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Archive for March, 2015

GARM Promo 2 – Video


GARM Promo 2
This video outlines the research and treatments being performed at the Global Alliance for Regenerative Medicine "GARM" on the island of Roatan, off the coastline of Honduras. These include...

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Kim Solez Bridge Between Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine – Video


Kim Solez Bridge Between Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine
Dr. Kim Solez presents the keynote address "Technology, the Future of Medicine, and the Bridge between Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine" at the Alberta Interprofessional Conference...

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TSRI Team Discovers Enzyme that Keeps Blood Stem Cells Functional to Prevent Anemia

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Newswise LA JOLLA, CA March 23, 2015 Stem cells can generate any type of cell in the body, but they are inactive most of the timeand for good reason. When stem cells become too active and divide too often, they risk acquiring cell damage and mutations. In the case of blood stem cells (also called hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs), this can lead to blood cancers, a loss of blood cells and an impaired ability to fight disease.

Now scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have found that a particular enzyme in HSCs is key to maintaining healthy periods of inactivity. Their findings, published recently in the journal Blood, show that animal models without this enzyme experience dangerous HSC activation and ultimately succumb to lethal anemia.

These HSCs remain active too long and then disappear, said TSRI Associate Professor Karsten Sauer, senior author of the new study. "As a consequence, the mice lose their red blood cells and die."

With this new understanding of the enzyme, called Inositol trisphosphate 3-kinase B (ItpkB), scientists are closer to improving therapies for diseases such as bone marrow failure syndrome, anemia, leukemia, lymphoma and immunodeficiencies.

Stem Cells Need Rest

HSCs are a type of adult stem cell that live in little niches in the bone marrow. They are normally inactive, or quiescent, and only divide to self-renew about every two months.

However, when mature blood cells are lost, for example through severe bleeding or during infections, HSCs become activated to generate new progenitor cellsthe cells that replenish the blood supply and produce immune cells to fight disease. Once the blood cells have been replenished, the HSCs become quiescent again.

The balance between inactivity and activity is important because HSC activation generates side products that harm HSCs. In addition, every division introduces a risk of mutation, sometimes leading to cancer. Its like a car wearing down its own engine while it is doing its work, said Sauer. "Like people, HSCs need long periods of rest to remain healthy and work well."

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TSRI Team Discovers Enzyme that Keeps Blood Stem Cells Functional to Prevent Anemia

Asymmetrex Opens Up 5th World Congress on Cell and Stem Cell Research in Chicago with a Focus on Its New Technologies …

Boston, MA (PRWEB) March 24, 2015

The opening keynote address presented by Asymmetrex, LLC to an assembled audience of about 100 international experts in stem cell science, medicine, and engineering challenged attendees to consider whether the past 10 years of rapid growth of heterologous stem cell transplantation trials was the best path to achieving effective regenerative medicines. Among the participants there were a number of clinical and industry experts who pursued heterologous stem cell treatments. To a large extent, heterologous stem cell transplantation treatments involve evaluating bone marrow-derived or fat-derived cells as possible therapies for illnesses and disorders in other organs and tissues. Sherley suggested that such clinical trials were motivated primarily by the easier access and greater availability of these types of cell preparations instead of good biological rationale. This intentional provocation got the conference off to energetic discussion that continued throughout the day.

As the co-chair of the conferences first-days focus on stem cell medical engineering, Sherley shared with attendees Asymmetrexs essential technological basis, which is the asymmetric self-renewal of adult tissue stem cells. Sherley related how all Asymmetrexs innovative technologies for advancing stem cell medicine were derivative of the companys superior research position on asymmetric self-renewal, which is the unique property of adult tissue stem cells that defines their function in the body. Adult tissue stem cells multiply to continuously replenish expired mature tissue cells without losing their own stem cell identity. Because embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells do not have asymmetric self-renewal, they are incapable of providing lasting cellular therapies.

Sherley described how each of Asymmetrexs patented technologies for stem cell medicine was based on asymmetric self-renewal. Asymmetrex holds patents for the only method described for routine production of natural human tissue stem cells that retain their normal function. The company also holds patents for biomarkers that can be used to count tissue stem cells for the first time. The companys most recently developed technology was invented with computer-simulation leader, AlphaSTAR Corporation. In partnership, the two companies created a first-of-its-kind method for monitoring adult tissue stem cell number and function for any human tissue that can be cultured. This advance is the basis for the two companies AlphaSTEM technology for detecting adult tissue stem cell-toxic drug candidates before conventional preclinical testing in animals or clinical trials. Asymmetrex and AlphaSTAR plan to market the new technology to pharmaceutical companies. The implementation of AlphaSTEM technology would accelerate drug development and reduce adverse drug events for volunteers and patients. At full capacity use, AlphaSTEM could reduce U.S. drug development costs by $4-5 billion each year.

About Asymmetrex (http://asymmetrex.com/)

Asymmetrex, LLC is a Massachusetts life sciences company with a focus on developing technologies to advance stem cell medicine. Asymmetrexs founder and director, James L. Sherley, M.D., Ph.D. is an internationally recognized expert on the unique properties of adult tissue stem cells. The companys patent portfolio contains biotechnologies that solve the two main technical problems production and quantification that have stood in the way of successful commercialization of human adult tissue stem cells for regenerative medicine and drug development. In addition, the portfolio includes novel technologies for isolating cancer stem cells and producing induced pluripotent stem cells for disease research purposes. Currently, Asymmetrexs focus is employing its technological advantages to develop facile methods for monitoring adult stem cell number and function in clinically important human tissues.

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Asymmetrex Opens Up 5th World Congress on Cell and Stem Cell Research in Chicago with a Focus on Its New Technologies ...

Why some HPV infections go away and others become cancer

Immune system response isn't as crucial as activity of the infected cells themselves

DURHAM, N.C. -- For people infected with the human papilloma virus (HPV), the likelihood of clearing the infection and avoiding HPV-related cancer may depend less on the body's disease-fighting arsenal than has been generally assumed.

A new study finds that the body's ability to defeat the virus may be largely due to unpredictable division patterns in HPV-infected stem cells, rather than the strength of the person's immune response.

If the mathematical model behind the findings holds up, it could point to ways of tweaking the way infected cells divide in order to make HPV infections go away faster and hence lower the risk of developing cancer, said co-author Marc Ryser of Duke University.

The results appear online in the journal PLOS Computational Biology.

More than six million people in the U.S. become infected with HPV every year. Most people clear the virus on their own in one to two years with little or no symptoms. But in some people the infection persists. The longer HPV persists the more likely it is to lead to cancer, including cancers of the cervix, penis, anus, mouth and throat.

To better understand why some HPV infections go away and others progress, Duke mathematicians Marc Ryser and Rick Durrett developed a model of HPV infection at the level of the infected tissue.

HPV spreads through intimate skin-to-skin contact during sex with an infected person, and takes advantage of the tissue's natural internal repair system to reproduce and spread.

The invading virus breaks through the layers of cells that line the cervix and other tissues and infects the stem cells in the innermost layer, called the basal layer.

Usually, when an infected stem cell divides into two, one of the new cells stays in the basal layer and the other cell is pushed outward into the upper layers where it dies and is sloughed off, releasing virus particles that can then infect another person.

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Why some HPV infections go away and others become cancer

4C HAIR OVATION CELL THERAPY TREATMENT UPDATE – Video


4C HAIR OVATION CELL THERAPY TREATMENT UPDATE
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Investigational Therapies and Stem Cell Research in PAH – Video


Investigational Therapies and Stem Cell Research in PAH
From PHA #39;s 2014 International PH Conference and Scientific Sessions. Panelists: Raymond Benza, MD, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pa. (Chair) Vallerie McLaughlin, MD, University of...

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Stem cell therapy could reverse Type 2 diabetes, UBC study finds

VANCOUVER -- University of B.C. scientists appear to be one step closer to reversing diabetes using stem cell therapy.

The latest study, published last week in the journal Stem Cell Reports, found that Type 2 diabetes can be eliminated in mice using a combination of conventional diabetes drugs and specially cultured stem cells. Similar methods have already been used to reverse Type 1 diabetes, which usually begins in childhood.

The team simulated Type 2 diabetes in mice by feeding them a high-fat, high-calorie diet for several weeks. In humans, Type 2 usually begins in adulthood and can be a result of obesity, poor diet and lack of exercise.

Like diabetic humans, the diabetic mice treated only with drugs experienced spikes in their blood sugar levels after eating sugary meals.

But the mice that were surgically implanted with pancreatic-like cells grown from human stem cells didnt have those drastic swings and were able to regulate their blood sugar like healthy animals.

Being able to reduce spikes in blood sugar levels is important because evidence suggests its those spikes that do a lot of the damage increasing risks for blindness, heart attack, and kidney failure, said Timothy Kieffer, a professor in UBCs department of cellular and physiological sciences.

So far, the researchers have followed the mice for up to seven months, and theyve remained healthy.

When we removed the transplanted devices and analyzed the cells within, they still appear very healthy so we believe they will function much longer. Ultimately the duration of cell function will need to be assessed in humans, Kieffer said in an email.

Human trials are already underway for stem cell therapy on Type 1 diabetes; the first patient was implanted with cells in October.

The treatment also had a surprising side-effect: weight loss. The mice all returned to the same, healthy weight as the animals in the control group.

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Stem cell therapy could reverse Type 2 diabetes, UBC study finds

Gene defects increase risk of melanoma by 50 times research finds

A melanoma under the microscope. Photo: supplied

Queensland scientists have identified gene defects making people roughly 50 times more likely to suffer a cancer responsible for killing about 1500 Australians a year.

By comparison, having either fair skin, red hair or freckles on their own make people only twice as likely to develop melanoma, a potentially deadly skin cancer.

QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute researcher Professor Nick Hayward said about 80 to 90 per cent of people with specific defects recently discovered in any of three different genes were likely to develop melanoma.

QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute researcher Professor Nick Hayward. Photo: supplied

"These mutations affect anyone regardless of their skin colour and they're ethnic background because it's a major fault that gives a very high probability of developing melanoma during your lifetime," he said.

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"Whereas having lighter skin, red hair, freckles, those are considered considered to be lower penetrance predisposition traits for melanoma.

"They only increase the risk by a small amount, let's say two-fold is about the average for each of those I mentioned, whereas the mutation in one of the genes we've identified potentially increases the risk 50 fold."

In 2011, 1,544 Australians died from melanoma of the skin.

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Gene defects increase risk of melanoma by 50 times research finds

Rapid testing for gene variants in kidney donors may optimize transplant outcomes

WINSTON-SALEM, N.C. - March 24, 2015 - Kidney transplantation outcomes from deceased African-American donors may improve through rapid testing for apolipoprotein L1 gene (APOL1) renal risk variants at the time of organ recovery, according to a new study led by researchers at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center.

Variation in the APOL1 gene is associated with up to 40 percent of all kidney diseases in African-Americans who undergo dialysis or kidney transplantation, and APOL1 kidney disease risk variants are only present on the chromosomes of individuals who possess recent African ancestry, such as African-Americans, according to the researchers.

The study, published in the March 24 issue of the American Journal of Transplantation, found that renal risk variants in the APOL1 gene in deceased African-American kidney donors were linked with shorter survival of transplanted kidneys.

"Our findings may assist physicians in decisions on which patients should receive higher-risk-for-failure donor kidneys," said Barry Freedman, M.D., professor of nephrology at Wake Forest Baptist and senior author of the study. "This research again demonstrates that APOL1 high-genetic-risk kidneys failed more quickly after transplantation than did low-risk kidneys without two APOL1 gene renal risk variants."

The research team analyzed a total of 675 kidney transplantations from deceased African-American organ donors. Outcomes were assessed in subsequent kidney transplants that were performed at 55 U.S. centers, adjusting for factors known to influence the outcomes of kidney transplantation.

The survival analysis revealed that kidneys from donors with two APOL1 gene renal risk variants failed more rapidly than did those from donors with fewer than two risk variants. The majority of these kidney transplant failures occurred early, many within two to three years after transplantation, the study reported.

Results from the study confirmed that two APOL1 gene variants in donor kidneys were associated with more than a two-fold increased risk of organ failure after transplantation.

"These results warrant consideration of rapidly genotyping deceased African-American kidney donors for APOL1 renal risk variants at the time of organ recovery," Freedman said. "APOL1 genotype data should be incorporated in the organ allocation and informed-consent processes for deceased donor transplantation."

###

The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health R01 DK070941, R01 DK084149, R01 MD009055 and 5U19-A1070119.

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Rapid testing for gene variants in kidney donors may optimize transplant outcomes

'Ban DNA Editing Of Sperm And Eggs'

Designer babies are on their way, said experts in genetic engineering as they called for a global ban on the practice.

It is thought that studies involving the use of genome-editing tools to modify the DNA of human embryos will be published shortly, said the authors of a paper in Nature.

The articles lead author, Professor Jennifer Doudna of the University of California at Berkeley, led the team that developed the gene-editing technique that she now wants restricted.

She and her colleagues have now warned of the ethical and safety implications of research that could lead to the birth of what laymen might term super humans.

In our view, genome editing in human embryos using current technologies could have unpredictable effects on future generations, they said. This makes it dangerous and ethically unacceptable. Such research could be exploited for non-therapeutic modifications.

DNA can be edited far more precisely than ever before using Crispr-Cas9 (Credit: Mehmet Pinarci/Sendercorp)

It is possible, for example, for the technology to make unintended changes to DNA, The New York Times reported.

But they are also worried that a public backlash could halt work on disease fighting techniques in somatic (non-reproductive) cells.

Genome-editing technologies may offer a powerful approach to treat many human diseases, including HIV/Aids, haemophilia, sickle-cell anaemia and several forms of cancer, they said.

Scientists at the Hubrecht Institute in the Netherlands reported in Cell Stem Cell two years ago that the technique could repair the cystic fibrosis mutation.

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'Ban DNA Editing Of Sperm And Eggs'

Extreme cryptography paves way to personalized medicine

David Paul Morris/Bloomberg via Getty

Cloud processing of DNA sequence data promises to speed up discovery of disease-linked gene variants.

The dream for tomorrows medicine is to understand the links between DNA and disease and to tailor therapies accordingly. But scientists working to realize such personalized or precision medicine have a problem: how to keep genetic data and medical records secure while still enabling the massive, cloud-based analyses needed to make meaningful associations. Now, tests of an emerging form of data encryption suggest that the dilemma can be solved.

At a workshop on 16 March hosted by the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), cryptographers analysed test genetic data. Working with small data sets, and using a method known as homomorphic encryption, they could find disease-associated gene variants in about ten minutes. Despite the fact that computers were still kept bogged down for hours by more-realistic tasks such as finding a disease-linked variant in a stretch of DNA a few hundred-thousandths the size of the whole genome experts in cryptography were encouraged.

This is a promising result, says Xiaoqian Jiang, a computer scientist at UCSD who helped to set up the workshop. But challenges still exist in scaling it up.

Physicians and researchers think that understanding how genes influence disease will require genetic and health data to be collected from millions of people. They have already started planning projects, such as US President Barack Obamas Precision Medicine Initiative and Britains 100,000 Genomes Project. Such a massive task will probably require harnessing the processing power of networked cloud computers, but online security breaches in the past few years illustrate the dangers of entrusting huge, sensitive data sets to the cloud. Administrators at the US National Institutes of Healths database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP), a catalogue of genetic and medical data, are so concerned about security that they forbid users of the data from storing it on computers that are directly connected to the Internet.

Homomorphic encryption could address those fears by allowing researchers to deposit only a mathematically scrambled, or encrypted, form of data in the cloud. It involves encrypting data on a local computer, then uploading that scrambled data to the cloud. Computations on the encrypted data are performed in the cloud and an encrypted result is then sent back to a local computer, which decrypts the answer. If would-be thieves were to intercept the encrypted data at any point along the way, the underlying data would remain safe.

If we can show that these techniques work, then it will give increased reassurance that this high-volume data will be computed on and stored in a way that protects individual privacy, says Lucila Ohno-Machado, a computer scientist at UCSD and a workshop organizer.

Homomorphic data encryption, first proposed in 1978, differs from other types of encryption in that it would allow the cloud to manipulate scrambled data in essence, the cloud would never actually see the numbers it was working with. And, unlike other encryption schemes, it would give the same result as calculations on unencrypted data.

But it remained largely a theoretical concept until 2009, when cryptographer Craig Gentry at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York, proved that it was possible to carry out almost any type of computation on homomorphically encrypted data. This was done by transforming each data point into a piece of encrypted information, or ciphertext, that was larger and more complex than the original bit of data. A single bit of unencrypted data would become encrypted into a ciphertext of a few megabytes the size of a digital photograph. It was a breakthrough, but calculations could take 14 orders of magnitude as long as working on unencrypted data. Gentry had rendered the approach possible, but it remained impractical.

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Extreme cryptography paves way to personalized medicine

Lil Wayne type beat- Genetics [ Prod. By: OrbitzBeats ] Free Download – Video


Lil Wayne type beat- Genetics [ Prod. By: OrbitzBeats ] Free Download
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PLoS Genetics : Small Regulatory RNA-Induced Growth Rate Heterogeneity of Bacillus subtilis – Video


PLoS Genetics : Small Regulatory RNA-Induced Growth Rate Heterogeneity of Bacillus subtilis
Small Regulatory RNA-Induced Growth Rate Heterogeneity of Bacillus subtilis. Ruben A. T. Mars et al (2015), PLoS Genetics http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005046 Isogenic bacterial...

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The Sims 3 – Perfect Genetics Challenge – Pt10 – Date Day! – Video


The Sims 3 - Perfect Genetics Challenge - Pt10 - Date Day!
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Spring Fling Genetics Seminar Dr. Tom Lawlor speaking – Video


Spring Fling Genetics Seminar Dr. Tom Lawlor speaking
Spring Fling Genetics Seminar Dr. Tom Lawlor speaking.

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Genetics Part 4 Mutations – Video


Genetics Part 4 Mutations
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Dixie Kong’s Double Trouble: Just Genetics – PART 6 – Grumpcade – Video


Dixie Kong #39;s Double Trouble: Just Genetics - PART 6 - Grumpcade
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Fmr. Firefighter Gets Some Help From ‘Vanilla Ice’ – Video


Fmr. Firefighter Gets Some Help From #39;Vanilla Ice #39;
A former firefighter and paramedic hopped into his brand new pool specially designed for him after a spinal cord injury and he had some ice too. Subscribe now to CBS Miami for more updates:...

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The ABCs of Parenting with a Spinal Cord Injury – Video


The ABCs of Parenting with a Spinal Cord Injury
Parenting is never a breeze, but parenting with a spinal cord injury can present additional and unique challenges. Find out how others with SCI have met these challenges in this panel discussion...

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Altering mechanical properties of cell environments to produce desired chemical outputs

3 hours ago by Denis Paiste MIT biological engineering graduate student Frances Liu works with a spiral-shaped inertial microfluidic separation device for separating stem cell populations in the Laboratory for Material Chemomechanics at MIT. This device was adapted from previous designs to separate cells as a function of diameter. Liu also grows bone marrow-derived stem cells and studies how those stem cells release certain chemicals in response to mechanical interactions with materials in the surrounding environment. Credit: Denis Paiste/Materials Processing Center

Researchers in MIT Associate Professor Krystyn J. Van Vliet's group last year showed that three biomechanical and biophysical markers could accurately identify the most desirable stem cells from a mixed group of bone marrow-derived cells. Now, MIT biological engineering graduate student Frances Liu is trying to advance that work by understanding how to alter the stem cells' physical environment to get them to produce the most desirable chemical output.

The bone marrow cells secrete special chemicals called cytokines that are needed in the body to repair bone tissue, fat tissue, and connective tissue like cartilage. "These so-called factors that the cells produce are associated with those tissue growth functions and tissue repair functions," Van Vliet says.

Liu grows bone marrow-derived stem cells and studies how those stem cells release certain chemicals in response to mechanical interactions with materials in their surrounding environment. "I would like to manipulate the cells, using cell-material interactions, or synthetic materials, to produce certain chemicals beneficial to tissue repair," Liu explains in the Laboratory for Material Chemomechanics at MIT. "Right now we are in the characterization phase, quantifying which and how much of different cytokines the cells secrete in response to different chemical and mechanical cues that we provide. Down the line, we aim to engineer those cytokine profiles using cell-material interactions." Liu, 24, is a third-year PhD student and expects to complete her doctorate in 2017. She received her bachelor of science degree in biomedical engineering from Brown University.

Liu is examining how various groups of stem cells differ in response to lab-controlled changes in their environment in ways that might be important for tissue repair in the body. "Frances is determining the correlations between the mechanical properties of the materials the cells interact with and the chemical factors that they produce in response to that chemomechanical coupling," Van Vliet says.

Heterogeneous cellular factories

"You can think of the cells as factories; they're factories of chemicals," Van Vliet explains. "One of the main ways you change the way that factory operates is you change the material properties of its environment. How stiff that environment is, how acidic that environment is, how rough that environment is, all of those characteristics of the cell's outside world can directly correlate with the chemicals that that cell produces. We don't really understand all of why that happens yet, but part of Frances' thesis is to understand these particular stem cells and the subpopulations within them."

While other researchers previously studied mechanical factors such as stiffness on the function of these mesenchymal (bone marrow-derived) stem cells, it wasn't widely recognized that they were examining a mixed population of cells, not a single well-defined cell population. "Some of them were stem cells, but some were not," Van Vliet says.

One way that Liu sorts her stem cells into groups is using an inertial microfluidic separation device that separates cells of large diameter cells from those of small diameter. This device was adapted from previous designs of their collaborator, MIT Professor Jongyoon Han, as part of the interdisciplinary team that Van Vliet leads within the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART). The group showed in a 2014 paper that three markerssize, mechanical stiffness, and how much the nucleus inside the cell moves aroundare sufficient to identify stem cells in a heterogeneous population of chemically similar but non-stem cells. "We measured those three properties as well as several other properties, but only those three properties together, that triplet of properties, distinguished a stem cell from a non-stem cell," Van Vliet says.

By using the microfluidic device, we can better understand the differences between the subpopulations of these heterogeneous bone marrow cells and which cytokines each subpopulation may be secreting, both in the body and in the lab.

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Altering mechanical properties of cell environments to produce desired chemical outputs

Stem cell treatment for knee arthritis shows promising results

FREDERICK, Md., March 23, 2015 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ --Recent studies employing adult stem cells obtained from bone marrow and fat have been used in patients suffering from osteoarthritis of the knee. Results have indicated not only symptomatic improvement but also suggest that cartilage healing and regeneration may be taking place.

According to Director, Dr. Nathan Wei of the Arthritis Treatment Center, "Osteoarthritis options in the past have been limited to symptom relief. We are now entering an era where we have therapies that may also rebuild lost cartilage."

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee affects more than 20 million Americans. It is a disease due to loss of cartilage, the gristle that caps the ends of long bones and provides cushioning and shock absorption.

He goes on to say, "by administering adult stem cells, in a certain fashion, we may be able to restore lost cartilage. While this action has been demonstrated in multiple animal models, it has only been described in anecdotal reports in humans. Fortunately, we are now conducting clinical studies that are much better controlled and more scientifically valid."

Dr. Wei adds, "The positive effect on arthritis is not only due to multiplication, division, and transformation of the stem cell into cartilage, but it is also due to the fact the stem cell releases proteins that attract other reparative cells to the area. This is called the 'paracrine' effect."

"We are excited about the early results of our investigation and hope the results will continue to be positive. If so, I hope that knee replacement surgery might become a thing of the past," he concludes.

Dr. Wei is a board-certified rheumatologist and regenerative medicine expert. He is director of the Arthritis Treatment Center located in Frederick, Maryland.

http://www.arthritistreatmentcenter.com

SOURCE Arthritis Treatment Center

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Stem cell treatment for knee arthritis shows promising results

stem cell therapy Jakarta tangerang serpong bsd bintaro – Video


stem cell therapy Jakarta tangerang serpong bsd bintaro
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What is "Stem cell therapy" ? | Steps in PRP Treatment : TV5 News – Video


What is "Stem cell therapy" ? | Steps in PRP Treatment : TV5 News
Download TV5 Android App: http://goo.gl/8mMEOX Subscribe to TV5 News Channel: http://goo.gl/NHJD9 Like us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/tv5newschannel Follow us on Twitter:...

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Bone Cancer – Chondrosarcoma 3 weeks after Surgery – Video


Bone Cancer - Chondrosarcoma 3 weeks after Surgery
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Bone Cancer - Chondrosarcoma 3 weeks after Surgery - Video

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