Archive for the ‘Gene Therapy Research’ Category

What is the future for field of genetics?

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Genetics and Foot Types

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Minecraft Mody: Advenced Genetics cz.1
Siema to druga modyfikacja nie miaem czasu wrzuca nowych filmw :D.

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Mendelian Genetics Pedigree Analysis tutorial
Genetics with Professor Matthew Schmidt and Dimitra Hasiotis For more information and to view the full video go to streamingtutors.com.

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Two Examples of Important Concepts of Molecular Genetics : Biology DNA
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Feed The Beast Monster :: Advanced Genetics :: Episode 8
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Laser Genetics ND3 Review
http://lasergenetics.comReview of the ND3 Laser Designator.By: M Barnard.

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FTB Monster #29 - Advanced Genetics Mad Scientist Lab
FTB Monster Modpack. In this Feed The Beast Monster episode we do some advanced genetics really late at night haha! We be trying to get all those minecraft s...

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Genetics: Mendel #39;s experiment on pea plants
Gregor Mendel #39;s experiment pea plants gave more explanation about genetics. Kawan ng Cordero is the only Bible-based kiddie show on television. It stirs the ...

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Gene therapy restores rare genetic blindnes
Originally published on January 16, 2014 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ A novel gene therap...

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Gene therapy restores rare genetic blindness
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Blood cell therapy developed
http://www.ktvu.com/videos/news/blood-cell-therapy-developed-for-wounds-that-wont/v576C/ Injuries generally recover normally, the body beginning it #39;s close o...

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Weapon X is a fictional clandestine government genetic research facility project in Marvel Comics. They are conducted by the Canadian Government's Department K, which turns willing and unwilling beings into living weapons. The project often captures mutants and experiments on them to enhance their superpowers, turning them into weapons. They also mutate baseline humans. The Weapon X Project produced Wolverine, Leech, and other characters such as Deadpool and Sabretooth.

Experiment X, or the brutal adamantium-skeletal bonding process, written by Barry Windsor-Smith in his classic story "Weapon X" (originally published in Marvel Comics Presents #72-84 in 1991), was eventually revealed as part of the "Weapon X Project." Grant Morrison's run on New X-Men in 2002 further revealed that Weapon X was only the tenth of an entire series of such projects, collectively known as the Weapon Plus Program, and the X in "Weapon X" referred not (or not exclusively) to the letter X, but to the Roman numeral for the number 10. The first project, Weapon I, pertained to the Super Soldier Project that created Captain America.

The code-name Weapon X was first mentioned in the first appearance of Wolverine in The Incredible Hulk #180, in 1974, since which, it had been implied that he was connected to a shady and malevolent government program. In the 1991 Marvel Comics Presents story arc Weapon X, the project was designated Experiment X, and it was revealed that it was responsible for bonding the adamantium to Wolverine's skeleton, making him indestructible. It also subjected him to brainwashing in order to bring out his most basic murderous instincts and to transform him into the perfect assassin. The scientists christened their new killing machine "Weapon X".

Wolverine's solo series issues #48-50 (1992) revealed that Project X also created fabricated memories in the minds of several of its subjects.

Weapon X operated through Canada's Department K and was directed by Professor Andre Thorton. At his side were Dr. Abraham Cornelius, Dr. Carol Hines, and Dr. Dale Rice. John Sublime, the director of Weapon Plus, was always behind the scenes. Some of the work of Weapon X was based on the experiments detailed on the journals of Nazi scientist Nathan Essex, which were obtained by Weapon Plus after the end of World War II.

The project's original test subjects were the members of Team X, a covert ops CIA team (consisting of Wolverine/Logan, Sabretooth/Victor Creed, Maverick/Christoph Nord, Silver Fox, Mastodon, Major Arthur Barrington, Vole/Aldo Ferro, Wildcat/Noel Higgins and Kestrel/John Wraith). The telepath Psi-Borg (Aldo Ferro) was involved in the creation of the victims' memory implants, in exchange for being endowed with immortality. The test subjects were policed by an adaptive robot enforcer, called Shiva, should any of the agents go rogue.

What Wolverine and his fellow X-Men ignored for many years is that Weapon X was part of a larger program called Weapon Plus, a United States super-soldier program created in the 1940s with the purpose of creating super-soldiers and assassins not only to be employed in conventional wars, but also to be employed for the extermination of mutants. Weapon X was the first iteration in Weapon Plus that victimized mutants.

What the Weapon X scientists did not foresee is that the experimentation on Wolverine would cause him to go on a murderous rampage, which allowed the escape of the other test subjects, and caused the death of Dale Rice, among dozens of other members of Weapon X staff, both scientists and military.

Weapon X was temporarily shut down, but eventually was reinstated. Subsequent attempts at recreating the success seen by Weapon X with Wolverine include Native, Kimura and X-23 (the 23rd attempt to clone Wolverine who was designed to also hunt down rogue agents). The Weapon X Re-Creation Project a.k.a. The Facility was headed by Director Martin Sutter, Dr. Zander Rice and Dr. Sarah Kinney. Like Weapon X once did, the Facility has also branched off from the main Weapon X Program. Latter creations of The Facility, now under the direction of Dr. Adam Harkins, include Predator X.

At some point, Weapon X branched off from Weapon Plus' control and was solely headed up by Canada's Department K. A new generation of agents were created: Deadpool, Garrison Kane (who took on the moniker "Weapon X"), Slayback, Sluggo, Wyre, Wildchild, and Ajax, among others. Weapon X used Logan's DNA in order to endow its agents with healing powers. The batch produced many additional failures, which were sent to a facility for dissection to determine the cause of their failures. These rejects were freed by Deadpool when he escaped from the facility.

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Spinach looks nothing like parsley, and basil bears no resemblance to thyme. Each plant has a typical leaf shape that can differ even within the same family. The information about what shape leaves will be is stored in the DNA. According to researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research in Cologne, the hairy bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta) has a particular gene to thank for its dissected leaves. This homeobox gene inhibits cell proliferation and growth between leaflets, allowing them to separate from each other. The thale cress Arabidopsis thaliana does not have this gene. Therefore, its leaves are not dissected, but simple and entire.

Miltos Tsiantis and his colleagues at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research in Cologne discovered the new gene when comparing two plants from the Brassicaceae family: Cardamine hirsuta has dissected leaves that form leaflets and Arabidopsis thaliana has simple leaves. The researchers identified the RCO (REDUCED COMPLEXITY) gene, which makes leaves of the hairy bittercress more complex. Arabidopsis lacks this gene and, accordingly, lacks leaflets. RCO is only active in growing leaves. RCO ensures that cell proliferation and growth is prevented in areas of the leaf margin between sites of leaflet formation. "The leaves of Arabidopsis are simple and entire because growth is not inhibited by the RCO gene," explains Tsiantis. "If we had not compared the two plants we would never have discovered this difference, as it is impossible to find a gene where none exists," he adds.

The scientists first identified the RCO gene through a mutation in the hairy bittercress. In the absence of functional RCO the hairy bittercress can no longer produces leaflets. The RCO gene belongs to a cluster of three genes, which arose during evolution through the duplication of a single gene. In the thale cress, the original triple cluster now consists of a single gene. When the scientists return the RCO gene to the thale cress in the laboratory, evolution is partially reversed. "The simple oval leaves of Arabidopsis now develop deep lobes" says Tsiantis, "The fact that the leaf shape becomes complex again through the transfer of the RCO gene alone, shows that most of the apparatus for the formation of leaflets must still be present in the thale cress and was not lost with the RCO gene."

The research team also examined the RCO sequence in greater detail and found it is a Homeobox gene. These genes function like genetic switches in that they activate or deactivate other genes. The scientists also demonstrated that RCO function is restricted to leaf shape; it does not decide whether leaves actually form. The loss of the RCO gene does not give rise to any other visible changes in the hairy bittercress. Therefore, its effect is limited to the inhibition of growth on the leaf margin. RCO does not work with the plant hormone auxin here. This specificity makes RCO a more likely driver of leaf shape evolution than any other genes identified to date. Tsiantis and his colleagues aim to decode its exact functionality in the months to come.

The scientists also examined the two genes which form a cluster with RCO and which arose in the course of evolution through the duplication of a precursor gene. They wanted to find out how the novel function of RCO in promoting leaf complexity arose. Apparently, the main functional difference lies in the control regions of the genes and not in the protein sequences. The control regions dictate when and how the relevant gene is read. If one or other of the two genes is subjected to the effect of the RCO control region, Arabidopsis makes complex leaves. Thus, the dissected leaves of the hairy bittercress are primarily owed to the control region of the RCO gene.

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The above story is based on materials provided by Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

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Gene for dissected leaves: Lost gene leads to simple leaves

Ask A CTA!
As the midterm rapidly approaches, join a panel of CTAs as they answer your questions on materials from Weeks 1-5. Questions can be left in the Discussion F...

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Genetics and DNA
Genetics is a study of changes in physical traits over time. Kawan ng Cordero is the only Bible-based kiddie show on television. It stirs the interest of the...

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My Biggest Dab So Far - Lady Sativa Genetics Knightsbridge OG BHO (Amsterdam Weed Review)
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By Callum Borchers/Globe Staff/February 12, 2014

A Cambridge biotechnology company launching Wednesday is taking aim at Parkinsons disease and ALS with a new gene therapy that deliberately infects patients with a virus.

The firm, Voyager Therapeutics, plans to use a class of viruses known as adeno-associated viruses as carriers to deliver vital proteins to the brain. Intentional infection may be counterintuitive, but the viruses used in the therapy are harmless to humans, making them ideal vehicles for moving proteins throughout the body, without troublesome side effects.

Boston venture capital firm Third Rock Ventures considered Voyagers research so promising that it invested $45 million to get the company off the ground, an unusually big bet on such an early stage life sciences firm.

Were just convinced that these viruses are going to be incredibly important delivery vehicles to different parts of the body and make a big difference in a lot of very serious disorders, said Third Rock cofounder Mark Levin, who will serve as Voyagers interim chief executive during the companys start-up phase.

The investment in Voyager marks Third Rocks latest foray into genetic medicine and the treatment of rare diseases. Bluebird bio of Cambridge, another gene therapy company in its portfolio, raised more than $100 million in an initial public stock offering last June. Bluebird is working on a treatment to slow the progression of a genetic brain disorder called childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy, or CCALD.

In November, Third Rock joined two other venture firms in putting a combined $43 million behind a Cambridge start-up called Editas Medicine, which is developing a technique to edit faulty genes, such as those that cause Huntingtons disease and sickle cell anemia.

The investments reflect a broader belief among the scientific community that gene therapy could be the key to effectively treating some of the worlds most challenging disorders. Gene therapy techniques typically involve replacing a mutated gene with a healthy version or turning off a gene that causes disease.

Voyager plans to use adeno-associated viruses as carriers for both techniques. To treat Parkinsons, for instance, Voyager will use viruses to deliver a missing protein. For ALS, the viruses will help shut down a harmful protein.

Expecting gene therapy to produce cures for rare diseases might be unrealistic, Levin said, but the idea is to make a dramatic difference in patients lives.

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Biotech start-up Voyager Therapeutics uses new gene therapy to attack diseases - Boston.com

1st TILS/Adoptive Cell Therapy Blog - Biopsy
The starting process of TILS or Adoptive Cell Therapy. 1st of many videos to come. Full written IV Melanoma blog at adriennes.blog.com.

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Advanced Stem Cell Therapy and PRP Treatment
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What is Stem Cell Therapy?
According to J. Peter Rubin, MD, Chair of the University of Pittsburgh #39;s Department of Plastic Surgery, stem cells are small cells that live within the tissu...

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Former Life Technologies executive Paul Grossman has joined Telegraph Hill Partners as a venture partner. Grossman previously was head of global strategy and corporate development at Life Tech, and he also held the same position at Invitrogen. Before he joined Invitrogen, Grossman held a variety of leadership roles at Applied Biosystems, including as a research scientist and patent attorney, VP of intellectual property, and VP of strategy and business development.

Becton Dickinson has appointed Amit Bhalla to be VP of global strategy and development. In the role, Bhalla will work with the senior management team to develop BD's overall strategy. Bhalla joins BD from Citi, where he has been director of equity research for life science tools and medical technology since 2006. Before joining Citi, he was VP of equity research for emerging medical technology at Morgan Stanley, and a technical operations R&D associate at Johnson and Johnson.

Ardy Arianpour has joined Pathway Genomics as chief strategy officer, the company said this week.

Arianpour most recently was senior VP of business development at Ambry Genetics, and during his 13-year career in the biotech sector he also has worked in senior sales and business development roles at Clinical Data, Cogenics, and Eurogentec North America. In his new post, Arianpour will lead the San Diego-based company's global strategy, strategic planning, and partnership activities.

Kevin Shianna has left the New York Genome Center, where he was most recently deputy scientific director of sequencing operations. His role has been taken over by Soren Germer and Dayna Oschwald, who both joined the NYGC in early 2012 as sequencing program managers.

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Gene by Gene's Clinical, Research Arrays Exempt from New Myriad BRCA Testing Agreement

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13-Feb-2014

Contact: William Raillant-Clark w.raillant-clark@umontreal.ca 514-566-3813 University of Montreal

A group of researchers at the Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC) of Universit de Montral discovered a promising new approach to treating leukemia by disarming a gene that is responsible for tumor progression. That gene, known as Brg1 is a key regulator of leukemia stem cells that are the root cause of the disease, resistance to treatment and relapse.

Julie Lessard, principal investigator and her colleagues at IRIC have spent the past four years studying that gene in collaboration with another research group at Stanford University in California. The results of this study are reported this week in the prestigious scientific journal Blood.

"When we removed the Brg1 gene, the leukemia stem cells were unable to divide, survive and make new tumors. In other words, the cancer was permanently shut down", Lessard says.

One difficulty with targeting cancer stem cells is that many genes essential for their function are also essential for normal stem cells, and therapies targeting them can end up harming healthy stem cells as well. "Strikingly, we showed that the Brg1 gene is dispensable for the function of normal blood stem cells, making it a promising therapeutic target in leukemia treatment" explains Pierre Thibault, principal investigator at IRIC and co-author in this study.

The story showed striking results on laboratory animals and human leukemia cells but is still a long way from being transposed into the clinic. "The next step will be to develop a small-molecule inhibitor to successfully block Brg1 function in leukemia, thus demonstrating the clinical relevance of this discovery", states Guy Sauvageau, chief executive officer and principal investigator at IRIC as well as clinical hematologist at the Hpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont and co-author in this study.

The group is now performing experiments to identify such drugs that can disarm the Brg1 gene, thereby stopping leukemia stem cells from generating malignant cells.

Cancer stem cells appear to be more resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy than the 'bulk' of the tumor and therefore, are often responsible for cancer relapse. As such, inhibiting residual leukemia stem cells from dividing is the key to obtain irreversible impairment of tumor growth and long-term remission in patients. "Our recent studies identified the gene Brg1 as a regulator that governs the self-renewal, proliferative and survival capacity of leukemia stem cells. Therefore, targeting the Brg1 gene in leukemia stem cells may offer new therapeutic opportunities by preventing the disease from coming back", Lessard concludes.

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A promising new approach for treating leukemia discovered

Precise and easy ways to rewrite human genes could finally provide the tools that researchers need to understand and cure some of our most deadly genetic diseases.

Over the last decade, as DNA-sequencing technology has grown ever faster and cheaper, our understanding of the human genome has increased accordingly. Yet scientists have until recently remained largely ham-fisted when theyve tried to directly modify genes in a living cell. Take sickle-cell anemia, for example. A debilitating and often deadly disease, it is caused by a mutation in just one of a patients three billion DNA base pairs. Even though this genetic error is simple and well studied, researchers are helpless to correct it and halt its devastating effects.

Now there is hope in the form of new genome-engineering tools, particularly one called CRISPR. This technology could allow researchers to perform microsurgery on genes, precisely and easily changing a DNA sequence at exact locations on a chromosome. Along with a technique called TALENs, invented several years ago, and a slightly older predecessor based on molecules called zinc finger nucleases, CRISPR could make gene therapies more broadly applicable, providing remedies for simple genetic disorders like sickle-cell anemia and eventually even leading to cures for more complex diseases involving multiple genes. Most conventional gene therapies crudely place new genetic material at a random location in the cell and can only add a gene. In contrast, CRISPR and the other new tools also give scientists a precise way to delete and edit specific bits of DNAeven by changing a single base pair. This means they can rewrite the human genome at will.

It is likely to be at least several years before such efforts can be developed into human therapeutics, but a growing number of academic researchers have seen some preliminary success with experiments involving sickle-cell anemia, HIV, and cystic fibrosis (see table below). One is Gang Bao, a bioengineering researcher at the Georgia Institute of Technology, who has already used CRISPR to correct the sickle-cell mutation in human cells grown in a dish. Bao and his team started the work in 2008 using zinc finger nucleases. When TALENs came out, his group switched quickly, says Bao, and then it began using CRISPR when that tool became available. While he has ambitions to eventually work on a variety of diseases, Bao says it makes sense to start with sickle-cell anemia. If we pick a disease to treat using genome editing, we should start with something relatively simple, he says. A disease caused by a single mutation, in a single gene, that involves only a single cell type.

In little more than a year, CRISPR has begun reinventing genetic research.

Bao has an idea of how such a treatment would work. Currently, physicians are able to cure a small percentage of sickle-cell patients by finding a human donor whose bone marrow is an immunological match; surgeons can then replace some of the patients bone marrow stem cells with donated ones. But such donors must be precisely matched with the patient, and even then, immune rejectiona potentially deadly problemis a serious risk. Baos cure would avoid all this. After harvesting blood cell precursors called hematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow of a sickle-cell patient, scientists would use CRISPR to correct the defective gene. Then the gene-corrected stem cells would be returned to the patient, producing healthy red blood cells to replace the sickle cells. Even if we can replace 50 percent, a patient will feel much better, says Bao. If we replace 70 percent, the patient will be cured.

Though genome editing with CRISPR is just a little over a year old, it is already reinventing genetic research. In particular, it gives scientists the ability to quickly and simultaneously make multiple genetic changes to a cell. Many human illnesses, including heart disease, diabetes, and assorted neurological conditions, are affected by numerous variants in both disease genes and normal genes. Teasing out this complexity with animal models has been a slow and tedious process. For many questions in biology, we want to know how different genes interact, and for this we need to introduce mutations into multiple genes, says Rudolf Jaenisch, a biologist at the Whitehead Institute in Cambridge Massachusetts. But, says Jaenisch, using conventional tools to create a mouse with a single mutation can take up to a year. If a scientist wants an animal with multiple mutations, the genetic changes must be made sequentially, and the timeline for one experiment can extend into years. In contrast, Jaenisch and his colleagues, including MIT researcher Feng Zhang (a 2013 member of our list of 35 innovators under 35), reported last spring that CRISPR had allowed them to create a strain of mice with multiple mutations in three weeks.

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CRISPR is the technology that could allow researchers to perform microsurgery on genes

Swathi Rao PA-C, an Indianapolis Clinician, Graduates to Become a Part of the Elite Group of Certified Practitioners by the Institute for Functional Medicine

Swathi has chosen to focus her expertise in Functional medicine for many timely reasons. According to Federal Way, WA; February 10, 2014: "Of total healthcare costs in the United States, more than 75% is due to chronic conditions." Functional medicine incorporates the latest in genetic science and systems biology, and also enables health care practitioners to practice proactive, predictive, and personalized medicine while empowering patients to take an active role in their own health.

As a graduate of The Institute for Functional Medicines Certification Program (IFMCP), Swathi Rao is uniquely trained in the functional medicine model to identify and treat the root causes of chronic disease. In order to achieve the designation of IFM Certified Practitioner, Swathi has completed 7 onsite training seminars and passed stringent written and case study evaluations.

Swathi joins an elite group of 124 practitioners who are among the first graduates of IFMs Certification Program.

About Swathi Rao PA-C Swathi is a Physician Assistant who works at Excell for Life Family Care & Pediatrics. She obtained her Physician Assistant Degree at Buter University and her Bachelors at Indiana University. To arrange an interview with Swathi please contact: Samantha Crispin, 317-660-0888 ext. 205, scrispin@excellforlife.com

About The Institute for Functional Medicine The Institute for Functional Medicine believes that good health and vitality are essential to the human spirit. The mission of IFM is to serve the highest expression of individual health through widespread adoption of functional medicine as the standard of care.

Functional medicine is a personalized, systems-oriented model that empowers patients and practitioners to achieve the highest expression of health by working in collaboration to address the underlying causes of disease. The primary drivers of the chronic disease epidemic are the complex daily interactions among an individuals genetics, environment, and lifestyle choices. Functional medicine addresses these underlying causes of disease and equips healthcare practitioners to help their patients manage this complex, interconnected web. For more information, please visit: http://functionalmedicine.org/.

About Functional Medicine The rising rates of chronic disease are creating a huge burden on the economy and the current health care system is not adequately addressing the problem. Conventional health care is rooted in an acute-care model focused on rapid diagnosis and long-term pharmaceutical interventions. Functional medicine is a model for 21st century health care that focuses on identifying and addressing the underlying causes of chronic disease by recognizing that each patient is biochemically unique, a product of the continuous interaction between their genes, their environment, and their lifestyle choices. Only by finding the specific causes of each patients disease and providing treatment that is individualized to that patient will we be able to reverse the epidemic of chronic disease.

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Swathi Rao PA-C, an Indianapolis Clinician, Graduates to Become a Part of the Elite Group of Certified Practitioners ...