Archive for the ‘Gene Therapy Research’ Category

Let #39;s Play The Sims 3 - Perfect Genetics Challenge - Episode 33
My Sims 3 Page: http://mypage.thesims3.com/mypage/Llandros2012 My Blog: http://Llandros09.blogspot.com My Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Llandros09?ref=t...

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Genetics project (cervical cancer)

By: VirtualifiedKristi

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Genetics project (cervical cancer) - Video

Mendel's Genetics

Hybridized domesticated horses

For thousands of years farmers and herders have been selectively breeding their plants and animals to produce more useful hybrids . It was somewhat of a hit or miss process since the actual mechanisms governing inheritance were unknown. Knowledge of these genetic mechanisms finally came as a result of careful laboratory breeding experiments carried out over the last century and a half.

Gregor Mendel 1822-1884

By the 1890's, the invention of better microscopes allowed biologists to discover the basic facts of cell division and sexual reproduction. The focus of genetics research then shifted to understanding what really happens in the transmission of hereditary traits from parents to children. A number of hypotheses were suggested to explain heredity, but Gregor Mendel , a little known Central European monk, was the only one who got it more or less right. His ideas had been published in 1866 but largely went unrecognized until 1900, which was long after his death. His early adult life was spent in relative obscurity doing basic genetics research and teaching high school mathematics, physics, and Greek in Brno (now in the Czech Republic). In his later years, he became the abbot of his monastery and put aside his scientific work.

Common edible peas

While Mendel's research was with plants, the basic underlying principles of heredity that he discovered also apply to people and other animals because the mechanisms of heredity are essentially the same for all complex life forms.

Through the selective cross-breeding of common pea plants (Pisum sativum) over many generations, Mendel discovered that certain traits show up in offspring without any blending of parent characteristics. For instance, the pea flowers are either purple or white--intermediate colors do not appear in the offspring of cross-pollinated pea plants. Mendel observed seven traits that are easily recognized and apparently only occur in one of two forms:

This observation that these traits do not show up in offspring plants with intermediate forms was critically important because the leading theory in biology at the time was that inherited traits blend from generation to generation. Most of the leading scientists in the 19th century accepted this "blending theory." Charles Darwin proposed another equally wrong theory known as "pangenesis" . This held that hereditary "particles" in our bodies are affected by the things we do during our lifetime. These modified particles were thought to migrate via blood to the reproductive cells and subsequently could be inherited by the next generation. This was essentially a variation of Lamarck's incorrect idea of the "inheritance of acquired characteristics."

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Basic Principles of Genetics: Mendel's Genetics

Aegean Process (Stem Cell Therapy with PRP)

By: sapardue

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Aegean Process (Stem Cell Therapy with PRP) - Video

@TrogJoe19: You scare me. This idea of humanity as a virus--I have heard it before. People who think this must have a deep seated inferiority complex, since why would the member of a species see itself as something malignant? We should seek ways of preserving life before we think of destroying it.

Yes, we should be prudent and think before we conceive new humans, but do we really want to go back to the days of rampant disease? Do we want to let viruses be our population control? There are more efficient, less painful ways, I think. Science is about looking forward, not backward. Seeking new solutions.

If we are becoming overpopulated, we should look to space before we think of stunting our longevity, and quashing the search for healthier humanity. With proper preparation, I wouldn't mind living on the moon. But we are so 'terracentric', especially right now, it seems.

@TrogJoe19: You scare me. This idea of humanity as a virus--I have heard it before. People who think this must have a deep seated inferiority complex, since why would the member of a species see itself as something malignant? We should seek ways of preserving life before we think of destroying it.

Yes, we should be prudent and think before we conceive new humans, but do we really want to go back to the days of rampant disease? Do we

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What is Genetic Research? - wiseGEEK

Feng Zhang is one of the founders of Editas Medicine, which aims to use CRISPR gene-editing technology to treat disease. Image: Kent Dayton

Showcasing more than fifty of the most provocative, original, and significant online essays from 2011, The Best Science Writing Online 2012 will change the way...

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Instead of taking prescription pills to treat their ailments, patients may one day opt for genetic 'surgery' using an innovative gene-editing technology to snip out harmful mutations and swap in healthy DNA.

The system, called CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats), has exploded in popularity in the past year, with genetic engineers, neuroscientists and even plant biologists viewing it as a highly efficient and precise research tool. Now, the gene-editing system has spun out a biotechnology company that is attracting attention from investors as well.

Editas Medicine, based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, announced its launch on 25 November with an initial $43 million venture capital investment. The company, founded by five leading CRISPR researchers, aims to develop therapies that directly modify disease-related genes.

"This is a platform that could have a profound impact on a variety of genetic disorders," says interim president Kevin Bitterman, a venture capitalist at Polaris Partners in Waltham, Massachusetts, which is one of Editas' backers.

The nicest cut CRISPR piggybacks on an immune strategy that bacteria use to detect and chop up foreign DNA. The DNA-cutting enzyme Cas9 finds its target with the help of an RNA guide sequence that researchers can now engineer to home in on potentially any gene of interest.

Editas is not disclosing its intended targets, but the technology might be tried first on diseases caused by a single faulty gene copy, says Feng Zhang, a neuroscientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technologys McGovern Institute for Brain Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and one of Editas founders. Simply disabling the disease-causing copy could clear the way for the good copy to take over. Treating conditions involving two dysfunctional gene copies will require correcting the gene by splicing in healthy DNA a feat that Zhang says will require more work and engineering.

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'Genetic Surgery' May Be Enabled by a New Technology ...

Tags: adenosine, cells, disease, encode, fuels, gene function, genes, identification, mitochondria, mutations, nerve cells, plants, proteins, rna, rna interference, stroke, technology

Scientists at the National Institutes of Health have used RNA interference (RNAi) technology to reveal dozens of genes which may represent new therapeutic targets for treating Parkinson's disease. The findings also may be relevant to several diseases caused by damage to mitochondria, the biological power plants found in cells throughout the body.

"We discovered a network of genes that may regulate the disposal of dysfunctional mitochondria, opening the door to new drug targets for Parkinson's disease and other disorders," said Richard Youle, Ph.D., an investigator at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and a leader of the study. The findings were published online in Nature. Dr. Youle collaborated with researchers from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS).

Mitochondria are tubular structures with rounded ends that use oxygen to convert many chemical fuels into adenosine triphosphate, the main energy source that powers cells. Multiple neurological disorders are linked to genes that help regulate the health of mitochondria, including Parkinson's, and movement diseases such as Charcot-Marie Tooth Syndrome and the ataxias.

Some cases of Parkinson's disease have been linked to mutations in the gene that codes for parkin, a protein that normally roams inside cells, and tags damaged mitochondria as waste. The damaged mitochondria are then degraded by cells' lysosomes, which serve as a biological trash disposal system. Known mutations in parkin prevent tagging, resulting in accumulation of unhealthy mitochondria in the body.

RNAi is a natural process occurring in cells that helps regulate genes. Since its discovery in 1998, scientists have used RNAi as a tool to investigate gene function and their involvement in health and disease.

Dr. Youle and his colleagues worked with Scott Martin, Ph.D., a coauthor of the paper and an NCATS researcher who is in charge of NIH's RNAi facility. The RNAi group used robotics to introduce small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into human cells to individually turn off nearly 22,000 genes. They then used automated microscopy to examine how silencing each gene affected the ability of parkin to tag mitochondria.

"One of NCATS' goals is to develop, leverage and improve innovative technologies, such as RNAi screening, which is used in collaborations across NIH to increase our knowledge of gene function in the context of human disease," said Dr. Martin.

For this study, the researchers used RNAi to screen human cells to identify genes that help parkin tag damaged mitochondria. They found that at least four genes, called TOMM7, HSPAI1L, BAG4 and SIAH3, may act as helpers. Turning off some genes, such as TOMM7 and HSPAI1L, inhibited parkin tagging whereas switching off other genes, including BAG4 and SIAH3, enhanced tagging. Previous studies showed that many of the genes encode proteins that are found in mitochondria or help regulate a process called ubiquitination, which controls protein levels in cells.

Next the researchers tested one of the genes in human nerve cells. The researchers used a process called induced pluripotent stem cell technology to create the cells from human skin. Turning off the TOMM7 gene in nerve cells also appeared to inhibit tagging of mitochondria. Further experiments supported the idea that these genes may be new targets for treating neurological disorders.

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Gene-silencing study finds new targets for Parkinson's disease ...

Human genetic clustering analysis uses mathematical cluster analysis of the degree of similarity of genetic data between individuals and groups to infer population structures and assign individuals to groups that often correspond with their self-identified geographical ancestry. A similar analysis can be done using principal components analysis, which in earlier research was a popular method.[1] Many of recent studies in the past few years have returned to using principal components analysis.

In 2004, Lynn Jorde and Steven Wooding argued that "Analysis of many loci now yields reasonably accurate estimates of genetic similarity among individuals, rather than populations. Clustering of individuals is correlated with geographic origin or ancestry."[2]

]

A study by Neil Risch in 2005 used 326 microsatellite markers and self-identified race/ethnic group (SIRE), white (European American), African-American (black), Asian and Hispanic (individuals involved in the study had to choose from one of these categories), to representing discrete "populations", and showed distinct and non-overlapping clustering of the white, African-American and Asian samples. The results were claimed to confirm the integrity of self-described ancestry: "We have shown a nearly perfect correspondence between genetic cluster and SIRE for major ethnic groups living in the United States, with a discrepancy rate of only 0.14%."(Tang, 2005)[full citation needed]

Studies such as those by Risch and Rosenberg use a computer program called STRUCTURE to find human populations (gene clusters). It is a statistical program that works by placing individuals into one of an arbitrary number of clusters based on their overall genetic similarity, many possible pairs of clusters are tested per individual to generate multiple clusters.[3] These populations are based on multiple genetic markers that are often shared between different human populations even over large geographic ranges. The notion of a genetic cluster is that people within the cluster share on average similar allele frequencies to each other than to those in other clusters. (A. W. F. Edwards, 2003 but see also infobox "Multi Locus Allele Clusters") In a test of idealised populations, the computer programme STRUCTURE was found to consistently underestimate the numbers of populations in the data set when high migration rates between populations and slow mutation rates (such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms) were considered.[4]

Nevertheless the Rosenberg et al. (2002) paper shows that individuals can be assigned to specific clusters to a high degree of accuracy. One of the underlying questions regarding the distribution of human genetic diversity is related to the degree to which genes are shared between the observed clusters. It has been observed repeatedly that the majority of variation observed in the global human population is found within populations. This variation is usually calculated using Sewall Wright's Fixation index (FST), which is an estimate of between to within group variation. The degree of human genetic variation is a little different depending upon the gene type studied, but in general it is common to claim that ~85% of genetic variation is found within groups, ~610% between groups within the same continent and ~610% is found between continental groups. For example The Human Genome Project states "two random individuals from any one group are almost as different [genetically] as any two random individuals from the entire world."[5] Sarich and Miele, however, have argued that estimates of genetic difference between individuals of different populations fail to take into account human diploidity.

The point is that we are diploid organisms, getting one set of chromosomes from one parent and a second from the other. To the extent that your mother and father are not especially closely related, then, those two sets of chromosomes will come close to being a random sample of the chromosomes in your population. And the sets present in some randomly chosen member of yours will also be about as different from your two sets as they are from one another. So how much of the variability will be distributed where?

First is the 15 percent that is interpopulational. The other 85 percent will then split half and half (42.5 percent) between the intra- and interindividual within-population comparisons. The increase in variability in between-population comparisons is thus 15 percent against the 42.5 percent that is between-individual within-population. Thus, 15/42.5 is 32.5 percent, a much more impressive and, more important, more legitimate value than 15 percent.[6]

Additionally, Edwards (2003) claims in his essay "Lewontin's Fallacy" that: "It is not true, as Nature claimed, that 'two random individuals from any one group are almost as different as any two random individuals from the entire world'" and Risch et al. (2002) state "Two Caucasians are more similar to each other genetically than a Caucasian and an Asian." It should be noted that these statements are not the same. Risch et al. simply state that two indigenous individuals from the same geographical region are more similar to each other than either is to an indigenous individual from a different geographical region, a claim few would argue with. Jorde et al. put it like this:

The picture that begins to emerge from this and other analyses of human genetic variation is that variation tends to be geographically structured, such that most individuals from the same geographic region will be more similar to one another than to individuals from a distant region.[2]

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Human genetic clustering - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Dinosauria Research by PlantBot Genetics
http://www.monsantra.com Plantbot Genetics Scientists visit the Royal Terrell Museum in the Bad Lands of Calgary Canada to research their Dinosauria line of PlantBots.

By: Wendy DesChene

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Dinosauria Research by PlantBot Genetics - Video

How to use Proof History and Other Tools at http://www.accelgen.com
Visit http://www.accelgen.com to view the proof history of any sire in the database. The website has many unique tools and is the producer #39;s first choice for sire s...

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How to use Proof History and Other Tools at http://www.accelgen.com - Video

Review Link to BBC - The Forum - 11 November 2013

Link to The Economist - 30 November 2013 --This text refers to the Hardcover edition.

G is for Genes opened my eyes to how genes influence, but not determine, the academic pathways of our children. It should be mandatory reading for parents, teachers, and policy-makers. The book is engagingly well-written, never condescending, yet addresses the key findings from the last decades of genetics research. Professor Rob Klassen, Psychology in Education Research Centre, University of York

The g-word has been a taboo in education. This defies both science and common sense, which tell us that children are not indistinguishable blank slates. Kathryn Asbury and Robert Plomin, one of the worlds leading behavioral geneticists, show that an understanding of genes, far from being scary, is indispensable to sound educational policy, promising schools that are both more effective and more humane. This may be the most important book about educational theory and practice in the new millennium, giving educators, policy-makers, and parents much to think about. Steven Pinker, Johnstone Family Professor of Psychology, Harvard University, and the author of How the Mind Works and The Blank Slate.

Education has changed little over at least the last six centuries. Until everybody concerned with education - administrators, teachers, and parents - understand the material clearly presented in this book, education will not change. Understanding genetic differences and the effect of environments on them is an essential beginning for any revolution in education. Douglas K. Detterman, Louis D. Beaumont University Professor Emeritus, Case Western Reserve University

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G is for Genes: The Impact of Genetics on Education and ...

Human genetics is the study of inheritance as it occurs in human beings. Human genetics encompasses a variety of overlapping fields including: classical genetics, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, biochemical genetics, genomics, population genetics, developmental genetics, clinical genetics, and genetic counseling.

Genes can be the common factor of the qualities of most human-inherited traits. Study of human genetics can be useful as it can answer questions about human nature, understand the diseases and development of effective disease treatment. Also understand genetics of human life. This article describes only basic features of human genetics; for the genetics of disorders please see: Medical genetics.

Inheritance of traits for humans are based upon Gregor Mendel's model of inheritance. Mendel deduced that inheritance depends upon discrete units of inheritance, called factors or genes.[1]

Autosomal traits are associated with a single gene on an autosome (non-sex chromosome)they are called "dominant" because a single copyinherited from either parentis enough to cause this trait to appear. This often means that one of the parents must also have the same trait, unless it has arisen due to a new mutation. Examples of autosomal dominant traits and disorders are Huntington's disease, and achondroplasia.

Autosomal recessive traits is one pattern of inheritance for a trait, disease, or disorder to be passed on through families. For a recessive trait or disease to be displayed two copies of the trait or disorder needs to be presented. The trait or gene will be located on a non-sex chromosome. Because it takes two copies of a trait to display a trait, many people can unknowingly be carriers of a disease. From an evolutionary perspective, a recessive disease or trait can remain hidden for several generations before displaying the phenotype. Examples of autosomal recessive disorders are albinism, cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease.

X-linked genes are found on the sex X chromosome. X-linked genes just like autosomal genes have both dominant and recessive types. Recessive X-linked disorders are rarely seen in females and usually only affect males. This is because males inherit their X chromosome and all X-linked genes will be inherited from the maternal side. Fathers only pass on their Y chromosome to their sons, so no X-linked traits will be inherited from father to son. Men cannot be carriers for recessive X linked traits, as they only have one X chromosome, so any X linked trait inherited from the mother will show up.

Females express X-linked disorders when they are homozygous for the disorder and become carriers when they are heterozygous. X-linked dominant inheritance will show the same phenotype as a heterozygote and homozygote. Just like X-linked inheritance, there will be a lack of male-to-male inheritance, which makes it distinguishable from autosomal traits. One example of a X-linked trait is Coffin-Lowry syndrome, which is caused by a mutation in ribosomal protein gene. This mutation results in skeletal, craniofacial abnormalities, mental retardation, and short stature.

X chromosomes in females undergo a process known as X inactivation. X inactivation is when one of the two X chromosomes in females is almost completely inactivated. It is important that this process occurs otherwise a woman would produce twice the amount of normal X chromosome proteins. The mechanism for X inactivation will occur during the embryonic stage. For people with disorders like trisomy X, where the genotype has three X chromosomes, X-inactivation will inactivate all X chromosomes until there is only one X chromosome active. Males with Klinefelter syndrome, who have an extra X chromosome, will also undergo X inactivation to have only one completely active X chromosome.

Y-linked inheritance occurs when a gene, trait, or disorder is transferred through the Y chromosome. Since Y chromosomes can only be found in males, Y linked traits are only passed on from father to son. The testis determining factor, which is located on the Y chromosome, determines the maleness of individuals. Besides the maleness inherited in the Y-chromosome there are no other found Y-linked characteristics.

A pedigree is a diagram showing the ancestral relationships and transmission of genetic traits over several generations in a family. Square symbols are almost always used to represent males, whilst circles are used for females. Pedigrees are used to help detect many different genetic diseases. A pedigree can also be used to help determine the chances for a parent to produce an offspring with a specific trait.

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Human genetics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"VAMPIRE FACELIFT STEM CELL and PRP THERAPY" http://www.CLINICell.com

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Bizline - Ep37C03 An era of remote medical examination
Subscribe:http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=arirangtoday With a development of ICT technologies, the paradigm for hospital is changing. Now...

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Bizline - Ep37C03 An era of remote medical examination - Video

Genetic Engineering and Food Label Initiatives

By: Josh M

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Genetic Engineering and Food Label Initiatives - Video

Genetic Engineering is a very complex field where there is a direct manipulation of an organism's genes. It is also called recombinant DNA technology, which involves creating a DNA by bringing together DNA sequences which otherwise, normally would not be combined. Techniques like transformation and molecular cloning are used in genetic engineering to modify the structure and the characteristics of genes.

Interesting Examples of Genetic Engineering

Genetic engineering is the technique that gives the power to desirably manipulate the genome of an organism. This ability has been explored and experimented in several organisms, some of which have been commercialized whereas the...

Common Misconceptions in Genetics

In the mid-19th century, Gregor Mendel propagated his theories related to heredity. A lot of progress has been made in the field of genetics since then. However, even today, there exist a lot of misconceptions owing to incorrect...

Benefits of Genetic Engineering

Genetic engineering process manipulates the DNA sequence to create a new one. The write-up focuses on the various benefits of genetic engineering.

Genetic Engineering in Humans

With the advancements in the field of genetic engineering, science in the future may give us the power to genetically modify and create 'near perfect' life. Read this write-up to know more about genetic engineering in humans.

Pros and Cons of Genetic Engineering

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Genetic Engineering | Buzzle.com

Document Genetics User Group 2013 - ParetoPost: A User Experience
How Europa Components use ParetoPost to streamline the delivery and payment of invoices. Presented by Gail Spraggonqiunn and Andrew Jagessar of Europa Compon...

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Document Genetics User Group 2013 - ParetoPost: A User Experience - Video

Bramaholando Uberrahman Alta Genetics
Guilherme Marquez, gerente de Produtos Leite Alta Genetics, comenta sobre o lote de embries de brahmaholando que estar a venda no Leilo UberBrahman Genti...

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Bramaholando Uberrahman Alta Genetics - Video

Utopia - S2E8 - Down the Rabbit Hole - Advanced Genetics with Nemsun
Welcome to the second season of the Utopia Server. Come watch as we check out all that modded Minecraft 1.6.4 has to offer. Our server, our modpack, our rul...

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Utopia³ - S2E8 - Down the Rabbit Hole - Advanced Genetics with Nemsun - Video

Modded Minecraft: Utopia S02 E08 - Sun-Shine Advanced Genetics Lab
Welcome Back to Utopia the Modded Minecraft Server full of Youtubers that brings you all the latest in released mods. Disclaimers Information Utopia is a ...

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Modded Minecraft: Utopia³ S02 E08 - Sun-Shine Advanced Genetics Lab - Video

GENETICS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
The genetic base of schizophrenia are discussed in this video by the students of Human Genetics, Degree of Biomedicine, University of Sevilla.

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GENETICS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA - Video

GENETICS OF ATHLETICS PERFORMANCE AND GENE DOPING
This is aproject of students of Human genetics, Degree of Biomedicine, University of Sevilla. Here they show the genetic bases of athletic performance and ho...

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GENETICS OF ATHLETICS PERFORMANCE AND GENE DOPING - Video

Achondroplasia Genetics Counselor
Achondroplasia Genetics Counselor.

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"Genetics", Pangenesis

By: MyCyberCollege

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"Genetics", Pangenesis - Video

Study of heredity in general and of genes in particular. Modern genetics began in the 19th century with the work of Gregor Mendel, who formulated the basic concepts of heredity. In 1909 the word gene was coined by Wilhelm Johannsen, thus giving genetics its name. In the same year, Thomas Hunt Morgan provided evidence that genes occur on chromosomes and that adjacent genes on the same chromosome form linkage groups. This led to the important discovery that genes affect molecular action at the cell level, as evidenced by human hereditary diseases such as inborn errors of metabolism. Molecular genetics began in earnest in the 1940s when Oswald Avery showed that DNA is the chromosome component that carries genetic information. The molecular structure of DNA was deduced by James D. Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins. These and other developments led to the deciphering of the genetic code of the DNA molecule, which in turn made possible the recombination techniques of genetic engineering, discovered in the 1970s. An understanding of genetics is necessary for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of hereditary diseases, the selective breeding of plants and animals, and the development of industrial processes that use microorganisms. See also behaviour genetics; biotechnology.

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Genetics - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster ...