Archive for the ‘Gene Therapy Research’ Category

DOJ Pulls Funding From Youth Group Because Of Prayer Mention Faith - Wake Up America!
Obama Attack On Faith? DOJ Pulls Funding From Youth Group Because Of Prayer Mention Faith - Wake Up America!

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DOJ Pulls Funding From Youth Group Because Of Prayer

HIDEOUT - Genetics (Lyrics in description)
I do not own this. All rights reserved and stuff. Buy the No Rest EP on Bandcamp: http://hideoutny.bandcamp.com/album/no-rest Honestly, buy it. It #39;s worth th...

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Size Genetics - $141 Off Discount Code
Size Genetics: Click Here to buy SizeGenetics and save $141. If you are planning to buy sizegenetics extender I have some good news for, now you can save a l...

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FAQ4 A Scientific Basis for Stem Cell Therapy
http://youtu.be/uf_toA9Nzuo With all the hype online and in the media today, it is easy to believe that Stem Cell therapy is ALSO #39;hype #39;, but it actually eme...

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FAQ4 A Scientific Basis for Stem Cell Therapy - Video

SAN FRANCISCO, CA--(Marketwired - Jul 26, 2013) - Jason Kolbert, Managing Director of Maxim Group, stated in an interview with The Life Sciences Report, "Mesoblast Ltd. (ASX: MSB) (PINKSHEETS: MBLTY) did something very interesting in its phase 2 human clinical trial for DDD. It recruited steroid-refractory patients -- people who had already failed steroids for their pain. Therefore, the fact that cells showed a good result in these patients is very significant. We think the long-term use of steroids does nothing toward healing disc disease. Cell therapy opens up an entire new treatment paradigm in back pain."

The Life Sciences Report: "Does cell therapy have to be superior to current therapies, steroids in particular? Isn't it enough that cells won't cause steroid necrosis in the spine?"

Jason Kolbert: "Mesoblast went around the current therapy issue entirely by enrolling steroid-refractory patients in its trial. If it can demonstrate that cell therapy works in patients who have failed steroids, the company is dealing in a niche market, essentially an unmet medical need. That's huge.

Going forward, once Mesoblast has FDA approval, how would it extend the label for frontline usage? That's the question. Would it have to run a control arm against steroids and show noninferiority? That's more likely than being required to show superiority, particularly if it occurs in a sequence where it has already shown utility in steroid-refractory patients. That is the brilliance of the Mesoblast strategy."

Continue reading this interview with Jason Kolbert of Maxim Group: "Is Cell Therapy the 'Future of Medicine'?"

Read The Life Sciences Report's recent interview with Mesoblast Ltd.'s CEO, Silvio Itesco: "Mesoblast Ltd. Targets Success in the Degenerative Disc Space."

About Streetwise Reports - The Life Sciences Report

Investors rely on The Life Sciences Report to share investment ideas for the biotech, pharmaceutical, medical device, and diagnostics industries. Our exclusive interviews with leading industry experts and analysts provide a clear picture of the causes of macro-economic shifts and the strategies that will help you capitalize on these developing trends. This valuable insight is integrated with in-depth company information, summaries from the latest research and news that will help you make smart investment decisions.

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Is Cell Therapy the 'Future of Medicine'? The Life Sciences Report Interview With Jason Kolbert of Maxim Group

DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Research and Markets (http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/xtvgc9/global_molecular) has announced the addition of the "Global Molecular Diagnostics Market Report: 2013 Edition" report to their offering.

Global Molecular Diagnostics Market Report: 2013 Edition

The molecular diagnostics procedures for infectious diseases including HPV, CT/NG; and the deadly gene linked cancer represent the largest market category in terms of revenue generation. Since the realm of cancer detection and screening procedures is undergoing a major change, the Oncology segment of the market is poised to undergo noteworthy expansion in the near future thereby driving the molecular diagnostics market on the holistic basis.

As of now, the global molecular diagnostics market is characterized by growth in large value mergers and acquisitions, personalized treatment in the field of Oncology and reimbursement trend. While the global molecular diagnostics marketplace remains marred by challenges like rising price pressures and growing regulatory hurdles; the underlying growth drivers including the ever increasing demand for better healthcare solutions, coupled with ageing world population, reimbursement, increasing insurance density, growing demand for genetic testing and rising new incidences of cancer, are taking the molecular diagnostics market to new heights.

The report analyzes the global molecular diagnostics market on a global scale and its various segments and also provides detailed information regarding the key umbrella markets including the diagnostics and IVD industry. It further discusses the various industry trends, growth drivers and challenges faced by the respective industry. In addition to the market contention prevalent in the global molecular diagnostics market, major industry players are profiled.

Key Topics Covered

1. Diagnostics: An Overview

1.1 In Vitro Diagnostics

1.2 Molecular Diagnostics

2. Diagnostics Market Structure

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Research and Markets: Global Molecular Diagnostics Market Report: 2013 Edition

Feng Zengkun

The Straits Times

Publication Date : 27-07-2013

Scientists in Singapore have identified a gene which worsens breast cancer, in a development which could lead to more effective treatment

Scientists in Singapore have identified a gene which worsens breast cancer, in a development which could lead to more effective treatment.

Scientists in Singapore have identified a gene which makes an aggressive form of breast cancer even worse, in a development which could lead to more effective drugs to treat it.

Patients with triple negative breast cancer, whose tumours have high levels of a gene called UBASH3B, are likely to have earlier relapses within three years of treatment.

Scientists at the Agency for Science, Technology and Research's Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS) also said that the cancer in these patients' is more virulent and spreads faster in the body.

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S'pore scientists identify gene that worsens breast cancer

Royal Baby: Crowds congratulate Prince Charles and the Duchess of Cornwall
Cheering crowds offered their congratulations to Prince Charles and the Duchess of Cornwall during a visit to Bugthorpe in East Yorkshire. Many people asked ...

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Monsanto Video Revolt! Must See Animation!
Poor Johnny doesn #39;t like "healthy" food. What could possibly persuade him to eat all his "veggies"? From http://infomaticfilms.com/ and sponsored by http://n...

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BIO Presentation Genetic Engineering
For BIO presentation. I do not own any pictures or music.

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BIO Presentation Genetic Engineering - Video

Russia is preparing to catch up with the world in the production of genetically modified food. Measures for the development of biotechnology and genetic engineering are laid out in the road map developed by the Ministry of Economic Development. Officials hope to reduce imported biotechnology and increase the presence of the Russian Federation in this promising market.

Today, the share of Russia's participation in the rapidly developing but highly controversial biotechnology segment of the market is less than 0.1 percent. Meanwhile, analysts do not doubt the prospects of this trend. According to their projections, by 2025 the world market of GMOs will reach $2 trillion. According to Russian officials, by that time Russia will fully establish its own production of genetically-modified foods to get a larger piece of this pie.

The road map for the development of biotechnology in the country is available on the official website of the government of the Russian Federation. The proposed measures include biopharmaceuticals, industrial biotechnology, agricultural and food biotechnology, forest biotechnology, bioenergy, environmental biotechnology and genetic engineering. The road map suggests that five years later, by 2018, the production of biotechnological products in Russia will reach the following volumes: in terms of consumption - 300 billion rubles compared to 128 billion in 2012, in terms of production - 200 million rubles against the current 26 billion, in terms of exports - 50 billion rubles compared to 1 billion rubles last year.

According to the industry experts, today China provides the most serious funding for GMO research. Germany and France are also focusing on the development of biotechnology, and so do Italy and the United States, albeit to a lesser extent. Interestingly, even for Germany, whose government is "preaching" environmental values and maintaining appropriate policies, the development of GMOs does not raise questions. Meanwhile, the vast majority of people in Russia is still convinced of the disastrous effect of genetically modified foods on human health. Experts in the field of science and technology industry do not share these concerns.

"Food industry representatives have long known that no sausage can be made without soy, it is impossible - it will be tasteless, ugly, and so on. So the future of humanity, of course, is in the increase of the production of food products, including through GMO," Vladimir Rudashevsky, deputy chairman of the RSPP Committee on industrial policy and the regulation of natural monopolies and the deputy chairman of the Committee for Scientific and Technological Innovation and high technology told Pravda.Ru. "I think there is a lot of false information on how bad it is. We remember from history that at one time (100 years ago, probably) it was believed that it is impossible to use additives that are widely used now. 300 years ago people could not use pepper - it was thought that it was a deadly poison. This is not the first such experience for the mankind. There is a great deal of bias against everything new (especially with regard to food."

According to Rudashevsky, it is the development of GMOs that allows manufacturers to fully control food, which is nearly impossible in the current state of affairs. A biologist and scientific expert of Pravda.Ru Anton Evseev agrees with this opinion: "As for the stir caused by many media outlets about the danger of the GMPs (genetically modified plants), everyone who writes about it forgets one simple thing - genetic modification is a natural process that occurs in nature several times a day. In fact, people adopted the idea of genetic modification from microorganisms. Symbiotic and parasitic bacteria and fungi as well as viruses are constantly introducing its DNA into crops. We then eat these natural GMO foods and nothing bad happens to us, we do not die and do not mutate. Moreover, if we look at the problem from this point of view, the process of artificial modification is much more secure than the natural one. We know exactly what scientists are introducing into the plant genome, but never know for sure what the bacteria "stuffs" the plants with. I think we can all agree that a controlled modification is always safer than uncontrolled. "

Russia's potential in the development of biotechnology is very significant. According to Vladimir Rudashevsky, these developments were started by Soviet scientists. To date, Russia has a very powerful biotechnology that, however, does not receive the support required for the development of the best examples of GMO products.

"Without developing our own market, we are giving in to the overseas markets, but here lies a great danger. GMOs coming from China and India, I think, are not as good as we would like, because that's where the technology for these products is poorly controlled. We cannot reject them, so the only way to stop it is to develop our own industry based on the principles of good faith, and we have a perfect scientific basis for this," noted Rudashevsky. He added that Pushchinsky State Science and Research Institute and the Institute of Nutrition used to be involved in this type of work.

According to the expert, the approved road map should attract foreign researchers who for one reason or another are not allowed to work on the development of biotechnology in their country. Provision of a platform for the new developments will help Russia to take a fundamentally new spot on the world stage. However, according to scientists, the creation of food through genetic modification is justified not only from the economic point of view.

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Russians to proudly poison themselves with their own GM food

Public release date: 26-Jul-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Vicki Cohn vcohn@liebertpub.com 914-740-2100 x2156 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News

New Rochelle, NY, July 26, 2013 -- Researchers have generated functional hepatocytes from human stem cells, transplanted them into mice with acute liver injury, and shown the ability of these stem-cell derived human liver cells to function normally and increase survival of the treated animals. This promising advance in the development of cell-based therapies to treat liver failure resulting from injury or disease relied on the development of scalable, reproducible methods to produce stem cell-derived hepatocytes in bioreactors, as described in an article in Stem Cells and Development, a peer-reviewed journal from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers. The article is available free on the Stem Cells and Development website.

Massoud Vosough and coauthors demonstrate a large-scale, integrated manufacturing strategy for generating functional hepatocytes in a single suspension culture grown in a scalable stirred bioreactor. In the article "Generation of Functional Hepatocyte-Like Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in a Scalable Suspension Culture" the authors describe the method used for scale-up, differentiation of the pluripotent stem cells into liver cells, and characterization and purification of the hepatocytes based on their physiological properties and the expression of liver cell biomarkers.

David C. Hay, MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, U.K., comments on the importance of Vosough et al.'s contribution to the scientific literature in his editorial in Stem Cells and Development entitled "Rapid and Scalable Human Stem Cell Differentiation: Now in 3D." The researchers "developed a system for mass manufacture of stem cell derived hepatocytes in numbers that would be useful for clinical application," creating possibilities for future "immune matched cell based therapies," says Hay. Such approaches could be used to correct mutated genes in stem cell populations prior to differentiation and transplantation, he adds.

"The elephant in the room for stem cell therapy rarely even acknowledged let alone addressed in the literature is that of scalable production of cells for translational application," says Editor-in-Chief Graham C. Parker, PhD, research professor, Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine. "Baharvand's groups' landmark publication not only demonstrates but exquisitely describes the methodology required to scale up stem cell populations for clinical application with a rigor to satisfy necessary manufacturing standards."

###

About the Journal

Stem Cells and Development is an authoritative peer-reviewed journal published 24 times per year in print and online. The Journal is dedicated to communication and objective analysis of developments in the biology, characteristics, and therapeutic utility of stem cells, especially those of the hematopoietic system. Complete tables of content and a free sample issue may be viewed on the Stem Cells and Development website.

About the Publisher

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Human stem cell-derived hepatocytes regenerate liver function

Newswise PHILADELPHIAHenry R. Kranzler, MD, a professor of Psychiatry at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania whose work has contributed to the identification of genetic risk factors and pharmacological treatments for drug and alcohol dependence, has been named the Director of the Center for Studies of Addiction.

Dr. Kranzler received his medical degree from Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and completed a psychiatric residency and a fellowship in alcohol research at the University of Connecticut Health Center. He came to Penn Medicine in 2010 after a lengthy career at the University of Connecticut, where he was an Associate Scientific Director of the Alcohol Research Center, Program Director of the Lowell P. Weicker General Clinical Research Center, and Associate Dean for Clinical and Translational Research. Since 1987, Dr. Kranzlers research has been funded by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).

His contributions to the field of alcohol research include advancing clinical trials methodology as it relates to pharmacological treatment, the identification of interactive effects of serotonergic medications with alcoholism subtypes, the use of a targeted approach to naltrexone treatment of heavy drinkers, and the development of long-acting naltrexone as a treatment option.

In addition, his work has contributed to the identification or characterization of specific genes influencing the risk for dependence on alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, and opioids; the potential mechanism of the effects of alcohol through mediators such as neuroactive steroids, and genetic moderators of the response to alcohol treatment.

He has authored or co-authored more than 400 journal articles, book chapters, and other publications. He chaired the NIAAA Clinical and Treatment Subcommittee, has been a frequent journal reviewer, and is a member of the editorial boards of five journals.

The Center for Studies of Addiction, which was established in 1971 as a clinical research and treatment center for addictive disorders, consists of a multidisciplinary group of faculty and staff that conducts research on the etiology and pathogenesis of addictions, as well as clinical trials of pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic treatments for a variety of addictive disorders.

For the past 40 years, the Center has received funding from the NIDA and the NIAAA. It has played a pivotal role in the development of a number of widely used assessments and medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat addictive disorders. In addition to its successful research and research training efforts, the Center has developed highly regarded clinical training programs for medical students, psychiatric residents and addictions fellows.

The Perelman School of Medicine has been consistently ranked among the top 5 nationally by the US News and World Reports for Drug and Alcohol Abuse.

Dr. Kranzler will replace Charles P. OBrien, MD, the founding Director of the Center for Studies of Addiction and one of the foremost addiction psychiatrists in the world. Under Dr. OBriens leadership, the Center, which began at the Philadelphia VA Medical Center and expanded to its current prominent position at Penn, has served as a national resource for the empirical validation of assessment and treatment methods and training in these methods, and in the dissemination of knowledge to the addictions treatment and research communities.

Dr. OBrien will continue his funded research and will serve as a collaborator and mentor to his many colleagues in the Center.

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Henry R. Kranzler, MD, Named Director of Penn's Center for Studies of Addiction

Genetics of Reproductive Traits
In general Reproductive Traits are lowly heriatable, so the idea of genetic markers or overall fertility is questionable. However the genes involved in the d...

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Seminar: Gene Silencing using Polypurine Reverse Hoogsteen Hairpins (Carles Ciudad, PhD)
Watch the presentation on Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/VHIR/carles-ciudad Seminar led by Carlos Ciudad, PhD, Full Professor of Biochemistry and Mole...

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Metal Gear Solid Twin Snakes - Snake vs Metal Gear Rex, Grey Fox, Genes!
Liquid then climbed aboard REX, giving Snake no option but to destroy it. In addition, he also learned from Roy Campbell that if Snake failed to destroy REX,...

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Metal Gear Solid Twin Snakes - Snake vs Metal Gear Rex, Grey Fox, Genes! - Video

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NIH Begins Gene Therapy Trial for Parkinson s Disease

July 24, 2013 Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC) scientists have identified new genetic mutations that can cause pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a rare fatal disease characterized by high blood pressure in the lungs. The mutations, found in the gene KCNK3, appear to affect potassium channels in the pulmonary artery, a mechanism not previously linked to the condition. Cell culture studies showed that the mutations' effects could be reversed with a drug compound known as a phospholipase inhibitor.

The study was published today in the online edition of the New England Journal of Medicine.

"The most exciting thing about our study is not that we've identified a new gene involved in pulmonary hypertension, but that we've found a drug that can 'rescue' some mutations," said co-senior author Wendy K. Chung, MD, PhD, associate professor of pediatrics and medicine at CUMC. "In genetics, it's common to identify a gene that is the source of a disease. However, it's relatively rare to find potential treatments for genetic diseases."

PAH is a progressive disorder characterized by abnormally high blood pressure in the pulmonary artery, which reduces blood flow from the right side of the heart to the lungs. The heart can compensate by pumping harder, but over time this can weaken the heart muscle and lead to right-sided heart failure. Common symptoms of PAH include shortness of breath, dizziness, and fainting. About 1,000 new cases are diagnosed in the United States each year. The disorder is twice as common in females as in males. There is no cure for PAH and few effective treatments. Most patients with PAH die within 5-7 years of diagnosis.

Some cases of PAH are caused by inherited genetic defects. Most of these "familial" cases have been linked to mutations in a gene called BMPR2 (bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type II), which was identified simultaneously in 2000 by two independent research teams, one led by the late Robin Barst and Jane Morse, CUMC researchers. However, the majority of cases are idiopathic in origin (of unknown cause). Other forms of PAH can be triggered by autoimmune diseases, congenital heart defects, infections (such as schistosomiasis), and medications (such as the now-banned diet-drug combination commonly known as fen-Phen).

Dr. Chung and her colleagues discovered the new mutations by sequencing the exomes (the portion of the genome that codes information to make proteins) of families with PAH without identified mutations. KCNK3 mutations were found in 3.2 percent of those with familial disease and in 1.3 percent of those with idiopathic PAH.

The team found that the mutations alter the function of potassium channels by reducing the activity of these channels. Potassium channels help maintain the vascular tone of the pulmonary artery and help it respond to low levels of oxygen.

"We were surprised to learn that KCNK3 appears to play a role in the function of potassium channels in the pulmonary artery," said Dr. Chung. "No one had suspected that this mechanism might be associated with PAH." The other gene linked to the disorder, BMPR2, is thought to cause PAH by ultimately promoting growth and multiplication of smooth muscle cells in the pulmonary artery, thereby restricting blood flow.

Dr. Chung also found, working in collaboration with co-senior author, Robert S. Kass, PhD, the Alumni and David Hosack Professor of Pharmacology, chair of the department, and vice dean for research at CUMC, that the effects of the KCNK3 mutations could be reversed with an experimental phospholipase inhibitor called ONO-RS-082. The findings were made in cell cultures. Further study is needed to determine whether treatment with this or other drugs that affect potassium channels might be useful in the treatment of people with PAH, said Dr. Chung.

"KCNK3 mutations are a rare cause of PAH, so I don't want to oversell our findings," said Dr. Chung. "Still, it's exciting that we've found a mechanism that can lead to the disease that is a new, druggable target. It's also possible that targeting KCNK3 may be beneficial for patients who have PAH independent of their KCNK3 genetic status."

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New genetic cause of pulmonary hypertension identified

By Dennis Thompson HealthDay Reporter

WEDNESDAY, July 24 (HealthDay News) -- A disorder that affects connective tissue could provide vital clues to the genetic origin of nearly all human allergies and allergic diseases, say the authors of a new study of children.

People who have Loeys-Dietz syndrome tend to also suffer disproportionately from allergic diseases, researchers at Johns Hopkins Children's Center and the Johns Hopkins Institute of Genetic Medicine in Baltimore found when looking at a group of 58 children aged 7 to 20 who have the syndrome.

"We found that these patients had a very high risk of developing not just one allergy, but all forms of allergic disease," said study author and immunologist Dr. Pamela Frischmeyer-Guerrerio.

In their paper, published July 24 in Science Translational Medicine, the researchers contend that the genetic mutation that causes Loeys-Dietz syndrome appears to be closely tied to allergies -- so much so that it might explain why certain people suffer from allergic reactions.

However, other allergists are skeptical, saying the genetic link could just be a coincidence.

Loeys-Dietz syndrome is caused by the mutation of a gene called TGFb, and the researchers wondered if this mutation also might create a greater susceptibility to allergies and allergic diseases like eczema and asthma.

They found that the Loeys-Dietz syndrome patients had elevated levels of the signaling molecule produced by the gene, a protein called transforming growth factor-beta or TGF-beta.

TGF-beta serves many roles in the human body. It controls how cells grow in various organs, which is why mutation of the TGFb gene can lead to Loeys-Dietz syndrome, in which blood vessels develop into twisted shapes and physical abnormalities occur like cleft palate and clubfoot.

TGF-beta also is known to play a part in regulating the immune system, spurring the body to fight against foreign microbes while suppressing reactions against foreign bodies like food and pollen.

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Study of Genetic Condition May Yield Clues to Cause of Allergies

Nota a "Genetics", banda tributo a Genesis en Cool Parade con Marcos Mutuverría. 20/07

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Genetics of Disease Susceptibility
For any trait that there might need be a change made in, there has to be a phenotype collected. Without the phenotype there can #39;t be a genetic selection. Wat...

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Let #39;s Play The Sims 3 - Perfect Genetics Challenge - Episode 23
My Sims 3 Page: http://mypage.thesims3.com/mypage/Llandros2012 My Blog: http://Llandros09.blogspot.com My Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Llandros09?ref=tn_tnmn.

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Let's Play The Sims 3 - Perfect Genetics Challenge - Episode 23 - Video

Dr. Scott Tomlins, assistant professor of pathology and urology at the University of Michigan Medical School, is the winner of the inaugural Martin and Rose Wachtel Cancer Research Award, presented by the American Association for the Advancement of Science and Science Translational Medicine.

The award, which will be given annually, was funded by an endowment established through a bequest from Martin L. Wachtel. It honors an early career investigator who has performed outstanding work in the field of cancer research.

Tomlins research focuses on genetic mutations that occur in prostate cancer. As part of the Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, he has helped to develop clinical tests to detect a specific gene fusion that occurs in about half of all prostate cancers. This has advanced to a clinical trial testing the potential of targeting treatment to men with that gene fusion.

As part of his award, Tomlins will receive $25,000 and will present a lecture based on his research. An essay about his work is published in Science Translational Medicine.

The award, which will be given annually, was funded by an endowment established through a bequest from Martin L. Wachtel. It honors an early career investigator who has performed outstanding work in the field of cancer research.

Tomlins research focuses on genetic mutations that occur in prostate cancer. As part of the Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, he has helped to develop clinical tests to detect a specific gene fusion that occurs in about half of all prostate cancers. This has advanced to a clinical trial testing the potential of targeting treatment to men with that gene fusion.

As part of his award, Tomlins will receive $25,000 and will present a lecture based on his research. An essay about his work is published in Science Translational Medicine.

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ANN ARBOR: U-M professor wins cancer research award

Scientists mapped the step-by-step actions that lead to late-onset Alzheimers disease, research that may offer new paths to developing treatments for the ailment.

People who carried the APOE4 gene, known to increase the risk of acquiring Alzheimers later in life, without having the disease, experienced changes in the expression of genes in their brains that resembled those of Alzheimers patients, according to a study published today in the journal Nature.

The changes in gene expression may point to early markers of the disease, and may help develop drugs for Alzheimers, for which there is no treatment or cure. They also bolster the idea that Alzheimers disease alters the brain long before patients become forgetful, said Dean Hartley, the director of scientific initiatives for the Alzheimers Association, an advocacy organization in Chicago. He wasnt involved in the study.

We do need to understand more about the mechanisms involved in Alzheimers diseases initiation and progression, Hartley said in a telephone interview, noting there havent been any successful clinical trials for drugs that try to alter the diseases path. This paper is important because its trying to look at whats being affected. It may suggest targets or pathways to look for new drugs.

The research also suggests that doctors should look to treat patients before they become forgetful, Hartley said. Studies like this one may help identify places to intervene before symptoms appear, he said.

More than 5 million people in the U.S. have Alzheimers, the most common form of dementia, and the number may increase to as many as 16 million by 2050, according to the Alzheimers Association.

There has been growing interest among scientists in what happens in the brain before a patient is diagnosed with clinical Alzheimers. Todays study is meant to help understand those changes at the molecular and cellular levels, Asa Abeliovich, a study author and neuroscientist at Columbia University in New York, said in a telephone interview.

The APOE4 gene increases the risk of developing late-onset Alzheimers, the most common form of the disease, by 3 times for those who have one copy of the gene, and 10 times in those who have two. That gene was first identified in 1991.

While APOE4 raises the risk of getting Alzheimers, most people with the mutation dont develop dementia, Abeliovich said. That suggests some other factor may be required for Alzheimers to begin. The most important non-genetic risk factor for Alzheimers is age. Understanding how the cellular changes from APOE4 interact with other risk factors may explain why some people develop the disease while others dont.

The researchers found 215 genes worked differently in those who had APOE4. They looked most closely at two, which act on how the body processes amyloid precursor protein, which creates the characteristic Alzheimers protein, beta amyloid.

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Path of Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Gene Tracked, Scientists Say

KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia and ST. LOUIS, July 24, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- A multinational team of scientists from the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) and Orion Genomics today announced the publication of two papers in the journal Nature outlining the genome sequencing of the oil palm plant and the identification of a single gene, called Shell, that is responsible for increasing the plant's yield of oil by 30 percent. The fruit and seeds of the oil palm are the source of nearly one-half of the supply of edible vegetable oil worldwide and provide one of the most promising sources of biofuel. Scientists from the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), which sponsored the research, and Orion Genomics authored both papers.

"Malaysia is the second largest producer of palm oil in the world, and we are committed to investing in technologies, such as genomics, that increase the sustainability of oil palm cultivation," said Datuk Dr. Choo Yuen May, Director General of MPOB. "The Orion Genomics team was an important partner on this landmark achievement in genome mapping, which promises to help oil palm seed producers, large commercial plantations and small landholders alike increase the efficiency of their operations and reduce the oil palm agribusiness pressure on our wild rainforests."

The African and South American oil palm plants, Elaeis guineensis and Elaeis oleifera, respectively, are farmed in tropical regions throughout the globe to obtain palm oil. Together they account for 45 percent of the edible vegetable oil produced world-wide. The new research identified the gene Shell, which is responsible for the three known shell forms: dura (thick), pisifera (shell-less) and tenera (thin), a hybrid between dura and pisifera palms. Tenera palms contain two forms, or alleles, of Shellone mutant and one normal, an optimum combination that results in 30 percent more oil per land area than dura palms.

Currently, seed producers and commercial growers rely on selective breeding techniques to maximize plantings of tenera palms, but up to 10 percent of plantings may be the low-yielding dura form due to uncontrollable wind and insect pollination. Identifying whether an oil palm plantlet is the desired shell type can take six years, and, by that time, the trees cannot be uprooted. The identification of Shell has already enabled the development of a simple molecular screen that can be used with seeds and plantlets to prevent the cultivation of undesired non-tenera plants, thereby raising the efficiency of oil palm plantations.

"Orion's long-term collaboration with MPOB successfully combines Orion's genomics technologies with MPOB's significant expertise and germplasm resources, allowing the team to accomplish research breakthroughs like sequencing both oil palm species and discovering the commercially important genes," noted Nathan Lakey, President and CEO of Orion. "With the two publications in Nature, we are pleased to share this new knowledge and our methodologies with the scientific community, and we look forward to its further application literally in the field."

Of the crops currently grown to produce edible oil, the oil palm is by far the most efficient planted on only 5 percent of the world's total vegetable oil acreage, oil palm plants account for nearly 45 percent of the edible oil worldwide. In contrast, soybeans produce 27 percent of the world's edible oil, yet 41 percent of total crop acreage is dedicated to their cultivation.

In addition to its use as an important food oil, palm oil is already impacting biofuel markets and has strong potential to grow. Its energy balance is among the best in the biofuel industry, yielding about nine times the energy required to produce it.

"Because this discovery will help raise efficiency of oil palm agriculture among corporate and small growers alike, it will have a significant impact on the Malaysian economy, because for every 1 percent increase in palm oil yields, Malaysia gains RM 1 billion ($330 million US) in income. This helps Malaysia further strengthen its middle class and decrease the gap between the wealthy and the poor," continued Dr. Choo Yuen May.

Nature Papers

Rajinder Singh, et. al.,"The oil palm Shell gene controls oil yield and encodes a homologue of SEEDSTICK," Nature (DOI 10.1038/nature12356), Coauthors include investigators from MPOB, Orion Genomics and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.

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Research Published in Nature Sequences Oil Palm Genome and Identifies Gene Critical for Yield of Palm Oil, Major ...