Archive for the ‘Gene Therapy Research’ Category

Cell Therapy Brunch -Dina Ferchmin

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Cell Therapy Brunch -Dr. March

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July 15, 2013 Scientists led by Drs. Mona Gauthier and Tak Mak at The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre have solved a key piece in the puzzle of how BRCA1 gene mutations specifically predispose women to breast and ovarian cancers.

The answer, says Dr. Mak in research published today in the Journal of Experimental Medicine, is found in the way estrogen rushes in to "rescue" cells whose healthy functioning has been altered by oxidative stress, a well-established factor in cancer development. Without estrogen, these damaged cells would die a natural death and not threaten the host in the long run, but with estrogen, these cells not only survive, but thrive and develop breast and ovarian cancers. In Canada, about 1,000 women die from BRCA1-related cancers every year.

The research published today illuminates the interplay between the tumour suppressor gene BRCA1 and a master regulator -- Nrf2 -- that governs the antioxidant response in cells. In healthy cells of all tissues, BRCA1 normally repairs damaged DNA in partnership with Nrf2, and so the cells are protected against oxidative stress. However, when the BRCA1 gene is mutated, it loses its ability to repair DNA and can no longer partner with Nrf2, shutting off its antioxidative function. In most tissues, the resulting oxidative stress kills the cells that have lost BRCA1 function. However, in breast and ovary, the estrogen present in these tissues can swoop in to rescue BRCA1-deficient cells by triggering a partial turn-on of Nrf2. These unhealthy cells gain just enough resistance to oxidative stress to keep them alive and growing. Over time, these surviving BRCA1-deficient cells accumulate more and more mutations due to their lack of ability to repair DNA damage, eventually leading to the development of cancer in these tissues.

Dr. Mak likens the actions of Nrf2 to a ceiling sprinkler that puts out visible flames (oxidative stress) but doesn't reach the smoldering fire -- cell damage -- below.

He says: "Our research confirms that anti-estrogens can delay the onset of breast and ovarian cancers in carriers of BRCA1 mutations. Thus, the challenge is finding a way to block the antioxidant activity of estrogen without affecting its other activities that are necessary for female health. Modification of this one aspect of estrogen function would disrupt this significant cancer-initiating process while maintaining the positive effects of this hormone."

Dr. Gauthier and Dr. Mak discovered this critical interaction between BRCA1, Nrf2 and estrogen in initiating women's cancers by making use of genetically engineered mice. By examining the links between BRCA1 and oxidative stress in these mutant animals as well as in normal breast cells and breast tumours, they were able to generate results that finally explain why loss of a tumour suppressor gene normally active in all tissues leads only to breast and ovarian cancers. The missing piece of the puzzle was estrogen and its unexpected effects on the antioxidant regulation mediated by Nrf2.

The research published today was funded by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-term Care, and The Princess Margaret Cancer Foundation.

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Cancer researchers discover how BRCA mutation starts breast, ovarian cancers

Scientists at the National Cancer Institute have produced the largest database of cancer-related gene variations, a feat that will aid research efforts in developing medicines that target the disease more precisely.

The work generated six billion data points that tie hundreds of existing and experimental cancer medicines to gene variations that may be used to better understand drug response, the institute said today in a statement. The scientists sequenced DNA from the human genome across 60 different cell lines involved in nine types of cancer.

The data, to be available to any researcher, can help scientists understand the ways gene mutations determine response or resistance to treatment, the NCI said. By making the database public, the cancer research community will be better equipped to understand the genetic aberrations that allow tumors to form, said Yves Pommier, chief of the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology at the Bethesda, Maryland-based NCI.

This is the first time the whole exome, all the coding genes of cancer cells, have been sequenced from mutation in relation to drug connectivity, Pommier said in a telephone interview.

The database contains 20,000 compounds that may one day be used to treat cancer, including all of the anti-cancer drugs already approved by the FDA, Pommier said in an interview about the data, which was published today in Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

Information collected from 60 isolated cell lines comprise what is known as the NCI-60, the source of the data released today. The NCI-60 panel contains information about cancer-related genetic variations in the breast, ovary, prostate, colon, lung, kidney, brain, blood and skin.

To contact the reporter on this story: Samuel Adams in New York at sadams69@bloomberg.net

To contact the editor responsible for this story: Reg Gale at rgale5@bloomberg.net

Universal Images Group via Getty Images

A breast cancer cell is seen photographed by a scanning electron microscope.

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Cancer-Linked Genes Collected in Largest-Ever Database

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Public release date: 15-Jul-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Jane Finlayson jane.finlayson@uhn.ca 416-946-2846 University Health Network

(TORONTO, Canada July 15, 2013) Scientists led by Drs. Mona Gauthier and Tak Mak at The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre have solved a key piece in the puzzle of how BRCA1 gene mutations specifically predispose women to breast and ovarian cancers.

The answer, says Dr. Mak in research published today in the Journal of Experimental Medicine, is found in the way estrogen rushes in to "rescue" cells whose healthy functioning has been altered by oxidative stress, a well-established factor in cancer development. Without estrogen, these damaged cells would die a natural death and not threaten the host in the long run, but with estrogen, these cells not only survive, but thrive and develop breast and ovarian cancers. In Canada, about 1,000 women die from BRCA1-related cancers every year.

The research published today illuminates the interplay between the tumour suppressor gene BRCA1 and a master regulator Nrf2 that governs the antioxidant response in cells. In healthy cells of all tissues, BRCA1 normally repairs damaged DNA in partnership with Nrf2, and so the cells are protected against oxidative stress. However, when the BRCA1 gene is mutated, it loses its ability to repair DNA and can no longer partner with Nrf2, shutting off its antioxidative function. In most tissues, the resulting oxidative stress kills the cells that have lost BRCA1 function. However, in breast and ovary, the estrogen present in these tissues can swoop in to rescue BRCA1-deficient cells by triggering a partial turn-on of Nrf2. These unhealthy cells gain just enough resistance to oxidative stress to keep them alive and growing. Over time, these surviving BRCA1-deficient cells accumulate more and more mutations due to their lack of ability to repair DNA damage, eventually leading to the development of cancer in these tissues.

Dr. Mak likens the actions of Nrf2 to a ceiling sprinkler that puts out visible flames (oxidative stress) but doesn't reach the smoldering fire cell damage below.

He says: "Our research confirms that anti-estrogens can delay the onset of breast and ovarian cancers in carriers of BRCA1 mutations. Thus, the challenge is finding a way to block the antioxidant activity of estrogen without affecting its other activities that are necessary for female health. Modification of this one aspect of estrogen function would disrupt this significant cancer-initiating process while maintaining the positive effects of this hormone."

Dr. Gauthier and Dr. Mak discovered this critical interaction between BRCA1, Nrf2 and estrogen in initiating women's cancers by making use of genetically engineered mice. By examining the links between BRCA1 and oxidative stress in these mutant animals as well as in normal breast cells and breast tumours, they were able to generate results that finally explain why loss of a tumour suppressor gene normally active in all tissues leads only to breast and ovarian cancers. The missing piece of the puzzle was estrogen and its unexpected effects on the antioxidant regulation mediated by Nrf2.

Dr. Mak, Director of The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, is an internationally acclaimed immunologist renowned for his 1984 cloning of the genes encoding the human T cell receptor. He is also Professor, University of Toronto, in the Departments of Medical Biophysics and Immunology.

###

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Cancer researchers discover how BRCA1 mutation starts breast, ovarian cancers

Featured Article Academic Journal Main Category: Women's Health / Gynecology Article Date: 15 Jul 2013 - 1:00 PDT

Current ratings for: World-First Estrogen Defect Discovery In Woman Without Breasts Or Menstrual Periods

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A genetic receptor mutation that blocks the action of estrogen has been discovered for the first time in a female, according to a report published in the New England Journal of Medicine.

The 18-year-old woman was showing classic symptoms of having lower estrogen levels than normal after experiencing no breast development or menstruation. But researchers at Augusta's Medical College of Georgia found that the female had extremely high levels of estrogen in her blood.

Dr. Lawrence Layman, head of reproductive endocrinology, infertility and genetics at the medical school, said: "Her body totally ignores estrogen. Even at levels that are 10 to 15 times normal, it has no effect."

Dr. Layman adds that in laboratory studies, it took 240 times the normal level of estrogen to gain a response from the woman's receptor.

There are two types of estrogen receptor that have been confirmed by research, the authors point out: estrogen receptor-alpha, and estrogen receptor-beta.

Genetic testing revealed that this woman had a mutation in estrogen receptor-alpha, the type essential for bone health and reproduction, the researchers say. They add that the estrogen levels in her blood were as low as those seen in research mice whose receptor-alpha genes have been removed.

The researchers explain that the woman's defected estrogen receptor is "unable to use the estrogen within her body, control how much of it is made or control its result." They explain that the woman had cystic ovaries because her body was in continual production of follicles, when usually the body provides just one a month as part of the menstrual cycle.

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World-First Estrogen Defect Discovery In Woman Without Breasts Or Menstrual Periods

Newswise MAYWOOD, Il. Several companies sell genetic testing directly to consumers, but little research has been done on how consumers experience such tests. The tests have raised questions about the validity and accuracy of the information provided to consumers especially without the involvement of a qualified health care professional.

Now, a study lead by a Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine researcher is providing insight into how a diverse sample of primary care patients experience genetic testing.

Lead researcher Katherine Wasson, PhD, MPH, and colleagues conducted in-depth interviews with 20 patients recruited from primary care clinics. Among the findings, published online ahead of print in the Journal of Community Genetics:

- Most participants thought results were fairly easy to understand with the help of a genetic counselor (provided by the study, not the testing company). But fewer than half said they might be able to understand results on their own.

- Most participants expressed no concern or hesitation about testing. But a few worried about confidentiality especially whether results could affect their health insurance coverage. A few also expressed fears about getting bad results. As one participant explained, I mean, you want to know, but then you dont want to know.

- Participants gave several reasons why they decided to undergo testing. Most simply said they were curious. I dont have a scientific background, so a lot of it is just fascinating to see how all of that can spin out, one participant said. Many also said test results would provide knowledge they could act on, and help them prepare for the future. Said one: If you know that theres something going on you can go ahead and fix it now and not have to try to fix it later when its already unfixable. A few participants wanted to help their families or the next generation, or more broadly, contribute to research and medical science.

- Most participants were pleased with results of the tests, mainly because they had not received bad news, despite the uncertainty of the results. This makes me feel great, said one such participant. I know Ill be around at least another year or two.

- About half the participants said they had made no changes in response to results, mainly because there was nothing on which to act. But among a few participants, receiving low-risk results was a motivating factor to improve their health behavior, mainly through more exercise and a better diet.

- One year after testing, most participants said they would take the test again, and recommend it to others. Its as if you stepped into a time capsule and you went ahead in time and you can see something, one participant said.

Patients were interviewed individually four times: during an initial session in which a saliva sample was given; 4 to 6 weeks later, when they received results; 3 months after receiving results; and 12 months after receiving results. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim.

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Study Reveals How Patients Experience Direct-to-Consumer Tests

Public release date: 15-Jul-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Jeremy Moore jeremy.moore@aacr.org 215-446-7109 American Association for Cancer Research

PHILADELPHIA Scientists at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) have generated a data set of cancer-specific genetic variations and are making these data available to the research community, according to a study published in Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

This will help cancer researchers better understand drug response and resistance to cancer treatments.

"To date, this is the largest database worldwide, containing 6 billion data points that connect drugs with genomic variants for the whole human genome across cell lines from nine tissues of origin, including breast, ovary, prostate, colon, lung, kidney, brain, blood and skin," said Yves Pommier, M.D., Ph.D., chief of the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology at the NCI in Bethesda, Md., in an interview. "We are making this data set public for the greater community to use and analyze.

"Opening this extensive data set to researchers will expand our knowledge and understanding of tumorigenesis [the process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer], as more and more cancer-related gene aberrations are discovered," Pommier added. "This comes at a great time, because genomic medicine is becoming a reality, and I am very hopeful this valuable information will change the way we use drugs for precision medicine."

Pommier and colleagues conducted whole-exome sequencing of the NCI-60 human cancer cell line panel, which is a collection of 60 human cancer cell lines, and generated a comprehensive list of cancer-specific genetic variations. Preliminary studies conducted by the researchers indicate that the extensive data set has the potential to dramatically enhance understanding of the relationships between specific cancer-related genetic variations and drug response, which will accelerate the drug development process.

The NCI-60 human cancer cell line panel is used extensively by cancer researchers to discover novel anti-cancer drugs. To conduct whole-exome sequencing, Pommier and his NCI team extracted DNA from the 60 different cell lines, which represent cancers of the lung, colon, brain, ovary, breast, prostate and kidney, as well as leukemia and melanoma, and cataloged the genetic coding variants for the entire human genome. The genetic variations identified were of two types: type I variants corresponding to variants found in the normal population, and type II variants, which are cancer-specific.

The researchers then used the Super Learner algorithm to predict the sensitivity of cells harboring type II variants to 103 anti-cancer drugs approved by the FDA and an additional 207 investigational new drugs. They were able to study the correlations between key cancer-related genes and clinically relevant anti-cancer drugs, and predict the outcome.

The data generated in this study provide means to identify new determinants of response and mechanisms of resistance to drugs, and offer opportunities to target genomic defects and overcome acquired resistance, according to Pommier. To enable this, the researchers are making these data available to all researchers via two database portals, called the CellMiner database and the Ingenuity systems database.

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Scientists at NCI generate largest data set of cancer-related genetic variations

Genetic mapping and testing have long been hailed as the future of preventative medicine, but the Royal College of Pathologists is warning Australians should be cautious about embracing it too quickly.

Genome mapping advances are on the agenda of the health informatics conference being held in Adelaide, with discussion focused on how technology can improve healthcare.

Katerina Andronis of the Health Informatics Society of Australia said efficiencies were possible.

"We need to use technology to enable the more efficient way of managing our patients," she said.

Professor William Dalton of M2Gen said people's DNA profiles should be held in a national database in conjunction with facts about their medical history and lifestyle.

"It's not just knowing the genome, it's putting it in the context of the system," he said.

"We can predict how a patient may develop a disease or respond to therapy."

National framework needed

Professor Graeme Suthers Royal College of Pathologists agreed a DNA test might soon hold the key to revolutionising patient care.

"The ability to sequence the entire human genome, an individual's entire genetic code, is now literally within our grasp," he said.

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Caution urged as DNA tests and genetic mapping advance

Iranian people are not arabs - Population genetics finally proves this genetically.
Throughout the years, Iranian people have always been thought to be totally mixed (genetically) with arabs from arabian penisula, turks and mongols. This fal...

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Iranian people are not arabs - Population genetics finally proves this genetically. - Video

WOBURN, Mass.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--

Modular Genetics, Inc. (Modular) is a sustainable chemistry company utilizing advanced technology in synthetic biology to produce specialty chemicals that are cost competitive, provide superior performance and are environmentally friendly.

Modulars lead product is a patented green surfactant called acyl glutamate initially targeted to the personal care market (http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110328005193/en/Modular-Genetics-Issued-Notice-Allowance-Patent-Application). Modular produces this surfactant by fermentation using a microorganism developed using Modulars synthetic biology technology. A key goal for the company is to demonstrate that synthetic biology can be used to produce additional new surfactants, beyond acyl glutamate. Modular has successfully completed Phase I of a project funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1248115&HistoricalAwards=false). The goals of the project were: to demonstrate bio-production of an acyl glycinate surfactant, to demonstrate Modulars proprietary green purification method can be used to purify the surfactant, and to ship a sample of the surfactant to a customer for evaluation. Modular produced and purified the glycinate, and colleagues at Unilever confirmed the identity of the glycinate, and confirmed that it has been purified to high level of purity.

Dr. K.P. Ananthapadmanabhan, Sr. Principal Research Scientist at Unilever, offers this perspective: Recently Unilever set itself an ambitious agenda of doubling its business whilst reducing the environmental impact on several indicators such as Water, Greenhouse Gases and Waste. Unilever has taken a holistic approach in achieving this goal by not only investing in efficient and environmentally friendly processes, choice of raw materials, new technologies, etc, but also by educating consumers about the multiple benefits of using new, effective and environmentally friendly product ingredients. More information on Unilever's sustainability initiatives can be found in our website: http://www.sustainable-living.unilever.com/

Consistent with our mission, Unilever R&D has been proactive in reaching out to suppliers, manufacturers, and start-ups that can make materials like glycinate-based amino-acid surfactants through green processes, for these are important ingredients in many of our products. In particular, Modulars approach of using engineered microorganisms to convert underutilized agricultural material into useful chemical products through microbial fermentation has enormous potential in addressing our future needs. We currently use Glycinate surfactant synthesized by conventional processes in personal care applications, because of its ability to provide higher order skin benefits. Use of Glycinate synthesized by microbial fermentation represents a significant advance towards our sustainability goals.

Brent Erickson, Executive Vice President, Industrial and Environmental Section, the Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO), offers this perspective: The chemical industry manufactures 70,000 different products. Most of these products are manufactured using synthetic chemistry to convert petroleum into chemicals. If biotechnology is going to revolutionize the chemical industry, we need to demonstrate how synthetic biology can be used to convert agricultural feedstocks into a wide range of biobased products. Modulars production of a second bio-surfactant should provide confidence that further investment in the industrial biotech sector will accelerate the rate of innovation and creation of new bio-derived products. In addition, McKinsey Consulting estimates that 50,000 organic chemicals produced from petroleum can be made from renewable feedstocks, over a $1 trillion market.

About Modular

Modular (www.modulargenetics.com) is applying its proprietary advanced technology in synthetic biology to produce products that are cost competitive, provide superior performance and are environmentally friendly. Based in Woburn, MA, Modular is a privately-held company.

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Modular Genetics Demonstrates Production of Bio-Derived Glycinate, an Ultra-Mild Surfactant

SEATTLE, WA--(Marketwired - Jul 15, 2013) - Atossa Genetics, Inc. (NASDAQ: ATOS), The Breast Health Company, announced today that the Company has been added to the Russell Microcap Index.

The Russell Microcap Index measures the performance of the microcap segment of the U.S. equity market. Microcap stocks consist of the smallest 1,000 securities in the small-cap Russell 2000 Index, plus the next 1,000 eligible securities, based on a ranking of all U.S. equities by market capitalization. Membership in the Russell Microcap Index, which remains in place for one year, means automatic inclusion in the appropriate growth and value style indexes.

Kyle Guse, CFO and General Counsel, stated, "Our addition to the Russell Microcap Index is a testament to the value we have created for our shareholders and the significant upside potential of our ForeCYTE Breast Health Test and other products and services aimed at preventing breast cancer. We hope that addition to the Russell Microcap Index will provide enhanced visibility for the Company."

About Atossa Genetics, Inc.

Atossa Genetics, Inc. (NASDAQ: ATOS), The Breast Health Company, based in Seattle, WA, is focused on preventing breast cancer through the commercialization of patented, FDA-designated Class II diagnostic medical devices and, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, The National Reference Laboratory for Breast Health, Inc. (NRLBH), patented, laboratory developed tests (LDT) that can detect precursors to breast cancer up to eight years before mammography.

The NRLBH is a CLIA-certified high-complexity molecular diagnostic laboratory located in Seattle, Washington.

For additional information on Atossa, please visit http://www.atossagenetics.com. For additional information on the ForeCYTE test and the National Reference Laboratory for Breast Health, please visit http://www.nrlbh.com.

Forward-Looking Statements

Forward-looking statements in this press release are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated or estimated future results, including the risks and uncertainties associated with actions by the FDA, regulatory clearances, responses to regulatory matters, Atossa's ability to continue to manufacture and sell its products, the efficacy of Atossa's products and services, the market demand for and acceptance of Atossa's products and services, performance of distributors and other risks detailed from time to time in Atossa's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including without limitation its registration statement on Form S-1 filed April 5, 2013, and periodic reports on Form 10-K and 10-Q, each as amended and supplemented from time to time.

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Atossa Genetics Added to Russell Microcap Index

Featured Article Academic Journal Main Category: HIV / AIDS Also Included In: Clinical Trials / Drug Trials Article Date: 16 Jul 2013 - 0:00 PDT Ad For Health Professionals

Current ratings for: HIV Virus Used As Vector To Get Gene Therapy Into Six Children

2 (1 votes)

The HIV Virus can be used to treat two severe genetic diseases, according to two studies published in the journal Science.

Researchers from the San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET) in Milan, Italy, have revealed that the HIV virus can be used to treat metachromatic leukodystrophy, a disease impairing the fatty covering that acts as an insulator around nerve fibers and Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome, an immune system deficiency reducing the ability to form blood clots.

The researchers say that the origin of both these diseases is a genetic defect that results in the deficiency of a protein essential in the early years of life. The HIV therapy technique, called lentiviral hematopietic stem cell gene therapy, involves withdrawing hematopoietic stem cells - cells isolated from the bone marrow that can renew themselves - from the bone marrow of the patients.

The patients are then given a corrected copy of the defected gene using viral vectors derived from HIV. A viral vector is a tool that enables the transfer of genetic material into cells. Once this process is complete, the treated cells are able to restore the missing proteins to the key organs, researchers say.

The results of the study revealed that six children from all over the world have received this treatment over the last three years, and are "well and show significant benefits."

Alessandro Aiuti, head of research of the pediatric clinic at TIGET, explains:

"In patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, blood cells are directly affected by the disease and the corrected stem cells replace the diseased cells creating a properly functioning immune system and normal platelets. Thanks to gene therapy, the children no longer have to face severe bleeding and infection. They can run, play and go to school.

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HIV Virus Used As Vector To Get Gene Therapy Into Six Children

Nina Warnell was born with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome Her body is unable to fight even mild germs meaning a cold could kill her Her parents are forced to disinfect their house 2 or 3 times a day Nine was offered a bone marrow transplant but no donor could be found Great Ormond Street Hospital is now treating her with pioneering therapy Involves re-engineering her bone marrow to add a vital missing gene They hope this will allow her to develop her own immune system

By Emma Innes

PUBLISHED: 06:05 EST, 15 July 2013 | UPDATED: 09:14 EST, 15 July 2013

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A baby born without an immune system is trialling a world-first gene therapy cure to re-boot her bodys defence systems and give her the chance of life outside a sterilised environment.

Seventeen-month-old Nina Warnell suffers from Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome (SCID) - an inherited condition known as bubble baby syndrome - which affects just one in 300,000 babies.

She has all the appearance of a healthy child but her body is unable to fight even the mildest germs - meaning even a cough or sneeze could kill her.

Nina Warnell, 17-months-old, was born with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome which means her body is unable to fight germs

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Baby born without an immune system given world-first gene therapy in the hope it will 're-boot' her body's defences

Life stem cell therapy Purtier
9 years old girl benefited from deer placenta.

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Life stem cell therapy Purtier - Video

Goodie Mob - Cell Therapy (Roland TD-12 Drum Cover)

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Goodie Mob - Cell Therapy (Roland TD-12 Drum Cover) - Video

[NewsLife] Daily Dose: White blood cell therapy
NewsLife - Daily Dose: White blood cell therapy (Reported By: Jackie Say) - [July 11, 2013] For more news, visit: #9659;http://www.ptvnews.ph Download our mobile ...

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[NewsLife] Daily Dose: White blood cell therapy - Video

Cell Therapy Brunch -Dr Van Natta

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Genetic Engineering Karen
Speech class.

By: karen lehmiller

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Genetic Engineering Karen - Video

Seventy percent of items in American grocery stores contain genetically modified organisms (GMOs) ingredients that have been scientifically engineered in laboratories to enhance certain traits such as insect, disease and water resistance.

Genetic engineering is a recent technique that involves being able to take genetic material from one organism and put it into another when the two wouldnt normally be cross-compatible, said Margaret Smith, associate director for the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station.

There are four major genetically modified crops: corn, soy bean, cotton and canola. According to Smith, this type of technology can be useful.

We're facing increasing stresses from more erratic weather and new and different pests that move in, Smith said. I think in that regard we're going to need every possible tool we can get to help make our crops as productive as they possibly can be.

GMOs have only been on the market since 1995, but theyve recently sparked a national debate over the potential impact they could have on the environment and our health.

Dr. Michael Wald, of Integrated Medicine of Mount Kisco in New York, said more research needs to be done in order to prove that genetically engineered foods are safe to eat.

The studies that have been done on different animals and also reports from farmers seem to suggest health issues, including intestinal problems, inflammation of the colonand problems with the kidneys, the liver, the lungs, Wald said.

Smith also agreed that research is key when it comes to assessing the safety of GMOs.

None of the products out there have shown any evidence, over the 15 plus years theyve been (on the) market, of human health concerns, Smith said. So, I find that reassuring in terms of food safety. That doesnt say that new products shouldnt be looked at very carefully.

The Food and Drug Administration has approved over 40 seeds and plants for genetic modifications but the agency leaves the safety assessments up to the companies. However, more and more Americans are asking for GMO products to be labeled - and for the right to know what exactly they are eating.

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GMO Safety Debated

Gregor Mendel - Mini Biography
Watch a short biography video of Gregor Mendel, best known as "The Father of Modern Genetics." Learn more about Gregor Mandel: http://bit.ly/14E19iS Watch mo...

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Hard Work VS Genetics - Which One Wins?
http://www.IllPumpYouUp.com Tim Muriello, Competitive Bodybuilder and Fitness and Supplement Expert for I #39;llPumpYouUp.com, brings up a very debatable question...Har...

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Hard Work VS Genetics - Which One Wins? - Video

Shardul Trivedi MSc Prenatal Genetics and Fetal Medicine
For more information please visit: http://www.instituteforwomenshealth.ucl.ac.uk/

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X-47B Completes First Carrier-based Arrested Landing
The X-47B Unmanned Combat Air System (UCAS) demonstrator completed its first carrier-based arrested landing on board USS George H.W. Bush (CVN 77) off the co...

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