Archive for the ‘Life Extension’ Category

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The complete paper describes an operators experience in confirming glass fiber-reinforced epoxy (GRE) as an effective alternative to high-grade corrosion-resistant alloys (CRA) to extend tubing life in high-velocity gas wells. Laboratory testing and applications in several fields, both on and offshore, and in oil-production and water-injection wells and surface-gathering lines, demonstrate that, when used within the operating limits, GRE can extend tubing life and provide life-cycle cost savings.

The material has been intensively tested in the past to determine characteristics and capabilities. Mechanical properties, fatigue resistance, chemical compatibilities, connection properties, and abrasion trials have been proved by specific laboratory tests and field trials, demonstrating that GRE can be applied inside production tubing strings. API RP15CLT, first issued in 2007, provides guidelines for the design, manufacture, qualification, and application of composite-lined carbon-steel downhole tubing in the handling and transport of multiphase fluids, hydrocarbon gases, hydrocarbon liquids, and water.

Carbon steel guarantees the systems mechanical resistance, and the internal GRE liner ensures corrosion resistance. GRE provides outstanding corrosion resistance, even in very aggressive environments.

For oil-well applications, the system consists of a GRE resin composite liner inserted inside a low-alloy carbon steel tubing with a cement grout (Fig. 1). The grout transfers pressure directly to the steel tubing even if there is little or no bonding between liner, grout, and metal.

The end of the liner is protected from mechanical damage by a GRE end cap (flare) or a T-end flange. A polymeric corrosion barrier ring usually provides the continuity of the corrosion barrier across the coupling between two adjacent flares. The lining is lightweight, adding no more than 13% of the weight of the steel pipes and eliminating the need for additional lifting equipment.

The operator has been involved in the development of deepwater gas fields with high production rates and sour environments. On the basis of corrosion assessments performed on actual field conditions, CRA (high nickel content) material was selected as most suitable for the production tubing string. Following positive experiences with the installation of GRE, the company decided to evaluate its performance in potentially high-erosion conditions, aiming to find an alternative material to high-grade CRA for installation in high-velocity gas wells that would reduce cost and delivery time. The GRE liner was selected as a cost-effective alternative to high-alloy materials starting from 2005, when GRE was successful in reducing onshore workover costs and extending the life of carbon-steel tubing in oil producer wells with high carbon dioxide and water cut, to recent installations offshore Norway in water injection wells with highly corrosive injection fluids.

The complete paper summarizes the testing and application range of GRE in corrosive environments and, through collaboration with the Polytechnic University of Milan, high-flow, direct-impact erosion testing using a continuous flow loop and a nozzle-directed solids-impingement-testing system.

The direct-impact test confirmed that GRE shows a high resistance to erosion at high velocities and solids loadings. As a reference, similar tests were performed on nickel alloy 625 material (same sand size, jet velocity, time and 90 impact angle), and provided values very close to those obtained for the GRE composites. Results could be considered comparable to those obtained on the experimental analysis performed by the Polytechnic University of Milan.

Visual inspection of the internal surface of the GRE coating following the straight pipe flow-loop erosion revealed no sign of erosion. Similarly, the thickness of the GRE coating remained unchanged, further confirming the absence of measurable or detectable mass removal.

The GRE liner has been successfully applied in several fields, onshore and offshore, as tubing corrosion protection in oil-production wells, water-injection wells, and surface flowlines. The complete paper summarizes field applications in north Africa, northeast Africa, the Middle East, and the Barents Sea (Fig. 2). The feedback from the field cases confirmed that, when used within the operating limits, the GRE material represents a valid option for life extension and lifecycle cost savings.

Economic analyses comparing GRE liners with carbon steel and CRA for water-injection and oil-production wells in onshore and offshore conditions reveal that GRE cost is more than double that of the tubing in bare carbon steel. However, alternative CRAs, which have sometimes been considered, have proved more expensive than the one used in this paper.

Original post:
Glass-Reinforced Epoxy Effective Alternative to Alloys in Gas Wells - Journal of Petroleum Technology

Due to the pandemic, we have included a special section on the Impact of COVID 19 on the Black Cumin Seed OilMarket which would mention How the Covid-19 is Affecting the Industry, Market Trends and Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape, Key Regions and Proposal for Black Cumin Seed Oil Market Players to battle Covid-19 Impact.

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Regions Covered in the Global Black Cumin Seed Oil Market: The Middle East and Africa (GCC Countries and Egypt) North America (the United States, Mexico, and Canada) South America (Brazil etc.) Europe (Turkey, Germany, Russia UK, Italy, France, etc.) Asia-Pacific (Vietnam, China, Malaysia, Japan, Philippines, Korea, Thailand, India, Indonesia, and Australia)

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Black Cumin Seed Oil Market 2026 Expected to reach Highest CAGR including major key players Henry Lamotte OILS GmbH, FLAVEX Naturextrakte GmbH, Henry...

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By ApplicationNatural, Vegetarian, Gluten-Free, Organic, Vegan

By TypeCapsules, Tablets, Powders, Caplets, Drops

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Table of Content

Chapter One: Industry Overview

Chapter Two: Major Segmentation (Classification, Application and etc.) Analysis

Chapter Three: Production Market Analysis

Chapter Four: Sales Market Analysis

Chapter Five: Consumption Market Analysis

Chapter Six: Production, Sales and Consumption Market Comparison Analysis

Chapter Seven: Major Manufacturers Production and Sales Market Comparison Analysis

Chapter Eight: Competition Analysis by Players

Chapter Nine: Marketing Channel Analysis

Chapter Ten: New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis

Chapter Eleven: Manufacturing Cost Analysis

Chapter Twelve: Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers

List of Table and Figure

Figure Product PictureTable 2014-2019 Major Types Market Sales Volume And Market ShareFigure 2014-2019 Sales Volume And Growth RateFigure 2014-2019 Sales Volume And Growth RateFigure 2014-2019 Sales Volume And Growth RateFigure 2014-2019 Sales Volume And Growth RateFigure 2014-2019 Sales Volume And Growth RateFigure 2014-2019 Sales Volume And Growth RateFigure 2014-2019 Sales Volume And Growth RateFigure 2014-2019 Sales Volume And Growth RateFigure 2014-2019 Sales Volume And Growth RateTable 2014-2019 Capacity, Production, Capacity Utilization Rate, Ex-Factory Price, Revenue, Cost, Gross And Gross MarginFigure 2014-2019 Capacity, Production And Growth RateFigure 2014-2019 Capacity, Production And Capacity Utilization Rate continued

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Appetite Control and Suppressants Market 2020 Size, Share, Business Overview, Trends and Forecast to 2025 - Cole of Duty

The market research report published by QYResearch is a brilliant, in-depth, complete, and much-needed resource for companies, stakeholders, and investors interested in the global Withania Somnifera Extract market. It informs readers about key trends and opportunities in the global Withania Somnifera Extract market along with critical market dynamics expected to impact the global market growth. It offers a range of market analysis studies, including production and consumption, sales, industry value chain, competitive landscape, regional growth, and price. On the whole, it comes out as an intelligent resource that companies can use to gain a competitive advantage in the global Withania Somnifera Extract market.

Key companies operating in the global Withania Somnifera Extract market include , Life Extension, Taos Herb Company, General Nutrition Centers, Jarrow Formulas, Huge Mountain, Organic India, The Vitamin Shoppe, NOW Foods, Solgar, Piping Rock, Swanson

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Segmental Analysis

Both developed and emerging regions are deeply studied by the authors of the report. The regional analysis section of the report offers a comprehensive analysis of the global Withania Somnifera Extract market on the basis of region. Each region is exhaustively researched about so that players can use the analysis to tap into unexplored markets and plan powerful strategies to gain a foothold in lucrative markets.

Global Withania Somnifera Extract Market Segment By Type:

, Capsule, Liquid

Global Withania Somnifera Extract Market Segment By Application:

, Health Products, Drug

Competitive Landscape

Competitor analysis is one of the best sections of the report that compares the progress of leading players based on crucial parameters, including market share, new developments, global reach, local competition, price, and production. From the nature of competition to future changes in the vendor landscape, the report provides in-depth analysis of the competition in the global Withania Somnifera Extract market.

Key companies operating in the global Withania Somnifera Extract market include , Life Extension, Taos Herb Company, General Nutrition Centers, Jarrow Formulas, Huge Mountain, Organic India, The Vitamin Shoppe, NOW Foods, Solgar, Piping Rock, Swanson

Key questions answered in the report:

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TOC

1 Withania Somnifera Extract Market Overview1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Withania Somnifera Extract1.2 Withania Somnifera Extract Segment by Type1.2.1 Global Withania Somnifera Extract Sales Growth Rate Comparison by Type (2021-2026)1.2.2 Capsule1.2.3 Liquid1.3 Withania Somnifera Extract Segment by Application1.3.1 Withania Somnifera Extract Sales Comparison by Application: 2020 VS 20261.3.2 Health Products1.3.3 Drug1.4 Global Withania Somnifera Extract Market Size Estimates and Forecasts1.4.1 Global Withania Somnifera Extract Revenue 2015-20261.4.2 Global Withania Somnifera Extract Sales 2015-20261.4.3 Withania Somnifera Extract Market Size by Region: 2020 Versus 2026 2 Global Withania Somnifera Extract Market Competition by Manufacturers2.1 Global Withania Somnifera Extract Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)2.2 Global Withania Somnifera Extract Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)2.3 Global Withania Somnifera Extract Average Price by Manufacturers (2015-2020)2.4 Manufacturers Withania Somnifera Extract Manufacturing Sites, Area Served, Product Type2.5 Withania Somnifera Extract Market Competitive Situation and Trends2.5.1 Withania Somnifera Extract Market Concentration Rate2.5.2 Global Top 5 and Top 10 Players Market Share by Revenue2.5.3 Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)2.6 Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans2.7 Primary Interviews with Key Withania Somnifera Extract Players (Opinion Leaders) 3 Withania Somnifera Extract Retrospective Market Scenario by Region3.1 Global Withania Somnifera Extract Retrospective Market Scenario in Sales by Region: 2015-20203.2 Global Withania Somnifera Extract Retrospective Market Scenario in Revenue by Region: 2015-20203.3 North America Withania Somnifera Extract Market Facts & Figures by Country3.3.1 North America Withania Somnifera Extract Sales by Country3.3.2 North America Withania Somnifera Extract Sales by Country3.3.3 U.S.3.3.4 Canada3.4 Europe Withania Somnifera Extract Market Facts & Figures by Country3.4.1 Europe Withania Somnifera Extract Sales by Country3.4.2 Europe Withania Somnifera Extract Sales by Country3.4.3 Germany3.4.4 France3.4.5 U.K.3.4.6 Italy3.4.7 Russia3.5 Asia Pacific Withania Somnifera Extract Market Facts & Figures by Region3.5.1 Asia Pacific Withania Somnifera Extract Sales by Region3.5.2 Asia Pacific Withania Somnifera Extract Sales by Region3.5.3 China3.5.4 Japan3.5.5 South Korea3.5.6 India3.5.7 Australia3.5.8 Taiwan3.5.9 Indonesia3.5.10 Thailand3.5.11 Malaysia3.5.12 Philippines3.5.13 Vietnam3.6 Latin America Withania Somnifera Extract Market Facts & Figures by Country3.6.1 Latin America Withania Somnifera Extract Sales by Country3.6.2 Latin America Withania Somnifera Extract Sales by Country3.6.3 Mexico3.6.3 Brazil3.6.3 Argentina3.7 Middle East and Africa Withania Somnifera Extract Market Facts & Figures by Country3.7.1 Middle East and Africa Withania Somnifera Extract Sales by Country3.7.2 Middle East and Africa Withania Somnifera Extract Sales by Country3.7.3 Turkey3.7.4 Saudi Arabia3.7.5 U.A.E 4 Global Withania Somnifera Extract Historic Market Analysis by Type4.1 Global Withania Somnifera Extract Sales Market Share by Type (2015-2020)4.2 Global Withania Somnifera Extract Revenue Market Share by Type (2015-2020)4.3 Global Withania Somnifera Extract Price Market Share by Type (2015-2020)4.4 Global Withania Somnifera Extract Market Share by Price Tier (2015-2020): Low-End, Mid-Range and High-End 5 Global Withania Somnifera Extract Historic Market Analysis by Application5.1 Global Withania Somnifera Extract Sales Market Share by Application (2015-2020)5.2 Global Withania Somnifera Extract Revenue Market Share by Application (2015-2020)5.3 Global Withania Somnifera Extract Price by Application (2015-2020) 6 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Withania Somnifera Extract Business6.1 Life Extension6.1.1 Corporation Information6.1.2 Life Extension Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.1.3 Life Extension Withania Somnifera Extract Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.1.4 Life Extension Products Offered6.1.5 Life Extension Recent Development6.2 Taos Herb Company6.2.1 Taos Herb Company Withania Somnifera Extract Production Sites and Area Served6.2.2 Taos Herb Company Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.2.3 Taos Herb Company Withania Somnifera Extract Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.2.4 Taos Herb Company Products Offered6.2.5 Taos Herb Company Recent Development6.3 General Nutrition Centers6.3.1 General Nutrition Centers Withania Somnifera Extract Production Sites and Area Served6.3.2 General Nutrition Centers Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.3.3 General Nutrition Centers Withania Somnifera Extract Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.3.4 General Nutrition Centers Products Offered6.3.5 General Nutrition Centers Recent Development6.4 Jarrow Formulas6.4.1 Jarrow Formulas Withania Somnifera Extract Production Sites and Area Served6.4.2 Jarrow Formulas Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.4.3 Jarrow Formulas Withania Somnifera Extract Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.4.4 Jarrow Formulas Products Offered6.4.5 Jarrow Formulas Recent Development6.5 Huge Mountain6.5.1 Huge Mountain Withania Somnifera Extract Production Sites and Area Served6.5.2 Huge Mountain Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.5.3 Huge Mountain Withania Somnifera Extract Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.5.4 Huge Mountain Products Offered6.5.5 Huge Mountain Recent Development6.6 Organic India6.6.1 Organic India Withania Somnifera Extract Production Sites and Area Served6.6.2 Organic India Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.6.3 Organic India Withania Somnifera Extract Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.6.4 Organic India Products Offered6.6.5 Organic India Recent Development6.7 The Vitamin Shoppe6.6.1 The Vitamin Shoppe Withania Somnifera Extract Production Sites and Area Served6.6.2 The Vitamin Shoppe Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.6.3 The Vitamin Shoppe Withania Somnifera Extract Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.4.4 The Vitamin Shoppe Products Offered6.7.5 The Vitamin Shoppe Recent Development6.8 NOW Foods6.8.1 NOW Foods Withania Somnifera Extract Production Sites and Area Served6.8.2 NOW Foods Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.8.3 NOW Foods Withania Somnifera Extract Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.8.4 NOW Foods Products Offered6.8.5 NOW Foods Recent Development6.9 Solgar6.9.1 Solgar Withania Somnifera Extract Production Sites and Area Served6.9.2 Solgar Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.9.3 Solgar Withania Somnifera Extract Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.9.4 Solgar Products Offered6.9.5 Solgar Recent Development6.10 Piping Rock6.10.1 Piping Rock Withania Somnifera Extract Production Sites and Area Served6.10.2 Piping Rock Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.10.3 Piping Rock Withania Somnifera Extract Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.10.4 Piping Rock Products Offered6.10.5 Piping Rock Recent Development6.11 Swanson6.11.1 Swanson Withania Somnifera Extract Production Sites and Area Served6.11.2 Swanson Withania Somnifera Extract Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.11.3 Swanson Withania Somnifera Extract Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.11.4 Swanson Products Offered6.11.5 Swanson Recent Development 7 Withania Somnifera Extract Manufacturing Cost Analysis7.1 Withania Somnifera Extract Key Raw Materials Analysis7.1.1 Key Raw Materials7.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price Trend7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Withania Somnifera Extract7.4 Withania Somnifera Extract Industrial Chain Analysis 8 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers8.1 Marketing Channel8.2 Withania Somnifera Extract Distributors List8.3 Withania Somnifera Extract Customers 9 Market Dynamics9.1 Market Trends9.2 Opportunities and Drivers9.3 Challenges9.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis 10 Global Market Forecast10.1 Global Withania Somnifera Extract Market Estimates and Projections by Type10.1.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Withania Somnifera Extract by Type (2021-2026)10.1.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Withania Somnifera Extract by Type (2021-2026)10.2 Withania Somnifera Extract Market Estimates and Projections by Application10.2.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Withania Somnifera Extract by Application (2021-2026)10.2.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Withania Somnifera Extract by Application (2021-2026)10.3 Withania Somnifera Extract Market Estimates and Projections by Region10.3.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Withania Somnifera Extract by Region (2021-2026)10.3.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Withania Somnifera Extract by Region (2021-2026)10.4 North America Withania Somnifera Extract Estimates and Projections (2021-2026)10.5 Europe Withania Somnifera Extract Estimates and Projections (2021-2026)10.6 Asia Pacific Withania Somnifera Extract Estimates and Projections (2021-2026)10.7 Latin America Withania Somnifera Extract Estimates and Projections (2021-2026)10.8 Middle East and Africa Withania Somnifera Extract Estimates and Projections (2021-2026) 11 Research Finding and Conclusion 12 Methodology and Data Source12.1 Methodology/Research Approach12.1.1 Research Programs/Design12.1.2 Market Size Estimation12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation12.2 Data Source12.2.1 Secondary Sources12.2.2 Primary Sources12.3 Author List12.4 Disclaimer

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Trending: Withania Somnifera Extract Market 2020- Analysis And In-Depth Research On Market Size, Trends, Emerging Growth Factors And Forecast To 2026|...

High pressure processing (HPP) is non-thermal food preservation and sterilization technique, which has been developed to avoid chemical and thermal preservation of food. High pressure processing is also known as Pascalization or bridgmanization or high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), or ultra-high pressure (UHP). It is a natural and environmental friendly process that doesnt alter foods original properties such as flavor, color or texture. It is proved as a successful and safe alternative for traditional chemical and thermal preservation techniques.

From 1990s HPP technique is popularly being used in Japan and other part of Asia. Initially it was being used only for preservation of juices, jellies and jams. But considering market demand for naturally preserved foods and benefits of HPP, the technique is now popular for preservation of almost all the food products such as salads, fish and meat, seafood, yogurts, rice cakes, grains etc.

Increasing market demand for naturally preserved food is market driver for high pressure processing food technique. When HPP is used for rice and grains processing, the allergen protein releases from rice grains and makes rice allergen free.

High Pressure Processing (HPP) For Rice & Grain Market Segmentation

High pressure processing market can be segmented on the basis of processing equipment type such as semi-continues equipment, and batch processing equipment. Bach processing is mainly used for pre-packaged food and semi-continuous process is used for foods in pumpable liquid form. In rice and grains processing semi-continuous process is used popularly.

High pressure processing (HPP) market is later segmented on the basis of production scale as small scale, mid-scale and large scale production. Large scale production is normally used in developed markets, where as mid-scale and small scale are getting popular in developing markets. High pressure processing market is further segmented on the basis of region as, Latin America, North America, Asia Pacific Excluding Japan, Japan, Europe, Middle East and Africa.

High Pressure Processing (HPP) For Rice & Grain Global Market Drivers & Trends

Rising natural and safe food demand from rapidly growing global population is major factor driving market demand for HPP for rice & grains. As HPP breaks down the allergic protein content of rice and grains and makes it safe for consumption, food processing industries are concentrating on High pressure processing of rice and grains.

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Not only the allergens removal properties, but other preservation advantages such as shelf life extension, greater quality, destroyed pathogens etc. are other factors attracting producers and fueling market demand for HPP technique for rice and grains.

Moreover to meet the safe and natural food demands of the 21st century consumer,the global food industry is rapidly moving toward product innovative and new product development through new processing methods. HPP for rice and grains is one of them, gaining significant market demand.

In regional outlook of high pressure processing for rice and grain market, Japan and Asia Pacific Excluding Japan are major players in HPP for rice and grain market, as being major producer and consumers of rice and grains. As U.S. FDA has accepted commercial use of HPP for low acid foods like grains and rice, North America is considered as another major market as well as with increasing consumer demand for non-synthetic natural food preservation methods, Europe has also adapted HPP techniques for rice and grain, and for many other food products such as juices, bakery products, jams, jellies etc. In Europe and North America markets, HPP is widely used for juices and beverages processing.

However Middle East and Africa markets are still in their nascent stage of development in HPP for rice and grains.

High Pressure Processing (HPP) For Rice & Grain Market Key Players:

All rice and grain producers and other food manufacturers cannot afford to purchase high cost HPP machines. And therefore to facilitate some market player providing HPP on commercial tolling basis to the food manufacturing industries, includes American Pasteurization Company, Avure HPP Food Processing, High Pressure Process Tolling Ltd., Stay Fresh Foods, Hormel Foods, Motivatit, APA Processing, Raw Pressery etc. However few major market players providing HPP machinery and technology includes Kobe steel co. ltd, Hoiperbaric S.A, Amec ,Next HPP etc.

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Regional analysis for High Pressure Processing (HPP) For Rice & Grain Market includes

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The report is a compilation of first-hand information, qualitative and quantitative assessment by industry analysts, inputs from industry experts and industry participants across the value chain. The report provides in-depth analysis of parent market trends, macro-economic indicators and governing factors along with market attractiveness as per segments. The report also maps the qualitative impact of various market factors on market segments and regions.

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High Pressure Processing (HPP) for Rice and Grain Market Estimated To Expand at a Robust CAGR by 2030 | FMI Report - Cole of Duty

The market intelligence report on Withania Somnifera Extract Sales market is prepared through diligent compilation of analytical study based on historical records, current and upcoming statistics and future developments. The intelligence report prepared contains details on the leading players of the Global Withania Somnifera Extract Sales Market, along with various depending aspects related and associated with the market. In addition, the report utilizes various analytical and test methods such as S.T.E.E.P.L.E., Regression analysis, S.W.O.T. (analysis methods) and ANOVA and FRAP (test methods), to identify the overlooked factor that could alter the state of the market and its implication it would have on the trend of the market.

Synopsis of Withania Somnifera Extract Sales Market Report:The report covers an analysis of the Withania Somnifera Extract Sales Market and the forecast for the same on a global and regional level, including a deep analysis of microeconomic and macroeconomic factors impacting the growth of the market. Crucial market information and data regarding newest industry data, market future trends, identification of the products and end users driving revenue growth and profitability, is made available in this report. Through an exhaustive study components such as professional and in-depth study of the current state of market, the major drivers and restraints driving the market, etc. are simplified to help you become familiar with key dynamics of the Global Withania Somnifera Extract Sales Market.

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The report provides a granular analysis of the market share, segmentation, revenue forecasts and geographic regions of the market. Following are some of the segmentations provided in the report ;

Leading players operating in the global Withania Somnifera Extract Sales market are: Life Extension, Taos Herb Company, General Nutrition Centers, Jarrow Formulas, Huge Mountain, Organic India, The Vitamin Shoppe, NOW Foods, Solgar, Piping Rock, Swanson

Withania Somnifera Extract Sales Market Growth by Types: Capsule, Liquid

Withania Somnifera Extract Sales Market Extension by Applications: Health Products, Drug

The Global version of this report with a geographical classification would cover regions: North America (USA, Canada and Mexico), Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia), South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia etc.), Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria, and South Africa)

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Key Benefits of Global Withania Somnifera Extract Sales Market Report:1.This study presents an analytical depiction of the global Withania Somnifera Extract Sales industry along with the current trends and future estimations to depict the imminent investment pockets.2.The overall Withania Somnifera Extract Sales market potential is determined to understand the lucrative trends to gain a stronger foothold in the industry.3.The report includes information related to key drivers, restraints, and opportunities with a detailed impact analysis.4.The current market is quantitatively analyzed, to highlight the financial competency of the Withania Somnifera Extract Sales market.5.To identify and state the demand and supply forecast, Porters five forces analysis illustrates the potency of the buyers and suppliers in the market.

In order to accurately measure the market integration and its competition we have included a special study of impact of Covid-19 on the Withania Somnifera Extract Sales market. Additionally, in order to help our customers avoid the pandemic, we have included the verified information related to Covid-19 in our reports.

Exponential points covered in the Withania Somnifera Extract Sales Market Report that include conditions after the impact of Covid-19;What are the regions that have seen a greater impact on their market?What are the current financial situations of the market leaders?What are the emerging opportunities that can provide higher profits?What is the condition of the suppliers market, and the raw materials market?Provided with the challenge, how have the market leaders maintained their competitive edge?

For more details on Withania Somnifera Extract Sales Market Report (Post Covid-19 impact), Ask Our Expert (Use Corporate email ID to Get Higher Priority) @ https://www.acquiremarketresearch.com/enquire-before/367102/

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At Acquire Market Research the database of the company is updated on a daily basis to provide the clients with reports containing the latest trends and in-depth analysis of the industry. While each report initially generated is prepared with a set benchmark of the industry, the reports are customizable to meet the requirements of the client. After careful validation of the report by our expert analysts, the report on Withania Somnifera Extract Sales Market has been published.

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Withania Somnifera Extract Sales Market Short Term and Long-Term Impact of Covid-19 On The Market-2020-2024 - Owned

CNET's new video series looks at how to survive the end of the world.

Can a missile bunker protect you from a nuclear blast? Can an escape pod save you from a megatsunami? Could we put our bodies into cryosleep to avoid the apocalypse altogether?

On July 6, CNET is bringing you Hacking the Apocalypse, a new series looking at high-tech solutions to the escape the end of the world. The six-part series launches on YouTube and CNET on Monday, July 6, with a new episode every day.

Subscribe to the CNET Now newsletter for our editors' picks for the most important stories of the day.

In each episode, I take you to meet everyone from preppers to pandemic experts, and I'll road test some fascinating tech that could save the world. Plus, you can check out the accompanying stories, covering what you need to know about the end of the world.

We crossed the United States over the course of three months to meet the bright minds trying to hack a way out of the apocalypse and then crammed everything into a six-episode survival guide:

Hacking the Apocalypse host Claire Reilly at the Mutter Museum in Philadelphia.

When we first started filming Hacking the Apocalypse, long before the coronavirus pandemic, I asked one of the world's top health experts whether a "mutant bat influenza" could catch us off-guard. Little did we know how prophetic that moment would be. The experts warned us, and they were right. In 2020, we've faced a once-in-a-century pandemic and seen what happens when a global health emergency plays out in real time.

For our first episode in this series, we visit the Mutter Museum in Philadelphia to learn about the last major pandemic we faced (it wasn't pretty) and speak to the leading public health experts at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security about how we battle a pandemic in the 21st century.

But the big innovation? We speak to scientists in Tennessee who are researching human immunity to help us fight the coronavirus, and to a team of researchers finding life-saving drugs using the world's most powerful supercomputer.

Watch Hacking the Apocalypse: Pandemic on July 6.

How long would we survive if the whole planet went into a full-scale nuclear winter? We travel to Boulder, Colorado, to learn the science behind nuclear winter with an atmospheric scientist and nuclear expert, Professor Brian Toon.

Then we head into the heartland of Kansas (we can't tell you where) to visit a real-life nuclear bunker, made for the world's richest preppers. Turns out avoiding nuclear winter doesn't mean sacrificing luxury.

Watch Hacking the Apocalypse: Nuclear Winter on July 6.

Droughts in California, catastrophic fires in Australia -- the impacts of climate change are only going to get worse. In this episode, we learn about the real threat of global drought, before visiting a lab in New York to learn how scientists could turn toxic waste into drinking water.

Then it's off to New Jersey to visit Bowery Farming, a company that's created a space-aged vertical farm, inside a warehouse, to grow food with 90% less water.

Watch Hacking the Apocalypse: Global Drought on July 7.

This orange ball could be the only thing standing between me and certain disaster.

The coast off the Pacific Northwest is a hotzone for catastrophic earthquakes, so what better place to test out a tsunami survival pod? In this episode, we speak to one of the world's leading seismological experts to find out just what happens when the Earth shakes, before heading to Seattle to road test (or should that be water test?) a tiny escape pod that could save us from tsunami devastation.

Watch Hacking the Apocalypse: Tsunami on July 8.

If the end of the world is coming, could we cheat death by putting our bodies into stasis? To answer that question, we visit the facilities of the Alcor Life Extension Foundation, a company promising a second life in the future through the power of cryonics. Delving into the murky world of cryonics is fascinating (and a little haunting). While the hope of escaping death might sound promising, the scientific proof leaves a lot to be desired.

Watch Hacking the Apocalypse: Cryonics on July 9.

If the s--- really hits the fan, could we just bypass the apocalypse and escape the planet altogether? In our final episode of Hacking the Apocalypse, we visit NASA and learn about the space agency's bid to get humans back on the moon and on to Mars. And to get a sense of what life will look like once we've become a multi-planetary species, we talk to the team behind Marsha, a 3D-printed Mars habitat that could be our new home on the red planet.

Watch Hacking the Apocalypse: Escape the Planet on July 10.

Now playing: Watch this: Hacking the Apocalypse trailer

1:00

Link:
Hacking the Apocalypse: Your new guide to surviving the end of the world - CNET

Zolt speech

Whilst the media reports on generational tremors taking place on the streets and campuses of the United States of America, and institutions stroke their metaphorical chins contemplating ways to change, a much more radical shift is taking place that seems to be going unnoticed.

Mainstream media are missing the story about how people are taking back control of their physical bodies and dedicating their efforts to the enhancement of their own lives. For years now, biohacking has been on the rise: nootropics, supplements, technological implants being just some of the favoured tools to take apart ones body and rebuild it in a better way. Not only that, there is a genuine interest in better understanding our genetic make up and using that to optimise our personal performance. You can see this in the rapid rise of commercial genetic testing services that are now affordable for everyone today.

Even more radical than that is the Transhumanist Movement. A movement that believes in using science and technology to overcome death and fundamentally change the very nature of the human being itself. Its a movement made up of various factions and slightly different beliefs but there is one man who could be said to be have become its natural leader. And that is Zoltan Istvan.

Zoltan has a more radical idea of change than almost anything else you are seeing on your TV screens today but the mainstream media continue to miss him. Thats why its good to see he has made his own documentary film explaining to a broader audience what hes doing, how it all works, and why they should be interested in transhumanism at all.

Immortality or Bust, winner of the BreakoutAwardat the Raw Science Film Festival in Los Angeles, follows Zoltan on his2 year campaign running for President of the US. The film starts by explaining his passion for this transhumanist cause and shows him building a custom-made Bluebird motorhome like his father drove when he was a kid, turning it into a mobile coffin to take him on his journey to Washington DC. There he is to deliver his Transhumanist Bill of Rights.

He enlists friends and family in his quest but we also see him travelling to meet unbelievers and skeptics too, putting his case for Transhumanism over traditional religion. At one point in the documentary he reminds us that atheists never bomb anyone. An important plank of his policy platform is to drastically reduce military funding and redistribute that investment into science. He makes a strong argument that we are living in a military-industrial complex that is out of date, whilst the war we should really be fighting, in this century, is the war on cancer.

Hes actually fighting a war on ageing. For at the heart of transhumainsm is the idea of life extension. As the title suggests, it is life extension that ties together the threads of the film. Those threads include a man on a mission to spread the word of Transhumanism, a U.S. Presidential candidate coming face to face with the religiosity of his nation, and a son whose father has had four heart attacks and whom he would love to protect so he can live forever. These three stories together depict Zoltan as the impossibly human face of Transhumanism.

Over 731 days we follow him as he presents his ideas virtually in Second Life, meets with the Terasem Movement where people download their thoughts and upload their mind files, debates with a crowd of Evangelical Christians and introduces us to the Immortalists at The Church of Perpetual Life . The culmination is when he tries to pin his Transhumanist Bill of Rights on the US Capitol building in Washington DC. After reading out the Bill, he attempts to attach the piece of paper to a wall and is prevented from doing so by a policemen who redirects him to Senator Barbara Boxers office. It is there where the paper is politely filed by an administrative assistant who promises to pass it on at the very first opportunity. A scene that demonstrates just how impenetrable the system is to radical ideas, or any idea of change at all.

zolt with bus in DC

I caught up with Zoltan on the eve of the films launch and asked him whether he will ever run again. We are going to come to a point, probably twelve years from now when the things Ive been talking about really make sense. Technology will catch up and these things will become the norm. Hopefully then a lot of my policies will start to be revisited, and people will say, wait a sec, hes been talking about these things from the very beginning.

My ideas are still pretty far out there, and therere no significant comparison to them in a political sense yet. I think it will take some revolutionary technology like brain implants or an ageing reversal gene shot that makes my ideas go mainstream.

Sometimes I feel I belong to the Star Trek era and not the early 21st Century Earth. But that could change quickly if the technology changes humanity enough, and then the politics I represent are needed in a hurry.

Its an insightful point because whilst most media headlines and future of work reports occupy themselves with tales of automated futures that displace human beings from the jobs they need or love, Zoltans vision is to harness automation in the service of an enhanced human being.

The film is a tale of presidential pilgrimage but also a love letter to longevity when facing the pain that death bestows on us all. But for the most part it is two fingers up to determinism, spitting in the eye of appeasement and challenging us all to make a radical change not leave it to someone else. I hope that a younger generation will watch it. They may not be interested in life extension or yet face dilemmas of mortality but this film would provide them with a welcome antidote to the relentless victimhood in todays culture and its obsessive search for the security of safe spaces. Zoltan takes on life and bends it to his will. I hope an emerging generation will absorb that message and rekindle their autonomy, and in Zoltans own words, have no respect for fate.

Immortality or Bust trailer here. Film now available on Amazon, iTunes, Vimeo

Read more:
Immortality Or Bust: Transhumanism In The White House - Forbes

It is not a secret that the F-35A, the CTOL (Convetional Take Off and Landing) variant of the Lightning II aircraft, will be dual capable aircraft (DCA), meaning that it will have the ability to deliver nuclear ordnance as well as conventional weapons. Such dual capability is expected to be included in the Block 4 software release, with initial capability for the B61-12 weapon.

Although the F-35A DCA is scheduled to achieve nuclear certification in January, 2023, testing at the 461st FLTS, the test squadron that oversees developmental testing of all variants of the fifth-generation F-35 Lightning II at Edwards Air Force Base, California, has started in 2019.

Images just released by the F-35 Joint Program Office (the Department of Defense's agency responsible for developing and acquiring the F-35A/B/C) show various drop tests of inert nuclear bombs between 2019 and 2020.

The photos distributed to the DVIDS distribution service provide additional details about the dates when the tests were carried out: the first separation test with AF-1 flown by Jason Shulze was conducted on June 27, 2019; sixth separation test with AF-1 (pilot unspecified) was carried out on November 7, 2019; first separation test from AF-6 flown by Maj. Chris "Beast" Taylor was conducted on November 25, 2019.

Separation test #6 with AF-1 was carried out with F-35 AF-01 flown by Maj. Rachael "Banshee" Winiecki on February 6, 2020. A more recent test with AF-6 was carried out on April 2, 2020. (No additional detail can be gathered about this test.)

An F-35A releases ordnance during a dual capable aircraft (DCA) test flight over Edwards Air Force Base, California, June 27, 2019. F-35 Joint Program Office

An F-35A releases ordnance during a dual capable aircraft (DCA) test flight over Edwards Air Force Base, California, October 22, 2019. F-35 Joint Program Office

An F-35A releases ordnance during a dual capable aircraft (DCA) test flight over Edwards Air Force Base, California, February 6, 2020. F-35 Joint Program Office

An F-35A releases ordnance during a dual capable aircraft (DCA) test flight over Edwards Air Force Base, California, April 2, 2020. F-35 Joint Program Office

As already explained in a previous article:

"The B61-12 represent the latest LEP (Life-Extention Program) upgrade to the B61 line of nuclear weapons that has already been extensively tested with the F-15E Strike Eagles of the 422nd Test and Evaluation Squadron, back in 2015."

"The Life Extension Program or LEP, will replace the B61 -3, -4, -7, and -10 mods, with the -12 that, along with the B83, will become the only remaining gravity delivered nukes in the inventory."

"'The B61-12 gravity bomb ensures the current capability for the air-delivered leg of the US strategic nuclear triad well into the future for both bombers and dual-capable aircraft supporting NATO,' said Paul Waugh, AFNWC's Air-Delivered Capabilities director in a US Air Force release dated Apr. 13 (more or less when the world learned about the first use of the famous MOAB in Afghanistan). The B61-12 will be compatible with the B-2A, B-21, F-15E, F-16C/D, F-16 MLU, F-35 and PA-200 aircraft.

"The LEP increases the B61's accuracy so much that it will have the same capability against hardened targets as the much more powerful weapons it is replacing."

An F-35A releases ordnance during a dual capable aircraft (DCA) test flight over Edwards Air Force Base, California, November 7, 2019. F-35 Joint Program Office

With the integration of the B61-12, the "iconic nuclear fighter role, performed in the past by the F-15E and F-16, is being passed to the F-35A to play a future role in national security." Other partner nations are slated to transfer the NATO nuclear role to the F-35A in the future.

Read more here:
Here are the first photos of the F-35A dropping inert nuclear bombs during testing - Business Insider - Business Insider

LOS ANGELES, United States:

Quality Market Research on Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Market with Decision Making Insights, Industry Assessment, Trends, Competitive Landscape, Investment & Business Strategies and Forecast by 2026.

The global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract market has been garnering remarkable momentum in the recent years. The steadily escalating demand due to improving purchasing power is projected to bode well for the global market. QY Researchs latest publication, titled global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract market, offers an insightful take on the drivers and restraints present in the market. It assesses the historical data pertaining to the global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract market and compares it to the current market trends to give the readers a detailed analysis of the trajectory of the market.

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The research report covers the trends that are currently implemented by the major manufacturers in the Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract market including adoption of new technology, government investments on R&D, shifting in perspective towards sustainability, and others. Additionally, the researchers have also provided the figures necessary to understand the manufacturer and its contribution to both regional and global market:

Key Players:

Lvyin Biotech, Shenyang Phytocare Ingredients, Cosphatec, Hunan Health-Guard Bio-Tech, Samsara herbs, Solaray, Active Herb, LiftMode, Life Extension, Hawaii Pharm LLC, Piping Rock Health Products

Due to the pandemic, we have included a special section on the Impact of COVID 19 on the Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Market which would mention How the Covid-19 is Affecting the Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Industry, Market Trends and Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape, Covid-19 Impact on Key Regions and Proposal for Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Players to Combat Covid-19 Impact.

The research report is broken down into chapters, which are introduced by the executive summary. Its the introductory part of the chapter, which includes details about global market figures, both historical and estimates. The executive summary also provides a brief about the segments and the reasons for the progress or decline during the forecast period. The insightful research report on the global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract market includes Porters five forces analysis and SWOT analysis to understand the factors impacting consumer and supplier behavior.

Market Segments Covered:

Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Market Segmentation by Product:Magnolia Bark OilPowder

Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Market Segmentation by Application:MedicinesHealth FoodsCosmetic and Daily ChemicalsFoodOther

Regions Covered in the Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Market:

The Middle East and Africa (GCC Countries and Egypt) North America (the United States, Mexico, and Canada) South America (Brazil etc.) Europe (Turkey, Germany, Russia UK, Italy, France, etc.) Asia-Pacific (Vietnam, China, Malaysia, Japan, Philippines, Korea, Thailand, India, Indonesia, and Australia)

The report answers important questions that companies may have when operating in the global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract market. Some of the questions are given below:

What will be the size of the global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract market in 2025? What is the current CAGR of the global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract market? Which product is expected to show the highest market growth? Which application is projected to gain a lions share of the global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract market? Which region is foretold to create the most number of opportunities in the global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract market? Will there be any changes in market competition during the forecast period? Which are the top players currently operating in the global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract market? How will the market situation change in the coming years? What are the common business tactics adopted by players? What is the growth outlook of the global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract market?

The scope of the Report:

The report segments the global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract market on the basis of application, type, service, technology, and region. Each chapter under this segmentation allows readers to grasp the nitty-gritties of the market. A magnified look at the segment-based analysis is aimed at giving the readers a closer look at the opportunities and threats in the market. It also address political scenarios that are expected to impact the market in both small and big ways.The report on the global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract market examines changing regulatory scenario to make accurate projections about potential investments. It also evaluates the risk for new entrants and the intensity of the competitive rivalry.

Ask for Customized Report as per Your [emailprotected]https://www.qyresearch.com/customize-request/form/1887383/global-magnolia-officinalis-bark-extract-industry-research-report-growth-trends-and-competitive-analysis-2020-2026

Strategic Points Covered in TOC:

1 Report Overview1.1 Research Scope1.2 Top Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Manufacturers Covered: Ranking by Revenue1.3 Market Segment by Type1.3.1 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Market Size by Type: 2015 VS 2020 VS 2026 (US$ Million)1.3.2 Magnolia Bark Oil1.3.3 Powder1.4 Market Segment by Application1.4.1 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Consumption by Application: 2015 VS 2020 VS 20261.4.2 Medicines1.4.3 Health Foods1.4.4 Cosmetic and Daily Chemicals1.4.5 Food1.4.6 Other1.5 Study Objectives1.6 Years Considered

2 Global Market Perspective2.1 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Revenue (2015-2026)2.1.1 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Revenue (2015-2026)2.1.2 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales (2015-2026)2.2 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Market Size across Key Geographies Worldwide: 2015 VS 2020 VS 20262.2.1 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales by Regions (2015-2020)2.2.2 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)2.3 Global Top Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Regions (Countries) Ranking by Market Size2.4 Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Industry Trends2.4.1 Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Market Trends2.4.2 Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Market Drivers2.4.3 Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Market Challenges2.4.4 Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Market Restraints2.4.5 Primary Interviews with Key Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Players: Views for Future

3 Competitive Landscape by Manufacturers3.1 Global Top Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Manufacturers by Sales (2015-2020)3.1.1 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales by Manufacturers (2015-2020)3.1.2 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)3.1.3 Global 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers by Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales in 20193.2 Global Top Manufacturers Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract by Revenue3.2.1 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Revenue by Manufacturers (2015-2020)3.2.2 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)3.2.3 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)3.3 Global Top Manufacturers by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) (based on the Revenue in Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract as of 2019)3.4 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Average Selling Price (ASP) by Manufacturers3.5 Key Manufacturers Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Plants/Factories Distribution and Area Served3.6 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Market3.7 Key Manufacturers Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Product Offered3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

4 Market Size by Type4.1 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Historic Market Review by Type (2015-2020)4.1.2 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales Market Share by Type (2015-2020)4.1.3 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Revenue Market Share by Type (2015-2020)4.1.4 Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Price by Type (2015-2020)4.1 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Market Estimates and Forecasts by Type (2021-2026)4.2.2 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales Forecast by Type (2021-2026)4.2.3 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Revenue Forecast by Type (2021-2026)4.2.4 Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Price Forecast by Type (2021-2026)

5 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Market Size by Application5.1 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Historic Market Review by Application (2015-2020)5.1.2 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales Market Share by Application (2015-2020)5.1.3 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Revenue Market Share by Application (2015-2020)5.1.4 Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Price by Application (2015-2020)5.2 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Market Estimates and Forecasts by Application (2021-2026)5.2.2 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales Forecast by Application (2021-2026)5.2.3 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Revenue Forecast by Application (2021-2026)5.2.4 Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Price Forecast by Application (2021-2026)

6 North America6.1 North America Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Breakdown Data by Company6.2 North America Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Breakdown Data by Type6.3 North America Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Breakdown Data by Application6.4 North America Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Breakdown Data by Countries6.4.1 North America Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales by Countries6.4.2 North America Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Revenue by Countries6.4.3 U.S.6.4.4 Canada

7 Europe7.1 Europe Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Breakdown Data by Company7.2 Europe Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Breakdown Data by Type7.3 Europe Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Breakdown Data by Application7.4 Europe Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Breakdown Data by Countries7.4.1 Europe Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales by Countries7.4.2 Europe Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Revenue by Countries7.4.3 Germany7.4.4 France7.4.5 U.K.7.4.6 Italy7.4.7 Russia

8 Asia Pacific8.1 Asia Pacific Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Breakdown Data by Company8.2 Asia Pacific Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Breakdown Data by Type8.3 Asia Pacific Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Breakdown Data by Application8.4 Asia Pacific Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Breakdown Data by Regions8.4.1 Asia Pacific Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales by Regions8.4.2 Asia Pacific Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Revenue by Regions8.4.3 China8.4.4 Japan8.4.5 South Korea8.4.6 India8.4.7 Australia8.4.8 Taiwan8.4.9 Indonesia8.4.10 Thailand8.4.11 Malaysia8.4.12 Philippines8.4.13 Vietnam

9 Latin America9.1 Latin America Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Breakdown Data by Company9.2 Latin America Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Breakdown Data by Type9.3 Latin America Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Breakdown Data by Application9.4 Latin America Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Breakdown Data by Countries9.4.1 Latin America Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales by Countries9.4.2 Latin America Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Revenue by Countries9.4.3 Mexico9.4.4 Brazil9.4.5 Argentina

10 Middle East and Africa10.1 Middle East and Africa Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Breakdown Data by Type10.2 Middle East and Africa Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Breakdown Data by Application10.3 Middle East and Africa Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Breakdown Data by Countries10.3.1 Middle East and Africa Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales by Countries10.3.2 Middle East and Africa Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Revenue by Countries10.3.3 Turkey10.3.4 Saudi Arabia10.3.5 U.A.E

11 Company Profiles11.1 Lvyin Biotech11.1.1 Lvyin Biotech Corporation Information11.1.2 Lvyin Biotech Business Overview11.1.3 Lvyin Biotech Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)11.1.4 Lvyin Biotech Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Products and Services11.1.5 Lvyin Biotech SWOT Analysis11.1.6 Lvyin Biotech Recent Developments11.2 Shenyang Phytocare Ingredients11.2.1 Shenyang Phytocare Ingredients Corporation Information11.2.2 Shenyang Phytocare Ingredients Business Overview11.2.3 Shenyang Phytocare Ingredients Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)11.2.4 Shenyang Phytocare Ingredients Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Products and Services11.2.5 Shenyang Phytocare Ingredients SWOT Analysis11.2.6 Shenyang Phytocare Ingredients Recent Developments11.3 Cosphatec11.3.1 Cosphatec Corporation Information11.3.2 Cosphatec Business Overview11.3.3 Cosphatec Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)11.3.4 Cosphatec Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Products and Services11.3.5 Cosphatec SWOT Analysis11.3.6 Cosphatec Recent Developments11.4 Hunan Health-Guard Bio-Tech11.4.1 Hunan Health-Guard Bio-Tech Corporation Information11.4.2 Hunan Health-Guard Bio-Tech Business Overview11.4.3 Hunan Health-Guard Bio-Tech Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)11.4.4 Hunan Health-Guard Bio-Tech Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Products and Services11.4.5 Hunan Health-Guard Bio-Tech SWOT Analysis11.4.6 Hunan Health-Guard Bio-Tech Recent Developments11.5 Samsara herbs11.5.1 Samsara herbs Corporation Information11.5.2 Samsara herbs Business Overview11.5.3 Samsara herbs Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)11.5.4 Samsara herbs Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Products and Services11.5.5 Samsara herbs SWOT Analysis11.5.6 Samsara herbs Recent Developments11.6 Solaray11.6.1 Solaray Corporation Information11.6.2 Solaray Business Overview11.6.3 Solaray Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)11.6.4 Solaray Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Products and Services11.6.5 Solaray SWOT Analysis11.6.6 Solaray Recent Developments11.7 Active Herb11.7.1 Active Herb Corporation Information11.7.2 Active Herb Business Overview11.7.3 Active Herb Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)11.7.4 Active Herb Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Products and Services11.7.5 Active Herb SWOT Analysis11.7.6 Active Herb Recent Developments11.8 LiftMode11.8.1 LiftMode Corporation Information11.8.2 LiftMode Business Overview11.8.3 LiftMode Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)11.8.4 LiftMode Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Products and Services11.8.5 LiftMode SWOT Analysis11.8.6 LiftMode Recent Developments11.9 Life Extension11.9.1 Life Extension Corporation Information11.9.2 Life Extension Business Overview11.9.3 Life Extension Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)11.9.4 Life Extension Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Products and Services11.9.5 Life Extension SWOT Analysis11.9.6 Life Extension Recent Developments11.10 Hawaii Pharm LLC11.10.1 Hawaii Pharm LLC Corporation Information11.10.2 Hawaii Pharm LLC Business Overview11.10.3 Hawaii Pharm LLC Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)11.10.4 Hawaii Pharm LLC Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Products and Services11.10.5 Hawaii Pharm LLC SWOT Analysis11.10.6 Hawaii Pharm LLC Recent Developments11.11 Piping Rock Health Products11.11.1 Piping Rock Health Products Corporation Information11.11.2 Piping Rock Health Products Business Overview11.11.3 Piping Rock Health Products Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price (ASP) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)11.11.4 Piping Rock Health Products Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Products and Services11.11.5 Piping Rock Health Products SWOT Analysis11.11.6 Piping Rock Health Products Recent Developments

12 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis12.1 Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Value Chain Analysis12.2 Sales Channels Analysis12.2.1 Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales Channels12.2.2 Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Distributors12.3 Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Customers

13 Estimates and Projections by Regions (2021-2026)13.1 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales Forecast (2021-2026)13.1.1 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)13.1.2 Global Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Revenue Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)13.2 North America Market Size Forecast (2021-2026)13.2.1 North America Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales Forecast (2021-2026)13.2.2 North America Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)13.2.3 North America Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Size Forecast by County (2021-2026)13.3 Europe Market Size Forecast (2021-2026)13.3.1 Europe Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales Forecast (2021-2026)13.3.2 Europe Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)13.3.3 Europe Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Size Forecast by County (2021-2026)13.4 Asia Pacific Market Size Forecast (2021-2026)13.4.1 Asia Pacific Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales Forecast (2021-2026)13.4.2 Asia Pacific Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)13.4.3 Asia Pacific Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Size Forecast by Region (2021-2026)13.5 Latin America Market Size Forecast (2021-2026)13.5.1 Latin America Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales Forecast (2021-2026)13.5.2 Latin America Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)13.5.3 Latin America Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Size Forecast by County (2021-2026)13.6 Middle East and Africa Market Forecast13.6.1 Middle East and Africa Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Sales Forecast (2021-2026)13.6.2 Middle East and Africa Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)13.6.3 Middle East and Africa Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Size Forecast by County (2021-2026)

14 Research Findings and Conclusion

15 Appendix15.1 Research Methodology15.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach15.1.2 Data Source15.2 Author Details15.3 Disclaimer

About Us:QYResearch always pursuits high product quality with the belief that quality is the soul of business. Through years of effort and supports from huge number of customer supports, QYResearch consulting group has accumulated creative design methods on many high-quality markets investigation and research team with rich experience. Today, QYResearch has become the brand of quality assurance in consulting industry.

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Magnolia Officinalis Bark Extract Market 2020| Global Leading Players, Industry Updates, Future Growth, Business Prospects, Forthcoming Developments...

There is incredible power in our daily habits. This can be a positive thingincorporating healthy habits can have a tremendous impact on our wellbeing and help us feel more focused and productive as we go about our workdayor a negativein the case of unhealthy habits that undermine our health and make it harder to function optimally.

Sometimes the bad habits or the parts of our routine that arent helping us are obvious, but other times, we need to dig deeper to understandbut how? There is a lot of information out there, but it can be hard to know what to apply to your own situation. I cant tell you how many times I have seen someone try a diet or workout routine or product that just wasnt a good fit for them, only to wind up feeling more confused about their own healthand not any better.

The foods that some people thrive on may not be a good fit for othersand health experts say that's ... [+] okay.

I interviewed several leading health and wellness experts about the importance of taking an individualized approach to wellness, practicing bio-individuality by honoring their unique needs.

Dr. Will Cole, IFMCP, DC, leading functional medicine expert and author of The Inflammation Spectrum and Ketotarian, explains, We each have our own biochemistry - a unique combination of genetics that is different than anyone else. Because of this, what affects us health wise (diet, environmental triggers) and how that plays out in your health case (symptoms, diagnoses) is going to be different from person to person. Ultimately, there is no one-size-fits-all when it comes to health.

He adds, While there are certain foods that can trigger inflammation in most people such as conventional sugar and processed foods, there are also so-called healthy foods that can trigger inflammation in one person but not another. For example, I've seen spinach be an inflammatory trigger for some peopleand most people would agree that spinach is a 'healthy' food. But for some individuals those healthy foods aren't so healthy. Dr. Cole, who guides patients through specialized elimination diets explains that going through an individualized elimination diet will help you discover your individual food triggers so you can build the healthiest diet for you.

Dietitian Maya Feller counsels patients with a wide variety of needs and tailors her recommendations to what that individual person may need. When we look at population-wide data, we know many Americans are not meeting the recommended intake for fiber, choline, magnesium, iron, calcium, vitamins A, D, E and potassium. However, each person may have specific concerns depending on their health history, diet pattern, medications, lifestyle and work schedule, just to name a few factors.

Feller, who is a partner of Life Extension, is a firm believer in working with a credentialed healthcare provider and using lab tests to assess what your individual needs are in regard to which gaps in the diet you need to fill. When someone is unable to meet their needs through food, she says, I think safe supplementation is key.

Practicing bio-individuality involves tuning in to the foods and lifestyle habits that support your ... [+] health and wellbeing.

Another area where paying attention to your unique needs is your skincare. Whether we are interacting with people in person or virtually, feeling confident in our skins health and appearance can play a role in how we present ourselves in our work life.

Dr. Kiran Mian is an aesthetic and medical dermatologist in New York City. She says, There are many factors that play into what our skin looks and feels like, including our diet, our sleeping habits, our mood and stress level, as well as our genetics. Our genetics even determine how our bodies handle these different factors. Speaking to a board certified dermatologist can help tease out the different factors affecting your skin. For example, I had a patient continuously breaking out on the left side of his face, and it turns out thats where his headset sat while he was at work. I also suggest my patients keep a food and skincare journal. Writing down what you ate, how much youve slept, and how your skin has been going during that time helps us find patterns. Its not always a direct causation, but an overall pattern were looking for.

Because social media is where so many people go for health information and inspiration, its important to consider how what we see may impact how empowered we feel to practice bio-individuality as opposed to trying to conform to standards and ideals that may not apply to us at all.

When we think about the wellness space historically, says Feller, it's been exclusive and has used white people as the barometer, asking people, regardless of where they are to blind themselves up with a white ideal. If were able to expand that space, that will make it possible for people with more diverse backgrounds from more places to be a part of that conversation...all of those people can be in the space in a way where they are seen and heard without asking them to shift to a white ideal.

Dr. Cole echoes, Health and wellness can do a better job at representing other people and giving them a chance to share their stories and showcase their wellness journey. Whether that is someone wanting to be healthy or get into the wellness field as a practitioner, the more the wellness community can practice diversity, the more we can empower everyone to take back control of their health.

Racial diversity is important so that people feel represented, seen, heard, and part of the conversation, says Dr. Mian. We are all human, and human skin under the microscope looks the same. However, all the factors that influence skin are different, based on our cultures. This is a beautiful thing that should be celebrated.

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Wellness Experts Discuss The Importance Of Individualizing Your Approach To Health - Forbes

MARQUETTE COUNTY, Mich. (WLUC) - Beginning Monday, July 13, the KMQT WSR-88D Radar operated by NOAAs National Weather Service near Marquette, will be down for approximately two weeks for an important upgrade.

Technicians will refurbish and replace the pedestal, one of the most critical components of the radar, which is necessary for antenna rotation and positioning to capture data in all directions. The components are extremely heavy and will require the radome to be removed by crane and replaced when the work is completed.

The radar and pedestal were designed to last 25 years, and this radar has exceeded its life-span. This activity is necessary to keep the radar functioning for another 20 years or more.

The pedestal refurbishment is the third major project of the NEXRAD Service Life Extension Program, a series of upgrades that will keep our nations radars viable into the 2030s. NOAAs National Weather Service, the United States Air Force, and the Federal Aviation Administration are investing $135 million in the eight year program. The first project was the installation of the new signal processor and the second project was the refurbishment of the transmitter. The fourth project will be the refurbishment of the equipment shelters. The Service Life Extension Program will be complete in 2023.

During the downtime, adjacent radars will be available, including: Green Bay (KGRB), Duluth (KDLH), and Gaylord (KAPX). For direct access to any of these surrounding radar sites, visit https://radar.weather.gov/

The KMQT WSR-88D is part of a network of 159 operational radars. The Radar Operations Center in Norman, Oklahoma, provides lifecycle management and support for all WSR-88Ds.

The National Weather Service near Marquette, Michigan can be found on the web at weather.gov/mqt or on social media, NWSMarquette on Facebook or NWSMarquette on Twitter.

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National Weather Service announces radar outage during major upgrade in July - UpperMichigansSource.com

By Kelli McGrane, MS, RD

Zinc is an essential micronutrient that's needed for numerous functions in your body. It's also important for a strong immune system and helps keep your skin, eyes, and heart healthy.

While there are many food sources of zinc, including meat and shellfish, some people may be at a higher risk of not getting enough zinc in their diets.

For example, those with inadequate access to food, pregnant or breastfeeding women, vegetarians and vegans, people with gastrointestinal disorders, and individuals taking certain medications like diuretics and anticonvulsants may benefit from a zinc supplement.

The zinc supplements in this review are all manufactured by reputable companies that follow Good Manufacturing Processes (GMP), use high quality ingredients, and test for purity and quality.

Here are the 10 best zinc supplements to help you meet your nutritional needs.

General price ranges with dollar signs ($ to $$) are indicated below. One dollar sign means the product is rather affordable, whereas three dollar signs indicate a higher price range.

Generally, prices range from $0.08$1.39 per serving, or $5.99$38.90 per container, though this may vary depending on where you shop.

Pricing guide

Note that the serving sizes vary. Some supplements require two capsules per serving, while the serving size for others may be 1 teaspoon (5 mL), 1 mL, or one capsule, tablet, or lozenge.

Price: $

Thorne Research is a supplement company that has its own dedicated scientists, labs, and research facilities for nutrition supplements.

All of their products are made in a lab that meets regulations and standards set by NSF International and the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), which is a regulatory body in Australia that's responsible for assessing the safety of supplements.

Furthermore, their products are NSF Certified for Sport. This means that the products are tested to ensure the absence of more than 200 substances banned by many major athletic organizations.

Thorne Research's Zinc Picolinate is one of the best zinc supplements on the market due to the company's high quality standards, purity of ingredients, and form of zinc used.

Older research suggests that zinc picolinate may be one of the easiest forms of zinc for your body to digest and absorb.

One tablet of this supplement provides 30 mg of zinc picolinate. For best results take one tablet per day, or as recommended by your healthcare provider.

Shop for Thorne Research's Zinc Picolinate online.

Price: $

Chelated zinc is a type of zinc supplement that uses a chelating agent to help your body absorb zinc more easily.

While there are several chelated zinc supplements on the market, one of the best options is NOW Foods' Zinc Glycinate softgels.

Each softgel contains 30 mg of zinc glycinate a form of zinc that human and animal studies suggest may be better absorbed than other types of zinc.

All NOW Foods supplements are certified by Underwriters Laboratories and follow GMP to ensure the quality and accuracy of their products. Additionally, these supplements tend to be more affordable than many other high quality brands.

Shop for NOW Foods Zinc Glycinate Softgels online.

Nature's Way produces high quality supplements that are more affordable than many other brands on the market.

All of their supplements are manufactured in facilities that NSF has certified as meeting GMP requirements, which include a set of guidelines to ensure accuracy, quality, and purity of products.

In addition, their products are non-GMO, organic, and TRU-ID certified. TRU-ID certification is a relatively new independent testing program that uses DNA to verify the authenticity of ingredients in supplements.

For zinc products, Nature's Way offers zinc chelate capsules and zinc lozenges, both of which are budget-friendly.

Price: $

These zinc chelate capsules are gluten-free and provide 30 mg per capsule.

For best results, adults and adolescents over the age of 14 should take one capsule daily with food, or as recommended by your healthcare provider.

Shop for Nature's Way Zinc Chelate Tablets online.

Price: $

For those interested in lozenges, each of Nature's Way's Zinc Lozenges provides 23 mg of zinc, as well as 100 mg of vitamin C and 20 mg of Echinacea purpurea.

Although the label suggests that adults can take up to 6 lozenges per day, this would push your daily zinc intake way over the suggested 40-mg tolerable upper intake level (UL) set for zinc.

Taking too much zinc can have adverse effects on your health and may interfere with the absorption of other nutrients. It's important that you check with your healthcare provider before taking high dose zinc supplements to ensure safety.

Shop for Nature's Way Zinc Lozenges online.

Price: $

While it's not always obvious, some supplements can contain animal-derived ingredients, making the product unsuitable for vegans.

Some commonly used ingredients that aren't vegan-friendly include digestive enzymes like lipase, caprylic acid from milk, gelatin, and magnesium stearate, which is often pork-derived.

Garden of Life is a whole-foods-based supplement brand with products that are certified organic and non-GMO verified.

Their Vitamin Code Raw Zinc is a good option for vegans, as it's third-party tested to ensure the product is vegan, as well as gluten-free.

In addition to providing 30 mg of plant-based zinc, each serving also contains vitamin C, a raw organic fruit and vegetable blend, and live probiotics and enzymes to support healthy digestion.

It's recommended that adults take one serving of 2 capsules per day with or without meals. For those who have difficulty swallowing pills, the capsules can also be opened to pour the contents into a glass of water or other beverage.

Shop for Garden of Life Vitamin Code Raw Zinc online.

For those who have difficulty swallowing pills, liquid forms of zinc may be better tolerated.

Price: $$

Metagenics is a supplement company devoted to transparency and quality. Each ingredient and supplement batch is tested for quality, and you can even access a detailed testing report for the specific supplement you're looking to buy.

As part of their quality assurance, all Metagenics supplements are USP-verified and meet NSF and Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) safety and quality regulations.

Their Zinc Drink liquid supplement contains only water and 15 mg of zinc sulfate per serving, making it free of any additives and preservatives.

For best results, take 1 teaspoon (5 mL) per day of the Zinc Drink between meals. While you can take the supplement on its own, it can also be mixed into a glass of water.

Shop for Metagenics Zinc Drink online.

Price: $$

Peak Performance supplements are made in the United States and developed for busy athletes and professionals.

In addition to being free of major allergens, including soy, dairy, wheat, egg, shellfish, and peanuts, Peak Performance's Raw Ionic Liquid Zinc is also vegan-friendly.

By running zinc through a high pressure, low heat process, the zinc particles in this liquid supplement are very small in size, which may make it easier for your body to absorb.

One full dropper provides 15 mg of zinc sulfate a form of zinc that has been shown to help prevent zinc deficiency, reduce symptoms of severe acne, and possibly help slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (6Trusted Source, 12Trusted Source).

All Peak Performance supplements undergo third-party testing for quality and accuracy. They're also manufactured following Food and Drug Administration (FDA), GMP, and NSF regulations and standards.

Adults should take one full dropper (1 mL) once a day on an empty stomach, or use as directed by your healthcare provider.

Shop for Peak Performance Raw Ionic Liquid Zinc online.

Price: $

Zinc lozenges are small tablets that are meant to dissolve slowly in your mouth. They're typically taken for short periods to help reduce the symptoms and duration of the common cold.

In fact, one review found that consuming a dose of 8092 mg of zinc from zinc lozenges per day helped reduce the duration of the common cold by up to 33%.

Life Extension has been making high quality supplements for over 40 years.

In addition to being manufactured in an NSF-registered GMP facility, each product has a certificate of analysis that's available for consumers to confirm the quality and accuracy of a specific product.

Life Extension's Enhanced Zinc Lozenges contain 18.75 mg of zinc acetate a form of zinc that has been shown to shorten the duration of colds by up to 40%.

Adults can take 1 lozenge every 2 hours up to 8 times a day. However, it's not recommended to consume these lozenges for more than 3 days in a row. Also, note that taking this supplement 8 times per day will greatly exceed the daily UL of 40 mg.

Shop for Life Extension Enhanced Zinc Lozenges online.

Price: $

If you're looking for an organic zinc supplement, NutriGold's Zinc Gold is one of the best options out there.

Each capsule contains 15 mg of whole-foods-based zinc that's derived from an organic sprouted blend, which the supplement claims may be gentler on your stomach.

Additionally, NutritGold's supplements are certified organic by SCS Global Services, an official partner of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) that sets sustainability, quality, and organic standards.

Each product is also third-party tested, as well as non-GMO and vegan certified.

Adults should take 1 capsule daily, or as directed by your healthcare provider.

Shop for NutriGold Zinc Gold online.

Price: $

If you're looking for a gluten-free zinc supplement, Pure Encapsulations is one of your best options.

The products are not only made in a facility that's NSF-registered GMP but also certified gluten-free by the Gluten-Free Certification Organization (GFCO). Plus, they contain zinc picolinate to optimize digestion and absorption.

For optimal results, it's recommended to take one 30-mg zinc picolinate capsule daily with food.

Shop for Pure Encapsulations Zinc online.

When choosing a zinc supplement, it's important to consider the type of zinc, dosage, and supplement form.

There are several types of zinc supplements. Some, such as zinc picolinate, may be better absorbed, while zinc acetate may be more effective at shortening the duration of the common cold.

As for dosage, the recommended daily dosage for adults is typically 1530 mg of elemental zinc per day. Elemental zinc is generally the amount listed on the label of your supplement.

Due to potential side effects of excess zinc, it's best not to exceed 40 mg per day unless under medical supervision.

Taking too much zinc can cause adverse side effects, such as decreased immune function, low copper levels, and reduced HDL (good) cholesterol levels.

Regarding the form, zinc supplements are available as capsules, lozenges, and liquids. For those who are unable or prefer not to swallow pills, liquid forms are likely a better option.

Before buying any supplement, it's important to research high quality, trustworthy brands to ensure both safety and accuracy.

Look for supplements that are produced by reputable manufactures and free of large amounts of added ingredients like fillers, additives, and preservatives.

A good way to ensure the quality of a product is to look for ones that have been certified by a third-party company, such as NSF International or Underwriters Labs.

Zinc is an essential nutrient that you need to get enough of in your diet. However, as not everyone is able to meet their need through foods alone, supplements can help reduce the risk of a zinc deficiency.

Of course, not all supplements are created equal. It's important to look for high quality products that have been tested to ensure quality and accuracy.

If you're concerned about your zinc intake, it's worth speaking with your healthcare provider to see if a zinc supplement is a good option, as well as to determine an optimal dose.

Reposted with permission from Healthline. For detailed source information, please view the original article on Healthline.

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The 10 Best Zinc Supplements of 2020 - EcoWatch

F-35A AF-6 releases inert B61-12 during a dual capable aircraft (DCA) test flight in the skies above Edwards Air Force Base, California, on Nov. 25, 2011. (All images: DoD)

It is not a secret that the F-35A, the CTOL (Convetional Take Off and Landing) variant of the Lightning II aircraft, will be dual capable aircraft (DCA), meaning that it will have the ability to deliver nuclear ordnance as well as conventional weapons. Such dual capability is expected to be included in the Block 4 software release, with initial capability for the B61-12 weapon. Although the F-35A DCA is scheduled to achieve nuclear certification in January, 2023, testing at the 461st FLTS, the test squadron that oversees developmental testing of all variants of the fifth-generation F-35 Lightning II at Edwards Air Force Base, California, has started in 2019.

Images just released by the F-35 Joint Program Office (the Department of Defenses agency responsible for developing and acquiring the F-35A/B/C) show various drop tests of inert nuclear bombs between 2019 and 2020.

The photos distributed to the DVIDS distribution service provide additional details about the dates when the tests were carried out: the first separation test with AF-1 flown by Jason Shulze was conducted on Jun. 27, 2019; sixth separation test with AF-1 (pilot unspecified) was carried out on Nov. 7, 2019; first separation test from AF-6 flown by Major Chris Beast Taylor was conducted on Nov. 25, 2019. Separation test #6 with AF-1 was carried out with F-35 AF-01 flown by Major Rachael Banshee Winiecki on Feb. 6, 2020. A more recent test with AF-6 was carried out on Apr. 2, 2020 (no additional detail can be gathered about this test).

As already explained in a previous article:

the B61-12 represent the latest LEP (Life-Extention Program) upgrade to the B61 line of nuclear weapons that has already been extensively tested with the F-15E Strike Eagles of the 422nd Test and Evaluation Squadron, back in 2015.

The Life Extension Program or LEP, will replace the B61 -3, -4, -7, and -10 mods, with the -12 that, along with the B83, will become the only remaining gravity delivered nukes in the inventory.

The B61-12 gravity bomb ensures the current capability for the air-delivered leg of the U.S. strategic nuclear triad well into the future for both bombers and dual-capable aircraft supporting NATO, said Paul Waugh, AFNWCs Air-Delivered Capabilities director in a U.S. Air Force release dated Apr. 13 (more or less when the world learned about the first use of the famous MOAB in Afghanistan). The B61-12 will be compatible with the B-2A, B-21, F-15E, F-16C/D, F-16 MLU, F-35 and PA-200 aircraft.

The LEP increases the B61s accuracy so much that it will have the same capability against hardened targets as the much more powerful weapons it is replacing.

With the integration of the B61-12, the iconic nuclear fighter role, performed in the past by the F-15E and F-16, is being passed to the F-35A to play a future role in national security. Other partner nations are slated to transfer the NATO nuclear role to the F-35A in the future.

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Here Are The First Photos Of The F-35A Jets Dropping Inert B61-12 Nuclear Bombs During DCA Tests - The Aviationist

A RNoAF towing a little sledge on an apron in Norway. (Image: screenshot from the video below).

The footage below shows an F-5A Freedom Fighter of the 336 Sqn of the RNoAF (Royal Norwegian Air Force) towing a person on a sort-of sledge on a frozen apron. According to the user who uploaded the clip to Youtube, when the technical status of our F-5B twoseaters went low, creative training methods were required. A funny scene from a 336 sqn video showing a F-5 fighter jet towing an instructor giving taxi instructions from a sledge.

Obviously, the description is hilarious: it looks like the personnel of the 336 Sqn based at Rygge, 60 kilometers outside Oslo, in eastern Norway, wanted to exploit the frozen surface of the apron for a joke and hooked a cable and an improvised sledge to the rear end of the F-5 for some fast turns during the taxi operations of the Tiger. At a certain point, the little sled capsizes and the military, holding the cable tight with his hands, is towed with his belly on the ground.

Although the engines were running at idle power for the taxi, at that distance, the person on the sledge, while risking to be crashed on the nearby hangar or against one of the fire extinguishers on the apron, was probably getting some of the exhaust gas and heat

The video is quite old (from an era when such jokes were much more frequent than nowadays, when some stunts would probably be punished), dating back to a period between 1987 and 2000 when the 336 Skvadron was disbanded (on Jun. 30, 2000).

The RNoAF started receiving the first Northrop F-5s in February 1966, when 9 Northrop F-5A(G) and 2 Northrop F-5B(G) arrived from Edwards AFB to Sola AB via Kirtland, Langley-Loring, Goose Bay, Sondrestfjorden, Keflavik, Prestwick. According to the Northrop F-5 Enthusiast Page, deliveries were completed by December 1970 and included 78 Northrop F-5(G), 23 of those funded through the US Military Aid Program; 16 RF-5A(G); 14 F-5B(G), 8 funded through MAP. The aircraft were upgraded beginning in 1984, through a Service Life Extension Programme (SLEP) started in 1984 and ended in 1986 that involved 17 Northrop F-5A and 13 F-5B(G) aircraft. A further upgrade included the ALE-38 chaff/flare dispenses (these were later replaced by ALE-40). As part of this upgrade, that was completed in November 1987, the aircraft received also light gray colours. Considered that the aircraft in the video show both the chaff and flares dispensers as well as the light grey color scheme, the clip must have been filmed after 1987.

H/T Alex Snow for posting the video

Read more from the original source:
Crazy Video Shows F-5A Freedom Fighter Towing A Person On A Little Sledge On A Frozen Apron in Norway - The Aviationist

Oscar Isaac casts doubts on whether or not hed return to the galaxy far, far away. David Koepp teases his still-alive Bride of Frankenstein remake. Warner Bros. is bringing The Halloween Tree to the big screen. Plus, get a look at Studio Ghiblis new CG movie, and Doom Patrol battles the terrifyingly disco Doctor Tyme. Spoilers now!

Deadline reports Warner Bros. is now developing a live-action film adaptation of Ray Bradburys The Halloween Tree with Will Dunn attached to write the screenplay. The original story concerns a group of trick-or-treaters who must rescue their friend, Pip, from The Land of the Dead with help from a mysterious man named Carapace Clavicle Moundshroud.

Appearing as a guest on The Boo! Crew podcast, David Koepp revealed his Bride of Frankenstein remake will deal with themes of life extension and bodily autonomy.

I just gave Universal a new draft about a month ago and they seem to really like it and theyre talking to directors. Its become the story of how are we extending our lives; can we create life, can we cheat death? It only gets more and more relevant over time. The big life extension work right now thats being out in Silicon Valley is overwhelming, impressive and scary, and I feel like a present day version of that is begging to be made.

The other thing is she is a woman who is not created but resurrected, and certain people feel ownership over her, and that almost too relevant today in the era of #metoo. What are her rights as a person, the person that exists, if you were dead? There are a lot of really interesting questions that are raised. Again, its horror effortlessly lending itself to metaphor.

[Bloody-Disgusting]

In a recent Deadline panel with Paul Schrader, Oscar Isaac stated hed only return to the Star Wars franchise if he needed a new house or something.

If I need another house or something. Its not really what I set out to do. What I set out to do was to make handmade movies, and to work with people that inspire me. Paul [Schrader]s movies, the things that hes made, its in my DNA. Im not alone, obviously. [For] every actor of a certain generation, those are the films that made them who they are, so thats certainly my case. It feels like for me a personal turning point and that, as far as Im concerned, it has nothing to do with the finished product. Its the process of doing this.

/Film has new images from Studio Ghiblis first-ever fully-CG animated feature, Aya and the Witch. Head over there to see the rest.

Reality takes a holiday in the trailer for Parallax (not to be confused with the DC Comics villain), opening July 10 in select global theatres.

In a recent interview with Deadline, the Duffer Brothers teased a couple of cool celebrity guest stars in the next season.

We have a couple of cool ones this year. Its a really fun way to meet one of your icons. You know, write a part for them and see if they want to do it.

[Deadline]

Nickelodeon has ordered a CG reboot of The Smurfs from Alvin and the Chipmunks writers Peter Saisselin and Amy Serafin with William Renaud (Caspers Scare School)attached to direct. [TV Line]

Speaking with Comic Book, Geoff Johns shared his thoughts on the yin and yang between Hourman and Doctor Mid-Nite.

If youre going to have Courtney actively recruiting like Hourman and Doctor Mid-Nite kind of always felt like a yin and yang to me because you have one thats very physical and one thats very intellectual. And I always saw them as The Flash and Green Lantern of the JSA and even when Rick and Beth joined Infinity Inc., they did it in the same issue. They just felt, theyve always felt like they were this interesting pair that, to me, that they look cool together, they were very different, they approach things differently.

Rex was an extrovert and Charles McNider was an introvert. They had these great dynamics between these two and I love the characters for that. And I felt like when we were introducing them both, if Courtney was actively pursuing Rick, well, then wed have Beth, as shes trying to recruit one person, while somebody else is kind of recruiting herself, is getting involved herself.

The 100 gets a backdoor pilot for a prequel series with the synopsis for Anaconda airing July 9.

THE PAST Clarke (Eliza Taylor) confronts a new adversary. A surprising connection takes us back to the past and the nuclear apocalypse that destroyed the Earth. Bob Morley, Marie Avgeropoulos, Lindsey Morgan, Richard Harmon, Tasya Teles, Shannon Kook, JR Bourne, Shelby Flannery and Chuku Modu also star. Ed Fraiman directed the episode written by Jason Rothenberg (#713).

[Spoiler TV]

KSiteTV has photos from the first two episodes of Doom Patrols second season, Fun Size Patrol and Tyme Patrol. Click on the relevant episode title for more.

The latest promo for the second season of The Twilight Zone includes brief glimpses of new footage.

Finally, a promo for this weeks season finale of Harley Quinn provides no new footage, instead, encouraging fans to catch up on DC Universe.

Banner art by Jim Cooke.

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Updates from Stranger Things, Twilight Zone, and More - Gizmodo Australia

ST. PETERSBURG, Russia (PRWEB) June 18, 2020

The Vitaspace project was founded by the famous Russian entrepreneur Andrey Fomenko in 2018. Its goal is to join forces to radically prolong life and find a way (medicine or technology) that will help to preserve youth, restore health, and significantly postpone the aging period. This project was supported by various scientists from all over the world, doctors, and all people who care.

The other day, Vitaspace members published a petition at http://www.change.org calling for the acception of their Declaration on Radical Life Extension to ensure that all people and nations respect its foundations and promote its initiatives. The founders of Vitaspace have also sent an official letter to the UN to consider and support this document.

The Declaration on Radical Extension of Life consists of two parts: the first - Human Rights - proclaims the right to a long, healthy life as the most important value to be respected and protected; the second - Activities - is a practical strategy to overcome the challenges to a long, active life.

As Vitaspace citizens believe, radical prolongation of life and youth is a real opportunity, not an unattainable goal. In their opinion, people and governments of all countries should unite in the fight against the two worst enemies of humanity - aging and death.

Vitaspace is looking forward to the support of all interested people in the distribution of the Declaration, as well as the participation of the UN in the implementation of its ideas.

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The UN is going to consider the Vitaspace Declaration on Radical Life Extension - PR Web

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Zinc is an essential micronutrient thats needed for numerous functions in your body. Its also important for a strong immune system and helps keep your skin, eyes, and heart healthy (1, 2, 3, 4).

While there are many food sources of zinc, including meat and shellfish, some people may be at a higher risk of not getting enough zinc in their diets (5).

For example, those with inadequate access to food, pregnant or breastfeeding women, vegetarians and vegans, people with gastrointestinal disorders, and individuals taking certain medications like diuretics and anticonvulsants may benefit from a zinc supplement (5, 6, 7).

The zinc supplements in this review are all manufactured by reputable companies that follow Good Manufacturing Processes (GMP), use high quality ingredients, and test for purity and quality.

Here are the 10 best zinc supplements to help you meet your nutritional needs.

Price: $

Thorne Research is a supplement company that has its own dedicated scientists, labs, and research facilities for nutrition supplements.

All of their products are made in a lab that meets regulations and standards set by NSF International and the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), which is a regulatory body in Australia thats responsible for assessing the safety of supplements.

Furthermore, their products are NSF Certified for Sport. This means that the products are tested to ensure the absence of more than 200 substances banned by many major athletic organizations.

Thorne Researchs Zinc Picolinate is one of the best zinc supplements on the market due to the companys high quality standards, purity of ingredients, and form of zinc used.

Older research suggests that zinc picolinate may be one of the easiest forms of zinc for your body to digest and absorb (8).

One tablet of this supplement provides 30 mg of zinc picolinate. For best results take one tablet per day, or as recommended by your healthcare provider.

Shop for Thorne Researchs Zinc Picolinate online.

Price: $

Chelated zinc is a type of zinc supplement that uses a chelating agent to help your body absorb zinc more easily.

While there are several chelated zinc supplements on the market, one of the best options is NOW Foods Zinc Glycinate softgels.

Each softgel contains 30 mg of zinc glycinate a form of zinc that human and animal studies suggest may be better absorbed than other types of zinc. (9, 10).

All NOW Foods supplements are certified by Underwriters Laboratories and follow GMP to ensure the quality and accuracy of their products. Additionally, these supplements tend to be more affordable than many other high quality brands.

Shop for NOW Foods Zinc Glycinate Softgels online.

Natures Way produces high quality supplements that are more affordable than many other brands on the market.

All of their supplements are manufactured in facilities that NSF has certified as meeting GMP requirements, which include a set of guidelines to ensure accuracy, quality, and purity of products.

In addition, their products are non-GMO, organic, and TRU-ID certified. TRU-ID certification is a relatively new independent testing program that uses DNA to verify the authenticity of ingredients in supplements.

For zinc products, Natures Way offers zinc chelate capsules and zinc lozenges, both of which are budget-friendly.

Price: $

These zinc chelate capsules are gluten-free and provide 30 mg per capsule.

For best results, adults and adolescents over the age of 14 should take one capsule daily with food, or as recommended by your healthcare provider.

Shop for Natures Way Zinc Chelate Tablets online.

200

Price: $

For those interested in lozenges, each of Natures Ways Zinc Lozenges provides 23 mg of zinc, as well as 100 mg of vitamin C and 20 mg of Echinacea purpurea.

Although the label suggests that adults can take up to 6 lozenges per day, this would push your daily zinc intake way over the suggested 40-mg tolerable upper intake level (UL) set for zinc (11).

Taking too much zinc can have adverse effects on your health and may interfere with the absorption of other nutrients. Its important that you check with your healthcare provider before taking high dose zinc supplements to ensure safety.

Shop for Natures Way Zinc Lozenges online.

Price: $$

While its not always obvious, some supplements can contain animal-derived ingredients, making the product unsuitable for vegans.

Some commonly used ingredients that arent vegan-friendly include digestive enzymes like lipase, caprylic acid from milk, gelatin, and magnesium stearate, which is often pork-derived.

Garden of Life is a whole-foods-based supplement brand with products that are certified organic and non-GMO verified.

Their Vitamin Code Raw Zinc is a good option for vegans, as its third-party tested to ensure the product is vegan, as well as gluten-free.

In addition to providing 30 mg of plant-based zinc, each serving also contains vitamin C, a raw organic fruit and vegetable blend, and live probiotics and enzymes to support healthy digestion.

Its recommended that adults take one serving of 2 capsules per day with or without meals. For those who have difficulty swallowing pills, the capsules can also be opened to pour the contents into a glass of water or other beverage.

Shop for Garden of Life Vitamin Code Raw Zinc online.

For those who have difficulty swallowing pills, liquid forms of zinc may be better tolerated.

Price: $$$

Metagenics is a supplement company devoted to transparency and quality. Each ingredient and supplement batch is tested for quality, and you can even access a detailed testing report for the specific supplement youre looking to buy.

As part of their quality assurance, all Metagenics supplements are USP-verified and meet NSF and Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) safety and quality regulations.

Their Zinc Drink liquid supplement contains only water and 15 mg of zinc sulfate per serving, making it free of any additives and preservatives.

For best results, take 1 teaspoon (5 mL) per day of the Zinc Drink between meals. While you can take the supplement on its own, it can also be mixed into a glass of water.

Shop for Metagenics Zinc Drink online.

Price: $$$

Peak Performance supplements are made in the United States and developed for busy athletes and professionals.

In addition to being free of major allergens, including soy, dairy, wheat, egg, shellfish, and peanuts, Peak Performances Raw Ionic Liquid Zinc is also vegan-friendly.

By running zinc through a high pressure, low heat process, the zinc particles in this liquid supplement are very small in size, which may make it easier for your body to absorb.

One full dropper provides 15 mg of zinc sulfate a form of zinc that has been shown to help prevent zinc deficiency, reduce symptoms of severe acne, and possibly help slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (6, 12).

All Peak Performance supplements undergo third-party testing for quality and accuracy. Theyre also manufactured following Food and Drug Administration (FDA), GMP, and NSF regulations and standards.

Adults should take one full dropper (1 mL) once a day on an empty stomach, or use as directed by your healthcare provider.

Shop for Peak Performance Raw Ionic Liquid Zinc online.

Price: $$

Zinc lozenges are small tablets that are meant to dissolve slowly in your mouth. Theyre typically taken for short periods to help reduce the symptoms and duration of the common cold.

In fact, one review found that consuming a dose of 8092 mg of zinc from zinc lozenges per day helped reduce the duration of the common cold by up to 33% (13).

Life Extension has been making high quality supplements for over 40 years.

In addition to being manufactured in an NSF-registered GMP facility, each product has a certificate of analysis thats available for consumers to confirm the quality and accuracy of a specific product.

Life Extensions Enhanced Zinc Lozenges contain 18.75 mg of zinc acetate a form of zinc that has been shown to shorten the duration of colds by up to 40% (13).

Adults can take 1 lozenge every 2 hours up to 8 times a day. However, its not recommended to consume these lozenges for more than 3 days in a row. Also, note that taking this supplement 8 times per day will greatly exceed the daily UL of 40 mg.

Shop for Life Extension Enhanced Zinc Lozenges online.

Price: $$

If youre looking for an organic zinc supplement, NutriGolds Zinc Gold is one of the best options out there.

Each capsule contains 15 mg of whole-foods-based zinc thats derived from an organic sprouted blend, which the supplement claims may be gentler on your stomach.

Additionally, NutritGolds supplements are certified organic by SCS Global Services, an official partner of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) that sets sustainability, quality, and organic standards.

Each product is also third-party tested, as well as non-GMO and vegan certified.

Adults should take 1 capsule daily, or as directed by your healthcare provider.

Shop for NutriGold Zinc Gold online.

Price: $

If youre looking for a gluten-free zinc supplement, Pure Encapsulations is one of your best options.

The products are not only made in a facility thats NSF-registered GMP but also certified gluten-free by the Gluten-Free Certification Organization (GFCO). Plus, they contain zinc picolinate to optimize digestion and absorption.

For optimal results, its recommended to take one 30-mg zinc picolinate capsule daily with food.

Shop for Pure Encapsulations Zinc online.

When choosing a zinc supplement, its important to consider the type of zinc, dosage, and supplement form.

There are several types of zinc supplements. Some, such as zinc picolinate, may be better absorbed, while zinc acetate may be more effective at shortening the duration of the common cold (8, 13).

As for dosage, the recommended daily dosage for adults is typically 1530 mg of elemental zinc per day. Elemental zinc is generally the amount listed on the label of your supplement (5, 6).

Due to potential side effects of excess zinc, its best not to exceed 40 mg per day unless under medical supervision (11).

Taking too much zinc can cause adverse side effects, such as decreased immune function, low copper levels, and reduced HDL (good) cholesterol levels.

Regarding the form, zinc supplements are available as capsules, lozenges, and liquids. For those who are unable or prefer not to swallow pills, liquid forms are likely a better option.

Before buying any supplement, its important to research high quality, trustworthy brands to ensure both safety and accuracy.

Look for supplements that are produced by reputable manufactures and free of large amounts of added ingredients like fillers, additives, and preservatives.

A good way to ensure the quality of a product is to look for ones that have been certified by a third-party company, such as NSF International or Underwriters Labs.

Zinc is an essential nutrient that you need to get enough of in your diet. However, as not everyone is able to meet their need through foods alone, supplements can help reduce the risk of a zinc deficiency.

Of course, not all supplements are created equal. Its important to look for high quality products that have been tested to ensure quality and accuracy.

If youre concerned about your zinc intake, its worth speaking with your healthcare provider to see if a zinc supplement is a good option, as well as to determine an optimal dose.

Read the original here:
The 10 Best Zinc Supplements of 2020 - Healthline

Late February was the last time I saw Mr. Fields, a man in his sixties with debilitating nausea, bloating and regurgitation. (To protect his privacy, I have changed his name and other identifying details.) His symptoms made it difficult for him to eat, and he was losing weight visibly from one clinic visit to the next. His last upper endoscopy - a procedure to inspect the top of his gastrointestinal tract - was aborted because there was a pile of food sitting in his stomach, despite his having fasted since midnight the day before. We had discussed repeating the endoscopy after a prolonged liquid diet to determine what was holding up his digestion (a tumor, an ulcer, or a general sluggishness of the muscle) and to use this information to guide his treatment.

Then the pandemic hit, and priorities changed. On a Friday afternoon in mid-March, I was asked to cancel the bulk of the procedures I had scheduled for the following Monday. From higher up, we received instructions to review every patient's chart, to separate the emergent from the urgent from routine. Mr. Fields certainly wasn't the only one perched on a borderline - it's the nature of my gastroenterology practice, as it is for most diagnostic proceduralists, not to know what I'll find until I go looking. My colleagues and I turned to each other for guidance. How worried would you be about an 80-year-old with iron-deficiency anemia? How about a 40-year-old with rectal bleeding? A 20-year-old unable to swallow? There was no question that they merited procedures, but when? Could they stand to wait four weeks? Eight? Twelve?

What does "elective" mean, really? It's intuitive to think about illness as varying along a spectrum of urgency: On one end, a hangnail; on the other, a heart attack. The term also implies that treatment can also vary along a spectrum of need, from cosmetic surgery to cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Most of medicine sits in the middle, asking us to balance potential health benefits against potential costs, such as missed diagnoses, procedural complications or, more recently, a covid-19 infection after visiting a medical building.

While the country debates whether to prioritize reopening the economy or minimizing preventable deaths, we face our own complicated trade-offs within the practice of medicine. The pandemic logic of triage - a process, borrowed from wartime, of prioritizing sick individuals according to the severity of their prognosis - exerts novel pressure on a system not used to such resource scarcity. Individual clinicians are grappling with what is truly necessary and urgent.

During my first week back to work in the endoscopy suite last month, I had trouble convincing any of my originally scheduled patients to come in for their procedures.Their episodic abdominal pain, refractory heartburn, and unrelenting diarrhea had seemed pressing just a few months before, but now the threat of infection loomed larger. Alongside clinicians, patients make their own judgments about what constitutes essential health care - about how to value the reassurance of resolving old symptoms against the risk of getting sick with something new and even more uncertain.

The calculus quickly gets complicated. We have to weigh not only the patient's health but that of the physicians, nurses, technicians and custodians who keep a procedural space operational. Concerns about infection also ripple from patients and providers to all their family members who might be affected. The masks and gowns protecting one cohort of health care workers could always be set aside for a needier cohort later. And staff relieved of their nonessential duties in a procedural suite could theoretically be reassigned to other settings where they might be of greater service.

On the other side of the equation, there are certainly diseases that become more dangerous when left unattended. A few of my colleagues in other cities worry vocally about how many gastrointestinal malignancies they'll find once routine practice picks up again. Less vocally, they worry about the legal implications of not having made the diagnosis earlier, wondering if they'll be liable for not having pushed more procedures into hospital settings even as federal or professional society guidance and state executive orders limited elective procedures. The potential hazards of clinical lag time also hold true for other specialty areas - blurry vision can herald impending strokes, and unattended orthopedic injuries can settle into contractures. In the background is the unsettling awareness that interventions deemed essential in one state may be elective in the next, particularly for politically sensitive services like abortion.

The line dividing essential from elective care is always a subjective one, because risk-benefit calculations tend to shift over time. The past few months have occasioned especially dramatic fluidity, but larger-scale changes have also unfolded over the past several decades. In the 1960s, specialties began lobbying for new interventional environments like the ambulatory surgical center, while emergency rooms arose as distinct hospital spaces for managing acute concerns. Meanwhile, chronic disease prevalence and pharmaceutical incentives inspired increasing professional interest in the idea of risk states (like high cholesterol as a precondition for heart disease, or age and gender as preconditions for breast cancer), which in turn entrenched preventive maneuvers (from annual physicals to mammograms to a daily aspirin) as vital elements of routine care. The insurance industry overlaid these developments with thorny questions about medical necessity.

In a sense, it's been remarkable how successfully patients have avoided clinical settings in these first few months of the pandemic. Early anecdotal reporting noted surprising drops in hospital admissions for common medical emergencies like cardiovascular events, appendicitis and strangulated hernias, and international data have begun to confirm these trends. In the United States, emergency catheterization procedures for life-threatening heart attacks were down 38 percent in the early phase of covid-19, despite predictions that those events would be, if anything, more prevalent during a viral pandemic. Fewer cirrhosis patients are being admitted to Veterans Health Administration hospitals, according to a study recently published by my colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania, and those who are admitted have been, on average, measurably sicker than baseline.

Contemporary biomedicine certainly prioritizes procedures financially, but also emotionally and culturally. Objective observations gathered by diagnostic maneuvers like CT scans, tissue biopsies and cardiac catheterizations have become a linchpin of clinical certainty. They are vital to a confident diagnosis and treatment plan and, when edged with the promise of life extension, serve as a kind of salve for the threat of mortality. These assumptions are so foundational to modern medicine that it can be shocking to question their validity.

Well before covid-19, the writer Barbara Ehrenreich detailed her decision to turn away from screening tests like colonoscopies, contending that they delude us into approaching death as a problem to be solved while at the same time invading the body to the point of violation: "if mammography seems like a refined sort of sadism," she notes, "colonoscopies mimic an actual sexual assault." It's a provocative argument, easier to accept in the abstract than when I recall patients with cancers I've found on years-overdue colonoscopies. Our infrastructure of high-tech diagnostic intervention can seem particularly bloated in the context of a pandemic, but patients and clinicians alike are often deeply and justifiably invested in it.

Ultimately, clean distinctions between essential vs. elective care are rhetorically convenient but clinically reductive. Sacrifices are entailed on both sides, and the messy work of negotiating the pros and cons will persist as the pandemic recedes. The same might be said for all-or-nothing debates pitting human life against a solvent economy - a compelling thought exercise, but less relevant in practical terms. Accumulating job losses are leaving more and more people uninsured, for example, forcing them to continue deferring elective medical care once it picks up again. Progressive dreams of radical reform notwithstanding, the medical and financial priorities of our healthcare system are deeply enmeshed, and for now, grappling with either means grappling with both.

Every day provides new data, and with it another opportunity to reweigh our priorities. In Philadelphia, where I work, our projected peak was at the end of April, and the first surge of covid-19 cases appears to have crested. Stocks of personal protective equipment are no longer dangerously depleted, and opportunities exist for systematic testing. These developments will afford us more space to evaluate those uninfected patients with separate, slow-burning complaints.

I recently re-connected with Mr. Fields; I hope he doesn't hold this interruption of his care against me. I'm ready to pick up where we left off, but covid-19 has made it harder to pretend that medicine operates in a vacuum. I marvel at the confidence of our pre-pandemic therapeutic encounters, which so often left implicit all the indelicate questions of financial incentives, workers' well-being, and the capacity of medicine to harm as well as to heal. Once the crisis lifts, it's hard to imagine returning to such thoughtless certainty.

Ahuja is an assistant professor of clinical medicine in the division of gastroenterology and hepatology at the University of Pennsylvania.

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The line between 'elective' and 'essential' is often hazy - Bryan-College Station Eagle

The global Eye Health Supplements Market research report thoroughly explains each and every aspect related to the Eye Health Supplements Market, which facilitates the reports reader to study and evaluate the upcoming market trend and execute the analytical data to promote the business. The growth trend forecasted on account of thorough examination offers in-depth information regarding the global Eye Health Supplements Market. A pathway of development is offered by the market to the several connected networks of businesses under it, which include different firms, industries, organizations, vendors, distributors, and local manufacturers too. All the key Eye Health Supplements Market players compete with each other by offering better products and services at a reasonable price in order to grab significant share at the regional and global level market.

The report includes the latest coverage of the impact of COVID-19 on the Eye Health Supplements Market. The incidence has affected nearly every aspect of the business domain. This study evaluates the current scenario and predicts future outcomes of the pandemic on the global economy.

The report incorporates an estimated impact of strict standards and regulations set by the government over the market in the upcoming years. The market report also comprises exhaustive research done using several analytical tools such as SWOT analysis to identify the market growth pattern.

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Major Players Are:Bausch + Lomb, Vitabiotics Ltd., Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Inc., Life Extension, Pfizer Inc., OmniActive Health Technologies, Algatechnologies, Alliance Pharma, The Natures Bounty Co., Novartis AG, and Amway Corp.

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The global Eye Health Supplements Market has been appearing as one of the most profit-making businesses in the globe. The market has been exhibiting considerable growth figures led by raw material affluence, increasing population, expanding regions, rapid elevating demand, and advanced technologies. The report is likely to be performed vigorously in the upcoming phase, analysts predicted after studying the market at a minute level.

Various analytical tools such as SWOT, Feasibility analysis, Porters Five Forces analysis, Value Chain analysis, and Capacity utilization analysis are implemented while evaluating the Eye Health Supplements Market which certainly helps a reader to get a deeper perception of the market and its participants. Additionally, it covers a cardinal evaluation of market history, patterns, changing dynamics, market and manufacturing trends, demand and supply activities, and technological development.

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Eye Health Supplements Market New Detailed Information: Market by Global Trends, Business Growth, and Forecasts 2026 - Flagler Times

Concrete deterioration can be a major problem for facilities managers anywhere, but its especially challenging to address when a facility needs to remain in operation during repairs.

A Terracon client in the amusement park industry approached facilities services staff with a heavily deteriorated, elevated concrete slab project, and specific expectations for the repair program results.

The slab was located within a swimming pool equipment building and had been exposed to moisture and pool sanitizing chemicals for an extended period of time. To get started, Terracon obtained four concrete dust samples from the slab.

Two samples were taken from the top of the slab and two from the bottom of the slab, both representing the concrete surrounding the reinforcement in their respective areas. The samples were analyzed in Terracon's materials laboratory and tested for chloride content according to the ASTM C1218 Standard Test Method for Water-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete. The test results indicated locations where the soluble chloride ion content in the concrete was well over the 0.15% maximum requirement for concrete exposure class C2.

In addition to chloride testing, two types of concrete compressive strength tests were performed; ASTM C42 Standard Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete and ASTM C805 Standard Test Method for Rebound Number of Hardened Concrete. The concrete compressive strength test results were found to be acceptable and suitable for a slab rehabilitation.

Due to the handling of highly corrosive materials on top of the slab, a vehicular traffic grade waterproofing membrane was specified.Terracon

The initial project requirements were to restore the slab while the pool equipment remained in operation and portions of the space remained in use, and the repair design should add 10 years of service life to the slab.

The design process included several iterations. Initially, the client received a budget for a repair program consisting of concrete repair, steel replacement, and waterproofing of the slab. When the client was presented with budget costs for the 10-year life extension repair program, they decided for an investment of that magnitude, the project requirements for added slab life had to be extended to 15 to 20 years.

Terracons design team went back to work and proposed adding a cathodic protection system to the repair design. This system includes a combination of an initial intense burst of current to passivate the rebar and long-term protection with the installation of internal impressed current, commonly known as galvanic anodes.

The state-of-the-art type of anodes used are a combination of impressed current applied by the anodes self-generated electric charge which passivates the ongoing corrosion process and a passive galvanic cathodic protection to prevent future corrosion damage. In laymans terms, it is a combination of a battery with a limited current life that stops ongoing corrosion, and a remaining cathodic sacrificial material, which will divert the corrosion from the reinforcing steel to itself until it is completely consumed, protecting the reinforcing steel from corroding.

The client had preconceived ideas for the repair program, the project outcome, as well as the cost of the implementation of a cathodic protection system. Terracon advised and educated the client regarding the most cost-efficient methods to achieve the desired outcome. When questions arose about proposed technology and repair method, Terracons design team presented the client with research, test results, and case studies to help them understand the repair technology and its benefits. This approach enabled the client to approve Terracons design solution and hire a qualified contractor to perform the repair work.

There was considerable concrete deterioration and spalling of the slab soffit.Terracon

The first step when implementing a cathodic protection system is to determine whether the reinforcing rebar mat in the structure is continuous. Reinforcing steel mat continuity is necessary to ensure that the applied current will reach each piece of reinforcing steel in the structure to be protected and to make sure there is an uninterrupted path of migration of the ions towards the sacrificial anode.

Following establishment of the reinforcing steel mat continuity, the anodes are installed at a spacing established by an engineering design, performed by an expert, based on the density of steel in the concrete.

Finally, the deteriorated concrete and concrete removed for the installation of the anodes and their wiring was restored. In this specific case, due to the handling of highly corrosive materials on top of the slab, a vehicular traffic grade waterproofing membrane was specified. The product selected had the following characteristics: 1) It is applied seamlessly to avoid leaks through joints; 2) It has high chemical resistance including to chlorine, 3) It has very low odor and is volatile organic compound-compliant (VOC) for application during active use of the building; and 4) It is slip resistant while surface is wet, making it ideal for this application.

Because of the concrete permeability, the chemicals containing chlorides, with the help of the water seepage, migrated towards the soffit of the slab. There was considerable concrete deterioration and spalling of the slab soffit. During pre-design inspections it was also apparent the bottom rebar mat was extremely corroded and had significant section loss. Upon removal of the concrete, Terracon inspected the rebar to determine whether it had to be replaced or had minimal section loss and could remain in use with proper treatment.

This presented a great challenge since certain locations of the slab soffit were inaccessible, due to of the presence of many pipes and pipe hangers. During the course of the repair work, the contractor requested an alternate method to add supplemental rebar to the areas with heavily corroded steel.

Terracons Facilities division had the expertise to propose an alternate solution.Terracon

Terracons Facilities division had the expertise to propose an alternate solution, whereby the lost area of steel due to corrosion was replaced with externally bonded carbon fiber polymers (CFRP), which could be applied within the space constraints.

The first step in CFRP design consists of determining the slabs residual capacity given the reduced area of existing steel in the section. The residual capacity is then compared to the design loads to determine the level of deficiency. If the deficiency falls within the limits of CFRP, then the corresponding number of layers, width, and spacing is calculated and specified in the repair design.

CFRP is applied to a prepared, open pore, concrete surface and is achieved by means of mechanical tools for small applications or media blasting for larger areas. In this case, after the concrete repair was completed, a small hand-held grinder which fit within the limited space was used to prepare the concrete surface. A small brush or roller was used to apply the bonding epoxy to the concrete surface and the CFRP was threaded between the pipes.

The ease of installation in tight spaces made CFRP a viable solution for supplementing the remaining steel section, where required. Quality assurance testing was performed to verify the bond strength between the CFRP and the concrete surface. Additionally, witness panels were made using the specific batch of CFRP material used during the project to confirm the tensile strength and other properties used in the design assumptions .

The final design integrated a combination of repair technologies which met the clients requirement to extend the life of the slab for another 15 to 20 years. This was achieved using Terracons design professional expertise in concert with quality of installation performance.

The selection of an experienced repair and restoration engineering consultant with knowledge of the latest technologies available in the market is critical to achieve a successful project, completed on time and on budget.

ACI Committee 318, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary (ACI 318R-14), 2014, 519 pp.

https://www.vector-corrosion.com/galvashield-fusion-t2

https://www.master-builders-solutions.basf.us/en-us/products/deck-coatings/masterseal-traffic-2500

Carla Ramo VelzquezTerracon

Carla Ramo Velzquez, P.E., is a senior engineer in Terracons Facilities practice in Winter Park, Florida. Specializing in business development and project management of concrete restoration projects and constructions services, her experience includes management of contracts and construction activities for the private and public sectors.

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Concrete Life Extended by Effective Repair Approach - ForConstructionPros.com

Increasing Requirement For Acid Regulators In Beverages Sector To Power The Growth Of The Global Market

Increasing requirement for acid regulators in beverages sector majorly in energy and sparkling drinks as well as flavored water will power the growth of the global market. Acidulants provides beverage makers wide series of helpful properties comprising sensory appeal, palatability, and nutritive value that might improve user captivity towards their good that might support demand of the product.

Increasing User Preference Shift Towards Protein-Based Meat Goods To Power The Growth Of The Global Market

Lactic acids are extensively employed in processed meat goods due to its major properties comprising pathogenic bacteria control, shelf life extension, enhancing water binding ability, protecting & improving meat flavor, and lowering levels of sodium. Global processed meat sector is predicted to cross USD 1.8 trillion by 2025. Increasing user preference shift towards protein-based meat goods together with swift growth of value chain for processed meat will favor meat products requirement, therefore power the growth of the Global Food Acidulants Market.

Increasing User Inclination For Quality & Fresh Bakery Goods To Power The Growth Of The Global Market

Acidulants are used commonly in bakery sector to impart soft texture and improve product lifespan. Increasing user inclination for quality & fresh bakery goods have powered utilization of acidulants due to functional advantages comprising enhancing flavor, leavening, low hygroscopicity, heat resistance, dough conditioning, mold inhibition, and dairy compatibility. Increasing requirement for on the go snacks owing to quick urbanization and increasing working population have powered bakery sector development that might stimulate market growth.

Asia Pacific Might Observe Substantial Rise That Might Add Up For More Than 4.9% Development By The End Of 2025

Asia Pacific led by South Korea, India, China, and Japan market might observe substantial rise that might add up for more than 4.9% development by the end of 2025. Increasing requirement for canned goods & beverages has resulted in increasing acceptance of Acidulants during eatables production majorly for preservation. Rising acidulants production in China have imposed stress on western companies owing to reduced manufacturing price that might power regional market growth.

The size of the global food acidulants market is fragmented moderately with major players comprising Bartek Ingredients, ADM, Cargill, Univar Inc, Tate & Lyle., Brenntag, Purac Biochem, Parchem Trading, Jungbunzlauer Suisse, and Caremoli.

Get Free Research Report Sample PDF https://www.zionmarketresearch.com/requestbrochure/food-acidulants-industry

Having a Masters Degree in Brewing Technology and overall experience of 6 years in the field of writing, Jerri has been one of the most workaholic and dedicated team members of thefoodbeveragenews.com portal. She has been a part of this portal for 4 years now. Jerri started a career in writing with freelancing and the journey has been worth watching and appraising. She handles the Beverage Industry domain of the portal and along with her team provides all the vital and up-to-the-minute news and reports to the readers in a simple and comprehensible manner.

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Food Acidulants Market To Grow Rapidly And Reach Almost 5.9 Million Tons By The End Of 2025 - Food Beverage News

Editors note: This special Behind The Racquet with Bob Ryland is from was originally published in June, 2019.

10sBalls thanks Noah Rubin for giving us permission to repost these great stories. We wish him and this endeavor the best of luck. Great seeing Noah wearing K-Swiss and playing Solinco Strings.

#MyBTR- I was the first black professional tennis player & today I turn 99. I say it is no big deal, no cause for celebration, just another year. There are many things I can not do now, but I accept that. I enjoy doing what I can do. I have played tennis all my life: Played on my high school team in Chicago and was a finalist in state singles. Played at Wayne State in Detroit and was one of the first black players to compete in the NCAA Championships and the first to reach the quarterfinals. In college I wasnt allowed to eat in restaurants with my teammates. They would bring me my food on the bus, where I sometimes would sleep. I wasnt bitter, all I wanted was to play tennis.

After winning the American Tennis Association Mens title I was given a wild card to play at the USLTA Nationals (US Open) at Forest Hills in 1955, as one of the first few African Americans to play there. In 1959 I was invited to join Jack Marchs World Pro Tennis Championships, becoming the first black pro player.

When he was a kid, Arthur Ashe said I was his hero and he wanted to be good enough to beat me. I was a teaching pro and coached many young talented players and celebrities all over the world. In 1994 I had the opportunity to coach the Williams sisters a brief time before they became famous. Venus, I believe was 14. I dont play tennis anymore. My balance is bad. I do Yoga. I watch so many new players in person and on TV. At the courts, I enjoy giving pointers to anyone who will listen. There is a Paver at the BIllie Jean King National Tennis Center and it says, Bob Ryland: Coach and Friend. I tell my wife Nancy she can go there to remember me when I am gone. Last week I had a check up on my pacemaker. The doc said the battery is good for another 8 years. It made me feel like I have an eight year life extension. Next year, June 16, 2020, I will be 100. No Big Deal. Robert Ryland

****

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10sBalls Wishes Happy 100th Birthday To Tennis Star Robert Ryland - 10sBalls

Following the release of its feasibility study, LSE-listed Emmerson is now keenly focused on advancing its Khemisset potash project in Morocco.

Morocco Emmersons focus now shifts to moving Khemisset towards shovel ready status including operational capability build-out, Front End Engineering and Design (FEED), detailed design and financing.

The permitting process is also underway including stakeholder engagement, socio-economic impact assessments and the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA). The feasibility study provides the catalyst for engagement with various potential financing groups to commence detailed due diligence.

Read: Emmerson makes significant strides in Morocco

Key workstreams ongoing

Emmerson CEO, Hayden Locke commented: We are pleased with the results of the feasibility study, but now our attention must turn to the next phase of development as we seek to move the project one step further towards our goal of becoming an independent potash producer.

Despite the impact of the Coronavirus pandemic, we continue to make progress with our ESIA, which is one of the key workstreams required to be completed prior to our application for a mining permit for Khemisset. Our objective is to have it ready for final submission to the government by the end of Q3 2020, in line with our original schedule.

While we know this will be a challenge, our team has proven itself to be adept at continuing to move key workstreams forward regardless of the circumstances and I am sure this will be no exception. Once the ESIA is signed off by the government, we will be able to apply for our mining permits.

Financing will continue to be a focus for Emmerson. Over the last two years, we have engaged with numerous potential funding partners and have identified several which we believe would make excellent partners for Emmerson in the development of Khemisset.

Other projects being considered

The feasibility study confirmed the world class characteristics of Khemisset including industry leading capital cost to production and a post-tax NPV8 of US$1.4bn based on industry expert Argus FMB price forecasts. Perhaps more importantly, it confirmed robust cashflow generation (over US$130m in EBITDA) and IRRs (nearly 15%) at potash prices well below the current contracted potash price in its target markets of Brazil, North West Europe, USA, central America and Morocco.

In addition, Emmerson will re-examine the potential of the various growth and expansion options available to it including the SOP project, de-icing salt expansion potential and Khemissets mine life extension.

Link:
Emmerson has announced plans to get it potash project 'shovel' ready - Mining Review

The troubled Mixed-oxide Fuel Fabrication Facility project at the Savannah River Site is proposed to be transformed into a plutonium pit production facility. Photo (c) Timothy Mousseau, 2019.

The National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), the organization within the Energy Department that is responsible for producing and maintaining US nuclear warheads, is moving forward with a plan to build a plutonium-pit-production factory at DOEs Savannah River Site in South Carolina. Pits are the form of the plutonium in the fission trigger primaries of US two-stage nuclear warheads.

The primary motivation for this move is lack of confidence in the pit-production capacity at Los Alamos National Laboratory, which has been responsible for preserving US pit production expertise since production at the Rocky Flats Plant outside of Denver shut down at the end of the Cold War. There are also political motivations, including filling the jobs gap at the Savannah River Site resulting from the collapse of NNSAs effort to build a Mixed-oxide Fuel Fabrication Facility there to process some of its excess Cold War plutonium pits into power reactor fuel.

NNSAs rush forward may result in a debacle on top of a debacle. If the experts at Los Alamos cant manage pit production there, why does NNSA think that they can design and train the staff to operate a pit-production facility at the Savannah River Site?

Also, the United States need for pits is unclear at the moment. In 2007, the pits produced at Rocky Flatsnow 30 to 40 years oldwere pronounced to be good for at least a century and, in 2012, the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory upped the durability estimate to 150 years. NNSA did not support the necessary research to solidify this conclusion, howeveran oversight that it now promises to remedy.

The NNSA also claims that it needs to produce new pits for two types of safer primaries for two new nuclear warheads, but there seem to be enough already-existing pits for one of the warheads, and the design for the second has not yet been decided.

Thus, there are multiple arguments for delaying a decision on the proposed second pit-production facility for a decade or so. By then, Los Alamos should have mastered the production of pits, the longevity of the legacy pits will be better established, and the need for pits not available in the legacy stockpile should be clarified.

Pits, the critical components. Each US nuclear warhead contains a miniature advanced version of the Nagasaki nuclear bomb weighing only about two percent of what the original Nagasaki bomb weighed. This primary is built around a hollow shell of plutonium, which is surrounded by chemical explosive.

If that explosive is triggered, the pit will be imploded rapidly into a spherical solid mass compressed to perhaps twice the normal density of plutonium. Near the point of maximum density, before the plutonium begins to bounce back to its normal density, a small neutron generator will spray it with a burst of neutrons that will initiate exponentially multiplying fission chain reactions. Within a microsecond, about 20 grams of the plutonium will fission, releasing energy equivalent to the explosion of about 300 tons of TNT, heating the material in the primary to about a million degrees Centigrade.

At that temperature, fusion reactions will occur in the several grams of tritium and deuterium that were injected into the hollow pit just before the implosion. Those fusion reactions will produce an intense burst of neutrons that fission hundreds more grams of plutonium, boosting the energy of the fission explosion to the equivalent of about 10,000 tons of TNT, half the power of the Nagasaki bomb.

At that point, the primary will be so hot that its glow will be mostly X-rays that will fill the radiation case surrounding the primary and a secondary nuclear explosive nested next to it. The X-rays will vaporize the outer layer of the secondary, imploding and heating it and igniting a mix of fusion and fission reactions that, depending on the warhead, will release from a few times to 25 times the energy of the Nagasaki bomb from a warhead about one-twentieth the weight of the 4.4 ton Nagasaki bomb.

Will aging pits still work? The last nuclear test of a US primary was conducted in 1992, when Congress imposed a moratorium on US nuclear testing, launching negotiations on the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, which the United States signed in 1996. The treaty has not come into force because eight countries, including the United States, have not ratified it; nevertheless, it appears to have moral if not legal force. No country other than North Korea has tested a nuclear weapon since 1998, and North Korea stopped in 2017.

Despite the lack of US testing, there is no doubt that the primaries in US nuclear warheads will implode or that, if the primary works, the secondary will explode. The issues that have been raised relate to whether the plutonium might become brittle and fragment as it implodes, and whether, if that happened, the tritium-deuterium boost gas would ignite. The NNSA spends billions of dollars each year investigating this question with ever-more-refined computer simulations of what happens inside a pit during its implosion and tests of the behavior of aging plutonium under shock, including in subcritical tests in tunnels deep under the former Nevada Test Site.

Every year, the three NNSA weapon labsLivermore, Los Alamos, and Sandiaand the US Strategic Command, which would deliver most US warheads in a nuclear war, go through an elaborate review process of the condition of the warheads and of the simulations, including by red teams of skeptics, before they certify to Congress, via the secretaries of Defense and Energy and then the president, that they are confident the warheads would work and that no tests are required.

During the Cold War nuclear arms race, pits and other weapon components were replaced regularly as one generation of nuclear weapons succeeded another. That evolution stopped with the end of nuclear testing. Today, most of the US warheads have undergone or are going through a life-extension process, with most components being replaced. The pits themselves are not yet being replaced, however. The United States has not been making new pits in significant numbers since 1989 when the FBI and Environmental Protection Agency raided the Energy Departments pit production plant at Rocky Flats outside Denver for environmental crimes. The plant was subsequently razed. (See former Bulletin editor Len Acklands 1999 book, Making a Real Killing: Rocky Flats and the Nuclear West.

That the US is not able to replace the pits has become a perennial point of anxiety for the US nuclear-weapon establishment and its congressional overseers. Proposals have been made, but no new pit production facilities have been builtin part because the pits made by Rocky Flats have proven remarkably durable. They are sealed and plated, and they have suffered virtually no corrosion. The main question is whether the emission of alpha particles (helium nuclei) by the slow decay of the plutonium is changing the mechanical properties of the material.

In 2005, Congress directed the NNSAs administrator to commission an independent review of the efforts at the Los Alamos and Lawrence Livermore laboratories to estimate pit lifetimes. The review was carried out by JASON, a group of experts, mostly academics, who do summer studies on issues of interest to the Defense and Energy departments. An unclassified summary of the groups findings was released in early 2007.

Los Alamos and Livermore had been analyzing the effects of plutonium aging on the functionality of US pits. They also had been doing accelerated-aging experiments on samples of the plutonium alloy used in US pits by spiking them with plutonium-238, which decays by alpha emission with a half-life of 88 years, versus the 24,000 years for the dominant isotope in weapon-grade plutonium, Pu-239.

The summary conclusion of the 2007 JASON report was:

We judge that the Los Alamos/Livermore assessment provides a scientifically valid framework for evaluating pit lifetimes. The assessment demonstrates that there is no degradation in performance of primaries of stockpile systems due to plutonium aging that would be cause for near-term concern regarding their safety and reliability. Most primary types have credible minimum lifetimes in excess of 100 years as regards aging of plutonium; those with assessed minimum lifetimes of 100 years or less have clear mitigation paths that are proposed and/or being implemented.

The JASON report also recommended additional research (pp. 17-18):

to gain experience with Pu that has suffered the equivalent of a century or more of aging (i.e., with accelerated aging), thereby allowing an interpolation rather than an extrapolation in estimating performance changes and degradation due to aging. In particular, one wants to know the modes of failure that will be among the first to appear, because these can inform the stockpile surveillance program in order to make it most sensitive to aging-induced degradation [and] ongoing study of the current accelerated-aging Pu samples, which are spiked with the rapidly-decaying 238Pu, as well as production of samples that have been aged by alternative means. In all of these cases, the objective is to get the equivalent of multi-century experience on aging phenomena, associated with decay (e.g., radiation damage) as well as with activated processes such as annealing.

Some work on accelerated aging did continue and, in 2012, the Livermore lab reported, no unexpected aging issues are appearing in plutonium that has been accelerated to an equivalent of ~ 150 years of age.

Livermores deputy program leader for enhanced surveillance of pit aging stated, In the near term, the nation can save tens of billions of dollars that might be required to build a new production facility.

Pit-production problems at Los Alamos. In 1999, to maintain US pit-production expertise, the Energy Department instructed Los Alamos to establish pit production capacity of up to 20 pits per year within its large PF-4 plutonium facility. Surprisingly, however, despite the history of Rocky Flats having routinely produced 1,000 to 2,000 pits per year, Los Alamos has struggled to produce a small number of pits, even though the lab has spent billions of dollars on pit-production efforts.

In 1996, the Energy Department tasked Los Alamos to produce 31 war reserve pits for the W88, the high-yield warhead for US ballistic missile submarines, for an order that had not been completed because of the shutdown of the Rocky Flats plant. It took 16 yearsuntil 2012to fabricate the pits. Eleven were produced in 2007 but then a declining number annually thereafter.

The plan was to transition to producing pits for additional W87 warheads for the US Minuteman III intercontinental ballistic missile. In 2013, however, pit production at Los Alamos was shut down because of inadequate worker safety training and concerns about potential plutonium criticality accidents. Seven years later, pit production is still shut down at Los Alamos and the expectation is that this situation will continue until 2023.

NNSAs budget submission for fiscal year 2021 states that Los Alamos is engaged in activities to hire, train, qualify, and retain required pit production personnel, recapitalization of equipment needed to restore Plutonium Facility (PF)-4s ability to produce War Reserve (WR) [pits,] towards producing the first WR pit during 2023 [and] manage capital acquisitions to increase production capability of PF-4 to produce 10 pits per year.

The cost of the planned upgrades to PF-4 is estimated at $1.75 billion through fiscal 2025.

Eighty pits per year? In 2008, the departments of Defense and Energy decided that the United States needed a pit production capacity of 50 to 80 pits per year. This range was based on the very rough computation that it would take 30 to 90 years to replace the pits in a US stockpile of 2,500 to 4,500 warheads at that rate. It was assumed that the production could be carried out at Los Alamos.

But Los Alamos continued to flounder. In 2014, Congress backed the goal of 50 to 80 pits per year with a sense of Congress statement (which does not have the force of law) backing a requirement of a production capacity of 30 pits per year by 2026 and a demonstration over 90 days during the following year of a production rate of 80 pits per year. In 2019, the date of that goal slipped to 2030, but, in the Defense Authorization Act of 2020, Congress added the message that any further delay to achieving a plutonium sustainment capability to support the planned stockpile life extension programs will result in an unacceptable capability gap to our deterrent posture.

The Trump administrations 2018 Nuclear Posture Review which also does not have the force of law turned these various assertions into a requirement for an enduring capability and capacity to produce plutonium pits at a rate of no fewer than 80 pits per year by 2030.

Two pit production facilities? After an initial expenditure of $7 billion on construction of a Mixed Oxide Fuel Fabrication Facility at the Savannah River Site to fabricate excess Cold War plutonium into reactor fuel, the cost continued to grow: It was estimated that the cost to completion of that NNSA project had climbed to $30 billionfor a program that Congress had originally been told would cost $2 billion. Congress voted to shut the project down and, in early 2018, the Trump Administration agreed, raising the question of what to do with the fortress structure that had been built and how to compensate the South Carolina delegationespecially its powerful leader, Sen. Lindsey Grahamfor the loss of jobs the cancellation of the MOX plant entailed.

In this context, the idea was born to divide the pit-production mission between Los Alamos and Savannah River.

In 2018, the Defense Department and the NNSA issued a joint statement asserting that there would be two pit-production facilities: one at Los Alamos producing at least 30 pits per year and one at Savannah River producing at least 50 pits per year. In this way, the 2008 goal of demonstrating a production capability of 50 to 80 pits per year at Los Alamos had 10 years later become a minimum combined production rate of 80 pits per year at Los Alamos and Savannah River.

Updating the pit durability estimate. Meanwhile, the question remained as to what a decade of additional research at Los Alamos and Livermore had revealed about the lifetimes of the legacy pits.

In March 2018, the Senate Appropriations Committee, in its report on the Energy and Water Appropriations Act for fiscal 2019, directed the NNSA administrator to contract with JASON to do an update on its 2007 report on expectations for the longevity of the Rocky Flats legacy pits. The instruction was that JASON should be contracted to assess the efforts of the NNSA to understand plutonium aging and the lifetime of plutonium pits in nuclear weapons [and] include recommendations of the study for improving the knowledge, understanding, and application of the fundamental and applied sciences related to the study of plutonium aging and pit lifetimes, an estimate of minimum and likely lifetimes for pits in current warheads, and the feasibility of reusing pits in modified nuclear weapons. The report shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a classified annex.

The Senate instructed the NNSA administrator to make available all information that is necessary to successfully complete a meaningful study on a timely basis.

A year and a half later, in November 2019, after a near-death experience at the hands of the Trump administration, JASON submitted a three-page letter report informing Congress that it could not update its previous estimate because, in general, studies on Pu aging and its impacts on the performance of nuclear-weapon primaries have not been sufficiently prioritized over the past decade. A focused program of experiments, theory, and simulations is required to determine the timescales over which Pu aging may lead to an unacceptable degradation of primary performance.

The JASON letter also suggested that, contrary to Congresss instruction, NNSA had not cooperated adequately with the review: The labs briefly presented their program to address Pu aging to JASON. The plan seemed sensible, but a detailed JASON assessment would require additional information about the program as well as technical details.

Laudably, NNSA was embarrassed and, in April 2020, administrator Lisa E. Gordon-Hagerty informed the chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee Subcommittee on Strategic Forces that her agency planned to fund a second phase of the JASON study during the summer of 2020 to [a]ssess the need for the full study, and if deemed necessary and timely, perform a more detailed, multi-year JASON study.

The letter also stated that NNSA has launched an enhanced program focused on understanding the potential effects of plutonium radioactive decay, or aging, on pit performance.

Other needs for new pits? In addition to the potential need to replace pits because they are aging, NNSA also is advocating the new production facility to produce pits with enhanced safety features to meet NNSA and DoD requirements.

This quest goes back 30 years, to the launch of the Stockpile Stewardship Program by the Clinton Administration. At the time, the weapon labs proposed to replace the W78 ICBM warhead and the W76 and W88 submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) warheads with new warheads containing insensitive high explosive. That proposal has been sustained over the decades since through a number of incarnations, including proposals for warheads that would be interoperable between the ICBMs and SLBMs.

The purpose of insensitive high explosive is not to reduce the probability of an accidental nuclear explosion. Other elements of the safety design are supposed to do that, and, to date, no warhead accident has resulted in a nuclear yield.

The benefit from the use of insensitive high explosive would be to reduce the number of accidents in which the chemical explosive around a pit is detonated and plutonium is dispersed. There were many such accidents involving aircraft-carried warheads prior to the decision not to fly nuclear-armed aircraft in peacetime. The most famous was the collision of a nuclear-armed B-52 strategic bomber with its refueling tanker over Spain in 1966, which resulted in a large area of plutonium contamination on the ground, requiring 1,600 US military personnel to be deployed for up to 12 weeks, working with minimal protection, gathering contaminated dirt and crops into barrels for shipment back to the US for burial on the Savannah River Site. The Navy has had no such accidents with its SLBM warheads, however, and believes that reducing the risk significantly would require redesigning its Trident missile as well as their warheads. It therefore has in the past not been willing to invest in adapting new insensitive high explosive warheads to its missiles, a process that would include flight tests.

It appears, however, that the Navy has finally acquiesced or been overruled on this matter, and the plan is to replace its two SLBM warheads, the W76 and W88, with new warheads that use insensitive high explosive.

The current proposal is to build two new warheads. The first is the W87-1, which would replace the W-78 on the Ground-Based Strategic Deterrent, the successor to the Minuteman III missile, and potentially also the W-88, the high-yield warhead on the Trident II submarine-launched ballistic missile. A second warhead, sometimes referred to as the W93, would replace the W76.

The pit of the W87-1 would be identical to the pit of the W87-0, which is currently deployed on the Minuteman III, and is to be used on the Ground-based Strategic Deterrent. The 400 Minuteman IIIs are to be replaced one-for-one with the new ICBM, which, like the Minuteman III, is to be deployed with only a single warhead per missile.

The Defense Department reportedly has 540 W87-0s in stock, of which 200 are deployed on the Minuteman III along with 200 W78s. Therefore, the W78s could be replaced with stored W87s. The department wishes, however, to preserve the option of loading more warheads onto the new Ground-Based Strategic Deterrent, in case of a breakdown in nuclear arms control with Russia. This has been called a warhead upload hedge since the Clinton administration. To load up 400 of the new missiles with three warheads each would require 1200 warheads, which would require more W87-1s and therefore more pits.

No realistic circumstance that would require uploading the US ICBMs has been suggested, however. The Joint Chiefs reportedly informed President Obama that they could cover all essential targets in potential adversary nations with one third fewer warheads than the 1,550 counted warheads that are allowed by New START. Further, Minuteman IIIs were downloaded to one warhead each after the end of the Cold War to make the deterrent relationship with Russia more stable. After the downloading, destroying one US warhead in a first strike would, on average, require more than one Russian warhead.

Beyond those arguments against uploading, many respected defense experts, including former Defense Secretary William Perry, argue that the US should abandon fixed land-based ICBMs altogether, because Strategic Command insists on keeping them in a dangerous launch-on-warning posture.

Little firm information has been made public about the design of the proposed W93 warhead for submarine-launched nuclear missiles. In fact, NNSAs Fiscal Year 2020 Stockpile Stewardship and Management Plan describes the Next Navy Warhead, as not yet an established program of record.

An anonymous senior defense official has offered the reassurance, however, that the W93 would be previously nuclear-tested designs, its not going to require any nuclear testing. This must mean that a previously tested insensitive high explosive primary would be used.

In 1990, in hearings before the Senate Appropriations Committees Subcommittee on Energy and Water, the Energy Departments then Deputy Assistant Secretary of Energy for Military Applications listed all US nuclear warheads with insensitive high explosive, including warheads that had been produced and deployed and some that had been tested but not deployed as a result of the end of the Cold War. The candidate warhead that has been discussed for three decades is the W89, one of the warheads that was tested but not produced. The W89 was to use recycled pits. According to one report, the pits were to be from the W68, a previous-generation SLBM warhead for which thousands of pits were produced during the 1970s. If that option were pursued, and the W68 pits were found to be still functional, no new pit production would be required.

The decision on the second pit production facility can wait. NNSA could announce its decision to move forward on building a pit-production facility in South Carolina as early as September. Based on the above context, this decision should be delayed for a number of reasons:

1. Since the Savannah River Site staff has no experience with pit production, the facility would have to be designed and the staff trained by the Los Alamos group. But the Los Alamos group has not yet demonstrated that that it can design and staff its own pit production facility.2. Within a decade, we should have a new lower limit on the functional lives of the legacy pits. If they will indeed last for at least 150 years, as the Livermore experts concluded, then there will be no need for a large production facility to replace them anytime soon. The Los Alamos facility, if it can be made operational, should be sufficient for some decades.3. The argument for producing additional warheads with insensitive high explosive for the Minuteman III replacement is very weak, and the debate over the need to produce new pits for a warhead to replace the W-76, the most numerous warhead in the US operational stock (about 1,500) cannot be made until NNSA and Defense Department are ready to discuss what pit they would use in the W93.

We can wait for another decade before we decide on whether the United States requires two pit production facilities. Indeed, we can wait for another decade before we decide on whether we need any new pits at all.

Read more:
Why a decision on a second US plutonium-pit-production factory should be delayed - Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists