Archive for the ‘Male Genetics’ Category

19 June 2020

The findings, published in the Journal of Public Health, suggest that the relationship between COVID-19 infection and ethnicity is complex, and requires more dedicated research to explain the factors driving these patterns.

Growing international reports highlight higher risk of adverse COVID-19 infection in BAME populations. The underlying cause of this ethnicity disease pattern is not known. Variation in cardiovascular disease risk, vitamin D levels, socio-economic, and behavioural factors have been proposed as possible explanations. However, these hypotheses have not been formally studied in existing work.

Investigators from Queen Mary, in collaboration with the Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit at the University of Southampton, used the comprehensive and unique UK Biobank cohort of over half a million people to investigate the role of a range of socioeconomic, biological, and behavioural factors in determining the ethnicity pattern of severe COVID-19. The dataset included 4,510 UK Biobank participants who were tested for COVID-19 in a hospital setting, of whom 1,326 had a positive test result.

The results demonstrate that BAME ethnicity, male sex, higher body mass index, greater material deprivation, and household overcrowding are independent risk factors for COVID-19. The higher rates of severe COVID-19 in BAME populations was not adequately explained by variations in cardiovascular disease risk, vitamin D levels, socio-economic, or behavioural factors, suggesting that other factors not included in the analysis might underlie these differences.

Dr Zahra Raisi-Estabragh, BHF Clinical Research Training Fellow at Queen Mary University of London, led the analysis. She said: There is increasing concern over the higher rate of poor COVID-19 outcomes in BAME populations. Understanding potential drivers of this relationship is urgently needed to inform public health and research efforts. This work goes some way in addressing some of these pertinent questions.

Steffen Petersen, Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine at Queen Mary University of London, who supervised the work added: The results of this analysis suggest that factors which underlie ethnic differences in COVID-19 may not be easily captured. In addition to assessment of the role of biological considerations such as genetics, approaches which more comprehensively assess the complex economic and sociobehavioural differences should now be a priority.

Nicholas Harvey, Professor of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology at the MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, was a key collaborator in the work. He comments: The detailed participant characterisation in the UK Biobank and the rapid linkage of this data with COVID-19 test results from Public Health England permitted consideration of potential importance of a wide range of exposures.

The work was also supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) through the Barts Biomedical Research Centre, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre.

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SMD - Higher rates of severe COVID-19 in BAME populations remain unexplained - QMUL

Genetically modified mosquitoes with the ability to prevent other mosquitoes from spreading deadly diseases may be making their way to Florida backyards in the near future.

British biotech group Oxitec announced on Tuesday that the company had won both federal and state approval to release its so-called Friendly mosquitoes in the U.S. on an experimental trial basis, expected to last until 2022, according to documents provided by the Environmental Protection Agency. The insects will first be released in Monroe County, Florida, and Oxitec has plans to also bring them to Harris County, Texas.

Oxitecs project involvesAedes aegypti, the mosquito that spreads yellow fever, dengue fever and Zika, among other diseases. While femaleAedes aegyptifeed on blood and are the transmitters of such illnesses, maleAedes aegypti are harmless, and Oxitecs Friendly mosquitoes are males who have been altered to carry a specificself-limiting gene, according to a description on the companys website. This gene will reduce the lifespan of any female offspring they might foster, but will live on in males, offering ... self-limiting generations of suppression that can lower the generalAedes aegypti population over time, theoretically leading to a decrease in the diseases that the insects are known for.

There is broad consensus amongst public health officials in the U.S. that a new generation of safe, targeted and cost-effective vector control tools are needed urgently to combat the growing threat posed by Aedes aegypti without impacting the ecosystem, Grey Frandsen, Oxitec CEO, said in the companys announcement. Were pleased that the EPA and Florida state regulators have, after extensive scientific reviews, approved our demonstration trials and we look forward to continuing the collaboration with our local partners as they take up the matter.

This novel method of mosquito population control was recently tested in the municipality of Indaiatuba, near So Paulo, Brazil, from May 2018 to 2019. In one of the tested communities, Oxitec observed that the genetically modified mosquitoes managed to suppress the population of Aedes aegyptiup to 96% within a four-week period.

Oxitecs work in mosquito genetics is not without controversy, and the company has targeted Florida as a testing ground for nearly a decade. AChange.org petition urging the EPA to reject the companys proposals, originally posted online in 2012, has received over 230,000 signatures, and the EPA is facingpre-litigation from advocacy groups, including the Center for Food Safety and Friends of the Earth U.S., for approving Oxitecs latest proposal.

Jaydee Hanson, policy director for the Center for Food Safety, called the mosquito project a Jurassic Park experiment in a statement. Hanson argued that by not carrying out in-depth consultations with local wildlife agencies before allowing Oxitec free rein with its insects, the EPA had unlawfully refused to seriously analyze environmental risks.

The Florida Keys and Houston and the surrounding communities are home to some of the most diverse and threatened species in our country, Dana Perls, food and technology program manager of Friends of the Earth U.S., echoed in the same statement. Once again, the Trump administration is callously disregarding scientific experts and the will of communities to force this risky experiment through.

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Genetically Modified Mosquitoes Approved For Insect Population Control In The U.S. - HuffPost

The genetic make-up of an adult male buried in the heart of the ancient Newgrange passage tomb indicates he was among a ruling social elite and in-bred in a similar way to Inca god-kings and Egyptian pharaohs.

This remarkable discovery shedding new light on the earliest periods of Irelands human history has been made by archaeologists and geneticists led by a team in Trinity College Dublin. Their genetic analysis shows he was born as a consequence of first-degree incest.

Older than the pyramids, Newgrange passage tomb in Co Meath is world famous for its annual solar alignment where the winter solstice sunrise illuminates its sacred inner chamber in a golden blast of light. However, little is known about who was interred in the heart of this imposing 200,000-tonne monument or of the Neolithic society which built it more than 5,000 years ago.

The survey of ancient Irish genomes using DNA sequencing technology on bone samples suggests a man who had been buried in this chamber belonged to a dynastic elite, according to Dr Lara Cassidy of TCD, lead author of the research published by Nature scientific journal on Wednesday.

Id never seen anything like it, she said. We all inherit two copies of the genome, one from our mother and one from our father. This individuals copies were extremely similar, a tell-tale sign of close inbreeding. In fact, our analyses allowed us to confirm that his parents were first-degree relatives.

Matings of this type (such as brother-sister unions) are a near universal taboo for cultural and biological reasons. The only confirmed social acceptances of first-degree incest are found among the elites typically within a deified royal family, Dr Cassidy explained.

By breaking the rules, the elite separates itself from the general population, intensifying hierarchy and legitimising power. Public ritual and extravagant monumental architecture often co-occur with dynastic incest, to achieve the same ends, she added.

Here the auspicious location of the male skeletal remains is matched by the unprecedented nature of his ancient genome, said professor of population genetics at TCD Dan Bradley.

The prestige of the burial makes this very likely a socially sanctioned union and speaks of a hierarchy so extreme that the only partners worthy of the elite were family members.

The team also unearthed a web of distant familial relations between this man and others from sites of the passage tomb tradition across the country, namely the mega-cemeteries of Carrowmore and Carrowkeel in Co Sligo, and the Millin Bay monument in Co Down.

It seems what we have here is a powerful extended kin-group, who had access to elite burial sites in many regions of the island for at least half a millennium, Dr Cassidy said.

The monument builders were early farmers who migrated to Ireland and replaced hunter-gatherers who preceded them.

Remarkably, a local myth resonates with these results and the Newgrange solar phenomenon. First recorded in the 11th century AD, four millennia after construction, the story tells of a builder-king who restarted the daily solar cycle by sleeping with his sister. The Middle Irish place name for the neighbouring Dowth passage tomb Fertae Chuile is based on this lore and can be translated as Hill of Sin.

Given the world-famous solstice alignments of Br na Binne, the magical solar manipulations in this myth already had scholars questioning how long an oral tradition could survive, said Dr Ros Maoldin, an archaeologist on the study. To now discover a potential prehistoric precedent for the incestuous aspect is extraordinary.

The genome survey has unearthed other unexpected results. Within the oldest known burial structure on the island, Poulnabrone portal tomb, the earliest yet diagnosed case of Down Syndrome was discovered in a male infant who was buried there 5,500 years ago. Isotope analyses suggest the infant was breast-fed.

It was conducted in collaboration with researchers at University College London; NUIG, UCC, University of Cambridge, Queens University Belfast, Sligo IT and the National Monuments Service with support from the National Museum of Ireland and National Museums Northern Ireland.

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Newgrange tomb body belonged to royal-like male born of incest - The Irish Times

DetailsCategory: Proteins and PeptidesPublished on Thursday, 18 June 2020 09:51Hits: 112

June 17, 2020 I JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. (TSE 4552; Chairman and President: Shin Ashida; JCR) announced today that the results of the phase 1 and 2/3 clinical trials of Agalsidase Beta BS I.V. Infusion [JCR] (JR-051), recombinant Agalsidase Beta, for Fabry disease have been published in the electronic edition of Molecular Genetics and Metabolism, the official journal of Society for Inherited Metabolic Disorders. This is JCRs first product for enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs), also the first of the kind manufactured in Japan. Agalsidase Beta BS I.V. Infusion [JCR] has been launched since November 2018 as the first biosimilar for the treatment of rare diseases. A summary of the article is as follows.

Title: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of JR-051, a biosimilar of agalsidase beta, in healthy adults and patients with Fabry disease: Phase I and II/III clinical studies

Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.04.003

Summary The Phase 1 and 2/3 studies were conducted with the aim to verify clinical comparability of JR051 and an upfront biopharmaceutical (agalsidase beta). The results demonstrated that JR051 and agalsidase beta are comparable in terms of efficacy and safety.

Phase 1 study: 20 healthy adult male volunteers were administered JR-051 and agalsidase beta to confirm pharmacokinetic equivalence in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group manner. The study demonstrated comparable pharmacokinetic profiles of JR-051 and agalsidase beta.

Phase 2/3 study: 16 patients with Fabry disease underwent treatment with agalsidase beta (1mg/kg, once every other week), then were switched to intravenous administrations of JR-051 (1 mg/kg, once every other week).

Efficacy: The 95% confidence intervals of the ratios of the GL-3 plasma concentrations (primary endpoint) during the agalsidase beta treatment, as well as those of Lyso-GL-3, to the respective plasma concentrations after 26 and 52 week-administrations of JR-051 were within pre-determined equivalence acceptability ranges.

Safety: No severe infusion associated reactions (IARs), such as anaphylactic shock, were observed. One IAR, commonly observed with the ERT for Fabry disease, was reported in a patient after JR-051 administration.

[About JCR Pharmaceuticals]

JCR is a specialty pharma company engaged in the research, development, manufacturing and marketing of biopharmaceuticals and regenerative medicine with a focus on rare diseases. Its philosophy, Contributing towards peoples healthcare through pharmaceutical products drives JCR to create innovative pharmaceutical products as value-added treatment options for the under-served patient populations.

SOURCE: JCR Pharmaceuticals

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Agalsidase Beta BS IV Infusion [JCR] (JR-051) for Fabry Disease: Notice on the Publication of the Results of the Phase 1 and 2/3 Clinical Trials in...

Cancer can be a fatal disease, and the exact cause of cancer is still unknown. While many factors could lead to malignant disease, the reason is often based on estimation. The deadly disease affects both men and women alike, but a few types of cancer can be more dangerous in men than women. Genetics, lifestyle habits, and a few other factors make men more predisposed to certain types of cancer. Here are the most common types of cancer in men.

This is a no brainer as only men have the organ and so, women can't suffer from this cancer type. Every man should get a PSA test done after 50 years of age to check if their prostate is healthy. Prostate cancer can be a silent killer, and most often, an individual may not be aware unless one reaches the advanced stage.Mens Health Week 2020: From Cleaning Foot to Keeping Your Armpit Fresh, Here Are Five Personal Hygiene Habits Every Male Should Follow.

Tobacco use is more in men as compared to women which are a prime cause of lung cancer in men. That said, in recent times, there has been a rise in tobacco use in women. However, studies have shown that men are more at risk of lung cancer than women.Mens Health Week 2020: From Prostate Cancer To ED, Common Age-Related Health Problems In Men.

Bladder cancer is more common in men. A study published in the journal General Medicine where data was collected from both men and women who had bladder cancer showed that the male to female ratio was 2.2:1. The findings of the study also showed that the tumours were less aggressive and invasive in women as compared to men.

Did you know that men have a threefold higher risk of developing kidney cancer than women? Smoking, genetics and other occupational factors increase a man's chances of suffering from renal cell carcinoma. Plus, kidney cancer in men are characterised with larger tumours and are more aggressive.

While an equal number of men and women suffer from incidences of acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis is more common in men. While men suffer from alcohol-related pancreatitis, in women, pancreatitis is more due to autoimmune diseases, gall stones and other factors.Men's Health Week 2020: Why Is Male Suicide Rate Higher? Know More About Mental Health Stigma.

Other forms of cancer like mouth and throat cancer and leukaemia are also more common in men than women. Men also tend to suffer from colorectal cancer, so clean eating and corrective lifestyle can save you big time!

(The above story first appeared on LatestLY on Jun 18, 2020 01:41 PM IST. For more news and updates on politics, world, sports, entertainment and lifestyle, log on to our website latestly.com).

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Men's Health Week 2020: From Lung to Bladder, Types of Cancer that Can be More Dangerous in Men Than Women! - LatestLY

The impetus for the campaign can be traced back to a crime spree in the northern Chinese region of Inner Mongolia. For nearly three decades, the police there investigated the rapes and murders of 11 women and girls, one as young as 8. They collected 230,000 fingerprints and sifted through more than 100,000 DNA samples. They offered a $28,000 reward.

Then, in 2016, they arrested a man on unrelated bribery charges, according to the state news media. Analyzing his genes, they found he was related to a person who had left his DNA at the site of the 2005 killing of one of the women. That person, Gao Chengyong, confessed to the crimes and was later executed.

Mr. Gaos capture spurred the state media to call for the creation of a national database of male DNA. The police in Henan Province showed it was possible, after amassing samples from 5.3 million men, or roughly 10 percent of the provinces male population, between 2014 and 2016. In November 2017, the Ministry of Public Security, which controls the police, unveiled plans for a national database.

China already holds the worlds largest trove of genetic material, totaling 80 million profiles, according to state media. But earlier DNA gathering efforts were often more focused. Officials targeted criminal suspects or groups they considered potentially destabilizing, like migrant workers in certain neighborhoods. The police have also gathered DNA from ethnic minority groups like the Uighurs as a way to tighten the Communist Partys control over them.

The effort to compile a national male database broadens those efforts, said Emile Dirks, an author of the report from the Australian institute and a Ph.D. candidate in the department of political science at the University of Toronto. We are seeing the expansion of those models to the rest of China in an aggressive way that I dont think weve seen before, Mr. Dirks said.

In the report released by the Australian institute, it estimated that the authorities aimed to collect DNA samples from 35 million to 70 million men and boys, or roughly 5 percent to 10 percent of Chinas male population. They do not need to sample every male, because one persons DNA sample can unlock the genetic identity of male relatives.

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China Is Collecting DNA From Tens of Millions of Men and Boys, Using U.S. Gear - The New York Times

Mens Health Week 2020: Prostate cancer and other common health problems in Indian men; how to prevent them  |  Photo Credit: iStock Images

New Delhi: Its Men s Health Week, which is observed every year leading up to Fathers Day. The main objective of the week is to raise awareness of health problems that are preventable as well as encourage early detection and treatment of diseases that affect men and boys. Experts say only 30 per cent of a mans overall health is determined by his genetics, and 70 per cent is controllable through his lifestyle. Studies show that men live almost 9 years in poor health in their lifetime - which can be prevented by making small lifestyle changes.

The observance is a reminder for men to take steps for a healthier, longer life - yet, they do not have to do it alone. All of us can help support the health and safety of the men in our lives - whether its your husband, son, dad, brother, or friend. The 2020 Mens Health Week is being observed amid the novel coronavirus pandemic, hence, the theme, Take Action on Covid-19. This year, the week runs from 15-21 June. On the occasion of Mens Health Week, Dr Govardhan Reddy, Lead Consultant - Urology and Uro Oncology, Aster CMI Hospital, Bangalore, talked about the common health problems that affect Indian men and what they can do to prevent them.

Some of the common health issues plaguing Indian men include - prostate cancer, erectile dysfunction, infertility and impotency, heart disease, etc. Apart from this, comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cancer and mental health disorders with daily alcohol intake are some of the largest gender health gaps.

Available evidence indicates that young people are prone to a number of conditions due to personal choices, environmental influences and lifestyle changes. Nutritional disorders (both malnutrition and over-nutrition), tobacco use, harmful alcohol use, other substance use, high-risk sexual behaviors, stress, common mental disorders, and injuries (road traffic injuries, suicides, and violence of different types) specifically affect this population and it has a long-lasting impact.

Talking about prostate cancer, it is advisable for men with a family history ofthe condition to undergo a mandatory screening with the consultant urologist after the age of 45 regardless of any symptoms which comprise of frequent and difficult urination, weak urine stream, blood in semen, pelvic pain or stiffness and erectile dysfunction.

Renal transplant surgeons stress on the use of tobacco as the main cause for cancers in kidney and bladder. Smoking or vaping is also harmful to erectile functions and increases male infertility.

Also, people working in the tar and painting industries or factories carry high risk for bladder cancers. Similarly, fatty diets are known to cause a higher risk for prostate cancer and stone diseases, in order to prevent them it is better to have 2-3 litres of water per day.

Fortunately, many of mens health issues can be prevented or treated if diagnosed early. Here are a few things men can do to prevent or reduce their risk of common health problems:

Making healthier lifestyle choices will not only help prevent or reduce disease risk, but it will also give you an opportunity to enjoy the years of life available to each person.

Disclaimer: Tips and suggestions mentioned in the article are for general information purposes only and should not be construed as professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor or a professional healthcare provider if you have any specific questions about any medical matter.

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Mens Health Week 2020: Prostate cancer and other common health problems in Indian men; how to prevent them - Times Now

Ginalski K, Rychlewski L, Baker D, Grishin NV. Protein structure prediction for the male-specific region of the human Y chromosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Feb 24;101(8):2305-10.

Jain M, Olsen HE, Turner DJ, Stoddart D, Bulazel KV, Paten B, Haussler D, Willard HF, Akeson M, Miga KH. Linear assembly of a human centromere on the Y chromosome. Nat Biotechnol. 2018 Mar 19. doi: 10.1038/nbt.4109. [Epub ahead of print]

Krausz C, Casamonti E. Spermatogenic failure and the Y chromosome. Hum Genet. 2017 May;136(5):637-655. doi: 10.1007/s00439-017-1793-8. Epub 2017 Apr 29. Review.

Krausz C, Quintana-Murci L, Forti G. Y chromosome polymorphisms in medicine. Ann Med. 2004;36(8):573-83. Review.

Liu XG, Hu HY, Guo YH, Sun YP. Correlation between Y chromosome microdeletion and male infertility. Genet Mol Res. 2016 Jun 3;15(2). doi: 10.4238/gmr.15028426.

Noordam MJ, Repping S. The human Y chromosome: a masculine chromosome. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2006 Jun;16(3):225-32. Epub 2006 May 2. Review.

Rizvi AA. 46, XX man with SRY gene translocation: cytogenetic characteristics, clinical features and management. Am J Med Sci. 2008 Apr;335(4):307-9. doi: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e31811ec1b4.

Russo P, Siani A, Miller MA, Karanam S, Esposito T, Gianfrancesco F, Barba G, Lauria F, Strazzullo P, Cappuccio FP. Genetic variants of Y chromosome are associated with a protective lipid profile in black men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008 Aug;28(8):1569-74. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.168641. Epub 2008 May 29.

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Originally posted here:
Y chromosome - Genetics Home Reference - NIH

The study on Global Male Breast Cancer Market, offers deep insights about the Male Breast Cancer Market covering all the crucial aspects of theMarket. Some of the important aspects analyzed in the reportincludesMarket share, production, key regions, revenue rate as well as key players. This Male Breast Cancer report also provides the readers with detailed figures at which the Male Breast Cancer Market was valued in the historical year and its expected growth in upcoming years. Besides, analysis also forecasts the CAGR at which the Male Breast Cancer is expected to mount and major factors driving Markets growth. This Male Breast Cancer Market was accounted for USD xxx million in the historical year and isestimated to reach at USD xxx million by the end of the forecast period, rising at a CAGR of xx%.

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Market research reports play anextremely important role in refining the productivity of anindustry. The information in this reports will help the companies to make informed Marketing strategies. Moreover,ultimate goal of Market research is to analyze how the Markets target group will obtain a product or service. Market research report is predominantly prepared following certain methodology and guidelines for collecting, organizing and analyzing data. The research report on Global Male Breast Cancer Market has been very well drafted for the benefit of the readers who are looking forward to invest in the Market. Besides, focusing on overall aspects of the Market this report majorly covered profiles of the top big companies along with their sales data, etc.It also delivers the business models, strategies, growth, innovations and every information about key manufacturers that will enable in making business estimates.

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HospitalsClinicsOthers

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Global Male Breast Cancer Market 2020 by Type of Service Offered, Manufacture, Statistics, Share, Growth, Revenue, Regions, and Business Opportunities...

SOUTH BEND, Ind. Clark Lea started texting and calling, wanting to talk but needing to listen. When he got to Daelin Hayes, the conversation compelled Lea to do more.

Notre Dames defensive coordinator had already seen the video of George Floyd under the knee of Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin. He had followed from a distance as anger at Floyds death boiled over in protests across the country. Lea didnt have a solution for any of it, other than to reach out to his players.

The words of Notre Dames fifth-year defensive end stopped Lea cold. They talked about Hayes life experience and the reality that faces Notre Dames defensive roster, where black players make up a majority. Hayes took those experiences and translated them for Lea, who has three kids.

Imagine sending your son out into the world and it sees him as a threat, Hayes told Lea. And you dont know if hes gonna...

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How Notre Dame empowered its players to speak out, and why it needs to listen - The Athletic

A new study, lead by University of Wyoming Ph.D. candidate Melanie LaCava, has been studying the genetics of Wyomings pronghorn herds. Wyoming is home to roughly half of North Americas pronghorn population approximately 750,000 individuals. Their findings show that, despite multiple mountain ranges, three major highways, and ranges that span hundreds of miles, Wyomings pronghorn have little-to-no genetic differentiation. Despite the massive barriers across the state, in doesnt seem to have caused any changes amongst pronghorn.

On a genetic level, they all look pretty much alike.

The study included sample collection from 2014 thru 2019, examined genetic data of 398 male and female pronghorn across Wyoming, excluding Yellowstone and Grand Teton national parks. While certain surprising, this lack of diversity makes sense given how the animals behave. Pronghorn are social animals, but many do not live in the same groups for their whole lives. They enjoy a much more flexible social structure than Wyomings other hoof stock. Many dont even consistently migrate. To LaCava, it shows the connectivity of all of the states pronghorn. All the barriers, human or natural, have not stopped them from mingling with their peers. But this does not detract from the importance of preserving their migration corridors and core habitats we want to ensure their populations stay happy and healthy.

You can examine the full study Pronghorn Population Genomics Show Connectivity in the Core of Their Range in the online publication Journal of Mammalogy.

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Little to No Genetic Differentiation in Wyoming's Pronghorn | - mybighornbasin

The study on Global Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market, offers deep insights about the Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market covering all the crucial aspects of theMarket. Some of the important aspects analyzed in the reportincludesMarket share, production, key regions, revenue rate as well as key players. This Male Breast Cancer Treatment report also provides the readers with detailed figures at which the Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market was valued in the historical year and its expected growth in upcoming years. Besides, analysis also forecasts the CAGR at which the Male Breast Cancer Treatment is expected to mount and major factors driving Markets growth. This Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market was accounted for USD xxx million in the historical year and isestimated to reach at USD xxx million by the end of the forecast period, rising at a CAGR of xx%.

Request a sample of this report @ https://www.orbisresearch.com/contacts/request-sample/4697602?utm_source=Ancy

Market research reports play anextremely important role in refining the productivity of anindustry. The information in this reports will help the companies to make informed Marketing strategies. Moreover,ultimate goal of Market research is to analyze how the Markets target group will obtain a product or service. Market research report is predominantly prepared following certain methodology and guidelines for collecting, organizing and analyzing data. The research report on Global Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market has been very well drafted for the benefit of the readers who are looking forward to invest in the Market. Besides, focusing on overall aspects of the Market this report majorly covered profiles of the top big companies along with their sales data, etc.It also delivers the business models, strategies, growth, innovations and every information about key manufacturers that will enable in making business estimates.

Major companies of this report:

PfizerRocheGlaxoSmithKlineSanofiNovartisBayerBristol-Myers SquibbEli LillyAstraZenecaTeva PharmaceuticalSun PharmaceuticalBioNumerik PharmaceuticalsSeattle GeneticsAccord Healthcare

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An irresponsible international food industry must shoulder a hefty part of the blame for COVID-19s deadly toll, say the authors of an editorial published yesterday in the BMJ. Moreover, to combat the parallel pandemic of obesity, governments need to step in to force reformulation of processed foods and prohibit the promotion of unhealthy eating that is causing so much morbidity and mortality worldwide, they say.

It's like tobacco, said Graham A. MacGregor, MB BChir, who co-authored the editorial with Monique Tan, PhD, and Feng J. He, PhD (all Queen Mary University of London, England). Why should the food industry be able to advertise things that are going to kill you?

Tan and colleagues review the evidence to date showing obesity to be an independent risk factor for more-severe illness and death following SARS-CoV-2 infection. These include a 428,225-patient cohort study showing that of 340 people requiring hospitalization, 44% were overweight and 34% were obese. Theres also the OpenSAFELY study, which looked at more than 12 million electronic records: among the 5,683 patients who died, 29% were overweight and 33% were obese. Both studies, note Tan et al, showed a dose-response relationship between excess weight and disease severity. In OpenSAFELY, the risk of dying from COVID-19 increased by 27% among obese individuals and was doubled in patients with a body mass index greater than 40.

I think people have recognized now that based on every study you look atincluding the early studies in China which were open studies, then from Europe, then from New Yorkthey all show that obesity increases the severity of COVID-19 and increases mortality, MacGregor observed.

Why should the food industry be able to advertise things that are going to kill you? Graham MacGregor

The only other major risk factors, he continued, are male sex and older age. If you're elderly and male and obese, I would be seriously worried and would do anything to try and lose weight and eat more healthily and take more exercise, MacGregor urged. Those are sensible things to do and the government should be encouraging people to do that, but of course they're not.

Speaking with TCTMD, MacGregor stressed that the blame rests with government and industry. One of the very clear messages that we want to give out, which is absolutely true, is that it's not the fault of the individuals that they are overweight; it's the fault of the food industry, because they promote all this very cheap processed foods that are made delicious by adding huge amounts of salt, sugar, and fat, and they then spend billions of pounds advertising this rubbish at very cheap prices, particularly targeted at socially deprived people and, not surprisingly, they're obese.

This allegation has particular resonance as protestors around the globe continue to call for an end to racism affecting the day-to-day lives of black, indigenous, and people of color who have also seen some of the highest levels of fatalities from COVID-19. In editorials and blogs, healthcare leaders have called on their colleagues to educate themselves about the problem and do their part to eradicate healthcare disparities.

There are a number of theories as to why obesity is amplifying disease severity. One is the chronic inflammatory state seen in obesity, which could play a role in the bodys altered immune response to SARS-CoV-2, potentially weakening the host defense and increasing the likelihood of the dreaded cytokine storm. A second possibility relates to the fact that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which SARS-CoV-2 uses to penetrate the cell membrane, is more common in people with obesity. Whether this is the result of higher ACE2 expression in the adipocytes of people with obesity or having more adipose tissue in general (and thus a greater number of ACE2-expressing cells) is not yet clear, the authors state.

A third possibility is the diminished lung function and difficulties with diaphragm contractility in people with massive abdominal obesity, creating more airway resistance and a lowered ability to fully expand the lungs. When patients with obesity need to be admitted to intensive care units, it is challenging to improve their oxygen saturation levels and ventilate them, Tan et al note.

Yet another option, potentially related to the immune system response, is genetics, MacGregor said, adding that this is an area of active investigation for which answers may come in a matter of months. But he dismissed the idea that an underlying genetic predisposition to obesity might also increase vulnerability to the virus. Obesity is only very rarely genetic, he insisted. Its an environmental disease, largely brought on by the food industry. The recent and ballooning numbers of obese people in China, India, and Vietnam as the fast-food and processed-food industries have started to flourish in these regions bear this theory out, he added.

Both MacGregor and He are involved with a range of blood pressure advocacy groups that have targeted high-sodium foods and added salt. Speaking with TCTMD, MacGregor used the successful salt reformulation campaigns in the United Kingdom as an example of what similar strategies targeting high-fat/high-calorie processed foods could accomplish with government support.

Of note, despite MacGregors longstanding interest in blood pressure, hes not convinced that hypertension on its own is an important risk factor for COVID-19, pointing to UK studies in which hypertension as a predictor for disease severity and death disappears after adjusting for age, race, sex, and obesity. Again, its early days and we are very cautious in drawing any conclusions from these [observational] studies because we're going to need much bigger studies, but my view is if blood pressure is a risk, it's a fairly small one compared to obesity, he commented.

Stop the Tide

MacGregor and colleagues conclude by calling on the food industry to immediately stop promoting high-fat, high-salt, high-sugar foods, and for governments to mandate the reformulation of unhealthy food and drink. Reducing salt, sugar, and saturated fat across the board would improve the diet of the entire population and bring even greater benefits for people who are most socially deprived, they write. The toll of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 has made this more apparent and more urgent than ever.

Ironically, MacGregor said, at least in the UK, all the work that was going on to try and do something about obesity with the food industry has been abandoned because of the acute urgency of treating people with COVID-19.

The result has been a collision of two pandemics, he argued, the acute pandemic of COVID-19 and the chronic pandemic of obesity. And the two interact, MacGregor continued. Our feeling is that this is a time when governments need to act to do something not only about COVID-19 to try to stop the next wave of the infection or the current infection, but also to do something about obesity.

People with underlying obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases are at much higher risk for poor outcome: the virus may not be preventable, but those conditions are. Marion Nestle

Cardiologists have a role to play, he added. They should already be aware of the fact that unhealthy diet . . . is the biggest cause of death and disability in the world, he said. But we need to get many more physicians involved in trying to get their own governments and the food industry to do something about about preventing obesity rather than causing it, and COVID-19 has just brought that home again.

That message needs to be heard on the other side of the Atlantic as well, agreed Marion Nestle, PhD (New York University, NY), who commented on the editorial for TCTMD. The coronavirus pandemic has revealed a great deal about inequities and contradictions in food systems in the US as well as in the UK, she said in an email.People with underlying obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases are at much higher risk for poor outcome: the virus may not be preventable, but those conditions are.

What the pandemic has made clear, she added, is that preventing obesity is a societal responsibility, more than a personal one. It reveals the need to create food systems and food environments that support healthy eating and that make healthier foods more available, accessible, and affordable.

Regulation of the food industry, she added would help a lot with this.

Read more:
Obesity's Role in COVID-19 Deaths: Big Food, Slow Government to Blame? - TCTMD

For Yan Dekel and his husband, Alex Maghen - who host Daddy Squared: The Gay Dads Podcast - welcoming twin boys via surrogacy four years ago has been the biggest blessing of their lives.

"Our kids were born when I was 47 years old, and we decided to look into surrogacy when I was around 45 or 44," Alex told POPSUGAR. "I had always wanted to have children, but obviously one of the big differences between being a gay couple and a straight couple is that many straight couples can have a bottle of wine at dinner and nine months later a child is born. For a gay couple, it's often a much more careful and thoughtful process."

Related: After Years of Disappointment, Surrogacy Finally Gave Me the Chance to Be a Parent

Alex and Yan's reasoning for going the surrogacy route was straightforward: they wanted to have a genetic connection to their children. "Both Alex and I were very curious to see what our own genes would look like," Yan explained. "Part of my perception about having kids had a lot to do with the commitment I wanted to make to Alex. To me, my reason for wanting kids is very romantic. I wanted my genetics to be connected with Alex's forever so that if, God forbid, something happens between us, we'll always be together in a way."

"When the first child came out, we both burst out laughing because it was so obvious which kid had our DNA."

The pair enlisted the help of a surrogacy agency, which gave them access to a bank of women who were willing to donate their eggs. "We went through dozens of profiles and we came up with five finalists," Yan said. "Then we asked our closest friends and family to help us choose between the five. We ended up having three viable embryos: two male ones, which were given the quality grade of AA, and a girl one, which was graded BB. We froze them, and then waited to be matched with a surrogate. We were matched about four months after."

Although Yan and Alex didn't necessarily care about the sex of their children, they knew they wanted twins due to their age. Because of Yan and Alex's age, they wanted to try for two babies at once, and because they didn't care about their children's sex, they chose to implant the best-quality embryos. Having twins is considered to be a high-risk pregnancy, so representatives suggested trying for just one child at first. Set on having twins, they stuck to their original plan.

Story continues

"During stressful experiences, it's easy to turn over and allow the experts to tell you what to do," Alex said. "And I think it's important to feel confident that what your heart desires is what you want to get, and go for it."

"There are ways to save money, but it's definitely going to cost a lot of money."

Their surrogate gave birth to biological half-brothers: one boy's DNA comes from Yan, while the other's comes from Alex. And although the couple didn't want to know which son took after which dad, they figured it out the second the babies were born with one look at their hair. "Right before we went into the delivery room, the doctor told us that she was capable of doing an instant genetic test to tell which one was which," Alex explained. "We immediately said no and that we didn't care, except when the first child came out, we both burst out laughing because it was so obvious which kid had our DNA."

For these dads, few things were more surprising than how much biology played a part in everything from their children's mannerisms to the types of music they like. "It's really an amazing sociological experiment," Alex said. "Our boys are 4 years old and they've been raised the same way, they've had the same home environment, attend the same school, and they eat the same food, yet one of them conducts himself so much like me, and one of them conducts himself so much like Yan."

Yan agreed: "Alex and I sometime joke that we cloned ourselves. It's amazing to see how much genes hold. It's not only that they physically resemble us, but their personalities do, too - including their tastes in food! What's been amazing to me is that Alex's biological son sometimes speaks in a heavy Philadelphian accent when he's upset. Neither Alex nor I have this accent, but Alex's mother does since his family is originally from Philadelphia!"

Related: Surrogacy Was a More Emotional Journey Than I Ever Expected -but So Worth It

For parents considering surrogacy, the couple recommends that people weigh all their options before fully committing.

"There's a lot of research that you can and should do," Alex said. "It's also going to cost a lot of money. There are ways to save money, but it's definitely going to cost a lot of money, and that's something you have to be prepared for. In a cold, hard way of putting it, surrogacy is a lot like buying a house. It's a big expense. It's a big undertaking. It can be stressful. And I think that you need to go into it feeling confident that you know what you want and not allowing other people to tell you how to do it."

Read the rest here:
2 Dads Share What It Was Like to Have Genetically Tied Twins Using a Surrogate - It's Incredible - Yahoo Lifestyle

Detraining is a natural physiological phenomenon that plays out in the body when an athlete ceases regular training. Any swimmer who has ever followed an intense season with a 2-3-week break and then returned to face the music will know what whats gained in three weeks is lost in a day feels like.

Forced lockdown during COVID-19 has broughtdetraining into sharp focus as swimmers, coaches and programs make their way back to water and pool deck.

To use the words of Pieter van den Hoogenbands dad Dr Cees-Reinvan den Hoogenband:

detraining results in a diminished efficiency of heart and lungs to transport oxygen and use this in active muscles (i.e. reduced cardio-respiratory efficiency, and a diminished capacity of skeletal muscle to display strength, flexibility and endurance (i.e. reduced musculoskeletal capability). Given the changes in energy expenditure, individual nutritional requirements will also change.

Dr. Van den Hoogenband, in his role as the chairman of the FINA Sports Medicine Committee advising the FINA COVID-19 Task Force backed by guidance from the World Health Organisation(WHO) and Government Agencies, issued a statement this week to coincide with the permissions being granted or considered by Public Health Authorities in many countries for a limited return to swimming pools and on the understanding that hygiene measures, hand washing, physical distancing and contact tracing initiatives are observed.

As we noted in a two-art feature with water health and hygiene expert Dr. Vincenze Spica (part 1 ; Part 2), there are reasons to be optimistic, reasons why elite swimming in control conditions can be revived. There are also, say scores of experts, cautionary measures that need to be observed at a time when more needs to be known about the nature of the novel coronavirus behind the current pandemic in which 7.6m people have been infected and more than 424,000 have died as a result of COVID-19, according to official registered statistics.

In his nite to swimmers, coaches and programs, Dr. Van den Hoogenband raises an issue critical to the health, welfare and successful return of athletes. He writes:

The SMC respectfully reminds all stakeholders that athletes, forced into an unprecedented and prolonged break from habituated training routines, may experience the physical effects of detraining.

For professional athletes with access to expertise in sports science and medicine, we understand that these issues will have already been anticipated and, to some extent, minimised by land-based exercise. However, many FINA athletes do not enjoy these privileges and it is inevitable that all athletes will be affected to some extent. Sport specific fitness for aquatic athletes can only be fully achieved through water-based activities.

The SMC wishes to raise these issues for the benefit of all aquatic athletes. We advise a gradual resumption of training, balancing water-based and land-based activities and increasing these elements slowly, starting with low and medium intensity exercise. This will allow your body to readjust and minimise the risk of overuse injury through failure to adapt to increasing workload. Rising energy demands of training will also require appropriate nutritional intake.

We also appreciate the psychological impact the COVID-19 pandemic has had on athletes, affecting normal interactions and routines, and as a consequence of postponement or cancellation of FINA events. Return to competition fitness will take several months and FINA will take this into account when making future decisions.

As Dr Van den Hoogenband noted, many of the worlds best swimmers and their coaches have access to experts and good resources when it comes to detraining. Iigo Mujika, the physiologist who works with coach Fred Vergnoux and team at Spanish swimming, is among those who has long considered the theme in academic work that feeds into the coaching of world-class swimmers, among other athletes.

Detraining is nothing new. Back in the days of the GDR, swimmers were detrained for up to two years after their last races, Kornelia Ender revealing back in 1993 in an interview with this author that she swam down and eased out of the sport over a period of almost two years. Part of the reason for that, according to medical papers recovered from Stasi (state police) files after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, was to attempt to reverse the androgenization of girls fed steroids since they were 13 years old. The issues raised are relevant to the current debate on gender in sport. Like so many things in this world, there is a light and dark side to the coin of knowledge.

Understanding detraining and taking the theme into account as swimming programs embrace a steady revival speaks to the best interests of athletes (including those who were abused with doping from a young age). Science developed in the GDR in what was the biggest experiment ever undertaken on athletes (an estimated 10,000 were affected), made its way to the library of understanding in world swimming long ago. Science does not stand still, of course, and much more has been learned since Ender and Co were swum down.

In 2001, Mujika co-authored a paper with Sabino Padillain which they considered the Cardiorespiratory and metabolic characteristics of detraining in humans (available free at that link). They wrote:

Detraining can be defined as the partial or complete loss of training-induced adaptations, in response to an insufficient training stimulus. Detraining is characterized, among other changes, by marked alterations in the cardiorespiratory system and the metabolic patterns during exercise. In highly trained athletes, insufficient training induces a rapid decline in O2max, but it remains above control values. Exercise heart rate increases insufficiently to counterbalance the decreased stroke volume resulting from a rapid blood volume loss, and maximal cardiac output is thus reduced. Cardiac dimensions are also reduced, as well as ventilatory efficiency. Consequently, endurance performance is also markedly impaired.

These changes are more moderate in recently trained subjects in the short-term, but recently acquired O2max gains are completely lost after training stoppage periods longer than 4 wk. From a metabolic viewpoint, even short-term inactivity implies an increased reliance on carbohydrate metabolism during exercise, as shown by a higher exercise respiratory exchange ratio. This may result from a reduced insulin sensitivity and GLUT-4 transporter protein content, coupled with a lowered muscle lipoprotein lipase activity. These metabolic changes may take place within 10 d of training cessation. Resting muscle glycogen concentration returns to baseline within a few weeks without training, and trained athletes lactate threshold is also lowered, but still remains above untrained values.

Their conclusion reads: Detraining, defined as the partial or complete loss of training-induced adaptations in response to an insufficient training stimulus, may take place within short periods of training cessation or marked reduction in habitual physical activity level. Short-term cardiorespiratory detraining is characterized in highly trained athletes by a rapid O2max decline, but it usually remains above sedentary values. O2max decreases to a lesser extent in recently trained subjects in the short run, but training-induced gains are most often completely reversed when training is stopped for a period longer than 4 wk. The O2max loss is the outcome of an immediate reduction in total blood and plasma volumes, the latter being caused by a reduced plasma protein content.

Even though exercise heart rate increases at both maximal and submaximal intensities, this is not sufficient to counterbalance the reduced stroke volume, and maximal cardiac output declines. Cardiac dimensions often decrease, blood pressure increases, and ventilatory efficiency is most usually impaired after periods of training cessation. This general loss in cardiorespiratory fitness results in a rapid decline in the trained athletes endurance performance. Recently acquired endurance performance gains, on the other hand, can be readily maintained for at least 2 wk without training.

From a metabolic perspective, even short-term detraining is characterized by a higher reliance on carbohydrate as a fuel for exercising muscles, as indicated by an increased respiratory exchange ratio. Whole-body glucose uptake is reduced, because of a decline in insulin sensitivity and a reduced muscle GLUT-4 transporter protein content, both in athletes and in recently trained individuals. In addition, muscle lipoprotein lipase activity decreases. Exercise blood lactate concentration increases at submaximal intensities, and the lactate threshold is apparent at a lower percentage of O2max. These changes, coupled with a base deficit, result in a higher postexercise acidosis. Finally, muscle glycogen concentration suffers a rapid decline, reverting to sedentary values within a few wk of training cessation.

Dr. G. John Mullen recently published the highlights of a conversation he had with Dr. Rodrigo Zacca, Ph.D, a Postdoctoral Researcher of Universidade do Porto in Portugal. Dr. Zacca studied the Effects of detraining in age-group swimmers performance, energetics and kinematics.

On his Swimming Science blog, Dr. Mullenpenned the 9 Things you Didnt Know about Swimming Detraining as a result of his conversation with Dr. Zacca. Here are the seven themes covered (read the article in full at Swimming Science for the detail):

Swimming Impairs: the main conclusions of this study suggest that detraining after four-weeks of pool-based training cessation can impair swimming performance at the start of the following training season in age-group swimmers, underlining the importance of maintaining fitness levels during off-season or swimming detraining.

3.8% Impairment: The 400-m front crawl performance of 1415 years old competitive swimmers was impaired by ~3.8% after four-weeks of training cessation

No Effects from Growth: Four-weeks was not long enough to detect growth effect on performance, but impairment of 400m front crawl performance was attenuated by those swimmers who were more physically active during the off-season.

Elite Swimmers 4-Week Detraining: For elite swimmers, there are three interesting studies.

High-Intensity Maintains Performance: Non-swimming specific physical activities during the offseason or swimming detraining accounted for 40% of the total variance in performance, showing good partial correlation with impairment in performance

How Long to Get In Swimming Shape After Covid-19: Many factors will influence the length of time for recovery from Covid-19. Size and speed to reverse these losses after the #Covid19 will depend on many aspects, such as current fitness level, training history, age, specificity of previous training, and even genetics (Mujika and Padilla 2000-01; Abrahin et al. 2019). However, since the pandemic is not over yet and we do not know when it will end, its time to attenuate the impairments in performance. Those who manage to remain more active (in a creative and intelligent way) will have fewer problems after this pandemic period.

Other Tips on Limiting Impairments from Swimming Detraining: First, dont stand waiting for the end of pandemic, as the impairments can be irreversible Second, be creative to create alternatives, but be intelligent (specificity matters a lot).

Dr Mullen notes that study of detraining and related issues was not the exclusive preserve of sport and the theme dovetails with other important factors in performance swimming, such as injury, health, disease; Taper; Off-season; and now a pandemic.

Understanding the effects of training reduction and cessation is of interest to other communities and society in general, writes Dr Mullen, noting the importance of the issue to the military, aerospace industry, care for and wellbeing of the elderly and the bedridden and those who suffer from conditions involving the loss of autonomy, including ageing, muscle disorders and related disabilities).

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See the article here:
Why Detraining Is At The Heart Of The Swimming Playbook In Covid-19 Season 2020 - Swimming World Magazine

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TOC

1 Report Overview1.1 Study Scope1.2 Key Market Segments1.3 Players Covered: Ranking by Male Breast Cancer Treatment Revenue1.4 Market Analysis by Type 1.4.1 Global Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size Growth Rate by Type: 2020 VS 2026 1.4.2 Medication 1.4.3 Chemotherapy 1.4.4 Others1.5 Market by Application 1.5.1 Global Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Share by Application: 2020 VS 2026 1.5.2 Hospitals 1.5.3 Clinics 1.5.4 Others1.6 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): Male Breast Cancer Treatment Industry Impact 1.6.1 How the Covid-19 is Affecting the Male Breast Cancer Treatment Industry 1.6.1.1 Male Breast Cancer Treatment Business Impact Assessment Covid-19 1.6.1.2 Supply Chain Challenges 1.6.1.3 COVID-19s Impact On Crude Oil and Refined Products 1.6.2 Market Trends and Male Breast Cancer Treatment Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape 1.6.3 Measures / Proposal against Covid-19 1.6.3.1 Government Measures to Combat Covid-19 Impact 1.6.3.2 Proposal for Male Breast Cancer Treatment Players to Combat Covid-19 Impact1.7 Study Objectives1.8 Years Considered 2 Global Growth Trends by Regions2.1 Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Perspective (2015-2026)2.2 Male Breast Cancer Treatment Growth Trends by Regions 2.2.1 Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size by Regions: 2015 VS 2020 VS 2026 2.2.2 Male Breast Cancer Treatment Historic Market Share by Regions (2015-2020) 2.2.3 Male Breast Cancer Treatment Forecasted Market Size by Regions (2021-2026)2.3 Industry Trends and Growth Strategy 2.3.1 Market Top Trends 2.3.2 Market Drivers 2.3.3 Market Challenges 2.3.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis 2.3.5 Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Growth Strategy 2.3.6 Primary Interviews with Key Male Breast Cancer Treatment Players (Opinion Leaders) 3 Competition Landscape by Key Players3.1 Global Top Male Breast Cancer Treatment Players by Market Size 3.1.1 Global Top Male Breast Cancer Treatment Players by Revenue (2015-2020) 3.1.2 Global Male Breast Cancer Treatment Revenue Market Share by Players (2015-2020) 3.1.3 Global Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)3.2 Global Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Concentration Ratio 3.2.1 Global Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) 3.2.2 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by Male Breast Cancer Treatment Revenue in 20193.3 Male Breast Cancer Treatment Key Players Head office and Area Served3.4 Key Players Male Breast Cancer Treatment Product Solution and Service3.5 Date of Enter into Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market3.6 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans 4 Breakdown Data by Type (2015-2026)4.1 Global Male Breast Cancer Treatment Historic Market Size by Type (2015-2020)4.2 Global Male Breast Cancer Treatment Forecasted Market Size by Type (2021-2026) 5 Male Breast Cancer Treatment Breakdown Data by Application (2015-2026)5.1 Global Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size by Application (2015-2020)5.2 Global Male Breast Cancer Treatment Forecasted Market Size by Application (2021-2026) 6 North America6.1 North America Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (2015-2020)6.2 Male Breast Cancer Treatment Key Players in North America (2019-2020)6.3 North America Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size by Type (2015-2020)6.4 North America Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size by Application (2015-2020) 7 Europe7.1 Europe Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (2015-2020)7.2 Male Breast Cancer Treatment Key Players in Europe (2019-2020)7.3 Europe Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size by Type (2015-2020)7.4 Europe Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size by Application (2015-2020) 8 China8.1 China Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (2015-2020)8.2 Male Breast Cancer Treatment Key Players in China (2019-2020)8.3 China Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size by Type (2015-2020)8.4 China Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size by Application (2015-2020) 9 Japan9.1 Japan Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (2015-2020)9.2 Male Breast Cancer Treatment Key Players in Japan (2019-2020)9.3 Japan Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size by Type (2015-2020)9.4 Japan Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size by Application (2015-2020) 10 Southeast Asia10.1 Southeast Asia Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (2015-2020)10.2 Male Breast Cancer Treatment Key Players in Southeast Asia (2019-2020)10.3 Southeast Asia Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size by Type (2015-2020)10.4 Southeast Asia Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size by Application (2015-2020) 11 India11.1 India Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (2015-2020)11.2 Male Breast Cancer Treatment Key Players in India (2019-2020)11.3 India Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size by Type (2015-2020)11.4 India Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size by Application (2015-2020) 12 Central & South America12.1 Central & South America Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size (2015-2020)12.2 Male Breast Cancer Treatment Key Players in Central & South America (2019-2020)12.3 Central & South America Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size by Type (2015-2020)12.4 Central & South America Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size by Application (2015-2020) 13 Key Players Profiles13.1 Pfizer 13.1.1 Pfizer Company Details 13.1.2 Pfizer Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 13.1.3 Pfizer Male Breast Cancer Treatment Introduction 13.1.4 Pfizer Revenue in Male Breast Cancer Treatment Business (2015-2020)) 13.1.5 Pfizer Recent Development13.2 Roche 13.2.1 Roche Company Details 13.2.2 Roche Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 13.2.3 Roche Male Breast Cancer Treatment Introduction 13.2.4 Roche Revenue in Male Breast Cancer Treatment Business (2015-2020) 13.2.5 Roche Recent Development13.3 GlaxoSmithKline 13.3.1 GlaxoSmithKline Company Details 13.3.2 GlaxoSmithKline Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 13.3.3 GlaxoSmithKline Male Breast Cancer Treatment Introduction 13.3.4 GlaxoSmithKline Revenue in Male Breast Cancer Treatment Business (2015-2020) 13.3.5 GlaxoSmithKline Recent Development13.4 Sanofi 13.4.1 Sanofi Company Details 13.4.2 Sanofi Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 13.4.3 Sanofi Male Breast Cancer Treatment Introduction 13.4.4 Sanofi Revenue in Male Breast Cancer Treatment Business (2015-2020) 13.4.5 Sanofi Recent Development13.5 Novartis 13.5.1 Novartis Company Details 13.5.2 Novartis Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 13.5.3 Novartis Male Breast Cancer Treatment Introduction 13.5.4 Novartis Revenue in Male Breast Cancer Treatment Business (2015-2020) 13.5.5 Novartis Recent Development13.6 Bayer 13.6.1 Bayer Company Details 13.6.2 Bayer Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 13.6.3 Bayer Male Breast Cancer Treatment Introduction 13.6.4 Bayer Revenue in Male Breast Cancer Treatment Business (2015-2020) 13.6.5 Bayer Recent Development13.7 Bristol-Myers Squibb 13.7.1 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Details 13.7.2 Bristol-Myers Squibb Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 13.7.3 Bristol-Myers Squibb Male Breast Cancer Treatment Introduction 13.7.4 Bristol-Myers Squibb Revenue in Male Breast Cancer Treatment Business (2015-2020) 13.7.5 Bristol-Myers Squibb Recent Development13.8 Eli Lilly 13.8.1 Eli Lilly Company Details 13.8.2 Eli Lilly Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 13.8.3 Eli Lilly Male Breast Cancer Treatment Introduction 13.8.4 Eli Lilly Revenue in Male Breast Cancer Treatment Business (2015-2020) 13.8.5 Eli Lilly Recent Development13.9 AstraZeneca 13.9.1 AstraZeneca Company Details 13.9.2 AstraZeneca Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 13.9.3 AstraZeneca Male Breast Cancer Treatment Introduction 13.9.4 AstraZeneca Revenue in Male Breast Cancer Treatment Business (2015-2020) 13.9.5 AstraZeneca Recent Development13.10 Teva Pharmaceutical 13.10.1 Teva Pharmaceutical Company Details 13.10.2 Teva Pharmaceutical Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 13.10.3 Teva Pharmaceutical Male Breast Cancer Treatment Introduction 13.10.4 Teva Pharmaceutical Revenue in Male Breast Cancer Treatment Business (2015-2020) 13.10.5 Teva Pharmaceutical Recent Development13.11 Sun Pharmaceutical 10.11.1 Sun Pharmaceutical Company Details 10.11.2 Sun Pharmaceutical Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 10.11.3 Sun Pharmaceutical Male Breast Cancer Treatment Introduction 10.11.4 Sun Pharmaceutical Revenue in Male Breast Cancer Treatment Business (2015-2020) 10.11.5 Sun Pharmaceutical Recent Development13.12 BioNumerik Pharmaceuticals 10.12.1 BioNumerik Pharmaceuticals Company Details 10.12.2 BioNumerik Pharmaceuticals Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 10.12.3 BioNumerik Pharmaceuticals Male Breast Cancer Treatment Introduction 10.12.4 BioNumerik Pharmaceuticals Revenue in Male Breast Cancer Treatment Business (2015-2020) 10.12.5 BioNumerik Pharmaceuticals Recent Development13.13 Seattle Genetics 10.13.1 Seattle Genetics Company Details 10.13.2 Seattle Genetics Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 10.13.3 Seattle Genetics Male Breast Cancer Treatment Introduction 10.13.4 Seattle Genetics Revenue in Male Breast Cancer Treatment Business (2015-2020) 10.13.5 Seattle Genetics Recent Development13.14 Accord Healthcare 10.14.1 Accord Healthcare Company Details 10.14.2 Accord Healthcare Business Overview and Its Total Revenue 10.14.3 Accord Healthcare Male Breast Cancer Treatment Introduction 10.14.4 Accord Healthcare Revenue in Male Breast Cancer Treatment Business (2015-2020) 10.14.5 Accord Healthcare Recent Development 14 Analysts Viewpoints/Conclusions 15 Appendix15.1 Research Methodology 15.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach 15.1.2 Data Source15.2 Disclaimer15.3 Author Details

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COVID-19 Impact on Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Research Report: Probable Key Development To Be Observed Market States And Outlook Across By...

"There are so many unanswered questions, so many puzzles we are yet to solve," she said.

Dr Bart should have been on a plane on Monday, bound for Harvard University and the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Massachusetts for her 10-month Fulbright exchange placement, collaborating with fellow bright minds to unravel the complexities of cardiac genetics.

The Fulbright Program is a highly coveted US foreign exchange scholarship program, aimed at increasing bi-national research collaboration, cultural understanding and the exchange of ideas.

The COVID-19 pandemic has waylaid Dr Bart's travel plans and diverted her attention to the effects of the virus on cardiac patients. But she is continuing her research into the genetic roots of cardiac disease, in particular cardiac amyloidosis, where abnormal protein deposits amyloid fibrils build up in heart tissue, causing heart failure.

Amyloid heart disease used to be a death sentence, Dr Bart said.

"By the time we see patients and diagnose them, it's often too late. We had no treatment we could offer these patients until very recently," she said. "Now that we have those treatments we have a clinical imperative to diagnose early [using genetic testing].

"We are on this cusp of a genetics and genomic revolution where patients can be offered treatment based on their individual genetic make-up," Dr Bart said. "It's hugely exciting".

Being on the cusp of scientific breakthroughs seems like a fitting spot for the expert mountaineer. Dr Bart and her mother, Cheryl Bart, were first mother-daughter team to summit Everest and complete the "Seven Summits" challenge climbing the highest mountains on each continent.

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"I appreciate what it feel like to push your body to the extreme," she said.

"The thing about being in high altitudes, up about 8000 metres, you have to focus on the next step and breath. There's a mindfulness to that focus, and not worrying about the bigger problem. You have a plan in place and you just keep taking that next step."

It's an ethos she brings to her research in the male-dominated field. Women account for just 15 per cent of cardiologists in Australia.

"There is still a huge gender gap, and this is likely affecting outcomes in research," she said. "The fascinating thing about women's hearts is that they behave different to men's. The signs and symptoms are different. Women don't have that thumping elephant-on-the-chest pain. They have more subtle symptoms.

"It's imperative that we have more female specialists and we utilise our different ways of thinking. We need more people to think laterally and collaborate."

Associate Professor Anthony Schembri, chief executive officer at St Vincent's Hospital, described Dr Bart as "a compassionate specialist who cares deeply for each of her patients, at the same time as undertaking research from the bench to the bedside with the aim of achieving long-term improved outcomes in her field of cardiac genetics".

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Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute executive director Professor Jason Kovacic said Dr Bart was "one of the many inspiring women in science, a trailblazer, pushing the boundaries and paving the way for hopefully more women considering a career as a researcher".

"It is a great honour to be awarded a Fulbright scholarship, and it is a reflection of Dr Bart's dedication to be at the forefront of medical research and ensure that studies are not undertaken in isolation but rather in collaboration with global partners to truly make a difference for patients suffering from heart disease," he said.

Kate Aubusson is Health Editor of The Sydney Morning Herald.

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Sydney cardiologist honoured with Fulbright scholarship - Sydney Morning Herald

COVID-19 Impact on Global Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size, Status and Forecast 2020-2026, Key Regions, Types and Application, By Players, Type, Application, Marketing Channel and Region

This report focuses on the COVID-19 Impact on Global Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market status, future forecast, growth opportunity, key market and key players. The study objectives are to present COVID-19 Impact on Global Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market development in United States, Europe and China.

In 2019, COVID-19 Impact on Global Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market size was million US$ and it is expected to reach million US$ by the end of 2025, with a CAGR of during 2020-2025.

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Top Key Players: Pfizer, Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi, Novartis, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, Teva Pharmaceutical, Sun Pharmaceutical, BioNumerik Pharmaceuticals, Seattle Genetics, and Accord Healthcare

This report provides pinpoint analysis for changing competitive dynamics. It offers a forward-looking perspective on different factors driving or limiting market growth. It provides a five-year forecast assessed on the basis of how they COVID-19 Impact on Global Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market is predicted to grow. It helps in understanding the key product segments and their future and helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments.

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What will the market size and the growth rate be in 2026?

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What are the challenges to market growth?

Who are the key vendors in COVID-19 Impact on Global Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market?

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Trending factors influencing the market shares of the Americas, APAC, Europe, and MEA.

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2.) The Asia COVID-19 Impact on Global Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market;

3.) The North American COVID-19 Impact on Global Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market;

4.) The European COVID-19 Impact on Global Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market;

5.) Market entry and investment feasibility;

6.) The report conclusion.

All the research report is made by using two techniques that are Primary and secondary research. There are various dynamic features of the business, like client need and feedback from the customers. Before (company name) curate any report, it has studied in-depth from all dynamic aspects such as industrial structure, application, classification, and definition.

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It provides pin point analysis of changing competition dynamics and keeps you ahead of competitors

It helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments

TABLE OF CONTENT:

1 Report Overview

2 Global Growth Trends

3 Market Share by Key Players

4 Breakdown Data by Type and Application

5 United States

6 Europe

7 China

8 Japan

9 Southeast Asia

10 India

11 Central & South America

12 International Players Profiles

13 Market Forecast 2020-2026

14 Analysts Viewpoints/Conclusions

15 Appendix

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COVID-19 Impact on Global Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market Size, Status and Forecast 2020-2026,Top Key Players: Pfizer, Roche, GlaxoSmithKline,...

My son is brown. Dark-brown-sugar-left-on-the-stove-to-caramelize brown. He is short and muscular, with a wide back and a high, track booty like his dad. He is deep-voiced despite his mere five years. Hes full of gumption, eye rolls, and head cocks, with a smart mouth and lip smacks. He is expressive.

That really hurts! He yelled at the nurse when he got his shots.

Dont pull on me! He protested when I yanked him in the car.

He doesnt know that all these things about him are what innately, unconsciously, unawarely, put him in danger. They make him endangered. But I know. After all, he is my son.

Mylen. His name means gracious, dear one, or Gift of God. In this country, I know he will only be seen as such to me, his father, and his family. Yet I dont want him to know this unfortunate truth. I dont want him to know the limitations that have been set on his life simply because genetics, ancestry, and my choice in whom to love, preternaturally predetermined for him to be born Black and male. A Black boy who may only be seen as such for a few more years.

But despite all this knowing, all this perception in the face of systemic oppression, I am still raising him to be fearless, and free.

We live in Jacksonville, Florida. The city, where in 2012, 17-year-old Jordan Davis was killed on Black Friday at a gas station after an argument over loud music by a privileged, racist white man. Months earlier, 17-year-old Trayvon Martin was killed in Sanford, a 90-minute drive south of Jacksonville. In April 2020, Ahmaud Arbery was killed in Glynn County, Georgia, a 90-minute drive north of Jacksonville.

I know intimately the unrest that is awakened when a Black body is forced into death. Were seeing it right now across the country and around the world. The gripping fear that takes hold in a mothers soul when she sees the news about the murder of someone elses son, who reminds her of her son my son. There is a saying in the : Mothers pray their sons will make it to the age of 25. The hope is that somehow, alchemy intervenes after the 25th trip around the sun that then, stray bullets, gang confrontations, and the second-class conditions that ghettoize any community where Black people live will no longer be a weapon that prospers.

These would have been my concerns if I still lived in the Southside of Chicago, the neighborhood of my origin. These would be my concerns if I lived in the Black neighborhoods of Jacksonville. But even though, Ive moved on up, the fears I feel regarding the longevity of my sons life have not let up.

Suburban sprawl in a meticulously pre-planned community: Thats where we dwell. We have a neighborhood watch. There are only three other Black families on our block. My son will go to a good school that reaps the benefits of our zip code and our property taxes. In that school, where he will start Kindergarten in the fall, he may be othered, labeled, ostracized, and deemed a problem child. I am not trying to speak negatively of my son; I simply understand the stakes he will face. Yet, against all these odds, I want him to know he can do anything, be anything, go anywhere, and say anything.

At the park, I beam as he climbs the chain-link fence, glowing with pride at his feat. At home, I allow him to express himself as long as he is respectful. I watch with lax eyes as he runs up and down our block training for a race against his imagination. I stand in awe when we play baseball in our backyard and he hits the ball to our roof, or over the neighbors fence.

There is power in his body, curiosity in his mind, swag in his demeanor, love in his heart, affection in his hug, tenderness in his kiss, and joy in his soul. I do not relish the day that we will have the talk about what he is, and what that means to others who dont look like him. I do not look forward to impressing upon him that his very existence is a threat, and that every second he draws breath is grace and mercy from those who can weaponize their false, fresh white tears against him. I do not want to tell him that even though his father wears blue and served in the Marine Corps, this does not keep him safe.

Mylen will live the majority of his life knowing that the essence of who he is will be disregarded because of how he presents in the world. That his Blackness and maleness is an affront to the descendants of colonizers, Columbusers, enslavers, and public liberals/closet Karens. There will be plenty of time for him to get to know the fear associated with passing police cars. He will have all of his life to learn the hurt when a white woman clutches her purse, or a white man sneers the word boy.

For now, this is our time. Before I instill him with fear, I want him to know what it is to be free. This could very well be the last time he knows such a feeling.

Help young kids of color feel seen with these beautiful Black and biracial dolls that are gorgeous and important.

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How Im Raising My Black Son to Be Free & Fearless Despite the Killings of Men Like Him - SheKnows

Almost three hours into his interrogation by Toronto police, the man who purposely crashed a van into pedestrians along a crowded Toronto sidewalk explained his motive, his dogma. Likely meant as a solemn homily, the words instead push the detective to laugh.

The 10 dead and 16 injured left along Yonge Street in 2018 were causalities of an uprising, the driver said, a beta uprising, if you will, against the Chads and the Stacys.

From his interrogator, Det. Rob Thomas, with the behavioural assessment section no less, a snicker slipped.

Who can blame him? Could there be a more absurd manifesto for mass murder?

Thomas forged ahead with a remarkable session over four and a half hours in which Alek Minassian revealed his online radicalization in the emerging incel ideology (short for involuntary celibate) that has become a woman-hating subculture.

Responses to incel ideology are evolving as violence sparked by its dogma continues, and an online community of fellow believers cheer each attack. While its ideas can evoke laughter of disbelief, its impact is deadly serious.

Last week was a milestone in how Canada responds to incel violence in two significant ways not only showing the hammer but extending a hand.

Incel violence was deemed an act of terrorism in Canada for the first time, when charges against a teenager accused of a deadly machete attack against female workers at a Toronto erotic massage parlour were upgraded to include murder terrorist activity.

At the same time, it is being addressed more urgently as a mental health and social issue needing specific intervention.

While police chase danger from incels as part of an ideological group, mental health professionals, social workers and anti-extremist activists focus on the individuals, the self-described lonely and unloved men behind incel culture and its violent ideas.

Efforts moved forward this week to look into the mindset of incels to short circuit a spiral from loneliness to loathing to violence.

There are certain players involved with the problem of violent extremism and terrorism and they have specific roles, said John McCoy, executive director of the Organization for the Prevention of Violence (OPV).

Youve got an intelligence-gathering agency and law enforcement agencies, but there is a gap and that gap is related to prevention.

While counter violent extremism is usually associated with Islamic jihadists and white supremacists, several organizations are now extending outreach to incels.

Counter violent extremist programming is about trying to prevent the escalation of those who are engaged with some kind of ideology that promotes violence from deciding to get up one day and do something about it like Minassian getting into a van, said McCoy.

McCoys Edmonton-based organization released a report this week to guide mental health practitioners, doctors, social workers, mentors and youth workers in dealing with incels.

Individuals who associate with the incel movement appear more likely than the general population to self-report anxiety, depression and other mood disorders, the OPV says.

Incels span a range of behaviour and belief.

While the violent fringe of the incel movement is being recognized as a threat, it is important to acknowledge the majority of incels are not violent and may be at a higher risk of self-harm than the general population, the report says.

Incels, at least online, often revel in an indifference to living; suicide seems an ever-present possibility with frequent references to the rope call or suifuel, which is something that fuels a desire to die.

One large incel forum conducts periodic polls of its members. In a poll this past March, 88 per cent said they were unhappy; 74 per cent had long-lasting anxiety or emotional distress; 77 per cent were not optimistic about the future and 71.5 per cent said they were on the autism spectrum. Its poll last year found 67.5 per cent of members had seriously considered suicide.

It is important to acknowledge the majority of incels are not violent

Moonshot CVE, a British deradicalization company that works with federal governments, is also turning attention to incels in Canada.

Public Safety Canada recently funded Moonshot for a detailed incel study. This week, it released its first report, designed to help frontline practitioners and social services interrupt incel mobilization to violence.

The Toronto van attack in 2018, and the more recent attack in February 2020, have put their capacity for real-world harm beyond doubt, the Moonshot report says.

It is also clear to anyone who spends time in these communities where both suicidal ideation and suicide itself are rampant incels also pose a significant threat to themselves. The first step in understanding how to engage with these at-risk men is to understand how they communicate and share their worldview.

To that end, Moonshots guide to incel symbols and terminology seeks to break down the jargon to allow informed outside engagement.

In an odd way, Minassian did a lot of that work.

During his four-hour interrogation he spoke in granular detail about the destructive incel worldview, such as dividing humanity into categories of betas, Stacys, Chads and normies.

(A beta is an incel, rejected by society and women because of unfair and unchangeable genetics; a Stacy is the archetype for attractive women who shun betas; a Chad is the name for sexually successful men who attract women despite being seen as dumb; normies are the masses with average looks.)

It sounds childish and comical but it is a meme-friendly way of sorting and explaining incel experiences.

Micah Clark, a Moonshot principal currently based in Ottawa, said incels are unique in the world of violent extremists.

Theyre the ones who adopted the concept of incel, theyve taken that on as their own identity, rather than being called something by other people, he said.

It is a community that has a lot of mental health and social heath needs A lot of these folks are at a very high risk of harming themselves and no one else.

While most incels really have a lot of disdain for themselves and a lot of self-hatred, they are also really into themselves

Then you suddenly have the stark terror of violent attacks and that can never be ignored.

Its a trickier movement to work with, said Clark. Its trickier to understand. They are much more self-aware around who they are and much more self-aware of the fact they are being observed.

They are quite fascinated with themselves. While most incels really have a lot of disdain for themselves and a lot of self-hatred, they are also really into themselves.

Clark said Moonshot has worked with many hardened, tough-nosed counter-terrorist types and former extremists.

And incels weird them out to a degree and in a way that no other movement does. Part of whats so disturbing is its so relatable loneliness and sadness and lack of connection. Its a human experience a lot of us feel and they have felt it in a way that is so far beyond what a lot of us have.

You can recognize that empathy without having to have any sympathy. You can recognize the human experience that led them to this place without having any acceptability around the misogyny, and rejecting it fundamentally.

These reports both highlight one obstacle in reaching incels: despite their self-declared needs, they tend to reject assistance.

The reaction of incels when non-incels engage in their forums is often hostile, rejecting any input from normies.

Accepting therapy and psychological intervention means rejecting incel dogma, Moonshots report says. Under incel dogma, physical appearance is all women care about in sex partners, so pro-social intervention is useless, incels counter.

As one incel post says: therapy dont fix your face.

Overcoming these barriers and making support more accessible will be key to preventing further acts of violence, says the OPV report.

Which means overcoming the irony of a community built on loneliness being hostile to outsiders.

Email: ahumphreys@postmedia.com | Twitter:

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Inside the minds of incels: Experts seek to short-circuit the spiral from loneliness to loathing to violence - National Post

KENILWORTH, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Jun 1, 2020--

AstraZeneca and Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, today announced that the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has adopted a positive opinion, recommending LYNPARZA for approval as monotherapy for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with germline BRCA 1/2 mutations (g BRCA m) who have metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and have not progressed after a minimum of 16 weeks of platinum treatment within a first-line chemotherapy regimen.

The CHMP based its positive opinion on results from the Phase 3 POLO trial, which were previously published in TheNew England Journal of Medicine.

The trial demonstrated LYNPARZA nearly doubled the time patients with g BRCA m metastatic pancreatic cancer lived without disease progression or death to a median of 7.4 months vs. 3.8 months on placebo (HR 0.53 [95% CI 0.35-0.82]p=0.004).

The safety and tolerability profile of LYNPARZA in the POLO trial was consistent with previous trials. The most common adverse reactions (ARs) 10% were fatigue/asthenia (60%), nausea (45%), abdominal pain (34%), diarrhea (29%), anemia (27%), decreased appetite (25%), constipation (23%), vomiting (20%), back pain (19%), arthralgia (15%), rash (15%), thrombocytopenia (14%), dyspnea (13%), neutropenia (12%), nasopharyngitis (12%), dysgeusia (11%), and stomatitis (10%). The most common Grade 3 ARs were anemia (11%), fatigue/asthenia (5%), decreased appetite (3%), abdominal pain (2%), vomiting (1%) and arthralgia (1%). Among patients taking LYNPARZA, dose interruptions due to an AR of any grade occurred in 35% and dose reductions due to an AR occurred in 17%. Discontinuation due to ARs occurred in 6% of patients receiving LYNPARZA.

Dr. Jos Baselga, executive vice president, oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, said, Patients with advanced pancreatic cancer have seen limited treatment advances over the last few decades. We are now one step closer to potentially bringing the first targeted medicine to certain biomarker-selected patients with advanced pancreatic cancer in the EU.

Dr. Roy Baynes, senior vice president and head of global clinical development, chief medical officer, Merck Research Laboratories, said, A pancreatic cancer diagnosis is devastating, and we are committed to research that aims to change the prognosis for patients. The POLO trial demonstrated that treatment with LYNPARZA extended time without disease progression in certain patients with advanced pancreatic cancer we are hopeful that we will be able to bring this treatment to patients in the EU soon.

LYNPARZA is approved in the U.S. as a first line maintenance treatment for patients with g BRCA m metastatic pancreatic cancer whose disease has not progressed on at least 16 weeks of a first-line platinum-based chemotherapy regimen.

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

CONTRAINDICATIONS

There are no contraindications for LYNPARZA.

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

Myelodysplastic Syndrome/Acute Myeloid Leukemia (MDS/AML): Occurred in <1.5% of patients exposed to LYNPARZA monotherapy, and the majority of events had a fatal outcome. The duration of therapy in patients who developed secondary MDS/AML varied from <6 months to >2 years. All of these patients had previous chemotherapy with platinum agents and/or other DNA-damaging agents, including radiotherapy, and some also had a history of more than one primary malignancy or of bone marrow dysplasia.

Do not start LYNPARZA until patients have recovered from hematological toxicity caused by previous chemotherapy (Grade 1). Monitor complete blood count for cytopenia at baseline and monthly thereafter for clinically significant changes during treatment. For prolonged hematological toxicities, interrupt LYNPARZA and monitor blood count weekly until recovery.

If the levels have not recovered to Grade 1 or less after 4 weeks, refer the patient to a hematologist for further investigations, including bone marrow analysis and blood sample for cytogenetics. Discontinue LYNPARZA if MDS/AML is confirmed.

Pneumonitis: Occurred in <1% of patients exposed to LYNPARZA, and some cases were fatal. If patients present with new or worsening respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and fever, or a radiological abnormality occurs, interrupt LYNPARZA treatment and initiate prompt investigation. Discontinue LYNPARZA if pneumonitis is confirmed and treat patient appropriately.

Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Based on its mechanism of action and findings in animals, LYNPARZA can cause fetal harm. A pregnancy test is recommended for females of reproductive potential prior to initiating treatment.

Females

Advise females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus and to use effective contraception during treatment and for 6 months following the last dose.

Males

Advise male patients with female partners of reproductive potential or who are pregnant to use effective contraception during treatment and for 3 months following the last dose of LYNPARZA and to not donate sperm during this time.

Venous Thromboembolic Events: Including pulmonary embolism, occurred in 7% of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who received LYNPARZA plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) compared to 3.1% of patients receiving enzalutamide or abiraterone plus ADT in the PROfound study. Patients receiving LYNPARZA and ADT had a 6% incidence of pulmonary embolism compared to 0.8% of patients treated with ADT plus either enzalutamide or abiraterone. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and treat as medically appropriate, which may include long-term anticoagulation as clinically indicated.

ADVERSE REACTIONSFirst-Line Maintenance BRCA m Advanced Ovarian Cancer

Most common adverse reactions (Grades 1-4) in 10% of patients in clinical trials of LYNPARZA in the first-line maintenance setting for SOLO-1 were: nausea (77%), fatigue (67%), abdominal pain (45%), vomiting (40%), anemia (38%), diarrhea (37%), constipation (28%), upper respiratory tract infection/influenza/ nasopharyngitis/bronchitis (28%), dysgeusia (26%), decreased appetite (20%), dizziness (20%), neutropenia (17%), dyspepsia (17%), dyspnea (15%), leukopenia (13%), UTI (13%), thrombocytopenia (11%), and stomatitis (11%).

Most common laboratory abnormalities (Grades 1-4) in 25% of patients in clinical trials of LYNPARZA in the first-line maintenance setting for SOLO-1 were: decrease in hemoglobin (87%), increase in mean corpuscular volume (87%), decrease in leukocytes (70%), decrease in lymphocytes (67%), decrease in absolute neutrophil count (51%), decrease in platelets (35%), and increase in serum creatinine (34%).

ADVERSE REACTIONSFirst-Line Maintenance Advanced Ovarian Cancer in Combination with Bevacizumab

Most common adverse reactions (Grades 1-4) in 10% of patients treated with LYNPARZA/bevacizumab compared to a 5% frequency for placebo/bevacizumab in the first-line maintenance setting for PAOLA-1 were: nausea (53%), fatigue (including asthenia) (53%), anemia (41%), lymphopenia (24%), vomiting (22%) and leukopenia (18%). In addition, the most common adverse reactions (10%) for patients receiving LYNPARZA/bevacizumab irrespective of the frequency compared with the placebo/bevacizumab arm were: diarrhea (18%), neutropenia (18%), urinary tract infection (15%), and headache (14%).

In addition, venous thromboembolic events occurred more commonly in patients receiving LYNPARZA/bevacizumab (5%) than in those receiving placebo/bevacizumab (1.9%).

Most common laboratory abnormalities (Grades 1-4) in 25% of patients for LYNPARZA in combination with bevacizumab in the first-line maintenance setting for PAOLA-1 were: decrease in hemoglobin (79%), decrease in lymphocytes (63%), increase in serum creatinine (61%), decrease in leukocytes (59%), decrease in absolute neutrophil count (35%), and decrease in platelets (35%).

ADVERSE REACTIONSMaintenance Recurrent Ovarian Cancer

Most common adverse reactions (Grades 1-4) in 20% of patients in clinical trials of LYNPARZA in the maintenance setting for SOLO-2 were: nausea (76%), fatigue (including asthenia) (66%), anemia (44%), vomiting (37%), nasopharyngitis/upper respiratory tract infection (URI)/influenza (36%), diarrhea (33%), arthralgia/myalgia (30%), dysgeusia (27%), headache (26%), decreased appetite (22%), and stomatitis (20%).

Study 19: nausea (71%), fatigue (including asthenia) (63%), vomiting (35%), diarrhea (28%), anemia (23%), respiratory tract infection (22%), constipation (22%), headache (21%), decreased appetite (21%), and dyspepsia (20%).

Most common laboratory abnormalities (Grades 1-4) in 25% of patients in clinical trials of LYNPARZA in the maintenance setting (SOLO-2/Study 19 ) were: increase in mean corpuscular volume (89%/82%), decrease in hemoglobin (83%/82%), decrease in leukocytes (69%/58%), decrease in lymphocytes (67%/52%), decrease in absolute neutrophil count (51%/47%), increase in serum creatinine (44%/45%), and decrease in platelets (42%/36%).

ADVERSE REACTIONSAdvanced g BRCA m Ovarian Cancer

Most common adverse reactions (Grades 1-4) in 20% of patients in clinical trials of

LYNPARZA for advanced g BRCA m ovarian cancer after 3 or more lines of chemotherapy (pooled from 6 studies) were: fatigue/asthenia (66%), nausea (64%), vomiting (43%), anemia (34%), diarrhea (31%), nasopharyngitis/upper respiratory tract infection (URI) (26%), dyspepsia (25%), myalgia (22%), decreased appetite (22%), and arthralgia/musculoskeletal pain (21%).

Most common laboratory abnormalities (Grades 1-4) in 25% of patients in clinical trials of LYNPARZA for advanced g BRCA m ovarian cancer (pooled from 6 studies) were: decrease in hemoglobin (90%), mean corpuscular volume elevation (57%), decrease in lymphocytes (56%), increase in serum creatinine (30%), decrease in platelets (30%), and decrease in absolute neutrophil count (25%).

ADVERSE REACTIONSg BRCA m, HER2-negative Metastatic Breast Cancer

Most common adverse reactions (Grades 1-4) in 20% of patients in OlympiAD were: nausea (58%), anemia (40%), fatigue (including asthenia) (37%), vomiting (30%), neutropenia (27%), respiratory tract infection (27%), leukopenia (25%), diarrhea (21%), and headache (20%).

Most common laboratory abnormalities (Grades 1-4) in > 25% of patients in OlympiAD were: decrease in hemoglobin (82%), decrease in lymphocytes (73%), decrease in leukocytes (71%), increase in mean corpuscular volume (71%), decrease in absolute neutrophil count (46%), and decrease in platelets (33%).

ADVERSE REACTIONSFirst-Line Maintenance g BRCA m Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Most common adverse reactions (Grades 1-4) in 10% of patients in clinical trials of LYNPARZA in the first-line maintenance setting for POLO were: fatigue (60%), nausea (45%), abdominal pain (34%), diarrhea (29%), anemia (27%), decreased appetite (25%), constipation (23%), vomiting (20%), back pain (19%), arthralgia (15%), rash (15%), thrombocytopenia (14%), dyspnea (13%), neutropenia (12%), nasopharyngitis (12%), dysgeusia (11%), and stomatitis (10%).

Most common laboratory abnormalities (Grades 1-4) in 25% of patients in clinical trials of LYNPARZA in the first-line maintenance setting for POLO were: increase in serum creatinine (99%), decrease in hemoglobin (86%), increase in mean corpuscular volume (71%), decrease in lymphocytes (61%), decrease in platelets (56%), decrease in leukocytes (50%), and decrease in absolute neutrophil count (25%).

ADVERSE REACTIONSHRR Gene-mutated Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer

Most common adverse reactions (Grades 1-4) in 10% of patients in clinical trials of LYNPARZA for PROfound were: anemia (46%), fatigue (including asthenia) (41%), nausea (41%), decreased appetite (30%), diarrhea (21%), vomiting (18%), thrombocytopenia (12%), cough (11%), and dyspnea (10%).

Most common laboratory abnormalities (Grades 1-4) in 25% of patients in clinical trials of LYNPARZA for PROfound were: decrease in hemoglobin (98%), decrease in lymphocytes (62%), decrease in leukocytes (53%), and decrease in absolute neutrophil count (34%).

DRUG INTERACTIONS

Anticancer Agents: Clinical studies of LYNPARZA with other myelosuppressive anticancer agents, including DNA-damaging agents, indicate a potentiation and prolongation of myelosuppressive toxicity.

CYP3A Inhibitors: Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A inhibitors when using LYNPARZA. If a strong or moderate CYP3A inhibitor must be coadministered, reduce the dose of LYNPARZA. Advise patients to avoid grapefruit, grapefruit juice, Seville oranges, and Seville orange juice during LYNPARZA treatment.

CYP3A Inducers: Avoid coadministration of strong or moderate CYP3A inducers when using LYNPARZA.

USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

Lactation: No data are available regarding the presence of olaparib in human milk, its effects on the breastfed infant or on milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in the breastfed infant, advise a lactating woman not to breastfeed during treatment with LYNPARZA and for 1 month after receiving the final dose.

Pediatric Use: The safety and efficacy of LYNPARZA have not been established in pediatric patients.

Hepatic Impairment: No adjustment to the starting dose is required in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh classification A and B). There are no data in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh classification C).

Renal Impairment: No dosage modification is recommended in patients with mild renal impairment (CLcr 51-80 mL/min estimated by Cockcroft-Gault). In patients with moderate renal impairment (CLcr 31-50 mL/min), reduce the dose of LYNPARZA to 200 mg twice daily. There are no data in patients with severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease (CLcr 30 mL/min).

INDICATIONS

LYNPARZA is a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor indicated:

First-Line Maintenance BRCA m Advanced Ovarian Cancer

For the maintenance treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline or somatic BRCA -mutated (g BRCA m or s BRCA m) advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer who are in complete or partial response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for LYNPARZA.

First-Line Maintenance HRD Positive Advanced Ovarian Cancer in Combination with Bevacizumab

In combination with bevacizumab for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer who are in complete or partial response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy and whose cancer is associated with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) positive status defined by either:

Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for LYNPARZA.

Maintenance Recurrent Ovarian Cancer

For the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer, who are in complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy.

Advanced g BRCA m Ovarian Cancer

For the treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline BRCA- mutated (g BRCA m) advanced ovarian cancer who have been treated with 3 or more prior lines of chemotherapy. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for LYNPARZA.

g BRCA m HER2-negative Metastatic Breast Cancer

For the treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious g BRCA m , human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer, who have been treated with chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant or metastatic setting. Patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer should have been treated with a prior endocrine therapy or be considered inappropriate for endocrine therapy. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for LYNPARZA.

First-Line Maintenance g BRCA m Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer

For the maintenance treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious g BRCA m metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma whose disease has not progressed on at least 16 weeks of a first-line platinum-based chemotherapy regimen. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for LYNPARZA.

HRR Gene-mutated Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer

For the treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline or somatic homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene-mutated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who have progressed following prior treatment with enzalutamide or abiraterone. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for LYNPARZA.

Please click here for complete Prescribing Information, including Patient Information (Medication Guide).

About POLO

POLO is a Phase 3 randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multi-center trial of LYNPARZA tablets (300 mg twice daily) as maintenance monotherapy vs. placebo. The trial randomized 154 patients with g BRCA m metastatic pancreatic cancer whose disease had not progressed on first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients were randomized (3:2) to receive LYNPARZA or placebo until disease progression. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival and key secondary endpoints included overall survival, time to second disease progression, overall response rate and health-related quality of life. Phase 3 POLO results were published in The New England Journal of Medicine and presented at the 2019 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting.

About LYNPARZA (olaparib)

LYNPARZA is a first-in-class PARP inhibitor and the first targeted treatment to potentially exploit DNA damage response (DDR) pathway deficiencies, such as BRCA mutations, to preferentially kill cancer cells. Inhibition of PARP with LYNPARZA leads to the trapping of PARP bound to DNA single-strand breaks, stalling of replication forks, their collapse and the generation of DNA double-strand breaks and cancer cell death. LYNPARZA is being tested in a range of tumor types with defects and dependencies in the DDR.

LYNPARZA, which is being jointly developed and commercialized by AstraZeneca and Merck, has a broad and advanced clinical trial development program, and AstraZeneca and Merck are working together to understand how it may affect multiple PARP-dependent tumors as a monotherapy and in combination across multiple cancer types.

About Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer is the 12th most commonly occurring cancer worldwide and the 7th leading cause of cancer death globally. The disease has the lowest survival rate of the most common cancers, and is the only major cancer with a single-digit five-year survival rate (2-9%) in nearly every country. There were approximately 460,000 new cases worldwide in 2018. As there are often no symptoms, or symptoms may be non-specific in the early stages, it is most commonly diagnosed at an incurable stage. Around 80% of pancreatic cancer patients are diagnosed when the disease has metastasized and for these, the average survival is less than a year. Despite advances in treatment, few improvements have been made in diagnosis and treatment over the decades. Current treatment is surgery (for which approximately only 10-20% of patients are eligible), chemotherapy and radiotherapy, highlighting a critical unmet medical need for more effective treatment options. 12

About BRCA Mutations

BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 are human genes that produce proteins responsible for repairing damaged DNA and play an important role in maintaining the genetic stability of cells. When either of these genes is mutated, or altered, such that its protein product either is not made or does not function correctly, DNA damage may not be repaired properly, and cells become unstable. As a result, cells are more likely to develop additional genetic alterations that can lead to cancer.

About the AstraZeneca and Merck Strategic Oncology Collaboration

In July 2017, AstraZeneca and Merck, known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, announced a global strategic oncology collaboration to co-develop and co-commercialize certain oncology products including LYNPARZA, the worlds first PARP inhibitor, for multiple cancer types. Working together, the companies will develop these products in combination with other potential new medicines and as monotherapies. Independently, the companies will develop these oncology products in combination with their respective PD-L1 and PD-1 medicines.

Mercks Focus on Cancer

Our goal is to translate breakthrough science into innovative oncology medicines to help people with cancer worldwide. At Merck, the potential to bring new hope to people with cancer drives our purpose and supporting accessibility to our cancer medicines is our commitment. As part of our focus on cancer, Merck is committed to exploring the potential of immuno-oncology with one of the largest development programs in the industry across more than 30 tumor types. We also continue to strengthen our portfolio through strategic acquisitions and are prioritizing the development of several promising oncology candidates with the potential to improve the treatment of advanced cancers. For more information about our oncology clinical trials, visit http://www.merck.com/clinicaltrials.

About Merck

For more than 125 years, Merck, known as MSD outside of the United States and Canada, has been inventing for life, bringing forward medicines and vaccines for many of the worlds most challenging diseases in pursuit of our mission to save and improve lives. We demonstrate our commitment to patients and population health by increasing access to health care through far-reaching policies, programs and partnerships. Today, Merck continues to be at the forefront of research to prevent and treat diseases that threaten people and animals including cancer, infectious diseases such as HIV and Ebola, and emerging animal diseases as we aspire to be the premier research-intensive biopharmaceutical company in the world. For more information, visit http://www.merck.com and connect with us on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and LinkedIn.

Forward-Looking Statement of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, N.J., USA

This news release of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, N.J., USA (the company) includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based upon the current beliefs and expectations of the companys management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. There can be no guarantees with respect to pipeline products that the products will receive the necessary regulatory approvals or that they will prove to be commercially successful. If underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results may differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements.

Risks and uncertainties include but are not limited to, general industry conditions and competition; general economic factors, including interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations; the impact of the recent global outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19); the impact of pharmaceutical industry regulation and health care legislation in the United States and internationally; global trends toward health care cost containment; technological advances, new products and patents attained by competitors; challenges inherent in new product development, including obtaining regulatory approval; the companys ability to accurately predict future market conditions; manufacturing difficulties or delays; financial instability of international economies and sovereign risk; dependence on the effectiveness of the companys patents and other protections for innovative products; and the exposure to litigation, including patent litigation, and/or regulatory actions.

The company undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Additional factors that could cause results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements can be found in the companys 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K and the companys other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) available at the SECs Internet site ( http://www.sec.gov ).

View source version on businesswire.com:https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200601005203/en/

CONTACT: Media:

Pamela Eisele

(267) 305-3558Steve Wanczyk

(267) 305-5563Investors:

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(908) 740-6132

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LYNPARZA (olaparib) Receives Positive Opinion from EU CHMP for First-Line Maintenance Treatment of Patients with Germline BRCA-Mutated Metastatic...

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COVID-19 Impact and Recovery Analysis on Male Breast Cancer Treatment Market investigated in the latest research - WhaTech Technology and Markets News

One of the buzzwords in the hemp space this year is autoflower. But what is it and why would you want to grow it? This episode answers those questions and a whole lot more with a roundtable panel discussion about autoflowering varieties of industrial hemp with Lancaster County farmer Steve Groff, Atlas Seed Co. Breeder Joe Ullman, and Atlas Seed Co. grower Ryan Power.

And heres what we cover:

The differences between autoflower and photoperiod hemp

Is cloning an option

Expected feminization rates

When does the flowering cycle start

Best time to plant

Recommended spacing

Transplanting vs. direct seeding

Optimal feeding plan

Harvesting

Expected yields

Cannabinoid percentages and more.

For more information, check out Atlas Seed (https://atlasseed.com/) and Hemp Innovators (https://www.hempinnovators.com/)

Autoflower FAQ, provided by Atlas Seed Co.

What is the difference between autoflowering genetics and normal clone or full term varieties?

In short, autoflowering varieties, otherwise known as day neutral genetics or Cannabis ruderalis, begin their flowering phase automatically, regardless of changes in light cycles; normal, full term, clonally propagated Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica varieties flip to their flowering phase when they exposed to 12 hours of darkness.

Can you take cuttings (clones) of autoflowering varieties?

No, autoflowering cannabis does not allow for cuttings to be taken and therefore must be started from seed and be pollinated to further genetic lines.

What can I expect in terms of the feminization rate of Atlas Seed genetics?

The seeds we offer will show between 1 and 1500 to 1 and 2500 male to female ratio in their respective population. That means between 99.93% and 99.96% will female. We also offer lab test certified feminized seed on key lots to verify the quality of our feminization process.

When can I expect my auto plants to begin their flowering cycle?

Roughly speaking (again growing climate and genetically dependant), autoflowering plants finish their vegetative cycle between weeks 3-5, will continue to stack flowering sites between weeks 3-8, and will see their flowering sites bulk up, densify, and finish in weeks 8-12. For those used to full term and yet unaccustomed to autoflowering cannabis, remain calm until the end of the cycle and watch in marvel as plants continue to increase their flowering yield and cannabinoid content up until the day of harvest!

When is the best time to plant autoflowering varieties?

This is highly dependent on your local climatic conditions, but the rule of thumb is that autos prefer long, dry, sunny days. If you are going for one solid, high yielding harvest then planting as soon as summer soil temperatures stabilize is the way to go. If you are planning on 2 harvests, we generally recommend trying to squeeze in a second late one as opposed to an early harvest, as autoflowering genetics are native to Siberia and will finish more reliably in the cold than they will begin in it.

What is the most common plant spacing for autoflowering varieties?

For hemp we are recommending between 8-12k per acre (more or less 1 plant every 4 square feet), and for cannabis we are recommending between 17,500-20k acre (or about 1 every 2 square feet). For example, 1 row on a 30 bed with 12 in-row spacings will come out to roughly 17,424 plants per acre.

Can you transplant autoflowering varieties?

Absolutely, but there is a method that must be applied to ensure yields are not affected. The most common blunder is for farmers to let seedlings go until they are rootbound which is the easiest way to shock ones plants and greatly reduce their overall yield. The best results we have seen is when plants are transplanted between 7-12 days after sowing. The trick here is to use a cell tray that makes it easy to remove small plants without damaging them. Weve seen the best results with Growcoons, but there are certainly other options as well (ellepots, ihort, etc).

Can you direct seed autoflowering varieties?

Yes, but again this must be done with proper parameters in place, i.e., seasonal timing, soil type, equipment, and so on. As of yet we have not seen any yield differences between transplanted plants and direct seeded, but we are in the process of collecting massive amounts of data on this. Also, if one plans to do this and they are a beginner, than you will likely need 2-3x the seed to see the emergence you want.

What is the most optimal feeding plan you recommend for autoflowering plants?

We recommend that seasoned full term cannabis growers continue to follow their intuition and hard won skill sets, with one key difference: Normally when full term plants initiate their flowering stage, one switches immediately from vegetative, nitrogen rich fertilizer, to flowering, phosphorous rich bloom formulas. With autos, it is important to continue using vegetative, nitrogen rich recipes until week 6-7, well after they have begun their flowering phase. This is done in order to maximize the canopy as the plants continue to grow vertically and horizontally even as they are putting on flowering sites and bulking up.

After week 6-7, transition to bloom recipes to maximize flower yield and cannabinoid potential. They will put in the majority of their weight in the final 3-4 weeks. As a general rule of thumb, remember that the entire vegetative and flowering cycles of the plant are happening in a 70-80 day period. Some slow release nutrients growers may customarily use may not be appropriate for autos.

If I plant autoflowering plants right next to my full term plants, will it cause my full terms to initiate early flowering?

No, no, and decidedly no. We have heard anecdotal hearsay on this issue but based on experience and understanding the difference in the flowering mechanisms between these genetic lines (ruderalis vs. indica / sativa), we do not believe this is possible.

How long does it normally take before autoflowering plants can be harvested?

Classic autoflowering plants (as opposed to super autos which take closer to 120 days) can be harvested between 65-90 days depending on the variety and time of year. During peak summer months when the light intensity is higher, autoflowering crops finish faster. During early spring or late fall and especially in a winter greenhouse run, autoflowering plants will take 10-20 days longer to come to full maturity.

What can I expect in terms of biomass yield for each plant?

Between 2-4 ounces, depending on all of the aforementioned factors, i.e., grower skill, genetics, soil health, etc..

What kind of per acre yield can I expect?

This will differ greatly between hemp and cannabis and most markedly depends on your planting densities. For cannabis between 2-5k lbs is common. For hemp between 1-3k lbs. Is common.

How much of my crop can I use as finished, trimmable flower?

This is most probably most dependent on genetics, but anywhere between 25%-100%. Some plants will present uniformly sized buds that are all trimmable throughout the plant, and others will present a variety of different sized buds, some of which will be more appropriately allotted to smalls or else sent off for extraction. Again, your breeder should be able to answer this question based on experience.

What can I expect in terms of total cannabinoid content from autos?

This is potentially the most grower skill dependent variable of all, but most of the best auto cannabis genetics around today are at or exceeding 20% THC, which is miraculous if one considers they are taking half as long to bring to harvest. The auto hemp game is vastly different as state by state standards for hot hemp differ greatly, however the best varieties of compliant auto hemp as a population are hitting around 30:1 CBD to THC ratios while remaining compliant. Experienced breeders will know their varieties well enough to be able to recommend optimal harvest times to remain in compliance.

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What is Autoflowering Hemp and How to Grow It - Lancaster Farming

Each week, HealthDay's Physician's Briefing division rounds up the most important COVID-19 developments in the medical field. See this week's edition below for May 25-May 29.

VA Slashes Use of Hydroxychloroquine to Treat COVID-19 Patients

FRIDAY, May 29, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- The VA health system has stopped nearly all use of hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 patients, Veterans Affairs Secretary Robert Wilkie said at a House hearing on Thursday.

Read Full Article

Deferment of Elective Surgeries Due to COVID-19 Will Have Lasting Impact

FRIDAY, May 29, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- At two years after the end of the elective orthopedic surgery deferment related to the COVID-19 pandemic, there will be a cumulative backlog of more than 1 million surgical cases in an optimistic scenario, according to a study published online May 12 in The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.

Read Full Article

Remdesivir Use Growing Globally in COVID-19 Patients

FRIDAY, May 29, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Worldwide more physicians are using remdesivir to treat COVID-19 patients, according to a survey released May 21 by Sermo, a global health care polling company and social platform for physicians.

Read Full Article

Five-Day Course of Remdesivir Beneficial in Severe COVID-19

FRIDAY, May 29, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- There seems to be no significant difference between a five- and 10-day course of remdesivir for patients with severe COVID-19 not requiring mechanical ventilation, according to a study published online May 27 in the New England Journal of Medicine.

Read Full Article

Burden of Severe COVID-19 High in California, Washington State

FRIDAY, May 29, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- For residents of California and Washington with COVID-19, the length of hospital stay and intensive care unit admission are high, according to a study published online May 22 in The BMJ.

Read Full Article

Positive RT-PCR Findings Seen After COVID-19 Discharge

FRIDAY, May 29, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Some patients with COVID-19 have positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction results after discharge, according to a research letter published online May 28 in JAMA Network Open.

Read Full Article

CDC: Coronavirus Antibody Tests Still Not Accurate Enough

THURSDAY, May 28, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Coronavirus antibody test results may not be accurate enough to help guide decisions about whether to allow large groups of people to gather at work, schools, dormitories, correctional facilities, and other locations, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Wednesday.

Read Full Article

Parents Facing Higher Levels of Stress During Pandemic

THURSDAY, May 28, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Individuals, particularly parents, are coping with extreme stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic, according to the results of a survey released May 21 by the American Psychological Association.

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CV Toxicity Tied to Azithromycin and/or Hydroxychloroquine

THURSDAY, May 28, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin may have a serious adverse impact on the cardiovascular system, according to a research letter published online May 22 in Circulation.

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Improving Glycemic Control May Also Aid COVID-19 Outcomes

THURSDAY, May 28, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Insulin infusion helps achieve glycemic targets and may reduce the risk for poor outcomes in patients with hyperglycemia and COVID-19, according to a study published online May 19 in Diabetes Care.

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Parents Struggling to Provide for Families During Pandemic

WEDNESDAY, May 27, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- The COVID-19 pandemic poses risks to children's health, well-being, and development as parents struggle to provide for their families, according to a survey released by the Urban Institute.

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U.K. Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Are More Often Male

WEDNESDAY, May 27, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 are more often male and frequently have comorbidities, according to a study published online May 22 in the The BMJ.

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Neuroimaging Features of COVID-19 Are Variable

WEDNESDAY, May 27, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Neuroimaging features of COVID-19 are variable among patients with acute neurological symptoms but are dominated by acute ischemic infarcts, according to a research letter published online May 21 in Radiology.

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African-Americans More Likely to Be Hospitalized With COVID-19

WEDNESDAY, May 27, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- African-American patients have an increased likelihood of hospitalization for COVID-19, according to a report published online May 21 in Health Affairs.

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WHO Suspends Testing of Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 Patients

TUESDAY, May 26, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- The World Health Organization has suspended use of the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine in a clinical trial of treatments of COVID-19 after a study revealed that patients taking the drug are at increased risk for death and serious heart problems.

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Remdesivir Beats Placebo for Time to COVID-19 Recovery

TUESDAY, May 26, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- For adults hospitalized with COVID-19 with lower respiratory tract infection, time to recovery is shorter with remdesivir than placebo, according to a study published online May 22 in the New England Journal of Medicine.

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Hydroxychloroquine Plus Macrolides No Benefit in COVID-19

TUESDAY, May 26, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with COVID-19 requiring hospitalization, there is no evidence of benefit for use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide, according to a study published online May 22 in The Lancet.

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Adenovirus Type-5 Vectored COVID-19 Vaccine Shows Promise

TUESDAY, May 26, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- A recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine is safe, tolerable, and immunogenic, according to a study published online May 22 in The Lancet.

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Placental Injury Seen in Pregnant Women With SARS-CoV-2

TUESDAY, May 26, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Higher rates of decidual arteriopathy and other maternal vascular malperfusion features are seen in placentas of women with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, according to a study published online May 22 in the American Journal of Clinical Pathology.

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Right Ventricular Dilation Linked to Mortality in COVID-19

TUESDAY, May 26, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Right ventricular dilation is associated with in-hospital mortality among patients hospitalized with COVID-19, according to a study published online May 15 in JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging.

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HealthDay Reports: Lockdown Got You Down? Experts Offer Tips to De-Stress - HealthDay Coronavirus Liveblog

Surplus protein: Male mice that overproduce proteins in microglia have enlarged microglia and more synapses (right) than controls do (left).

The overproduction of proteins in brain cells called microglia causes social impairments, cognitive deficits and repetitive behavior in male mice, a new study has found.1 These behavioral differences are not present in female mice, or in mice that produce excess protein in other brain cells, including neurons or star-shaped support cells known as astrocytes.

Microglia help eliminate excess synapses connections between brain cells that form early in life; this pruning process is crucial to healthy brain development. But male mice that have been engineered to overproduce proteins in these cells have enlarged microglia. That, in turn, lowers the cells mobility and may prevent them from migrating to synapses that need eliminating.

In support of that idea, the mice have too many synapses, the researchers found a result that mirrors evidence that certain brain regions may be overconnected in people with autism.

Increased protein synthesis in microglia is sufficient to cause autism phenotypes in mice, says lead investigator Baoji Xu, professor of neuroscience at the Scripps Research Institute in Jupiter, Florida. Problems in microglia could be an important pathological mechanism for autism.

The researchers studied mice that produce excess levels of EIF4E, a protein that facilitates the synthesis of other proteins. Mutations in several genes linked to autism including TSC1, TSC2, PTEN and FMR1 are associated with elevated levels of an active form of EIF4E and, as a result, many other proteins in the brain. Mice that overproduce EIF4E also display autism-like behavior, researchers have previously found.

These findings have led researchers to theorize that increased protein production in the brain may underlie autism and several related disorders. But the precise link has remained unclear at least until the new work.

By looking at different cells within the mouse brain, they were able to demonstrate the mechanism, says Zosia Miedzybrodzka, professor of medical genetics at the University of Aberdeen in Scotland, who was not involved in the research. Understanding if these same mechanisms are at work in humans is key.

Xus team engineered mice that overproduce EIF4E in specific brain cells: microglia, astrocytes and neurons. Then they put the mice through a battery of behavioral tests. They found that male mice that make extra ElF4E in their microglia are less social, have problems with learning and memory, and overgroom traits considered analogous to those seen in autistic people.

Although female mice also produced excess protein in their microglia, they did not display the same behavioral changes. Nor did mice that overproduced EIF4E in astrocytes or in neurons, although the latter displayed signs of anxiety. The study was published in April in Nature Communications.

Male mice with excess microglial EIF4E have more and larger microglia than control mice do, but their cells are less mobile, and the animals have more synapses.

Although the microglia are bigger, they arent able to migrate, Xu says.

Together, the findings suggest that in male mice, protein overproduction impairs the ability of microglia to travel to synapses that need pruning, altering the animals brain circuitry and behavior in ways that resemble autism in people.

The research provides convincing evidence that the overproduction of proteins in microglia can cause autism-like features, says Eric Klann, director of the Center for Neural Science at New York University, who was not involved in the research.

But Klann says he is not ready to rule out the possibility that elevated protein levels in neurons may play a role, too; ramping up protein production in all of the brains neurons may have masked an effect in certain sub-populations of the cells.

It would be interesting if they had done this manipulation looking at specific subtypes of neurons, Klann says.

It is also not yet clear why none of the microglial abnormalities appeared in female mice, Xu says, but the finding is especially intriguing given that autism is more common in boys than girls.

You have a mechanism that points to why there might be a sex bias in autistic spectrum disorder, which has thus far been elusive, Miedzybrodzka says. Drugs that target microglia might be developed to treat autism and related conditions, she says.

Xu and his colleagues are trying to figure out why female mice seem to be protected from the consequences of protein overproduction in microglia, and to identify specific proteins that might cause the abnormalities in the cells.

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Extra proteins alter microglia and behavior in mice - Spectrum