Archive for the ‘Skin Stem Cells’ Category

I walk through a garden and see a rainbow of bloomsall shapes, sizes, colors and scents. But put a cosmetic chemist in that same garden, and chances are they will see a million different skin-care formulations just waiting to be tinkered with in a lab. Nature is the best chemist in the world, says Boldijarre Koronczay, president of minence Organic Skin Care. Due to their healing powers and potent actives, flowers can benefit just about every skin issue, from acne to aging.

Floral ScienceEvidence of flowers used for skin treatments dates back to 1500 BC when ancient Egyptians created ointments combined with essential oils, aromatic waters, resins and incense for the mummification process. We dont know for certain, but it is possible that the skin (of the embalmer) improved in areas that came in contact with these substances, leading to the use of them on living subjects, says Paula Provenzano, national education manager for Jurlique. New York dermatologist Heidi Waldorf, MD adds that archaeological remains of bottles have revealed that Egyptians knew how to extract essential oils from flowers, including geranium and rose, with a technique called enfleurage that involves soaking parts of the flower in oil.

Edouard Mauvais-Jarvis, director of scientific and environmental communications for Dior, says the skin-care benefits of flowers stem from their desperate need to protect themselves. Flowers have a huge advantage over us: They have more than 1.2 billion years of evolution; they are the most evolved part of the vegetal world, he explains. But, they have a big disadvantage, too: They are not able to move, so they cannot escape environmental aggressions that surround them, such as UV rays, oxidative stress, climate variations, draught and frost. As a result, they have developed an extremely rich biodiversity of molecules made to defend their structures. To extract these molecules from flowers and create precious essential oils, chemists typically use steam distillation: Hot steam causes dried flowers to open up and release their oils, nutrients and liquids.

On skin-care ingredient labels, floral extracts are listed by their INCI name (International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients), which aligns with the Latin or scientific name. More than 28,000 INCI names, published by the Personal Care Products Council, have been developed by the INCI Committee with participation by the FDA.

Beauty BloomsOne flower is not more beneficial than another for the skin, says Fresh cofounder Alina Roytberg. Different flowers provide different benefits that address skins varying needs. From petal to stem, these six flowers bear complexion- perfecting essential oils.

HibiscusINCI Name: Hibiscus sabdariffaAccording to Michelle Shieh, scientific communications manager at Amorepacific, a hibiscus tree boasts vitality that is powerful enough to blossom up to 5,000 flowers over 100 days. The team at Mamonde researched this vitality and discovered active moisturizing substances in the outer layer of hibiscus roots, she explains. These substances have the ability to form a strong protective moisture barrier on the skin and deliver intense moisturizing effects. Our scientists conduct research alongside a hibiscus specialist, and through extensive experimentation, a new variety of the floral essencehibiscus syriacus bark extractwas created. Hibiscus flowers also contain a variety of exfoliating acids, including pyruvic acid, which Koronczay says has incredible effects for lightening hyperpigmentation and stimulating collagen. Its also known to increase elasticity.

RoseINCI Names: Rosa damascena, rose absolute, rosa canina, rosa centifoliaChristian Dior once said, After women, flowers are the most divine creations, says Mauvais-Jarvis, noting that the House of Dior was the first company to create a rose dedicated specifically to cosmetic purposes. Rose petals contain a valuable, emollient oil, that when extracted and formulated in skin care, can be used to hydrate, soothe and tone skin, explains Provenzano. It also strengthens the skins barrier, helping to prevent moisture loss.

Another skin benefit of this beloved flower is the stimulation of microcirculation, which oxygenates the skin, creating an overall glow. This increase in circulation promotes detoxification and healing within the cells, Koronczay explains. For those who suffer from redness, roses anti-inflammatory ability can help reduce it and calm the skin for a more even-toned complexionits also great for rebalancing dry and sensitive skin, says Provenzano.

Unlike rose oil, rose hip oil comes from the seeds of the rose hip fruit, which predominantly grows on wild rose bushes in Chile, but also in other parts of the world. Tata Harper, founder of her eponymous skin-care brand, says rose hips contain a specific galactolipid that has amazing anti-inflammatory power, and potent antioxidants tocopherol and carotenoids give it anti-aging potential. Cosmetic chemist and cofounder of Chemist Confessions, Victoria Fu, finds rose hip seed oil to be the more efficacious ingredient in the rose category. It has a great fatty acid profile and good overall tolerance across all skin types, and it adds a glow to dull skin. As a bonus, it contains a little vitamin A too!

LavenderINCI Name: Lavandula angustifoliaAlthough lavender is most often linked to aromatherapy and sleep-inducers, it boasts other benefits that may surprise you. Lavender has been used for more than 2,500 years and continues to be one of the most widely used flowers in skin care, says Harper. I call it the do-it-all flower because its effective at killing acne-causing bacteriait can even help prevent future breakoutsand also increases skin healing, regulates oil production and reduces inflammation. It can do all of these things while also promoting relaxation.

However, cosmetic chemist and cofounder of Chemist Confessions Gloria Lu points out that despite lavenders many positive properties, it is one of the well-known essential oils that can actually be sensitizing in skin care, and is often used to add fragrance to a product. We may often think of plants and flowers as natural, and therefore safer and gentler, but in actuality, these oils are complex and can contain allergens, she explains. Before you apply a new product, I suggest patch-testing on a small area of your face to make sure your skin is happy with it.

ChamomileINCI Names: Matricaria chamomilla (German chamomile), Anthemis nobilis (Roman chamomile), Eriocephalus punctulatus (Cape chamomile)Dr. Waldorf says chamomile is the most commonly and reliably used floral extract in skin care. One of several species in the daisy family, its actually an herb that comes from daisy-like flowers. Chamomiles antiseptic and inflammation-fighting qualities can impart a calming effect on the skin, she explains. They also promote healing of the skin, reduce redness and minimize blemishes. Fu likes German chamomile in particular because it contains a compound called bisabolol, which has been shown clinically to have great data as an anti-inflammatory, and can even help brighten skin tone.

CalendulaINCI Name: Calendula officinalisSimilar to chamomile in that its part of the daisy familyit comes from bright orange and yellow marigoldsand known for its soothing properties, calendula oil is used to promote skin healing. Its anti-inflammatory ability allows it to reduce swelling and irritation, including that associated with rosacea and eczema, Koronczay says. Calendula can also help tone and moisturize, and works even more effectively when paired with linden, which also supports hydration in the skin. Cosmetic chemist NiKita Wilson praises the flowers antioxidant levels, which come from its carotenoid and flavonoid compounds. These help neutralize free radicals and minimize oxidative damage, she says.

LotusINCI Name: Nymphaea caeruleaAs Fresh cofounder Lev Glazman describes, in Southeast Asia there is such a respect for the lotus plant that the natives use every part of itpetals, roots, seeds and stemfor food and fabric, and also as a remedy for the skin. When I learned of this, I became consumed with tapping into the flowers resilient beauty and strength, and leveraged it for our products to address early signs of aging, he says. In clinical testing, we discovered that lotus contains high levels of polyphenols, which are powerful antioxidants known to defend against wrinkle-causing free radicals.

Lotus leaves, specifically, are known as a symbol of purification in Asia due to their unique ability to keep themselves clean at all times. When the surface of a lotus leaf is magnified under a microscope, a large number of ultra-fine bumps over other fine bumps are observed, says Shieh. This structure blocks water drops from spreading out, and also pushes out pollutants, which allows the leaf to protect itself from a contaminated environment, like dirt and mud. When applied in skin care, this special detoxifying mechanism can be especially helpful, particularly in cleansers.

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Flower Power: The Benefits of 6 Key Floral Extracts in Skin Care - NewBeauty Magazine

Global Stem Cell Reconstructive Market was valued US$ XX Mn in 2019 and is expected to reach US$ XX Mn by 2027, at a CAGR of 24.5% during a forecast period.

Market Dynamics

The Research Report gives an in-depth account of the drivers and restraints in the stem cell reconstructive market. Stem cell reconstructive surgery includes the treatment of injured or dented part of body. Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells, which divide to produce more stem cells. Growing reconstructive surgeries led by the rising number of limbs elimination and implants and accidents are boosting the growth in the stem cell reconstructive market. Additionally, rising number of aged population, number of patients suffering from chronic diseases, and unceasing development in the technology, these are factors which promoting the growth of the stem cell reconstructive market. Stem cell reconstructive is a procedure containing the use of a patients own adipose tissue to rise the fat volume in the area of reconstruction and therefore helping 3Dimentional reconstruction in patients who have experienced a trauma or in a post-surgical event such as a mastectomy or lumpectomy, brain surgery, or reconstructive surgery as a result of an accident or injury. Stem cell reconstructive surgeries are also used in plastic or cosmetic surgeries as well. Stem cell and regenerative therapies gives many opportunities for development in the practice of medicine and the possibility of an array of novel treatment options for patients experiencing a variety of symptoms and conditions. Stem cell therapy, also recognised as regenerative medicine, promotes the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives.

The common guarantee of all the undifferentiated embryonic stem cells (ESCs), foetal, amniotic, UCB, and adult stem cell types is their indefinite self-renewal capacity and high multilineage differentiation potential that confer them a primitive and dynamic role throughout the developmental process and the lifespan in adult mammal.However, the high expenditure of stem cell reconstructive surgeries and strict regulatory approvals are restraining the market growth.

The report study has analyzed revenue impact of covid-19 pandemic on the sales revenue of market leaders, market followers and disrupters in the report and same is reflected in our analysis.

Global Stem Cell Reconstructive Market Segment analysis

Based on Cell Type, the embryonic stem cells segment is expected to grow at a CAGR of XX% during the forecast period. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), derived from the blastocyst stage of early mammalian embryos, are distinguished by their capability to distinguish into any embryonic cell type and by their ability to self-renew. Owing to their plasticity and potentially limitless capacity for self-renewal, embryonic stem cell therapies have been suggested for regenerative medicine and tissue replacement after injury or disease. Additionally, their potential in regenerative medicine, embryonic stem cells provide a possible another source of tissue/organs which serves as a possible solution to the donor shortage dilemma. Researchers have differentiated ESCs into dopamine-producing cells with the hope that these neurons could be used in the treatment of Parkinsons disease. Upsurge occurrence of cardiac and malignant diseases is promoting the segment growth. Rapid developments in this vertical contain protocols for directed differentiation, defined culture systems, demonstration of applications in drug screening, establishment of several disease models, and evaluation of therapeutic potential in treating incurable diseases.

Global Stem Cell Reconstructive Market Regional analysis

The North American region has dominated the market with US$ XX Mn. America accounts for the largest and fastest-growing market of stem cell reconstructive because of the huge patient population and well-built healthcare sector. Americas stem cell reconstructive market is segmented into two major regions such as North America and South America. More than 80% of the market is shared by North America due to the presence of the US and Canada.

Europe accounts for the second-largest market which is followed by the Asia Pacific. Germany and UK account for the major share in the European market due to government support for research and development, well-developed technology and high healthcare expenditure have fuelled the growth of the market. This growing occurrence of cancer and diabetes in America is the main boosting factor for the growth of this market.

The objective of the report is to present a comprehensive analysis of the Global Stem Cell Reconstructive Market including all the stakeholders of the industry. The past and current status of the industry with forecasted market size and trends are presented in the report with the analysis of complicated data in simple language. The report covers all the aspects of the industry with a dedicated study of key players that includes market leaders, followers and new entrants. PORTER, SVOR, PESTEL analysis with the potential impact of micro-economic factors of the market has been presented in the report. External as well as internal factors that are supposed to affect the business positively or negatively have been analysed, which will give a clear futuristic view of the industry to the decision-makers.

The report also helps in understanding Global Stem Cell Reconstructive Market dynamics, structure by analysing the market segments and projects the Global Stem Cell Reconstructive Market size. Clear representation of competitive analysis of key players by Application, price, financial position, Product portfolio, growth strategies, and regional presence in the Global Stem Cell Reconstructive Market make the report investors guide.Scope of the Global Stem Cell Reconstructive Market

Global Stem Cell Reconstructive Market, By Sources

Allogeneic Autologouso Bone Marrowo Adipose Tissueo Blood Syngeneic OtherGlobal Stem Cell Reconstructive Market, By Cell Type

Embryonic Stem Cell Adult Stem CellGlobal Stem Cell Reconstructive Market, By Application

Cancer Diabetes Traumatic Skin Defect Severe Burn OtherGlobal Stem Cell Reconstructive Market, By End-User

Hospitals Research Institute OthersGlobal Stem Cell Reconstructive Market, By Regions

North America Europe Asia-Pacific South America Middle East and Africa (MEA)Key Players operating the Global Stem Cell Reconstructive Market

Osiris Therapeutics NuVasives Cytori Therapeutics Takeda (TiGenix) Cynata Celyad Medi-post Anterogen Molmed Baxter Eleveflow Mesoblast Ltd. Micronit Microfluidics TAKARA BIO INC. Tigenix Capricor Therapeutics Astellas Pharma US, Inc. Pfizer Inc. STEMCELL Technologies Inc.

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Skin goes to chicken when the cold surprises. Thats when human skin looks, at least in the arms, for a while, bare chicken skin. Chicken meat can also be caused by intense emotional turmoil or threat.

If youve ever wondered why your skin rises to chicken and when, youre in good company. The same thing was pondered by the doctrine of evolution Charles Darwin already in the 19th century.

According to the current interpretation, the change in the fine coat of the skin is a remnant of a time when a person had a comprehensive and thicker coat. As the hairs rose upright, they gathered air beneath them. The air helped as thermal insulation.

Now it has been found that a similar phenomenon also regulates hair growth. The same muscle that makes the skin hair upright on the scalp is necessary for a nerve connection to the stem cells of the hair-producing hair follicles at the root of the hair.

On the skin, the sympathetic nervous system reacts to the cold. It makes the small muscles of the skin move back and forth. On the scalp, the same muscle contraction and expansion produces more hair.

In this way, the cells that produce chicken meat also regulate hair growth and regeneration, say Harvard. university researchers in their research bulletin.

This was found in experiments on mice. The results were told scientific journal Cell.

On the skin, the muscle of the hair follicle (pink) contracts and lifts the chicken to the skin. But in the hair, the sympathetic nervous system (in green) releases neurotransmitters that target the hair follicle stem cells (in blue). They are activated and increase hair growth. Picture: Shwartz, Gonzalez-Celeiro, Chen, et al. / Cell

Skin is a fascinating body. It affects several stem cells surrounded by different cell types. At the same time, it is located at the interface between our body and the outside world, he says Ya-Chieh Hsu.

Indeed, stem cells can respond to many stimuli that come to the skin from the external environment or come from the skin itself, says Hsu.

He is an assistant professor of stem cell research and regenerative biology at Harvard University. Hsu studied hair cells by a professor at Taiwan National University Sung-Jan Linin with.

bodies there are often three types of tissues: superficial tissue, primitive tissue, and nerve tissue. On the skin, these three are specially arranged.

On the skin, the sympathetic nervous system controls the bodys homeostasis, ie the state of internal balance. It responds to external stimuli and connects to small smooth muscles in the elemental scaffold. The same smooth muscle also connects the hair follicles to the stem cells.

sympathetic the connection between nerve and muscle has been known for a long time. Cold triggers nerve cells in the sympathetic nervous system and send a signal. The muscles respond to it by contracting. It lifts the skin hair upright.

Hair follicle in the image of a microscope. Parts of the sympathetic nervous system are stained green and muscle cells reddish. Picture: Hsu Laboratory / Harvard University

Using an electron microscope, the researchers found that the sympathetic nerve was not just associated with the muscle. It also formed a direct connection to the stem cells of the hair follicles.

Nerve tissue wrapped around the stem cells of the hair follicles like a ribbon. It allows the nerve and the stem cell to interact with each other.

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Medicine The rise of the pores and skin on rooster meat has been thought of for the reason that 19th century: It has now change into clear {that a}...

Global Skin Care Cosmetic Market Research Report presents the overview and in depth study of worldwide Skin Care Cosmetic Market for achieving throughout understanding and business intelligence of the market with the Financial & Industrial Analysis of key players, companies, region, types, applications and its future scope in the industry till 2027.

The Skin Care Cosmetic market revenue was valued at xx.xx Million USD in 2020 and it is expected to reach xx.xx Million USD in 2027, with a CAGR of x.x% during 2020-2027. Based on the Skin Care Cosmetic industrial chain, this report mainly elaborates the definition, types, applications and major players of Skin Care Cosmetic market in details.

Get Sample Brochure(PDF) of Skin Care Cosmetic market at: https://decisionmarketreports.com/request-sample/1362043

Deep analysis about market status (2014-2020), enterprise competition pattern, advantages and disadvantages of enterprise products, industry development trends (2020-2024), regional industrial layout characteristics and macroeconomic policies, industrial policy has also be included.

From raw materials to downstream buyers of this industry will be analyzed scientifically, the feature of product circulation and sales channel will be presented as well. In a word, this report will help you to establish a panorama of industrial development and characteristics of the Skin Care Cosmetic market.

The Skin Care Cosmetic market can be split based on product types, major applications, and important regions.

Major Players in Skin Care Cosmetic market are: Procter & Gamble Avon Products Inc LOreal S.A. Unilever PLC Beiersdorf AG The Body Shop International PLC Kao Corporation The Estee Lauder Companies Inc Johnson & Johnson

Most important types of Skin Care Cosmetic products covered in this report are: Sensitive Skin Care Dry Skin Care Infants Skin Care Others

Most widely used downstream fields of Skin Care Cosmetic market covered in this report are: Stem Cells Protection Against UV Flakiness Reduction Rehydrate the Skin Surface Minimize wrinkles Increase the viscosity of Aqueous

Major Regions that plays a vital role in Skin Care Cosmetic market are:North AmericaEuropeChinaJapanMiddle East & AfricaIndiaSouth AmericaOthers

Request to Purchase the Full Skin Care Cosmetic market report at: https://decisionmarketreports.com/market-reports/1362043/2015-2027-global-skin-care-cosmetic-market/single-user/checkout

There are 13 Chapters to thoroughly display the Skin Care Cosmetic market. This report included the analysis of market overview, market characteristics, industry chain, competition landscape, historical and future data by types, applications and regions.

Chapter 1: Skin Care Cosmetic Market Overview, Product Overview, Market Segmentation, Market Overview of Regions, Market Dynamics, Limitations, Opportunities and Industry News and Policies.

Chapter 2: Skin Care Cosmetic Industry Chain Analysis, Upstream Raw Material Suppliers, Major Players, Production Process Analysis, Cost Analysis, Market

Channels and Major Downstream Buyers.

Chapter 3: Value Analysis, Production, Growth Rate and Price Analysis by Type of Skin Care Cosmetic.

Chapter 4: Downstream Characteristics, Consumption and Market Share by Application of Skin Care Cosmetic.

Chapter 5: Production Volume, Price, Gross Margin, and Revenue ($) of Skin Care Cosmetic by Regions (2014-2020).

Chapter 6: Skin Care Cosmetic Production, Consumption, Export and Import by Regions (2014-2020).

Chapter 7: Skin Care Cosmetic Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions.

Chapter 8: Competitive Landscape, Product Introduction, Company Profiles, Market Distribution Status by Players of Skin Care Cosmetic.

Chapter 9: Skin Care Cosmetic Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application (2020-2024).

Chapter 10: Market Analysis and Forecast by Regions (2020-2024).

Chapter 11: Industry Characteristics, Key Factors, New Entrants SWOT Analysis, Investment Feasibility Analysis.

Chapter 12: Market Conclusion of the Whole Report.

Chapter 13: Appendix Such as Methodology and Data Resources of This Research.

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Skin Care Cosmetic Market 2026 | Procter & Gamble Avon Products Inc L'Oreal SA Unilever PLC Beiersdorf AG The Body Shop International PLC ...

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Were in the dog days of summer and if youre anything like us, wed greatly welcome the ability to work from a pool. But while that sadly isnt the reality for most of us (call us if youve got one!), weve got pretty good at finding products that will alleviate seasonal discomforts.

This summer, e scape the heat for less with a few handheld products that will cool you down as much as theyll keep your skin in check.

Take a minute to chill out with these all-natural cooling beauty products, all for under $50.

Province Apothecary Dual Action Jade Facial Roller

Pop one of these babies in the freezer and youll be in for an ice cold treat. Toronto-based Province Apothecarys dual-sided Xiuyan Jade roller offers two different functions that tone and firm the appearance of skin. The studded end activates the deep dermis-layer to boost elasticity and the smooth end cools and calms. Both help to ease muscle tension, reduce the appearance of puffy under-eyes, and encourage lymphatic drainage as well.

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PRATIMA Skincare Cucumber Aqua Gel

This gel-based moisturizer by PRATIMA Skincare taps into the ancient properties of Ayurvedic medicine with a prescription of organic aloe, lemon, sweet orange, cucumber juice, rose water, and vitamin E; a refreshing and soothing remedy for irritated skin.

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StackedSkincareIce Roller

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Similar to Province Apothecarys jade roller, you can leave StackedSkincares Ice Roller in the freezer and roll it over your face to calm breakouts and itchiness, or under your eyes to reduce puffiness. Developed by an expert aesthetician, the Ice Rollers gel and water core stays cold to provide everlasting relief.

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ILIA Cucumber Water Stick

This invisible and unscented solid toner from all-natural makeup brand ILIA revitalizes and preps skin for makeup application. Cucumber pulp extract delivers instant, cooling hydration while aloe boosts radiance. Plus, chicory root provides an injection of anti-inflammatories that support collagen production and improve skins texture.

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COOLA Full Spectrum 360 Refreshing Water Mist Organic Face Sunscreen SPF 18

Organic aloe and coconut water protect against modern skin aggressors like blue light and pollution in this alcohol-free formula by COOLA. A blend of antioxidants and Indian Jasmine plant stem cells, the weightless Water Mist guarantees a day-long supply of hydration, refreshment, and preventative care.

SHOP IT: Ulta, $36

This seaweed cleansing gel with a plant-based probiotic and vegan lactic acid gently resurfaces, clears, and brings radiance to the skin while maintaining its natural moisture barrier. Woodsy cypress, juniper, and ultra-refreshing lime help wake you up in the mornings too.

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Origins NO PUFFERY Cooling Roll-On For Puffy Eyes

Powerfully reparative hoelen mushroom extract, cucumber, and caffeine instantly hydrate parched skin around the eyes while a cooling metal applicator helps reduces puffiness in this ophthalmologist tested gel from Origins.

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Fitglow Sea Toning Mist

If plump, hydrated skin is the goal, then Fitglows Sea Toning Mist is the answer. Spritz it on post-cleanse, to set makeup, or to refresh skin throughout the day with a pH-balancing blend of organic aloe vera, botanical hyaluronic acid, seaweed, wildcrafted rose, and willowbark.

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Dermalogica Calm Water Gel

As a base under Dermalogicas new Invisible Physical Defense SPF 30, the brands Calm Water Gel is a weightless barrier that protects against environmental stressors and transforms into a skin-quenching fluid upon application. Hyaluronic acid, apple fruit and cactus pear extract are key to soothing sensitivity and supporting a healthy moisture balance in this formula.

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10 refreshing, cooling beauty products that are all natural - Yahoo Sport UK

We all know what goosebumps are, but why have we evolved to hang on to this seemingly pointless physical reaction to the cold? New research suggests an answer: regulating stem cells that control hair follicles and hair growth.

In a detailed analysis of mice, scientists found that the specific muscles that contract when goosebumps appear are connected to the sympathetic nervous system. When low temperatures are sensed, these muscles bridge the gap between sympathetic nerves and hair follicles.

In the short term, it causes hair to stand up and goosebumps to appear; in the long term, it appears to promote hair growth. The researchers say this is an important link between stem cells which the body can use to create other kinds of cells and external stimuli.

(Hsu Laboratory/Harvard University)

Above: Hair follicle, sympathetic nerve (green), and muscle (magenta) under the microscope.

"The skin is a fascinating system," says biologist Ya-Chieh Hsufrom Harvard University. "It has multiple stem cells surrounded by diverse cell types, and is located at the interface between our body and the outside world. Therefore, its stem cells could potentially respond to a diverse array of stimuli from the niche, the whole body, or even the outside environment.

"In this study, we identify an interesting dual-component niche that not only regulates the stem cells under steady state, but also modulates stem cell behaviours according to temperature changes outside."

The team of researchers used high-resolution electron microscopy to identify this hair-growth regulation system, which involves the three types of tissue found in many organs: nerves (the sympathetic nerve), mesenchyme (holding the small muscles), and epithelium (the hair follicle stem cells).

While the connection between nerve and muscle was already known in this specific system, the link to the hair-regulating stem cells is a new discovery, and an unusual one neurons tend to prefer connections to other neurons or synapse-like connections to muscles. Here, those synapse-like connections are made to stem cells instead, wrapping around them like ribbons.

(Shwartz et al., Cell, 2020)

Above: How the muscle (pink), the sympathetic nerve (green), and the hair follicle stem cells (blue) react to cold.

The research also showed how prolonged cold puts the sympathetic nerves in a state of high alert, above the normal low-level activation that they spend most of their time at. More neurotransmitters are released, triggering quicker activation of the stem cells and, ultimately, quicker hair growth.

On top of that, the team established that the muscle was indeed an essential link between nerves and follicle stem cells when the muscle was removed, the connection was lost. The growth of the muscles is actually triggered by the hair follicles themselves, according to the activity observed in mice, anyway.

"We discovered that the signal comes from the developing hair follicle itself," says biologist Yulia Shwartz. "It secretes a protein that regulates the formation of the smooth muscle, which then attracts the sympathetic nerve.

"Then, in the adult, the interaction turns around, with the nerve and muscle together regulating the hair follicle stem cells to regenerate the new hair follicle. It's closing the whole circle the developing hair follicle is establishing its own niche."

While these same interactions haven't been observed in humans yet, biological similarities between mice and other mammals in this area make it likely that the same processes are going on underneath our own skin and that's why we can still get goosebumps.

This same tightening of muscles around hair follicles causes the little bumps on your skin to appear, and scientists think that back in the days when we were a lot hairier as a species, it would have provided some immediate defence against the cold. Now, an additional long-term strategy has also been revealed.

The researchers intend to do further work on the interaction between external environments and the stem cells in the skin, including looking at any other possible reactions that might be going on that we don't know about.

"We live in a constantly changing environment," says Hsu. "Since the skin is always in contact with the outside world, it gives us a chance to study what mechanisms stem cells in our body use to integrate tissue production with changing demands, which is essential for organisms to thrive in this dynamic world."

The research has been published in Cell.

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Science May Have Finally Explained The Reason Why We Still Get Goosebumps - ScienceAlert

Harvard scientists find that the same cell types that cause goosebumps are responsible for controlling hair growth.

If youve ever wondered why we get goosebumps, youre in good company so did Charles Darwin, who mused about them in his writings on evolution. Goosebumps might protect animals with thick fur from the cold, but we humans dont seem to benefit from the reaction much so why has it been preserved during evolution all this time?

In a new study, Harvard University scientists have discovered the reason: the cell types that cause goosebumps are also important for regulating the stem cells that regenerate the hair follicle and hair. Underneath the skin, the muscle that contracts to create goosebumps is necessary to bridge the sympathetic nerves connection to hair follicle stem cells. The sympathetic nerve reacts to cold by contracting the muscle and causing goosebumps in the short term, and by driving hair follicle stem cell activation and new hair growth over the long term.

Published in the journal Cell, these findings in mice give researchers a better understanding of how different cell types interact to link stem cell activity with changes in the outside environment.

We have always been interested in understanding how stem cell behaviors are regulated by external stimuli. The skin is a fascinating system: it has multiple stem cells surrounded by diverse cell types, and is located at the interface between our body and the outside world. Therefore, its stem cells could potentially respond to a diverse array of stimuli from the niche, the whole body, or even the outside environment, said Ya-Chieh Hsu, the Alvin and Esta Star Associate Professor of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, who led the study in collaboration with Professor Sung-Jan Lin of National Taiwan University. In this study, we identify an interesting dual-component niche that not only regulates the stem cells under steady state, but also modulates stem cell behaviors according to temperature changes outside.

Many organs are made of three types of tissue: epithelium, mesenchyme, and nerve. In the skin, these three lineages are organized in a special arrangement. The sympathetic nerve, part of our nervous system that controls body homeostasis and our responses to external stimuli, connects with a tiny smooth muscle in the mesenchyme. This smooth muscle in turn connects to hair follicle stem cells, a type of epithelial stem cell critical for regenerating the hair follicle as well as repairing wounds.

The connection between the sympathetic nerve and the muscle has been well known, since they are the cellular basis behind goosebumps: the cold triggers sympathetic neurons to send a nerve signal, and the muscle reacts by contracting and causing the hair to stand on end. However, when examining the skin under extremely high resolution using electron microscopy, the researchers found that the sympathetic nerve not only associated with the muscle, but also formed a direct connection to the hair follicle stem cells. In fact, the nerve fibers wrapped around the hair follicle stem cells like a ribbon.

We could really see at an ultrastructure level how the nerve and the stem cell interact. Neurons tend to regulate excitable cells, like other neurons or muscle with synapses. But we were surprised to find that they form similar synapse-like structures with an epithelial stem cell, which is not a very typical target for neurons, Hsu said.

Next, the researchers confirmed that the nerve indeed targeted the stem cells. The sympathetic nervous system is normally activated at a constant low level to maintain body homeostasis, and the researchers found that this low level of nerve activity maintained the stem cells in a poised state ready for regeneration. Under prolonged cold, the nerve was activated at a much higher level and more neurotransmitters were released, causing the stem cells to activate quickly, regenerate the hair follicle, and grow new hair.

The researchers also investigated what maintained the nerve connections to the hair follicle stem cells. When they removed the muscle connected to the hair follicle, the sympathetic nerve retracted and the nerve connection to the hair follicle stem cells was lost, showing that the muscle was a necessary structural support to bridge the sympathetic nerve to the hair follicle.

In addition to studying the hair follicle in its fully formed state, the researchers investigated how the system initially develops how the muscle and nerve reach the hair follicle in the first place.

We discovered that the signal comes from the developing hair follicle itself. It secretes a protein that regulates the formation of the smooth muscle, which then attracts the sympathetic nerve. Then in the adult, the interaction turns around, with the nerve and muscle together regulating the hair follicle stem cells to regenerate the new hair follicle. Its closing the whole circle the developing hair follicle is establishing its own niche, said Yulia Shwartz, a postdoctoral fellow in the Hsu lab. She was a co-first author of the study, along with Meryem Gonzalez-Celeiro, a graduate student in the Hsu Lab, and Chih-Lung Chen, a postdoctoral fellow in the Lin lab.

With these experiments, the researchers identified a two-component system that regulates hair follicle stem cells. The nerve is the signaling component that activates the stem cells through neurotransmitters, while the muscle is the structural component that allows the nerve fibers to directly connect with hair follicle stem cells.

You can regulate hair follicle stem cells in so many different ways, and they are wonderful models to study tissue regeneration, Shwartz said. This particular reaction is helpful for coupling tissue regeneration with changes in the outside world, such as temperature. Its a two-layer response: goosebumps are a quick way to provide some sort of relief in the short term. But when the cold lasts, this becomes a nice mechanism for the stem cells to know its maybe time to regenerate new hair coat.

In the future, the researchers will further explore how the external environment might influence the stem cells in the skin, both under homeostasis and in repair situations such as wound healing.

We live in a constantly changing environment. Since the skin is always in contact with the outside world, it gives us a chance to study what mechanisms stem cells in our body use to integrate tissue production with changing demands, which is essential for organisms to thrive in this dynamic world, Hsu said.

Reference: Cell Types Promoting Goosebumps Form a Niche to Regulate Hair Follicle Stem Cells by Yulia Shwartz, Meryem Gonzalez-Celeiro, Chih-Lung Chen, H. Amalia Pasolli, Shu-Hsien Sheu, Sabrina Mai-Yi Fan, Farnaz Shamsi, Steven Assaad, Edrick Tai-Yu Lin, Bing Zhang, Pai-Chi Tsai, Megan He, Yu-Hua Tseng, Sung-Jan Lin and Ya-Chieh Hsu, 16 July 2020, Cell.DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.031

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Charles Darwin Investigated Goosebumps Now Harvard Scientists Discover the Real Reason Behind Them - SciTechDaily

Stop it, youre giving me goosebumps.

Sometimes a compliment, sometimes a warning signal. Always a mystery.

Well, until now.

Science has had its day, and finally uncovered just why it is we get goosebumps.

Sure, we knowwhen they appear when were cold, were in a heightened emotional state and for some people, when theyre on the toilet.

Its known that goosebumps are a throwback to our hairier days, when cold temperatures would signal our body to bristle our human-coats to keep us warm.

In scientific terms, the sympathetic nerve in our skin contracts in the cold, pulling a wee muscle thats connected to the bottom of a hair follicle.

This makes the hair stand up on end, while simultaneously bringing the skin around its base inwards, creating a little bump.

A team of researchers from Harvard wanted to find out more about piloerection and why its stuck around.

The skin is a fascinating system: It has multiple stem cells surrounded by diverse cell types, and is located at the interface between our body and the outside world, said Ya-Chieh Hsu, the Alvin and Esta Star Associate Professor of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, who led the study in collaboration with Professor Sung-Jan Lin of National Taiwan University.

Therefore, its stem cells could potentially respond to a diverse array of stimuli from the niche, the whole body, or even the outside environment.

So they set about uncovering the tale of the goosebump.

They used electron microscopy to examine the skin, focusing on the sympathetic nerve.

They found that nervealso connect to the stem cells of the hair follicle so when it does its cold contract-dance, the stem cells are pushing into gear to grow a new hair.

What does that mean? It means goosebumps act to not only spring into action the hair that we do have (or had) to keep us warm, but tell our body to grow more hair, to keep us even warmer.

This particular reaction is helpful for coupling tissue regeneration with changes in the outside world, such as temperature, study first co-author Yulia Shwartz explained.

Its a two-layer response: Goosebumps are a quick way to provide some sort of relief in the short term. But when the cold lasts, this becomes a nice mechanism for the stem cells to know its maybe time to regenerate new hair coat.

Oh and why are they called goosebumps?

Because they look like the feather-less skin of a goose, or similar poultry.

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Finally, the health riddle weve all been puzzled by: Why we get goosebumps - The New Daily

Using a wide range of statistics, the maps show what each state is best at, and worst at, for both the US and the EU.

It must be said that some of the best-in-class examples sound like backhanded compliments. Really, Cyprus? Best at handling euro coins & notes, that's your stand-out quality? And Hawaii, Least likely to collide with a deer? Well, duh. There are no native deer on Hawaii (1).

But there's plenty more to snicker about, or marvel at, on these maps.

What each US state is best at

Some qualities seem self-evident. Washington state, most bicycle-friendly? Oregon, most craft breweries per capita? Wisconsin, biggest cheese producer? I'll buy that.

Other best-in-class qualities of the but-of-course kind include: Alaska, most pilots per capita; Arizona, sunniest state; Georgia, top peanut producer; Michigan, most lighthouses; Colorado, least obese.

Many labels reflect the positive attitude of that state's citizens: South Carolina, most polite; Utah, most charitable; Iowa, lowest divorce rate; Kansas, most teenage volunteers; Ohio, most library visits per capita; Vermont, most frequent exercises.

But for quite a few states it seems like it was a struggle to come up with something genuinely nice: Wyoming, lowest rate of syphilis (despite the proximity of North Dakota, biggest penises); Montana, longest cat lifespans; Alabama, most concealed carry licenses; Virginia, most vanity license plates; Tennessee, largest walleye ever caught.

What each US state is worst at

Few things please us more than another person's flaws and failures - hence reality TV. This less than commendable tendency also explains why this map is much more eye-catching than the one above.

Just as a warm-up, some traffic horror: Illinois, most rail accidents; Pennsylvania, worst bridges; Idaho, worst drivers; Montana, most traffic fatalities per capita (how do those two categories not overlap?); Florida, most recreational boat accidents; Maine, fewest heliports (sounds like a one-percenter problem, though).

Other worst-in-class qualities reflect badly on the moral fibre of each state's citizens, although arguably not to the same degree. Alabama's most child smokers seems worse than Oklahoma's lowest produce consumption. Delaware's fewest regular exercisers sound less malign than next-door Maryland's worst at incarcerating the elderly. And Nevada's highest divorce rate is preferable over Wyoming's highest suicide rate.

Some labels sound like reverse-backhanded compliments. Utah, nerdiest state? Good for you. North Dakota, least visited? More of your state to yourself! Nebraska, least furniture manufacturing? If that's the worst thing you can come up with...

But some labels are genuinely disturbing. Visit Indiana, state with most meth incidents? Only if we have to. How about Missouri, home of the worst puppy mills in the land, or Kentucky, worst state to be an animal overall? Perhaps not. And definitely not Kansas, state with the ugliest scenery.

What each EU state is best at

France is the Colorado of Europe: both places have the lowest obesity rate within their respective Unions. And Iowa and Ireland have the lowest divorce rates in the US and EU, respectively.But most European best-ofs don't have an equivalent on the American map, leaving us to wonder: Which US state is the twin of Portugal, top cork producer in the EU? And where in America do they have the most work experience with robots, as in Slovakia?

Danes regularly top the lists of happiest people in the world; perhaps not unconnected to the fact that they're the dancingest, singingest people in Europe.

Many Europeans excel at being good to the environment, and their place in it: Belgians recycle most, Estonians waste least, the Dutch quit smoking the most, and the British kill each other the least.

The Germans are Europe's happiest workers, the Italians live the longest and the Austrians are the least likely to be unemployed. Bulgaria has the cheapest electricity, and Slovenia the fewest teen moms. And Greece, much maligned of late? At least it has the lowest rate of tuberculosis.

What Each EU state is worst at

The rosy picture painted by the statistics above has a Dorian Gray-like twin, bringing out Europe's ugly side.

Let's hope an apple a day keeps the doctor away: Poland produces most of the former, but has fewest of the latter.The Netherlands has the highest share of cyclist deaths among road fatalities. Perhaps it's all those ex-smokers trying to shape up.

The Czech Republic (or, newly, Czechia) is the best at drinking beer but, disconcertingly, also has more slavery than anywhere else in the EU. If Hungarians have the lowest illegal spend in Europe, perhaps it's because they have less to spend per se: nobody pays more in VAT.

Lithuania has more secondary school graduates than anywhere else in Europe, but also higher suicide rates. And those Danes? They're the Mainers of Europe, stuck with the continent's biggest first-world problem: fewest Zaras per capita.

--

All maps from Thrillist: here, here, here and here.

(1) Axis deer, native to India, were introduced on Molokai and Oahu in 1868, Lanai in 1920 and Maui in 1959. But their numbers are kept in check through targeted hunting. There were no axis deer on the Big Island until four were illegally introduced in 2009. Their offspring is actively being eradicated under the aegis of the Big Island Invasive Species Committee. This Facebook page monitors axis deer sightings on Big Island.

Strange Map #781

Got a strange map? Let me know at strangemaps@gmail.com.

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Study finds the real reason you get goosebumps - Big Think

Stem cells are biological cells which have the ability to distinguish into specialized cells, which are capable of cell division through mitosis. Amniotic fluid stem cells are a collective mixture of stem cells obtained from amniotic tissues and fluid. Amniotic fluid is clear, slightly yellowish liquid which surrounds the fetus during pregnancy and is discarded as medical waste during caesarean section deliveries. Amniotic fluid is a source of valuable biological material which includes stem cells which can be potentially used in cell therapy and regenerative therapies. Amniotic fluid stem cells can be developed into a different type of tissues such as cartilage, skin, cardiac nerves, bone, and muscles. Amniotic fluid stem cells are able to find the damaged joint caused by rheumatoid arthritis and differentiate tissues which are damaged. Medical conditions where no drug is able to lessen the symptoms and begin the healing process are the major target for amniotic fluid stem cell therapy. Amniotic fluid stem cells therapy is a solution to those patients who do not want to undergo surgery. Amniotic fluid has a high concentration of stem cells, cytokines, proteins and other important components. Amniotic fluid stem cell therapy is safe and effective treatment which contain growth factor helps to stimulate tissue growth, naturally reduce inflammation. Amniotic fluid also contains hyaluronic acid which acts as a lubricant and promotes cartilage growth.

With increasing technological advancement in the healthcare, amniotic fluid stem cell therapy has more advantage over the other therapy. Amniotic fluid stem cell therapy eliminates the chances of surgery and organs are regenerated, without causing any damage. These are some of the factors driving the growth of amniotic fluid stem cell therapy market over the forecast period. Increasing prevalence of chronic diseases which can be treated with the amniotic fluid stem cell therapy propel the market growth for amniotic fluid stem cell therapy, globally. Increasing funding by the government in research and development of stem cell therapy may drive the amniotic fluid stem cell therapy market growth. But, high procedure cost, difficulties in collecting the amniotic fluid and lack of reimbursement policies hinder the growth of amniotic fluid stem cell therapy market.

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The global amniotic fluid stem cell therapy market is segmented on basis of treatment, application, end user and geography:

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Rapid technological advancement in healthcare, and favorable results of the amniotic fluid stem cells therapy will increase the market for amniotic fluid stem cell therapy over the forecast period. Increasing public-private investment for stem cells in managing disease and improving healthcare infrastructure are expected to propel the growth of the amniotic fluid stem cell therapy market.

However, on the basis of geography, global Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell Therapy Market is segmented into six key regionsviz. North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific Excluding China, China and Middle East & Africa. North America captured the largest shares in global Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell Therapy Market and is projected to continue over the forecast period owing to technological advancement in the healthcare and growing awareness among the population towards the new research and development in the stem cell therapy. Europe is expected to account for the second largest revenue share in the amniotic fluid stem cell therapy market. The Asia Pacific is anticipated to have rapid growth in near future owing to increasing healthcare set up and improving healthcare expenditure. Latin America and the Middle East and Africa account for slow growth in the market of amniotic fluid stem cell therapy due to lack of medical facilities and technical knowledge.

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Some of the key players operating in global amniotic fluid stem cell therapy market are Stem Shot, Provia Laboratories LLC, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Mesoblast Ltd., Roslin Cells, Regeneus Ltd. etc. among others.

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Revenue from the Sales of Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell Therapy Market to Increase Exponentially During 2018 2026 - Owned

Astrid Stawiarz

If you're trying to transition to a natural makeup routine, I highly recommend starting with a natural foundation. Here's my thought process: Foundation covers your entire face and most people wear it everyday, unlike, say mascara or lipstick. So why wouldn't you want to make the switch to clean and green with the product that's coming into contact with your skin the most? That said, it isn't always easy to find a natural foundation that works as well as the conventional kind, so I did a ton of testing and swatching to bring you this list of the 12 best natural foundations. Each one is made without potentially questionable ingredients, like parabens, phthalates, petrolatum, or talc, and honestly works just as well as whatever foundation you're currently using.

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Best Waterproof Natural Foundation

Don't let anyone tell you some B.S. aboutnatural foundations "not lasting", because this waterproof powder foundation from Tarte stays put on skin for a full 12 hours. It's made with gentle mineral pigments and oil-absorbingAmazonian clay to give skin amatte, airbrushed effect that lasts all damn day.

Best Buildable Natural Foundation

This buildable natural foundation is super versatileyou can use just a little for a sheer, second-skin effector layer it on forfull-coverage. The clean formula is made with antioxidant-rich maqui berry to help protect skin from environmental aggressors, plus micellar technology which helps the foundation mimic your skin's natural texture for a seamless finish.

Best Natural Oil Foundation

Part face oil, partfoundation,this bb is loved by editors and makeup artists for it's ability to cover up redness, breakouts, and dark marks while still letting your skin look like real skin. Made with just 15 natural ingredients (most of which are nourishing plant oils), a few dropssoothe, plump, and nourish your skin.

Best Drugstore Natural Foundation

This top-rated option from Burt's Bees is proof that you can get a great natural foundation at the drugstore that won't cost you a ton of $$. The full-coverage liquid formula is 98.9 percent natural and gives skin a dewy glow thanks to moisturizingmeadow foam seed oil.

Best Natural Foundation Stick

$40.00

IMO, there's no easierfoundation to usethan a foundation stick. They're mess-free, easy to blend, and won't ever leak or spill in your makeup bag. This one from Laws of Nature Cosmetics is infused with organic plant oils (like sunflower seed oil and olive oil), so it's suuuuper creamy and easy to apply.

Best Multitasking Natural Foundation

I'm obsessed with this multitasking natural foundation. A few drops of the serum-like formula gives lightweight coverage (read: it'll cover redness and marks without making your skin feel suffocated), non-greasy hydration (thanks to hyaluronic acid and squalane), and UV protection with SPF 40.

Best Hydrating Natural Foundation

If your skin is on the drier side, this is the natural foundation for you. In addition to covering everything from acneto hyperpigmentation, it deeply moisturizesskin with a shea butter, grape seed oil, and glycerin to give you a plump, dewy finish. And even though it's super hydrating, the formula is non-comedogenic, so you don't need to worry about it breaking you out.

Best Luminizing Natural Foundation

Thisnatural foundation from Vapour Beauty honestlygives skin the prettiest glow. It usesorganicbotanical oils andtiny pearlescent pigmentsto reflect light and diffuse the look of dark spots and uneven texture while adding instantbrightness to your skin.

Best Natural Pressed Powder Foundation

A few taps of thisnatural pressed powder foundation give skin a velvety matte finish. It comes with a soft sponge for easy application, and is infused with argan oil, aloe vera, andevening primrose oil to ensure the powder formula never feels cakey or drying on your skin.

Best Anti-Aging Natural Foundation

This natural foundation from organic brand Juice Beautyis infused with an anti-aging serum (specifically, acombo of resveratrol, fruit stem cells, and vitamins C and E) that works to smooth lines and brighten dark spots with continued use. Even better: It won't settle into fine lines or pores, so you don't need to worry about touch-ups during the day.

Best Natural Loose Powder Foundation

Non-toxic and totally clean, this all-natural loose powder foundation is made with skin-friendlyminerals to cover up redness, acne, spots, and more without causing irritation or clogging your pores. And unlike like some loose powder foundations, this one won't make your skin look ashy or chalky.

Best Lightweight Natural Foundation

Thisliquid foundationfrom clean beauty brand Beautycounter legit feels weightless on skin, making it the perfect option for anyone who hates the feeling of foundation or heavy makeup on their skin. It's breathable, buildable, and has a little bit ofhydrating hyaluronic acid to help immediately plump and smooth your skin.

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12 Best Natural and Organic Foundations of 2020 That Don't Crease - Cosmopolitan

The Regenerative Medicine Market report covers the overview of the market and presents the information on business development, market size, and share scenario. The report also emphasizes on the growth prospects of the global Regenerative Medicine market for the period 2020-2024. The report covers market characteristics for each segmentation across the key regions and country and traces the historic and forecast analysis of the industry. The report covers key vendors their revenue, breakdown by regions, and product demand. Other key details include volume, installed capacity, value chain.

Regenerative Medicine Market Dynamics:

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Regenerative Medicine Market Segmentation by Top Key Players:

Market Overview:

Scope of the Report:

As per the , regenerative medicines are used to repair, replace, and regenerate the tissues and organs affected by injury, disease, or the natural aging process. These medicines restore the functionality of cells and tissues and are used in several degenerative disorders, such as dermatology, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular, and orthopedic applications.

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Key Market Trends:

Dermatology is the Segment by Application that is Expected to be the Largest During the Forecast Period

Dermatology is estimated to have the largest share in revenue generation, and this high contribution is attributive to the presence of easy grafting techniques for dermatological wounds and diseases. Skin, being an organ with great cell replication characteristics, provides various types of stem cells from its different layers. Therefore, there are a broad range of products present, from patches to cure small injuries to matrix and grafts for chronic wounds and burns. Thus, the segment is expected to continue to dominate the market through to the forecast period.

The increasing number of accidents and bone defects is also expected to drive the regenerative medicine market. There are also several research studies that are being conducted on tissue engineering for the development of bone graft substitutes, with the help of regenerative medicine. So, with the new advances in bone graft, the market is expected to grow over the forecast period.

North America Holds the Largest Share and is Expected to Follow the Same Trend Over the Forecast Period

North America is estimated to have the largest share, in terms of revenue, owing to the presence of major players and rapid advances in technology, along with high investments in stem cell and oncology research. There is also an increasing prevalence of diseases, such as cancer and diabetes, which can now be cured by various stem cell therapies. Additionally, the awareness regarding the available stem cell procedures and therapies among people is rising, which in turn, is increasing the demand for the overall market.

The report provides key statistics on the market status of the Regenerative Medicine Market manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the Regenerative Medicine.

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Regenerative Medicine Market Report Covers Following Points in TOC:

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As reported in an eye-opening new research paper, scientists have created tiny human livers out of human skin cells before successfully transplanting them into rats.

What we are planning to do is to start making mini human organs that are universal, explained the papers co-author, Alejandro Soto-Gutirrez, from the University of Pittsburgh.That would change the paradigm of transplants.

The science-fiction-like procedure was done by taking adult skin cells and genetically altering certain genes and transcription factors to create what are known as pluripotent stem cells.

It starts with human skin cells called fibroblasts, in 2006 the pioneering field of genetic-editing led scientists to discover that they can simply take any cell from a living adult and turn it into a pluripotent stem cell.

Pluri, meaning plurality, indicates its ability to carry the genetic code of all organ types, which is how they can become liver cells.

RELATED: For the First Time in the US, Surgeons Pump New Life into Dead Donor Heart for Life-Saving Transplant

According to the Mayo Clinic, the number of people on current waiting lists for liver transplants far exceeds the number of available liver donors. The cost is just as high: the medical journal Inverse reports the average cost of a transplant, accounting for the entire procedure, is about $812,000.

New technologies always reduce the cost of existing products (remember how expensive flat screen televisions were?) and a new paradigm of made-to-order fabrication of organs would likely fulfill all the demand for transplants while lowering the cost at the same time.

As fascinating as it is a little unsettling, the science took a decade to perfect, but is far still from human trials. The tiny organs from human cells continued working normally after they were transplanted into rats bred to have suppressed immune systems otherwise the body would reject the foreign organ.

RELATED: Game-Changing Approval of Liver Transplant Procedure Expected to Halve the Waiting List

The method and associated technology could produce part-time liver grafts, that could prolong the lives of people waiting on the transplant list.

The long-term goal is to create organs that can replace organ donation, but in the near future, I see this as a bridge to transplant, Soto-Gutirrez told Inverse. For instance, in acute liver failure, you might just need a hepatic boost for a while, instead of a whole new liver.

(File photo by OPCW Laboratory in Rijswijk, CC license)

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Dream of Plentiful Organ Transplants Moves Closer to Reality as Scientists Grow Tiny Working Livers from Skin Cells - Good News Network

Global Stem Cell Therapy Market: Overview

Also called regenerative medicine, stem cell therapy encourages the reparative response of damaged, diseased, or dysfunctional tissue via the use of stem cells and their derivatives. Replacing the practice of organ transplantations, stem cell therapies have eliminated the dependence on availability of donors. Bone marrow transplant is perhaps the most commonly employed stem cell therapy.

Osteoarthritis, cerebral palsy, heart failure, multiple sclerosis and even hearing loss could be treated using stem cell therapies. Doctors have successfully performed stem cell transplants that significantly aid patients fight cancers such as leukemia and other blood-related diseases.

Know the Growth Opportunities in Emerging Markets

Global Stem Cell Therapy Market: Key Trends

The key factors influencing the growth of the global stem cell therapy market are increasing funds in the development of new stem lines, the advent of advanced genomic procedures used in stem cell analysis, and greater emphasis on human embryonic stem cells. As the traditional organ transplantations are associated with limitations such as infection, rejection, and immunosuppression along with high reliance on organ donors, the demand for stem cell therapy is likely to soar. The growing deployment of stem cells in the treatment of wounds and damaged skin, scarring, and grafts is another prominent catalyst of the market.

On the contrary, inadequate infrastructural facilities coupled with ethical issues related to embryonic stem cells might impede the growth of the market. However, the ongoing research for the manipulation of stem cells from cord blood cells, bone marrow, and skin for the treatment of ailments including cardiovascular and diabetes will open up new doors for the advancement of the market.

Global Stem Cell Therapy Market: Market Potential

A number of new studies, research projects, and development of novel therapies have come forth in the global market for stem cell therapy. Several of these treatments are in the pipeline, while many others have received approvals by regulatory bodies.

In March 2017, Belgian biotech company TiGenix announced that its cardiac stem cell therapy, AlloCSC-01 has successfully reached its phase I/II with positive results. Subsequently, it has been approved by the U.S. FDA. If this therapy is well- received by the market, nearly 1.9 million AMI patients could be treated through this stem cell therapy.

Another significant development is the granting of a patent to Israel-based Kadimastem Ltd. for its novel stem-cell based technology to be used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and other similar conditions of the nervous system. The companys technology used for producing supporting cells in the central nervous system, taken from human stem cells such as myelin-producing cells is also covered in the patent.

The regional analysis covers:

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Global Stem Cell Therapy Market: Regional Outlook

The global market for stem cell therapy can be segmented into Asia Pacific, North America, Latin America, Europe, and the Middle East and Africa. North America emerged as the leading regional market, triggered by the rising incidence of chronic health conditions and government support. Europe also displays significant growth potential, as the benefits of this therapy are increasingly acknowledged.

Asia Pacific is slated for maximum growth, thanks to the massive patient pool, bulk of investments in stem cell therapy projects, and the increasing recognition of growth opportunities in countries such as China, Japan, and India by the leading market players.

Global Stem Cell Therapy Market: Competitive Analysis

Several firms are adopting strategies such as mergers and acquisitions, collaborations, and partnerships, apart from product development with a view to attain a strong foothold in the global market for stem cell therapy.

Some of the major companies operating in the global market for stem cell therapy are RTI Surgical, Inc., MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Osiris Therapeutics, Inc., NuVasive, Inc., Pharmicell Co., Ltd., Anterogen Co., Ltd., JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., and Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l.

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Stem Cell Therapy Market Segmentation Detailed Study with Forecast to 2025 - Owned

The Skin Care Cosmetic market revenue was xx.xx Million USD in 2014, grew to xx.xx Million USD in 2018, and will reach xx.xx Million USD in 2024, with a CAGR of x.x% during 2019-2024. Based on the Skin Care Cosmetic industrial chain, this report mainly elaborates the definition, types, applications and major players of Skin Care Cosmetic market in details. Deep analysis about market status (2014-2019), enterprise competition pattern, advantages and disadvantages of enterprise products, industry development trends (2019-2024), regional industrial layout characteristics and macroeconomic policies, industrial policy has also be included. From raw materials to downstream buyers of this industry will be analyzed scientifically, the feature of product circulation and sales channel will be presented as well. In a word, this report will help you to establish a panorama of industrial development and characteristics of the Skin Care Cosmetic market., The Skin Care Cosmetic market can be split based on product types, major applications, and important regions.

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Major Players in Skin Care Cosmetic market are:, Avon Products Inc, Kao Corporation, Procter & Gamble, The Estee Lauder Companies Inc, Beiersdorf AG, Unilever PLC, The Body Shop International PLC, Johnson & Johnson, LOreal S.A.

Major Regions that plays a vital role in Skin Care Cosmetic market are:, North America, Europe, China, Japan, Middle East & Africa, India, South America, Others

Brief about Skin Care Cosmetic Market Report with [emailprotected] https://arcognizance.com/report/global-skin-care-cosmetic-industry-market-research-report

Most important types of Skin Care Cosmetic products covered in this report are:, Sensitive Skin Care, Dry Skin Care, Infants Skin Care, Others

Most widely used downstream fields of Skin Care Cosmetic market covered in this report are:, Stem Cells Protection Against UV, Flakiness Reduction, Rehydrate the Skin Surface, Minimize wrinkles, Increase the viscosity of Aqueous

There are 13 Chapters to thoroughly display the Skin Care Cosmetic market. This report included the analysis of market overview, market characteristics, industry chain, competition landscape, historical and future data by types, applications and regions.

Chapter 1: Skin Care Cosmetic Market Overview, Product Overview, Market Segmentation, Market Overview of Regions, Market Dynamics, Limitations, Opportunities and Industry News and Policies.

Chapter 2: Skin Care Cosmetic Industry Chain Analysis, Upstream Raw Material Suppliers, Major Players, Production Process Analysis, Cost Analysis, Market Channels and Major Downstream Buyers.

Chapter 3: Value Analysis, Production, Growth Rate and Price Analysis by Type of Skin Care Cosmetic.

Chapter 4: Downstream Characteristics, Consumption and Market Share by Application of Skin Care Cosmetic.

Chapter 5: Production Volume, Price, Gross Margin, and Revenue ($) of Skin Care Cosmetic by Regions (2014-2019).

Chapter 6: Skin Care Cosmetic Production, Consumption, Export and Import by Regions (2014-2019).

Chapter 7: Skin Care Cosmetic Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions.

Chapter 8: Competitive Landscape, Product Introduction, Company Profiles, Market Distribution Status by Players of Skin Care Cosmetic.

Chapter 9: Skin Care Cosmetic Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application (2019-2024).

Chapter 10: Market Analysis and Forecast by Regions (2019-2024).

Chapter 11: Industry Characteristics, Key Factors, New Entrants SWOT Analysis, Investment Feasibility Analysis.

Chapter 12: Market Conclusion of the Whole Report.

Chapter 13: Appendix Such as Methodology and Data Resources of This Research.

Some Point of Table of Content:

Chapter One: Skin Care Cosmetic Introduction and Market Overview

Chapter Two: Industry Chain Analysis

Chapter Three: Global Skin Care Cosmetic Market, by Type

Chapter Four: Skin Care Cosmetic Market, by Application

Chapter Five: Global Skin Care Cosmetic Production, Value ($) by Region (2014-2019)

Chapter Six: Global Skin Care Cosmetic Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2014-2019)

Chapter Seven: Global Skin Care Cosmetic Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions

Chapter Eight: Competitive Landscape

Chapter Nine: Global Skin Care Cosmetic Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application

Chapter Ten: Skin Care Cosmetic Market Analysis and Forecast by Region

Chapter Eleven: New Project Feasibility Analysis

Chapter Twelve: Research Finding and Conclusion

Chapter Thirteen: Appendix continued

List of tablesList of Tables and FiguresFigure Product Picture of Skin Care CosmeticTable Product Specification of Skin Care CosmeticFigure Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of Skin Care CosmeticFigure Global Skin Care Cosmetic Value ($) and Growth Rate from 2014-2024Table Different Types of Skin Care CosmeticFigure Global Skin Care Cosmetic Value ($) Segment by Type from 2014-2019Figure Sensitive Skin Care PictureFigure Dry Skin Care PictureFigure Infants Skin Care PictureFigure Others PictureTable Different Applications of Skin Care CosmeticFigure Global Skin Care Cosmetic Value ($) Segment by Applications from 2014-2019Figure Stem Cells Protection Against UV PictureFigure Flakiness Reduction PictureFigure Rehydrate the Skin Surface PictureFigure Minimize wrinkles PictureFigure Increase the viscosity of Aqueous PictureTable Research Regions of Skin Care CosmeticFigure North America Skin Care Cosmetic Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2019)Figure Europe Skin Care Cosmetic Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2019)Table China Skin Care Cosmetic Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2019)Table Japan Skin Care Cosmetic Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2019)continued

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NOTE: Our report does take into account the impact of coronavirus pandemic and dedicates qualitative as well as quantitative sections of information within the report that emphasizes the impact of COVID-19.

As this pandemic is ongoing and leading to dynamic shifts in stocks and businesses worldwide, we take into account the current condition and forecast the market data taking into consideration the micro and macroeconomic factors that will be affected by the pandemic.

Excerpt from:
Impact Of COVID-19 On Skin Care Cosmetic Market 2020 Industry Challenges, Business Overview And Forecast Research Study 2024 - Owned

Spin the wheel of glowy celebrity complexions youd like to emulate and wherever it lands, chances are Joanna Czech had something to do with it. With 30 years of experience as an esthetician under her belt, her facials are some of the most sought-after in the industry, and her intel is the stuff that beauty editors cling to like gospel. Shes schooled us in the benefits of enzymes for acne, and taught us why we should never, ever use thick moisturizers during the summer months, and our skin is much better for it.

As someone with a breadth of skin knowledge, its no surprise that Czech takes her own skin-care practices very, very seriously. I have reactive, dehydrated skin, which has gotten more dehydrated from loss of estrogen because of my age, says Czech, who also has stage one rosacea that is exacerbated by heat, stress, and certain foods. My skin doesnt do great with heat, needling, or deep exfoliation. I am all about supporting it with super hydrating, comforting, healing treatments and products.

As a special treat, she gave us a peak inside of her spring and summer season skin-care arsenal, and revealed what she uses on her skin every night. While her morning routine is chock full of nourishing products (and SPF, of course), she considers her evening regimen to be the most important, because skin at rest absorbs products better, so the efficacy increases. Read on for every product that graces her skin.

Post-cleanse, Czech balances her skin with P50. Its made with a combination of chemically exfoliating acids, which melt away dead skin cells and create a clean canvas on which to apply the rest of her routine. While the original P50 is pretty much the gold standard as far acid toners go, this formula has added benefits of helping with hyperpigmentation.

Massage is such an important step, as it speeds up circulation, bringing more oxygen to the tissue, resulting in brighter, healthier skin, says Czech. It can also change the shape of the face, lifting the brows, the jawline and emphasizing the cheekbones. Shes a fan of her namesake massage roller, which is made with two metal balls that de-puff your face while stimulating your skin. Pro tip? Put itor whatever roller youve got at homein the fridge or freezer for a luxurious cooling facial.

Czech changes up her routine seasonally, but right now shes currently slathering on this stem-cell infused serum. Its made with patented Bio-Cellular Technology that smooths and firms skin while helping to minimize fine lines and increase suppleness. Its also got hyaluronic acid to aid in hydration while you sleep. As far as application goes, shes a fan of the press and release motion. I spread the product on my skin and then press and release. Skin absorbs the product better, she says. And according to Czech, the best way to get your serums working over timewhether they cost $155 or $15is with a completely free hack. I make my own ice cubes from teaeither chamomile, green or blackand I run the cubes over my face after serum application, she says. This helps to seal in the product, and ensure its doing its job at max capacity while you sleep.

This moisturizer might just be the smartest on the market, and Czech co-signs its efficacy. It gives your body the building blocks it needs to create new cells, through amino acids, vitamins, and nutrients, which helps to improve the appearance of dark spots and acne scarring, while diminishing fine lines and wrinkles, and restoring elasticity. At $170 a bottle, its hardly a budget buy, but its so effective it might just replace every other serum in your routine.

To up the effectiveness of her go-to eye cream, Czech infuses it with a drop of Protective Nourishment Eye Glow Serum ($89). The cream helps to lift the eye and even out the tone of dark circles, while the serum helps to minimize fine lines and puffiness.

Keep lips hydrated all dayand all night with this balm, which is made with nourishing ingredients like glycerin and castor oil. In addition to fighting off chapped lips, it can also be used to treat dryness all over your body, from your elbows to your knees to your nails.

Want to know what a dermatologist uses in *her* routine? Check out the video below.

Our editors independently select these products. Making a purchase through our links may earn Well+Good a commission.

Here is the original post:
Ive Been an Esthetician for 30 YearsThis Is What I Do to My Skin Every Single Night - Well+Good

The research team includes (from left) Victoria Neckles, David Feliciano, Tori Riley, Aidan Sokolov and Jennie Holmberg.Image Credit: College of Science

CLEMSON, South Carolina College of Science associate professor and researcher David Feliciano has received a $667,000 grant from the Department of Defense to explore the cellular underpinnings of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), a developmental disorder characterized by the growth of benign tumors throughout the body, most notably in the brain.

Young children with TSCoften have seizures, learning disabilities, behavioral issues, and a high rate of autism. A hallmark of the disorder is the presence of growths in the brain called subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs). SEGAs can block cerebrospinal fluid flow resulting in hydrocephalus, behavioral changes, nausea, headaches, seizures, and are a cause of mortality. SEGAs can be surgically removed, however, their presence in infancy usually precludes immediate removal. Early intervention improves prognosis.

About a third of the TSC cases are inherited from a parent, while about two thirds of cases arise during in utero development, said Feliciano, of biological sciences. There are clues leading to a TSC diagnosis. For example, an infant may have seizures characterized by a head bobbing motion that almost looks like he or she is nodding off, skin lesions, and red bumps comprised of blood vessels on the face, especially on the nose and cheeks.

According to Feliciano, scientists know that TSC occurs because of a mutation on either the TSC1 or TSC2 gene. These genes normally produce proteins that stop cell growth via the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. However, TSC1 or TSC2 mutations result in excessive mTOR activity and cell growth.

Coronal section of a mouse brain olfactory bulb genetically modified by in vivo neural stem cell electroporation (blue, old neurons; cyan, young neurons; magenta, nuclei of all cells).Image Credit: Courtesy of Victoria Riley

In the course of the three-year project, Feliciano will generate a novel mouse model of TSC, characterize the molecular pathways in this model, and test two potential drug therapies to evaluate their effectiveness on treating these harmful SEGAs.

The model will have mutations engineered in the neural stem cells of newborn mice. When these stem cells divide, the cellular progeny will be deficient in the Tsc2 gene, mimicking the human disease. These mice will also express an inducible fluorescent protein allowing the altered cells to be tracked by microscopy.

Well be able to closely examine how the SEGAs form in this model, Feliciano said. We can examine the cell types and cellular processes that are altered, and we can study how the biochemical pathways are altered within the SEGA cells.

While we have developed other models of TSC, none to date fully recapitulate SEGAs, Feliciano added. Having a SEGA model is important because it allows one to interrogate the molecular pathways and identify mechanisms of pathogenesis. In the final step of the project, Feliciano will test the effectiveness of two potential therapies which may stop the formation of SEGAs.

TSC is a relatively rare disorder, occurring in one out of every 6,000 births. TSC provides a framework to understand the pathways that orchestrate normal brain development. Many other diseases are also characterized by changes to the same pathways, although the causative genes are unknown. Therefore, the results of this research will be applicable to additional diseases, said Feliciano, citing cancer and epilepsy as two examples.

This research is supported by the Department of Defense Award Number W81XWH-19-TSCRP-IDA. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the DoD.

See the article here:
Feliciano receives $667K DOD grant to explore developmental disorder that causes tumors in the body and brain - Clemson Newsstand

ONE simple act could save this little girl's life.

Little Shahera Khan has a fault with her immune system that means her body can't produce enough white blood cells.

3

It means the toddler is susceptible to infections, meaning a seemingly innocuous bug could kill her.

Shahera's life is very different to those of other tot's her age.

She can't go to nursery, make friends or really interact with too many other kids, for fear of picking up infections.

While she loves to play with her big brother, Amaan, five, she has to take daily medication and has blood transfusions each week.

If she picks up a common cold or cough, it can leave her in hospital for days while her tiny body fights the bacteria or virus.

Now, her parents are pleading for help from strangers, to offer their little girl a chance at a normal life.

Shahera's only hope of growing up like her peers is a stem cell transplant.

Speaking to The Sun her Mum Amina said she just wants her daughter to get better and to lead a normal life.

Shahera was born a healthy child and she was okay when she was small.

She picked up bronchiolitis when she was eight months old and had to be hospitalised. We were there for a week and she also picked up an ear and nose infection.

A lot of people say she has been through the wars and she has, she hasnt had an easy childhood and theres always something new with her illness

Amina, who lives in Croydon with Shahera, her husband and Sharehas little brother said that she had Shahera at home for just a couple of days before she had to go back to hospital due to coughing fits.

She recovered at home but within two weeks the family were sent a letter that detailed she had low immunity.

Amina said that little Shahera had a rash on her face and said doctors then had to do a biopsy.

They were scratching their heads really. After a biopsy they found that she was an unusual case.

3

Her skin was pretty bad at that point and they gave her steroids and antibiotics.

At the Evelina hospital they ran further tests on Shahera, but sadly she then had to be hospitalised for bacterial sepsis.

Amina said that all of this happened during the 2018 World Cup and said she remembers it so well as temperatures were soaring and she was trying to control little Shaheras temperature.

She was so thirsty and her temperature was 38/39C.

How to join the stem cell register

Little Shahera needs a stem cell donor - here's how you can register

You can join the stem cell register online. All you need to do is fill out a registration form and you will be sent out some swabs.

You will need to take some samples, usually from the inside of your mouth and then send them back. As soon as they are received you'll be added to the register.

You'll remain on the register until you are 61-years-old.

If you are a match for someone in need charities such as Anthony Nolan will help guide you through the process.

Around 90 per cent of people are able to donate via their blood stream with 10 per cent donating from bone marrow while under general anaesthetic.

To find out more and to register you can visit the below sites:

Then the hospital found that one of her white blood cells was completely wiped out, she was very sick and it was at that point that the doctors mentioned a bone marrow transplant.

Once again Shahera was allowed to return home and she made a good recovery.

Then when she was just one her rash appeared again and more tests found that she had a rare immunodeficiency.

Shahera now has antibody immunoglobulin treatments every week and Amina said this makes a big difference to her quality of life.

3

The issue now Amina says, is that doctors need to find a way to continue to treat Shahera so she can do all the things that other little girls can.

Doctors have given the family several months to find a donor and have said the transplant could take place as early as next spring.

Finding a donor though will be a struggle for the family as just 20 per cent of patients from BAME backgrounds find the best possible donor match.

This is in comparison to 69 per cent for people with white European heritage.

Finding a donor would be a big relief for us, because hopefully it will maker her better

Shahera is of Bangladeshi origin and Amina said its difficult for the family to find someone from their community.

We are part of her journey and it has been difficult but we have been very patient and we are still working with consultants and professors.

At the moment she is doing as well as she can be and she has been shielding due to Covid-19.

Finding a donor would be a big relief for us, because hopefully it will maker her better.

Amina said that the family are not only campaigning to find a donor for Shahera but for others in the same situation.

What is immunoglobulin therapy?

Little Shahera has to have antibody immunoglobulin treatments to keep her well

It is a blood-based treatment that contains antibodies in order to fight against infections.

People are given this treatment when their immune systems do not produce enough antibodies.

Some patients are at a higher risk than others.

Charity PID UK states: "Clinical trials have shown that for people with immune deficiency, immunoglobulin treatments result in fewer infections, and those infections that do occur tend to be less serious.

"There is also evidence that people with immune deficiency are more likely to enjoy good health over many years if they receive immunoglobulin correctly. Finally, your wellbeing and your energy levels are likely to be better if you are on immunoglobulin.

"It may take several months before you feel these benefits.

Everything has been put on hold because of Covid but donating is such a simple process.

A lot of people have misconceptions about stem cell donation, but donors can save lives.

Due to the coronavirus lockdown little Shahera has spent lots of quality time with her family.

Amina said she is doing well and has enjoyed spending even more time with her older brother.

She likes to play cops and robbers and fireman Sam but she also enjoys doing girly things too like looking after her dolls.

Now that Shahera is a little bit older, Amina said she is more aware of her rash and will sometimes look at it and point.

She is very aware of the transfusions and understands what is happening and she is very well known in the ward.

She doesnt really cry when they prepare her for transfusions.

A lot of people say she has been through the wars and she has, she hasnt had an easy childhood and theres always something new with her illness.

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But shes a tough little girl and she is doing really well.

Sarah Rogers, register development manager at Anthony Nolan says: Little Shahera wants to go to nursery, learn and make more friends just like other toddlers olds across the UK. For this to happen she needs a stranger to donate their stem cells.

"If youre aged 16-30 you can join the register online and well send you a cheek swab in the post.

"If youre found to be a match for a patient, you could donate your stem cells and give hope to families like Shaheras. Your support could help us give a patient, their family and their friends a second chance of life."

Continued here:
One common infection could kill our baby girl but one simple act could change her life forever - The Sun

A man undergoes a rapid HIV test. (CLAUDIO REYES/AFP via Getty)

In a major leap forward in the search for a HIV/AIDS cure, a person has been cured of HIV using a cocktail of medicines in what activists have dubbed a breakthrough as exciting as it was unexpected.

HIV, known as human immunodeficiency virus, hobbles peoples immune systems leaving them more vulnerable to once everyday diseases.

In a new study, presented Tuesday (July 7) at the International AIDS conference 2020, a patient on a relatively simple antiretroviral drugregimen was given a medicine commonly used to treat skin cancer.

Previous milestones of individuals HIV appearing to go into long-term remission resulted from bone-marrow transplants given to infected patients. Similarly, the transplants were intended to treat cancer in the patients, not HIV.

But bone-marrow transplants on top of being costly are unlikely to be realistic or reliable treatment options and are, at times, riddled with risk. Yet, this case involved no invasive medical procedures.

As a result, experts told PinkNews, while they are wearily calling it a cure for the virus, it is difficult how to define the word when instances of the virus demise are so few.

Moreover, they said, caution must be exercised in pivoting the case as a success, as scientists must assess whether the outcome can be replicated.

And while the HIV epidemic continues, advocates have warned that the emergence of the coronavirus pandemic its continually sweeping infection rates and how it is vacuuming the attention of scientists and healthcare officials will no doubt knock back success made in recent years.

Dr Andrea Savarino, of the Instituto Superiore di Sanit in Rome, Italy, explained to HIV advocacy group aidsmap during a video call seen by PinkNews that the patient, one of five, was given an experimental drug commonly used as a skin cancer preventative called Nicotinamide as part of the study.

The medicine boosts the immune system, and some academics have demonstrated how Nicotinamide inhibits advanced stages of HIVinfection in cell culture and works on multiple mechanisms to reel back HIV, Savarino said.

By the end of the study, Savarino said, a common indicator of the virus presence viral DNA was undetectable in the patient. Savarino admitted this was not an optimal marker, but it may give an indication of the size of the viral reservoir.

Researchers have long struggled to find a way to destroy HIV reservoirs clusters of infected immune cells that are not producing new HIV but this strategy, Savarino explained, may provide a possible blueprint.

Even after the patient was taken off of his antiretrovirals treatments, the virus did not rebound, the viral DNA was maintained negative, he said. The antibody response decreased over time, if the antibody decreases, it is possible that the virus has stopped its repetition.

The other four patients did rebound, the researcher said.

He stressed that the antibodies made to fight HIV have not disappeared altogether, but did decrease hes still being monitored in order to understand whether the antibodies might disappear as in the case of Mr Timothy Brown,Savarino added.

Brown, often referred to as the Berlin patient, beat HIV with a combination of stem cell transplants and radiotherapy following a diagnosis of leukaemia.

During the trial, only mild side-effects were observed from the cocktail of medicines: No real side-effects were observed from Nicotinamide, which was in-line with previous trials of the medicines impact on cancer.

However, the HIV expert stressed that those living with HIV should not take Nicotinamide in a non-medical setting, being that it is a potent and still experimental medicine.

I really hope that [the study] boosts further research into a HIV cure because it is the first time such a condition is seen, to my knowledge, in a patient under chronic HIV infection, and without having been subjected to a life-threatening medical procedure such as bone marrow transplant, he said.

However, this is our very first experiment, and I wouldnt foresee beyond that.

This was an unexpected result its proof of a concept that we werent really looking out for, Matthew Hodson, executive director of aidsmap, told PinkNews.

We have had effective treatment for HIV for 34 years but 690,000 people died of AIDS last year.

We anticipate that due to COVIDs disruption of health services there will be an even greater number of AIDS-related deaths this year. People around the world are desperately in need of a cure and this case does give us renewed hope.

Although the news is exciting, at this point we have to proceed with caution. We know that a very small number of people can achieve what appears to be remission with antiretroviral drugs alone and it remains possible that this is the case here.

We need to know whether this finding will be replicated in other people, especially as it was not replicated in four other people on the trial.

This particular treatment is relatively inexpensive and, unlike the bone marrow transplant that resulted in previous cure cases, is not especially dangerous to the patient.

This gives me hope that it could be rolled out widely if we found it to work in other people.

Only one person in the small group given this treatment seems to be cured.

Further trials are necessary to find out whether it works for others and which part of the treatment made the difference. This means that it will be some years yet before this treatment will be accessible.

The global fight against AIDS was staggering even before the COVID-19 pandemic, activists admitted, as the United Nations said Sunday that global HIV targets will not be reached.

The organisations AIDS agency said in a report that COVID-19 may hurl progress against the virus back by a decade or even more.

Data from 2019 shows that more than 38 million people worldwide have acquired HIV a million more than in 2018.

UN officials noted that while some 25.7 million people living with HIV were on antiretroviral treatment in 2019 a feat unimaginable a decade prior it still leaves12.6 million not on the life-saving medications.

Here is the original post:
History made as first person ever is 'cured' of HIV using medication alone - PinkNews

From Netdoctor

Lymphoma, a type of blood cancer, is the fifth most common cancer in the UK. Lymphomas can be hard to diagnose and with sixty different types, the treatments vary hugely from a watch and wait option to intensive chemotherapy, radiotherapy and even stem cell transplants. People can live for many years with lymphomas so lets look at how they present and what the treatment options are.

Lymphoma is a cancer of lymphocyte cells. Lymphocytes are one of our white blood cells and they play an important role in helping our body to fight off infection. They are present in lymph fluid which circulates around the body via a network of lymph nodes and lymph vessels which form the lymphatic system.

It is common for lymph nodes (also called lymph glands) to swell up when you have an infection. For example, you may notice swollen glands in your neck when you have a sore throat. The glands shrink back down again as the infection clears.

In lymphoma, something happens to the DNA of the lymphocytes which results in the lymphocytes behaving abnormally, they reproduce and multiply in an uncontrolled way. Large numbers of lymphocytes mean that the lymph nodes become congested and swollen without the presence of infection.

There are different type of lymphocyte cells and around sixty different types of lymphoma but they can be divided into two groups:

Non-Hodgkin can be further divided into:

People of any age can get lymphoma, including children. Hodgkin lymphoma occurs most commonly in people in their early twenties and in the over seventies. It affects around 2,000 people each year in the UK. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is more common affecting around 14,000 people each year, a third of whom are over the age of 75.

The causes of lymphoma are largely unknown. There may be an inherited genetic mutation which causes the DNA to wrongly instruct the lymphocytes to multiply but its not known for certain if lymphoma runs in families.

Whilst it doesnt point to the cause, certain people are at higher risk of developing lymphoma. These include people who have a suppressed immune system. The suppression may come from the presence of a medical condition which directly affects the immune system such as HIV or from taking an immune suppressing medication. People who have previously been infected by the Epstein Barr virus (responsible for glandular fever) also seem to be at higher risk of lymphoma.

Because some of the symptoms of lymphoma such as swollen nodes and fatigue are common, it can be hard to diagnose lymphoma. Superficial lymph nodes in the neck and armpits are easy to feel but many nodes lie deep within the chest or abdomen and cant be seen or felt.

The most common symptoms of lymphoma are:

These are most commonly in the neck, armpits and groin area. Smooth, rubbery lumps can be felt. They arent usually painful and gradually enlarge although they may go up and down in a low grade, non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

If you have swollen glands that have persisted for over two to three weeks or are getting progressively bigger, then see your doctor.

Photo credit: Christopher Futcher - Getty Images

The following generalised symptoms, also called systemic symptoms may be present:

Story continues

When lymph nodes become enlarged they can press on the body tissues surrounding them resulting in a variety of symptoms depending on the location of the nodes. These include:

Some people may have only one symptom, whereas others will have multiple. Similarly, some people may become rapidly very unwell whilst others have a slower, milder form of lymphoma. The variety is huge due to the many different types and locations of lymphoma.

When you feel unwell or notice swollen glands, your first contact is usually with your GP. He or she will not be able to make a diagnosis of lymphoma but may have suspicions based on listening to your explanation of your symptoms and after examining you.

Blood tests will usually be ordered. These include a Full Blood Count (FBC) which gives details of the number of white blood cells, including lymphocytes in your blood. It cannot however give a diagnosis of lymphoma. To reach this you will be referred to a specialist who will arrange specific tests to not only confirm lymphoma but also to work out how advanced the lymphoma is. These include a biopsy where a sample of the tissue from a gland (or commonly a whole gland) is removed and examined under the microscope. Scans such as CT scans, ultrasound scans and X-rays all help to diagnose lymphoma and determine the best treatment plan.

Once the diagnosis has been made, the doctor will find out what stage the lymphoma is at. This means working out which parts of the body are affected and how advanced the disease is. Staging helps to plan the right treatment.

The following staging is for adults with Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The staging is different in children

Stage 1 only one group of lymph nodes is affected

Stage 2 two groups of lymph nodes are affected but they are both on the same side of the diaphragm e.g. in the neck and armpit

Stage 3 Lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm are affected e.g. neck, armpit and groin

Stage 4 Lymphoma has spread to organs outside of the lymphatic system e.g. lungs, liver

Photo credit: Peathegee Inc - Getty Images

The treatment plan for lymphoma varies according to the type and stage of lymphoma however factors such as age, other medical conditions and general health can influence how effective and well tolerated treatment is.

Treatment plans are usually drawn up after a Multi-Disciplinary Team meeting. This is a discussion between a collection of specialists who all use their expertise and previous experience to determine the best course of action for each individual patient.

The aim of treatment is to push the lymphoma into complete remission where there is no evidence that it is still present in the body and to prevent relapses. Sometimes where the lymphoma is a low grade, non-Hodgkin type, the aim is for a partial remission, quietening the disease. In this situation, sometimes treatment isnt offered immediately and a watch and wait approach is taken.

Treatment options include:

The charity Lymphoma action states, In the UK, no alternative therapies are registered for the treatment of lymphoma. There is no evidence that they are effective and they are not recommended by the NHS. Although not recommended as a treatment, many patients gain benefit from complementary therapies alongside their medical treatment. Therapies such as massage, aromatherapy, meditation and mindfulness, can all help to lower stress and anxiety and improve wellbeing and quality of life.

Most cases of lymphoma are treatable.

In England, approximately 75 per cent of people with Hodgkin lymphoma will survive for ten years or more. Younger people and those who are diagnosed earliest have the best survival rates.

The survival rate for non-Hodgkin lymphoma has tripled in the last 40 years in the UK and almost two thirds of people will survive beyond ten years. The survival rates are highest in young people and 9 in 10 people diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma between the ages of 15 and 39 will survive for more than five years.

*stats from Cancer Research UK https://www.cancerresearchuk.org

Lymphoma action

Blood Cancer UK

Last medically reviewed: 08-07-2020

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What is lymphoma? Symptoms, causes and diagnosis - Yahoo Lifestyle UK

Cosmetic Skin CareMarketBusiness Insights and Updates:

The latest Marketreport by a Data Bridge Market Researchwith the title[Global Cosmetic Skin CareMarket Industry Trends and Forecast to 2026].The new report on the worldwide Cosmetic Skin CareMarketis committed to fulfilling the necessities of the clients by giving them thorough insights into the Market. The various providers involved in the value chain of the product include manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, intermediaries, and customers.The reports provide Insightful information to the clients enhancing their basic leadership capacity identified.Exclusive information offered in this report is collected by analysis and trade consultants.

Global cosmetic skin care market is set to witness a substantial CAGR of 5.5% in the forecast period of 2019- 2026.

Cosmetic skin care is a variety of products which are used to improve the skins appearance and alleviate skin conditions. It consists different products such as anti- aging cosmetic products, sensitive skin care products, anti- scar solution products, warts removal products, infant skin care products and other. They contain various ingredients which are beneficial for the skin such as phytochemicals, vitamins, essential oils, and other. Their main function is to make the skin healthy and repair the skin damages.Get PDF Samplecopy(including TOC, Tables, and Figures) @https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/request-a-sample/?dbmr=global-cosmetic-skin-care-market

Thestudy considers the Cosmetic Skin CareMarketvalue and volume generated from the sales of the following segments:Major Marketmanufacturerscovered in the Cosmetic Skin CareMarketare:LOral, Unilever, New Avon Company, Este Lauder Companies, Espa, Kao Corporation, Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc., Procter & Gamble, Beiersdorf, THE BODY SHOP INTERNATIONAL LIMITED, Shiseido Co.,Ltd., Coty Inc., Bo International, A One Cosmetics Products, Lancme, Clinique Laboratories, llc., Galderma Laboratories, L.P., AVON Beauty Products India Pvt Ltd, Nutriglow Cosmetics Pvt. Ltd, Shree Cosmetics Ltd

By Product

By Application

By Gender

By Distribution Channel

Get Table of Contents with Charts, Figures & Tables @https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/toc/?dbmr=global-cosmetic-skin-care-market

Based on regions, the Cosmetic Skin CareMarketis classified into North America, Europe, Asia- Pacific, Middle East & Africa, and Latin AmericaMiddle East and Africa (GCC Countries and Egypt)North America (United States, Mexico, and Canada)South America(Brazil, Argentina etc.)Europe(Turkey, Germany, Russia UK, Italy, France, etc.)Asia-Pacific(Vietnam, China, Malaysia, Japan, Philippines, Korea, Thailand, India, Indonesia, and Australia)

Market Drivers:

Market Restraints:

Key Developments in the Market:

Key Benefits for Cosmetic Skin CareMarket:

Enquire Here For Discount Or Cosmetic Skin CareMarket Report Customization@https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/inquire-before-buying/?dbmr=global-cosmetic-skin-care-market

About Us:Data Bridge Marketresearch endeavors to provide appropriate solutions to the complex business challenges and initiates an effortless decision-making process Data Bridge set forth itself as an unconventional and neoteric Marketresearch and consulting firm with unparalleled level of resilience and integrated approaches. We are determined to unearth the best Marketopportunities and foster efficient information for your business to thrive in the Market.We ponder into the heterogeneous Markets in accord with our clients needs and scoop out the best possible solutions and detailed information about the Markettrends. Data Bridge delves into the Markets across Asia, North America, South America, Africa to name few.

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Global Cosmetic Skin Care Market Updates, Future Growth, Business Prospects, Forthcoming Developments by Forecast to 2026 - 3rd Watch News

Spending extra time indoors (and separated from our typical grooming resources) has shifted our focus to the few aesthetic things we can control, like doubling down on our skin care routine.

Perhaps thats why Marissa Collections has seen an increase in demand for Vintners Daughter, a beauty line founded by Naples native and third-generation winemaker April Gargiulo. During times of stress, self-care is the one thing people can do for themselves to give that balance, since they cant go to a hair salon or their favorite shop, says Laura Pangallo, Marissa Collections jewelry and beauty sales manager.

Vintners Daughter has experienced a meteoric rise since it launched in 2013, as one of the pioneering names in the clean-beauty movementa shift away from using chemical-ridden products and toward embracing simpler, plant-based skin care routines.

Marissa Collections started carrying the line three years ago, when Pangallo began noticing an uptick of natural skin care brands entering the market. With its local connection, Vintners Daughter was a natural fit for Naples. Garguilo, whose parents still live here part-time and are trustees of the Naples Children & Education Foundation, grew up with the shops CEO, Jay Hartington. Many members of the team also use the products and attest to their effectiveness. One thing thats unique is that Vintners Daughter doesnt have 20 or 30 products; they have two, and they make them well, and they really work, Pangallo says. Im a skin care junkie, and when I started using the essence, I instantly noticed the difference.

Gargiulo has been called the sommelier of skin care and her award-winning seruma face oil infused with 22 nutrient-rich botanicals, including skin-firming cypress from Spain and pore-shrinking hazelnut from Piedmontis what she considers to be her desert island, holy grail skin product.

Eight years ago, when Gargiulo was pregnant with her first daughter and working with her familys eponymous winery in California, she started examining the labels of the luxury products she was slathering on her face. She was shocked that only 0.01% of what was in the bottles contained active ingredients (those that address the targeted issue)the rest were filler. For me, luxury was far more than a price tag, and the only thing luxurious about these products was the price, she says.

At the time, face oils hadnt become mainstream and the 10-step Korean skin care routine was still popular. I thought if you were using natural, you had to compromise, she admits. She was eager to keep her body and family clear from toxins, but none of the chemical-free products she found were powerful enough to address her lifelong struggle with acne and discoloration and the onset of wrinkles she started to experience in her 30s.

Working with a seasoned formulator, Gargiulo spent the next two years developing the formula for her liquid gold serum. It would be another four years before shed release a second product, the Active Treatment Essence, which launched last year.

Labs she met with initially, when she was developing the serum, turned her away. They were put off by her proposition for a beauty product that would take three weeks (instead of the standard six hours) to produce. Im coming from winemaking, where youre thinking of the grapes and where theyre grown, and it takes three years to make a bottle of wine, she says. I thought three weeks was nothing. Another hitch? Instead of relying on the usual mix of chemicals and extracts, her formula required whole plantsall sourced from growers with generations of experience.

Napa Valleys winemaking culture motivated her to push onward when she was rejected by labs and retailers. Over the past 60 to 70 years, really audacious men and women put Napa Valley on the map for the finest wines in the world, and the passion it took is something that I still look to for inspiration, Gargiulo says.

The launch presented a revelation for the beauty industry. With no marketing dollars spent, editors, celebs and name-brand aestheticians flocked to this brand that had a singular product, doled out in tiny, unassuming, matte black bottles, retailing for $185. Whether they were looking to tackle pore size or reduce fine lines, early adopters found the serum actually worked across generations, skin types and for various issues.

Every dimension of the productfrom the tiny particle size, which allows the serum to better penetrate the skin, to the ratios usedis thought out to effectively target skin concerns. The serum still takes three weeks to make, a process that includes extracting every nutrient the plant has to offer.

Gargiulo took her time in developing the brands second product. The essencea primer applied to clean skin to boost hydration and the serums other effectstakes five weeks to make. The ingredients are fermented for better absorption and to deliver antioxidant-rich prebiotics and probiotics. Added plant stem cells and hyaluronic acid help the skin produce more collagen and hydrate at the deepest level.

For now, the 45-year-old skin care guru is perfectly happy selling the two products, which combine for a two-step process that promises to brighten, tighten and protect skin. The prescription? Pat on the essence, then press a few drops of the serum onto your skin, followed by sunscreen during the day.

At the beginning of the coronavirus outbreak, like so many of us, Gargiulo turned to her beauty products as a way to de-stress. She was loading up on masks and applying products multiple times a day, only to find her acne-prone skin flared up. The experience nudged her back to her baseline. I was like, April, what are you thinking? You know better, she says. After years of winemaking, she knows that higher quality and a smaller yield always offers you better results.

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Seed to Skin - Gulfshore Life

Jul 4th 2020

Editors note: Each of these climate-change articles is fiction, but grounded in historical fact and real science. The year, concentration of carbon dioxide and average temperature rise (above pre-industrial average) are shown for each one. The scenarios do not present a unified narrative but are set in different worlds, with a range of climate sensitivities, on different emissions pathways

IN THE LATE 1980s Michael Crichton, a novelist and filmmaker, had a lucrative idea. He picked up on the work of Allan Wilson, a geneticist at the University of California, Berkeley, and let his imagination run riot. Wilson had extracted DNA from an extinct type of zebra called a quagga. The DNA in question was fragmented, and the extinction of the quagga only a century in the past, but that did not matter. Crichton speculated about recovering far older DNA than the quaggas by looking in the guts of bloodsucking insects preserved in amber that had formed millions of years ago, during the age of the dinosaurs. If the insects had been feasting on dinosaurs, he mused, they might have preserved those creatures DNA. And if you have somethings DNA you could, perhaps, recreate it. The result was Jurassic Park.

Sadly, there is no sign of any real DNA having been preserved from that far back in the past. But be a bit less ambitious in your time-travelling, and apply the three decades worth of biotechnological advances that have happened since Jurassic Park was published to the question of how you might go forward from here, and the aspiration of recreating at least some prehistoric creatures no longer seems completely fanciful. It may, moreover, be of practical importance, because one animal the de-extinctionists have in their sights is the woolly mammoth. And some people believe that reintroducing mammoths into the wild would make a change to the ecology of Earths northern reaches sufficiently large as to help curb global warming.

This, then, is the idea behind the Harvard Woolly Mammoth Revival Project, run by George Church. Unlike the long-dead dinosaurs in Jurassic Park, mammoths were present on Earth as recently as 4,000 years ago. That, and the fact that many of the parts of the world in which they lived are still pretty chilly, means quite a lot of mammoth DNA remains reasonably intact in frozen corpses recovered from the tundraenough for palaeogeneticists to have reconstructed the animals genome. And with a genome, as Crichton mused, you can aspire to produce an animal.

Mammoths are a species of elephant. This helps because two (or, according to some taxonomists, three) other species of these animals remain alive today to provide assistance to the mammoth-revivers. Though African elephants (one species, or possibly two) are closer in size to mammoths than their Asian cousins are, genetics show that the Asian variety are mammoths closest living relatives, so it is they that are the focus of Dr Churchs research.

People once fantasised about cloning a mammoth directly, from cells or cell nuclei somehow revived from a fossil specimen. Dr Churchs approach is less ambitious and more realistic. It is to engineer the crucial elements of mammothness into Asian-elephant cells and then use these modified cells to create beasts which have the characteristics of mammoths, even if they are not strictly the real thing.

The technology that may make this possible is CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, which permits precise changes to be made at particular places in an existing genome. In the case of mammoths the task does not, at first sight, seem too hard. An Asian elephants genome is 99.96% similar to a mammoths. Unfortunately, the 0.04% of difference amounts to about 1.4m places in the genome where the genetic letters of the DNA message differ between the species. Most of these differences are, admittedly, in places where they probably do not matter. But there are 2,020 exceptions which, collectively, change the nature of 1,642 genesabout 6.5% of the total. It is these differences that make mammoths and Asian elephants distinct.

Dr Churchs team are therefore concentrating on mammothising what they perceive to be the most pertinent of these genomic locations. They are tweaking the genes of laboratory-grown Asian-elephant skin cells one at a time, focusing on changes they hope will promote mammoths famed hairiness, their propensity to store layers of fat beneath their skin, their cold-adapted haemoglobin and even the protein molecules in their cell membranes that act as channels for the passage of sodium ions, and which are also adapted to the cold. Whether they also tinker with genes for size is, for now at least, undecided.

The teams hope, once enough mammothness has been engendered into these cells, is that they can then be induced, by what is now a well-established laboratory procedure, to turn from being skin cells into stem cells. A stem cell is one that has the developmental plasticity needed to give rise to all sorts of other cells as it multiplies. In the short term, this approach will let Dr Church and his colleagues grow tissues such as blood, for further study. In the longer term, perhaps using an artificial womb, a stem cell of this sort might be grown into an embryo that can be brought to term. Not quite a true mammoth. But not a bad imitation.

That is all a huge technical challenge. But it is not completely fanciful. And success would usher in the second part of the plan: to liberate groups of newly created mammothoids into the wild, and let them multiply and change the Earth. This is the long-held dream of another group of researchers, led by Sergey Zimov, who runs the Russian Academy of Sciences Northeast Scientific Station, near Cherskii. Not only is it an attractive idea in its own rightfor who could resist the idea of mammoths once again thundering over Siberia?but it might also alter the climate for the better.

Dr Zimovs plan is a grand project of biogeoengineering. Recreated mammoths are the boldest part of his aspiration to revive the grassland-steppe ecosystem that dominated Siberia until the arrival there of human beings, about 30,000 years ago. It had more or less disappeared by about 10,000 years ago, the end of the Pleistocene epoch, to be replaced by the modern tundra, which is dominated by moss and small trees.

This shift in vegetation was, Dr Zimov and his colleagues believe, a result of the extinction or near-extinction at that time of most of the areas large herbivore species. This was almost certainly a consequence of hunting by human beings. Where once there were woolly rhinoceros, musk ox, bison, saiga, yaks, wild horses and mammoths, there now remain only reindeer and elk. The hooves of those vast herds of herbivores were, he believes, the crucial factor stopping the spread of moss at the expense of grass. And the crashing bulk and appetites of the largest speciesmammoths in particularwould have dealt with young trees before they could grow up, as is still the case for elephants in what remains of Africas savannah. The loss of the grassland, climate modelling suggests, propelled an increase in temperature.

One factor driving this change was that forest and moss are darker than grassland. Their spread has therefore increased the amount of sunlight absorbed by the area they are growing in, causing warming.

A second factor was that large animals helped maintain the soil in the perpetually frozen state known as permafrost, by churning up the winter snowfall and thus bringing the soil into contact with the freezing winter air. But without them, the snow instead forms an insulating blanket that allows the soil beneath to warm up. And when permafrost melts, the organic matter in it breaks down, releasing methane and carbon dioxideboth greenhouse gases.

The third pertinent effect is that grass sequesters carbon in the soil in its roots. In Arctic habitats it would do this better than the small, sparse trees now present, and much better than moss, a type of plant that has no roots. Carbon stored this way is thus kept out of the atmosphere where, in the form of carbon dioxide, it would contribute to global warming. When the grass disappeared, the storage capacity did, too.

All these things point to the idea that restoring the Siberian grasslands at the expense of the tundra would be a good thing to do. And Dr Zimov has indeed made a start at doing so, in an area of tundra, covering 160 square kilometres (62 square miles), near his research station. In 1988 he enclosed part of this area and has gradually populated it with reindeer, Yakutian horses, elk, bison, musk ox, yaks, Kalmykian cows and sheep. These coexist with several species of predator, including lynx, wolverines and brown bears. He calls this rewilding project Pleistocene Park, and thinks it would benefit greatly from having a few mammoths, or even mammoth substitutes, in it as well.

Pleistocene Park is an experiment, but it seems to be working. Grasses now dominate large parts of it, carbon storage in the soil is going up and the rate of nutrient turnover is increasing, too. This last point is important because a faster turnover of nutrients means more animals can be supported by a given areaa prerequisite for re-establishing large herds.

Clearly, for Dr Zimovs project to have any effect on the climate it would have to be carried out on a grand scale. The Northeast Siberian coastal tundra, to give the area of habitat in which Pleistocene Park is located its proper name, covers about 850,000 square kilometres, so the park is, at the moment, a mere pinprick. It would also take many decades, even without the complication of introducing as-yet-imaginary mammothoids into the mix.

Expansive though the tundra is, however, whether that effect will be large enough to weigh in the scales of a planet-sized problem is a matter of debate. The models suggest that the global temperature rise brought about by the shift from steppe to tundra was a bit over 0.1C. Reversing this shift would, presumably, push the temperature down by a similar amount. That, as Chris Field of Stanford University, in California, who was one of the modellers, points out, would help stabilise the climate, provided global temperature rises above preindustrial levels can be kept, by other means, below 1.5-2C, the objective agreed in Paris in 2015. But if the rise were much greater than this, he thinks the permafrost would melt anywaymammoths or no.

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This article appeared in the The World If section of the print edition under the headline "Doing the tundra quick-steppe"

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What if mammoths are brought back from extinction? - The Economist

The unwanted side effects include blisters, scabbing, hyperpigmentation, and hypopigmentation. Of some comfort: Pigmentation issues aren't always permanent. If you get it, let your doctor know right away and use a little cortisone 1% cream on the area, says Marmur. Keep it out of the sun and heat, and apply a cool compress ASAP.

If you're predisposed to hyperpigmentation, your dermatologist may even make a preemptive strike. For patients with darker skin types, we apply over-the-counter hydrocortisone 1% cream in the office to minimize inflammation and the risk of darkening of skin, or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation," says Kim. "We recommend applying the cream twice daily to the affected areas for three to five days.

It largely varies, since the lasers themselves have gotten better over the years. I've had patients who were able to tolerate the treatment without any numbing, and patients who experienced some pain even with topical anesthesia, says Kim. (I, a baby, prefer to spend an hour with numbing cream and have never felt a thing.)

Marmur compares the laser beam to a zinging feeling, similar to a needle prick. She's a fan of contact cooling systems, as they blunt the heat created as the laser beam (which is light energy) converts into heat. Plus, they offer enough cooling to minimize any damage caused to surrounding skin, reducing the risk of hyperpigmentation.

Certain pain-reducing methods, like suctions and contact cooling, are often built into the lasers. There is a new laser by Lumenis called Splendor that is very effective and significantly more comfortable than other existing lasers, and I have had great success with it, says Kim. Because this laser is much more comfortable, I have been able to treat almost all patients without any topical numbing cream which significantly reduces the waiting time for the patients as well.

Since laser hair removal heats up your skin as it blasts your hair follicles, it's important to cool it back down afterward to avoid side effects like redness. We often give people cold gauze in Ziploc bags, says Marmur. If you're getting in a car, put on the air conditioning and stay in a cool place for a bit, or take a cool shower afterward.

Marmur sends her patients home with a cooling serum, the Marmur Metamorphosis MMRevive Serum. You could also try Avne Cicalfate Restorative Protective Cream, which soothes with a combination of barrier-repairing ingredients and probiotics.

Avoiding sun exposure and wearing sunscreen is also a must, as sunlight can kick-start hyperpigmentation. Kim recommends wearing a minimum of SPF 30. Got another session coming up? Patients should not wax, pluck, or thread the treated areas in between treatments, because it's essential for the hair follicles to be intact in order for the treatments to be effective at the next session," he says.

If we're being technical, laser hair removal is something of a misnomer. It's more like laser hair reduction, says Marmur. That's because you have two types of hair: vellus hairs, which are fine baby hairs, and terminal hairs, which are more coarse. The vellus baby hairs get affected by hormones and convert to terminal hairs throughout your life, she says.

So you may do laser hair removal at 18, but by 30, you might have new growth coming in. It's just nature doing its thing. That being said, once a hair follicle root is dead, it's dead forever.

Always make sure you're going to a board-certified dermatologist or reputable practitionerthis isn't a procedure you want to cut corners on just because you found a good discount online. And don't be afraid to ask for a consultation ahead of an appointment to discuss the procedure. As for during your appointment, you'll want to make sure both you and your practitioner have safety goggles on while the laser is in process.

At-home laser hair removal devices also exist, but they're generally less effective (meaning it will take much longer to see results), and theres more room for error as the beam is less specific. This is why experts generally suggest going in-office for the procedure.

Laser hair removal costs an average of $285 for one session, according to the latest stats from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, but some treatments can run up to $1,500 per session. That's because the cost varies widely according to a number of factors, such as the size of the area you're treating, the provider's expertise, and where you're located. Just remember: Any treatment that seems too affordable to be true often is.

Read more:
Is Laser Hair Removal Worth the Cost and Hassle? What to Know - Glamour

Overview:

Breast implants are artificial prosthesis used for enhancement of breast muscles for a cosmetic reason. Breast augmentation or breast reconstruction refers to the aesthetic treatment of the breast to look more youthful and appealing. There are a wide range of breast implants used in performing aesthetic procedures including those used to treat deformities, injuries, or damages.

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Breast reconstruction requires tissue expanders, which help in the expansion of breast muscles and skin, followed by the permanent insertion of a breast implant after the removal of the tissue expander. These procedures improve symmetry after mastectomy and have an aesthetic appearance. The US is the major revenue contributor to this market. However, the lack of reimbursement issues may restrict the market growth. The vendors in this market are striving to address the issues by conducting evidence-based studies regarding the efficacy of breast augmentation or reconstruction.

Market Analysis:

The global breast implants market is expected to witness a CAGR of 5.89% during the forecast period 20172023. The global breast implants market size is analyzed based on three segments product type, end-users, and regions.

Factors, such as increase in beauty consciousness, growing awareness about reconstructive breast surgeries, favorable demographics across the globe, increasing aging population, are expected to drive the market growth during the forecast period. The market is witnessing emerging trends, such as an increase in the demand of composite breast implant treatments, a rise in medical tourism, and an increase in the disposable income, which will drive the market at a significant pace during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis:

The regions covered in the report are North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World (ROW). The Americas is the leading region for the breast implants market growth followed by Europe. Asia Pacific and ROW are set to be the emerging regions. Brazil is the most attractive market in Latin America, the popularity and the usage of breast implants are expected to rise significantly in the coming years.

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Product Analysis:

Silicone and saline breast implants are the most popular among breast augmentation and reconstruction procedures and the most common surgical aesthetic procedures among end-users. Silicone breast implants dominated the market with a revenue of $1 billion in 2016 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6% during the forecast period. The saline breast implants segment is growing at a slow rate and is far behind the silicone breast implants segment in terms of market growth. This is due to their low adoption rate and few other complications. In 2016, there were about 64,674 saline surgical breast implants, and these implants are more prone to rippling as they have less firmness.

On an average, women have started spending $300-500 billion a year on beauty products. Moreover, advances in technology, such as use of microspheres in lightweight breast implants and the use of stem cells, are gaining popularity as a safe and simple method of breast augmentation. Furthermore, the market is also witnessing various mergers, acquisitions, and collaborations among the top players, which is defining the future of the global breast implants market.

The major products in the market include:

Key Players:

The market is fragmented with many players but dominated by the top 5 players. Allergan, Mentor Worldwide, GC Aesthetics, and Sientra hold more than 85% of the market share in the total global breast implants market.

Pure play players:

POLYTECH Health & Aesthetics GmbH, GROUPE SEBBIN SAS, Establishment Labs S.A., HansBiomed Co. Ltd, CEREPLAS, LABORATOIRES ARION, Ideal Implant, Guangzhou Wanhe Plastic Materials Co., Ltd., Silimed, G&G Biotechnology Ltd, Shanghai Kangning Medical Supplies Ltd, and Implantech Associates Inc.

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Competitive Analysis:

The global breast implants market is fragmented and has immense growth opportunities for the vendors, especially in the developed regions. The presence of large, small, and local vendors in the market creates high competition. The market is dominated by Allergan, Mentor Worldwide, GC Aesthetics, and Sientra. These vendors are consolidating their position in the market by acquiring smaller companies, expanding their business operations by leveraging their product portfolio across the globe. The competitive environment in the market will intensify further with an increase in product/service extensions, product innovations, and M&A. They form strategic alliances for marketing and manufacturing of breast implants.

Benefits:

The report provides complete details about the usage and adoption rate of breast implants for breast augmentation or reconstruction. This helps the key stakeholders to know about the major trends, drivers, investments, vertical players initiatives, and adoption rate in the upcoming years along with the details of pure play companies entering the market. Moreover, the report provides details about the major challenges that are going to impact the market growth. Additionally, the report gives complete details about key business opportunities to key stakeholders to expand their business, improve their revenue, and to analyze the market before investing or expanding the business in this market.

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Breast Implants Market Growth Opportunities Created by Covid19 Outbreak - Cole of Duty