When youre diagnosed with lung cancer, the next step will likely be to have a type of genetic test called next-generation sequencing, explains Keith Eaton, MD, PhD, an oncologist at Seattle Cancer Care Alliance and a professor of oncology at the University of Washington School of Medicine. This helps doctors know if the cancer tumors have mutations or alterations that are known to drive cancer growths, he says.

Among the many possible mutations is one on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. If you test positive for that, it means you have EGFR-positive NSCLC.

EGFR is a protein found on the surface of both healthy and cancer cells. When the protein is damaged because of a genetic mutation, it doesnt perform the way it should, causing rapid cell growth and helping the cancer spread.

Although there are more than 70 different EGFR mutations in NSCLC, most are caused by alterations in exon 19 and exon 21, with exon 18 and exon 20 mutations being less common and more difficult to treat.

Once genetic testing has determined that you have an EGFR mutation, and identified the specific type, your oncologist may prescribe a targeted drug therapy to help slow the growth of cancer cells. Although these drugs wont cure your lung cancer, they can help slow progression of the disease and delay the onset of serious symptoms.

Link:
Targeted Therapies for EGFR+ NSCLC - Everyday Health

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