Genetic testing looks for changes in a person's genes, chromosomes, or in the levels of certain important proteins.

Types of genetic tests include:

Once the DNA is separated out, scientists hunt for the gene along the DNA strand to see if it looks abnormal.

Another type of chromosome test, called FISH analysis (fluorescent in situ hybridization), can find small changes in the chromosomes that may be missed by the karyotype.

A newer type of chromosome test is called array CGH. It is a very sensitive test and can also find small changes in the chromosomes.

You may find companies offering home genetics testing kits on the Internet. These do-it-yourself test kits have not been proven to be accurate, and they may not even be testing for what they claim to be. You should talk to a genetics professional before you purchase or use this type of kit.

Sources:

"What Is Genetic Testing?" About Genetic Services. 19 Mar 2004. GeneTests. 21 Jan 2008

Burton, Jess, & Jon Turney. The Rough Guide to Genes & Cloning. London: Rough Guides Ltd., 2007.

"Frequently Asked Questions About Genetic Testing." Genetics and Genomics for Patients and the Public. 17 Dec 2007. National Human Genome Research Institute. 21 Jan 2008

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What Is Genetic Testing -- Information About Genetic Testing

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