Diet culture is the water we're all swimming in. Its a system that upholds thinness and says the smaller your body, the greater your moral superiority. But theres no body shape thats intrinsically good or bad.

Host Anita Rao unpacks the science that props up diet culture with anti-diet registered dietician Christy Harrison and certified internal medicine physician Dr. Louise Metz. She also hears from Mirna Valerio, ultrarunner and author of A Beautiful Work in Progress, about how shes pushing back against the ways diet culture manifests in the doctor's office and on the trails.

Also joining the conversation are Ilya Parker, owner of Decolonizing Fitness, and Natalia Petrzela, associate professor of history at The New School, to talk about the history of fitness culture and its intersections with diet culture.

10 important lessons to take away about diet culture

1. Diet culture is rooted in racism and misogyny.

Early evolutionary biologists who were working around [the 1800s] started to point to fatness as a mark of evolutionary inferiority, says Christy Harrison, registered dietician and author of "Anti-Diet: Reclaim Your Time, Money, Well-Being, and Happiness Through Intuitive Eating."

This thinking has been used to justify the oppression of people considered to have excess body fat, including women and people of color.

2. Body Mass Index (BMI) wasnt meant to be used as an indicator of health.

In fact, this method of determining ones body mass wasnt even invented by a medical professional.

It was actually originally created by a Belgian astronomer in the 1830s, says Dr. Louise Metz, an internal medicine physician based in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. It was designed for populations not for individuals and was not designed to define health in any way.

3. Its impossible to determine someones health or fitness based on the way they look.

Just ask Mirna Valerio, creator of the blog Fat Girl Running, who frequently fields concerns about her larger size despite the fact that she trains for marathons on a near-daily basis.

The questions are always there on people's faces, Valerio says of the weight stigma she encounters on the trail. The questions about whether I really do the things that I say that I do because I'm still fat, despite the fact that I've done 14 ultramarathons and 10 marathons.

4. Medical fatphobia prevents people of all sizes from receiving adequate healthcare.

For those in larger bodies, the prevalence of medical fatphobia means doctors can be quick to attribute their symptoms to their weight a phenomenon that causes them to rule out other and often more insidious explanations.

The same goes for someone in a smaller body, says Metz. If we assume they are healthy based on their body, we will misdiagnose a high number of people who have metabolic conditions.

5. Medical fatphobia means you can also be denied treatment based on your size.

Ilya Parker, physical therapist assistant and founder of Decolonizing Fitness, describes the experience of being denied gender-affirming treatment as a result of weight stigma: I experienced a lot of medical gatekeeping from my primary care physicians, who were literally refusing to initiate gender-affirming care or refer me to an endocrinologist, which is who I needed to see to receive hormone replacement therapy.

6. Diet culture has always been about money, not health.

At the turn of the century, many doctors took their cues from the burgeoning life insurance industry when deciding which bodies posed the highest financial risk. According to Harrison, doctors at the time began encouraging patients to lose weight as a way of supposedly reducing health risks, but really, it was about reducing monetary risks from the insurance industry.

7. Intentional weight loss is rarely permanent

We see in the research that up to 98% of the time when people embark on weight loss efforts, they end up regaining all the weight they lost within five years, says Harrison. In fact, up to two-thirds of people who embark on weight loss efforts may regain more weight than they lost.

8. Language used in fitness spaces perpetuates transphobia.

Based on his own experiences of being a transmasculine participant in group exercise classes, Parker urges fellow fitness instructors and trainers to reconsider their gendered language.

It's countless group classes that I've been in where language was so important, especially when you're like: Hey, guys can only do this exercise, ladies can only do this exercise. And then also making the assumption that you know who's in the room.

9. Diet culture claims that fatness is un-American.

Historian Natalia Petrzela traces this connection back to the 1950s, when physical fitness began to be touted as a key component of American citizenship. [Politicians] spoke of this in unapologetically fat-shaming ways, Petrzela says. I mean, JFK gives this big talk about the soft American and how an American who is physically soft is a national liability.

10. You can decline to be weighed at the doctors office.

Let your provider know that you would like medical care from a Health at Every Size perspective, says Metz. And if you do not want to discuss weight or weight management at your visit, then you have the right to ask for that.

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Deconstructing diet culture: Lessons unlearned from a thin-obsessed society - WUNC

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