Withholding treatment with puberty blockers doesnt save young trans people from making irreversible decisions, writes Sage Brice It just denies them the chance to explore their natural doubts and uncertainties in a safe and supportive environment.

I recently interviewed Jacob, a young transmasculine dad, about his experience of pausing his testosterone treatment to conceive a child with his husband.

Reproductive futures can be a painful topic for trans people. Its also a popular focus for anti-trans campaigners, who argue that gender-affirming medical treatment denies trans young people the right to have genetically-related children later in life.

In a recent case brought against the Tavistock Trust the only NHS service providing gender-related care to young people in England High Court judges ruled that children under 16 were unlikely to be able to give informed consent for medical treatments relating to their gender.

The centres gender identity development service, which has just been rated inadequate by the Care Quality Commission (CQC), has long been struggling under an unmanageable caseload with insufficient funding and resources. Now it is caught between critics from both sides trans advocates claim it is not doing enough to help trans young people, while so-called gender critical campaigners are doing everything they can to stop it in its tracks.

The fear that young people might make hasty, irreversible medical decisions which could harm their future ability to have children makes for a compelling and relatable story. Its easy for an uninformed reader to pick up this concern without thinking to question the reality behind it.

But treatment with puberty-blockers (see box-out) is safe and reversible, and far from being a conveyor belt, the assessment process is already not only rigorous, but hampered by severe delays.

Adding additional legal obstacles to this process will make timely treatment even less accessible. Children and families have been plunged into despair since this unexpected ruling on the Tavistock Trust took away their hope of access to medical care.

Under NHS policy, young people who experience gender dysphoria, and who have begun puberty, may be prescribed puberty blockers as one stage in a therapeutic process, following a period of assessment and exploration. These are temporary, reversible treatments which are routinely prescribed for children and young people experiencing premature and distressing puberty.

For trans young people facing what feels like the wrong puberty, it can seem like the clock is ticking too fast. Blockers buythem some time to mature, explore, and make informed decisions about their futures without undergoing lasting, irreversible changes. From the age of 17 onwards, they can choose to stop treatment allowing delayed puberty to occur as normal or progress onto feminising or masculinising hormones. These, too, are partially reversible, but the decision has implications for parenting, because a person cannot become fertile and conceive if their body has not gone through a puberty that aligns with their reproductive anatomy.

Read more about puberty blockers:

I spoke to Jo Maugham of the Good Law Project who is supporting a teenage boys legal challenge to the NHS over unethical delays, which can range from 18 months to four years for a service, which should legally be provided within 18 weeks.

Withholding puberty blockers, or imposing a long waiting time is like having a five-month waiting list for abortion, Jo told me. Its not delaying treatment, its effectively denying it.

Linking this case to wider questions of reproductive justice is not mere speculation. The lawyer acting against Tavistock has a substantial portfolio of anti-abortion cases, including a failed legal challenge to prevent pregnant under-16s accessing abortion without parental knowledge.

The key thrust of the Tavistock case, however, is the argument that gender-questioning young people who go on from puberty-blockers to cross-sex hormones or surgery might hypothetically, later in life, regret their transition and their inability to conceive.

Underlying this approach is an unspoken belief that being trans is not a real thing, but a fad which society collectively should not indulge, Jo stresses. And that assumption is fundamentally transphobic.

Jos fear is that by not providing a supportive and well thought-through pathway, the NHS risks driving young people to self-administer medication procured from poorly-regulated suppliers, and without access to therapy, monitoring for safety and potential side effects, or the opportunity to make informed choices about their reproductive futures.

In this scenario, young people end up making difficult decisions alone, unsupported, and more quickly than they might have done with appropriate guidance.

If we are concerned for reproductive futures, then obstructing access to gender-affirmative healthcare is counterproductive. In practice, creating a hostile environment for trans healthcare destroys the parenting dreams of many trans people and their partners, of all ages.

For one thing, trans people frequently lack access to timely and accurate health information when starting out on our various journeys. As Ailbhe emphasised in a previous interview, medical information and support should be available to us so that we can live our lives and not continue to feel alienated, pathologised, and dysphoric.

In most cases, we end up educating our healthcare providers, rather than the other way round. For example, many GPs dont know that in certain circumstances they can prescribe temporary hormone treatment to trans people waiting for their GIC diagnosis.

This is a problem when what we dont know can hurt us as is sometimes the case with reproductive side effects of transition. Trans people are often required to live openly in their preferred gender for a year or more before doctors will consider medical treatment such as hormone management. To fulfil this requirement, many trans women and transfeminine people, for example, tuck our genitals so as to prevent a visible front bulge.

This can be necessary in order to feel safe, comfortable and dignified under public scrutiny, or to alleviate feelings of dysphoria. What many women dont know until too late, however, is that the process can significantly impact fertility.

NHS guidelines acknowledge that hormone management can compromise fertility, and recommend that trans women should be able to access cryopreservation of gametes (sperm or eggs) prior to treatment. In practice, this service is rarely authorised by local funding bodies.

Madeleine, a freelance stage manager in Bristol, was refused cryopreservation when she was 17. Although she eventually accessed an alternative service, this meant a ten-month delay to starting hormones, at a critical time in her life. Sian, a student, ended up going private for cryopreservation, which was not only expensive but involved coming off hormones, with a long delay while she searched for a (relatively) affordable clinic.

Even where this policy is respected, however, a formal diagnosis is required to access the treatment on the NHS. Even in the best case scenario (that is, disregarding the years-long delays currently affecting GIC services), this effectively ensures that a trans woman will likely have incurred damage at least a year prior to becoming formally eligible for treatment.

For trans men and transmasculine people, the prevailing medical approach has long assumed that medical transition automatically involves a hysterectomy (removing the womb). While for some this surgery is a desired outcome, for others it is an unnecessary invasive operation that makes pregnancy impossible.

Underlying this approach is an unspoken belief that being trans is not a real thing, but a fad which society collectively should not indulge

There is no medical imperative to remove the dormant uterus unless a complication develops a relatively rare occurrence. Instead, this unofficial policy seems to arise from outdated binary ideas about sex and gender.

The growing number of trans fathers who like Jacob choose to carry and birth their own children shows that this is nonsense. It is important for trans and non-binary people to be supported in reviewing all options and making informed choices when considering medical transition. This applies, regardless what age a person begins their transition journey.

In fact, if young peoples reproductive futures are the priority, then making life difficult for those who want to access gender-affirming medical care may have the opposite of the desired effect. Creating a hostile, suspicious environment for trans young people puts excessive pressure on them to take up and defend a definite, fixed and binary position about their identities and desires for the future.

Knowing its going to take all youve got to fight for access to healthcare may be a deterrent for the fainthearted, but for most of us all it does is deny us the chance to explore our natural doubts and uncertainties in a safe and supportive environment.

This is part of the Struggle for trans healthcare equality mini-series, looking at issues affecting local transgender, nonbinary and gender-diverse (trans) communities, driven by peoples lived experiences.

Read more:
'Puberty blockers are safe and reversible. So why do campaigners want to deny access to them?' - The Bristol Cable

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

When selecting between an adjuvant targeted therapy or immunotherapy for a patient with melanoma, its important to consider several factors, including the biologic behavior of the tumor, any comorbidities, toxicities, and patient concerns, according to Reinhard Dummer, MD.

Promising long-term data with targeted approaches have indicated that this class of agents improves progression-free survival (PFS) and distant metastases-free survival (MFS), according to Dummer. However, this approach is not without toxicities. Several patients experience grade 3 adverse effects (AEs), such as pyrexia, which could lead to treatment discontinuation. Notably, however, many of these toxicities will resolve once the treatment is stopped.

Although immunotherapies have been shown to have less grade 3 or 4 toxicities, some of the effects experienced with this approach may become a lifelong burden. Additionally, because these agents require patients to come into the clinic for treatment, safety challenges are presented in light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, noted Dummer.

Generally, AEs are rare [with this approach], but there is a class of AEs that do not resolve. [One] example [of this are the], endocrine toxicities like a reduction of [thyroid] hormone production, said Dummer. [Younger patients] are concerned that they will require lifelong medications [due to some of these effects]. I mentioned thyroid hormones, which is very common; however, in rare cases, this can also affect insulin production, so that would mean a young patient would experience lifelong diabetes. This is a very serious medical concern.

In an interview with OncLive Dummer, a professor at the University Hospital Zurich and vice-chairman of the Department of Dermatology in the University Hospital of Zrich, Switzerland, shared his approach for selecting between targeted approaches and immunotherapy agents in the adjuvant treatment of patients with melanoma.

Dummer:Melanoma is a very exciting malignancy; its a paradigm for modern treatment developments. Standard approaches, such as chemotherapy or radiation, do not play a role anymore in the treatment of [patients with] advanced disease. We have 2 main developments [that have changed care]: immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Also, in all areas, we are now positioned to use combination therapies. We have a clear indication that in the field of targeted therapy, a combination of a BRAF inhibitor and a MEK inhibitor is, by far, more efficient than monotherapies.

We have similar data [supporting the use of] immunotherapies. Here, we have antiPD-1 monotherapies as a backbone, but findings suggest that a combination of an antiPD-1 inhibitor with ipilimumab [Yervoy] shows more benefit. This is definitely true for patients who have high-risk diseasefor example, those with brain metastases, those who are younger, or those with negative prognostic indicators like elevated lactate dehydrogenase. In these patients, the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab [Opdivo], an antiCTLA-4 [inhibitor] and an antiPD-L1 antibody, make a lot of sense.

The patient population that qualifies for adjuvant therapy is larger than [those who are treated] in palliative settings. In our department, I would assume [that many of] the patients who receive systemic therapy are in the adjuvant setting. This is a huge change in melanoma treatment.

Melanoma is a paradigm [that utilizes] modern medications, especially combination targeted therapy and antiPD-1 monotherapy; these are very well-tolerated treatment options. It is justified to use these medications in patients who have a high risk to develop new metastases. This implies that we are also treating a substantial proportion of patients who do not develop metastases. We are [also] treating patients who are healthy.

We unfortunately do not know who these patients are because even low toxicity should be avoided if you can. It's very important that we invest in the identification of biomarkers that can predict the outcomes of disease to identify the patients who will really profit from adjuvant treatment options.

The first essential point is the presence of aBRAFmutation. In the adjuvant setting, theBRAFmutation is not always evaluable because sometimes the material of the tumors is resected in private practices. [In this case,] it might be difficult to assess the primary tumor. Some of these patients only have very small deposits of tumors in the lymph node, which, for example, during the sentinel node procedure, is completely worked up. In this situation, it might be difficult to have enough material [to effectively assess] molecular biology. One possibility that can be helpful is the use monoclonal antibodies that are specific for theBRAF V600E mutation. This can be substituted in some situations for a molecular analysis.

We then have to understand the benefit and risks of adjuvant therapy. If we focus on the benefits first for adjuvant targeted therapy, we have the longest follow-up time here, with 5-year data. The [findings we have seen] are very encouraging. We [see] a risk reduction in the range of 45% and 50% in terms of PFS and distant MFS. Based on the experience that we have, we can assume that this [benefit] will translate into improved overall survival. If you have a close look at the toxicities, we realize that a substantial proportion of patients have grade 3 AEs which usually include pyrexia; this can cause a lot of discomfort. However, these AEs are clearly related to drug exposure; therefore, if we discontinue the medications, they will disappear. All toxicities with targeted therapy completely resolve, so this is a very encouraging sign.

For immunotherapy, we have less acute grade 3/4 AEs; I would say overall, that the therapy is well tolerated. One of the disadvantages [with this approach] is that these therapies are [delivered via] infusions, so this means the patients have to visit an outpatient clinic regularly. Especially nowadays, with all the concerns over [exposure to the] COVID-19, this is a disadvantage. Mostly, AEs are rare [with this approach], but some of them do not resolve.

We talk about all these advantages and disadvantages when we suggest therapies; this is especially true nowadays, when we see medical issues associated with COVID-19 and as [more] information on the risk of diabetes and, in rare indications, cardiomyocytes during immunotherapy [emerges]. More often, younger patients decide to go for a targeted therapy because of these [reasons].

Original post:
Deciding Between Adjuvant Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy in BRAF+ Melanoma - OncLive

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Ian Richardson|Des Moines Register

What will the Iowa Legislature focus on in 2021?

Iowa's legislators discuss some of the topics they plan to address in the 2021 session.

Des Moines Register, Des Moines Register

Iowa House Republicans advanced a bill Tuesday that would require physicians to provide women seeking medication-induced abortions informationabout reversing thepillseffectsinformation that critics say isunproven and scientifically disputed.

The bill,House File 53, would require doctors to provide patients with information of the risks associated with a medication-induced abortion and notify them"that it may be possible to reverse the intended effects of a medication abortion if the woman changes her mind," but "that time is of the essence."

Republicans and anti-abortion groups said the measure would provide full disclosure to women who may regret taking the first doseofabortion-inducing drugs. But Democrats and abortion rights advocates said Tuesday thelegislation would push doctors to provide their patients with unsoundinformation.

After working for several years on pro-life legislation, I have heard and read the testimonies of hundreds of women who had deep regrets of their abortion, Rep. Shannon Lundgren, R-Peosta, said in an email. Many women make this decision because they believe it is the only option they have. Informing a woman that it can be reversed should be part of that discussion to prevent the pain and suffering that many women may have by making that initial choice.

The bill would require facilities that perform medication-induced abortions to "conspicuously post a sign" relating to the possibility of "avoiding, ceasing or even reversing" the effects.The bill wouldalso require the Iowa Department of Public Health to publish information about reversing the effects on its website.

"It is unethical and dangerous for politicians to require medical professionals to share inaccurate information to promote a political agenda," Jamie Burch Elliott, a lobbyist for Planned Parenthood Advocates of Iowa, said in a statement.

The measure would require doctors toprovidemedical discharge instructions that include a statement on the possibility of reversal.The state could enforce discipline against doctors who dont comply.

Instead of surgery, medication abortionsinvolve taking a combination of two drugs to terminatepregnancies. The drugs are commonly mifepristone,a pill thatblocksthehormoneprogesterone, and a second drug, misoprostol, that completes the abortion.The first dose of the drug comes a few hours or days ahead of the second,according to the Mayo Clinic.

Taken by itself, the first drugwill not always terminate the pregnancy, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. The group saysup to half of women who take only the first drug have continued their pregnancies.

Proponents ofmedication-induced abortionreversal contend thatafter taking thefirst drug, women can takeprogesterone to reverse the effects.

Daniel Sunne, a lobbyist for the conservative Christian organization the Family Leader, said Tuesday thataccording to the Abortion Pill Rescue Network, which isconnected tothe anti-abortion organization Heartbeat International, such reversal has saved more than 2,000 lives.

We believe more unborn children will be saved if Iowa passes this bill,Sunne said.

Kim Laube, director of life ministries at Lutheran Family Service, a Christian organization that provides pregnancy support and other services,pointed to a2018case series published in the journal "Issues in Law and Medicine"that observed 754 womenwho attempted to reverse the effect of the first abortion drug. The study declared thatreversal using progesteroneis "safe and effective."

But many medical experts have criticized the observational studyfor not following proper methodology, including not having a control group.

Dr. Lindsey Jenkins, legislative chair for the Iowa chapter of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, said in a statement that the claim is "based on limited studies that are scientifically weak and rely on an ethically compromised method."

A news release from Planned Parenthood Advocates of Iowa, which included Jenkins' comments, pointed to a 2019 study of abortion pill "reversal" from the journal "Obstetrics & Gynecology" that … ended early due to safety issues when some of the women who participated began hemorrhaging.

"By scripting physicians and compelling them to provide medically inaccurate information and steer patients toward untested procedures, this bill is in direct violation of a physicians oath to care," she said.

Rep. Beth Wessel-Kroeschell, D-Ames, who cast the sole dissenting vote on the bill during Tuesday's subcommittee meeting, said she sides with the medical group.

"I have a master's in public administration," she said. "I would never override what the obstetricians and gynecologists would tell us when it comes to care of a pregnancy."

Lundgrensaid according to the American Association for Pro-Life Obstetricians and Gynecologists, progesteronehas already shown its safe and effective through use in some high-risk pregnancies.

It is unconscionable that we would deny women information on a safe prescription that has proven to be especially effective by its use in stopping miscarriages, she said.

The three-member subcommittee advanced the bill on a 2-1 vote Monday. Thebillwill now head to the full House Human Services Committee.

If the bill becomes law, Iowa would joinsixstates with laws in effect that requiresimilarnotification Arkansas, Idaho, Kentucky, Nebraska, South Dakota and Utah accordingtothe Guttmacher Institute.Courts have temporarily enjoined related laws in three more states: North Dakota, Oklahoma and Tennessee.

Ian Richardson covers the Iowa Statehouse for the Des Moines Register. Reach him at irichardson@registermedia.com, at 515-284-8254, or on Twitter at @DMRIanR.

Read more:
Bill would require Iowa doctors to give information on medication abortion 'reversal'; critics call the information unsound - Burlington Hawk Eye

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

CARLSBAD, Calif., Jan. 26, 2021 /PRNewswire/ --Qualigen Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: QLGN),a biotechnology company focused on developing novel therapeutics for the treatment of cancer and viral diseases, announces achievement of a milestone event which triggered a payment obligation from Yi Xin Zhen Duan Jishu (Suzhou) Ltd. of Suzhou, China (Yi Xin) to Qualigen. The milestone event pertained to the initiation of technology transfer of Qualigen's core FastPack System, a rapid and highly accurate immunoassay testing system consisting of the FastPack Analyzer and the FastPack single-use, disposable test pouch.

Under the terms of an agreement announced in October 2020, Yi Xin will develop, manufacture and sell new generations of diagnostic test systems based on Qualigen's core FastPack "laboratory in a pouch" technology, which includes high throughput diagnostic systems. In addition, Yi Xin will have the rights to manufacture and sell Qualigen's current generations of rapid point-of-care FastPack diagnostic products in China. The agreement called for net cash payments to Qualigen in the fourth quarter of calendar 2020 and the first quarter of calendar 2021 totaling in the mid- to high-hundreds of thousands of dollars, and Qualigen is also eligible to receive low- to mid-single-digit royalties on net sales.

"Yi Xin provides entre to the China market for our patented FastPack diagnostics product line and we are encouraged by the strong start to this alliance," stated Michael Poirier, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President of Qualigen. "This collaboration represents an expansion opportunity with additional resources to grow the FastPack line in an efficient manner while we advance our therapeutics pipeline focused on the treatment of cancer and viral-based diseases toward clinical trials this year."

"Accurate testing at the point of patient care is becoming increasingly important across China to achieve better patient outcomes and utilize healthcare resources more efficiently. We are looking forward to launch the current FastPack product and developing new generations of the FastPack system that include a high-volume system analyzer for use in large hospitals and reference laboratories," said Peng Zhou, President and Chief Executive Officer of Yi Xin.

About Qualigen Therapeutics, Inc.

Qualigen Therapeutics, Inc. is a biotechnology company focused on developing novel therapeutics for the treatment of cancer and viral diseases, as well as maintaining and expanding its core FDA-approved FastPack System, which has been used successfully in diagnostics for 20 years. The Company's cancer therapeutics pipeline includes ALAN (AS1411-GNP), RAS-F and STARS. ALAN (AS1411-GNP) is a DNA coated gold nanoparticle cancer drug candidate that has the potential to target various types of cancer with minimal side effects. The foundational nucleolin-targeting DNA aptamer of ALAN, AS1411, is also a drug candidate for use in treating COVID-19 and other viral-based infectious diseases. RAS-F is a family of RAS oncogene protein-protein interaction inhibitor small molecules for preventing mutated RAS genes' proteins from binding to their effector proteins; preventing this binding could stop tumor growth, especially in pancreatic, colorectal and lung cancers. STARS is a DNA/RNA-based treatment device candidate for removal from circulating blood of precisely targeted tumor-produced and viral compounds. Because Qualigen's therapeutic candidates are still in the development stage, Qualigen's only products that are currently commercially available are FastPack System diagnostic instruments and test kits, used in physician offices, clinics and small hospitals around the world. The FastPack System menu includes rapid point-of-care diagnostic tests for cancer, men's health, hormone function, vitamin D status and antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Qualigen's facility in Carlsbad, California is FDA and ISO Certified and its FastPack product line is sold worldwide by its commercial partner Sekisui Diagnostics, LLC. For more information on Qualigen Therapeutics, Inc., please visit https://www.qualigeninc.com/.

Forward-Looking Statements

This news release contains forward-looking statements by the Company that involve risks and uncertainties and reflect the Company's judgment as of the date of this release. These statements include those related to expected payments to the Company under the Yi Xin agreement and Yi Xin's future development, manufacturing and sales activities. Actual events or results may differ from the Company's expectations. For example, there can be no assurance that Yi Xin's future development, manufacturing and sales activities will proceed as anticipated or that Yi Xin (which is a newly-formed company) will be able to honor its contractual obligations to the Company; that clinical trials will be applied for by or approved to begin by any projected timeline or will proceed as contemplated by any projected timeline; that the Company will successfully develop any drugs or therapeutic devices; that preclinical or clinical development of the Company's drugs or therapeutic devices will be successful; that future clinical trial data will be favorable or that such trials will confirm any improvements over other products or lack negative impacts; that any drugs or therapeutic devices will receive required regulatory approvals or that they will be commercially successful; that patents will issue on the Company's owned and in-licensed patent applications; that such patents, if any, and the Company's current owned and in-licensed patents would prevent competition; that the Company will be able to procure or earn sufficient working capital to complete the development, testing and launch of the Company's prospective therapeutic products; that the Company will be able to maintain or expand market demand and/or market share for the Company's diagnostic products generally, particularly in view of COVID-19-related deferral of patients' physician-office visits and FastPack reimbursement pricing challenges; that adoption and placement of FastPack PRO System instruments (which are the only FastPackinstruments on which the Company's SARS-CoV-2 IgGtest kits can be run) will be widespread; that the Company will be able to manufacture the FastPack PRO System instruments and SARS-CoV-2 IgGtest kits successfully; that any commercialization of the FastPack PRO System instruments and SARS-CoV-2 IgGtest kits will be profitable; or that the FDA will ultimately approve an Emergency Use Authorization for the Company's SARS-CoV-2 IgG test. The Company's stock price could be harmed if any of the events or trends contemplated by the forward-looking statements fails to occur or is delayed or if any actual future event otherwise differs from expectations. Additional information concerning these and other risk factors affecting the Company's business (including events beyond the Company's control, such as epidemics and resulting changes) can be found in the Company's prior filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, available atwww.sec.gov. The Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update these forward-looking statements beyond the date of this news release, except as required by law. This caution is made under the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

SOURCE Qualigen, Inc.

Read more:
Qualigen Therapeutics Announces Completion of Milestone Related to the License and Technology Transfer of its FastPack Diagnostics Products in China -...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

MANCHESTERThe "pressure" to succeed and willingness to take risks and put what some riders wantedbefore anti-doping rules caused ex-British Cycling and Team Sky head doctor Richard Freeman to order banned testosterone, a medical tribunal heard.

Dr Freeman is accused of ordering 30 sachets of Testogel to the national velodrome in May 2011 in order to dope a rider.

He admits placing the order but claims he was "bullied" into it by head cycling coach Shane Sutton to help treat his erectile dysfunction.

Mr Sutton has denied this and claims Dr Freeman is lying.

In closing submissions before a Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service (MPTS) fitness to practice hearing in Manchester, Simon Jackson QC, for the GMC, discussed a report by endocrinologist Dr Richard Quinton.

Dr Quinton had previously told the tribunal there was no evidence the Testogel was clinically indicated for Shane Sutton.

Mr Jackson said that Dr Freeman "must have known" that was the case and had later "abandoned" that suggestion and instead claimed he'd been bullied.

He said there was no evidence the Testogel was a "step-wise" increase in treatment because there were no records of Viagra (Sildenafil) or Cialis (Tadalafil) being prescribed to Mr Sutton before 2011.

But Cialis was prescribed in 2014 and 2015 which indicated, in Dr Quinton's opinion, that it was working.

Mr Jackson said Dr Quinton had accepted Testogel did have evidence-based off-label uses but he did not accept a single one-off prescription of 30 sachets was indicated in this case.

It had also been prescribed without Dr Freeman undertaking any examination, he said.

Dr Quinton had told the hearing, Mr Jackson said, the Testogel would have "no effect" unless a patient had hypogonadism and Mr Sutton didn't have that condition.

"In his words," Mr Jackson continued, "only 'dodgy doctors still prescribe testosterone in these inappropriate circumstances, namely for a placebo effect.'"

He pointed out that Dr Freeman had admitted in evidence that he'd hadn't prescribed the Testogel as a placebo.

Dr Freeman told UKAD (UK Anti-Doping) investigators in an interview in February 2017 that the Testogel was intended for a non-athlete.

But Mr Jackson questioned why a letter drafted by the doctor's solicitor to UKAD, which asked Mr Sutton to waive his patient confidentiality so those claims could be backed up, had not mentioned any condition or the Testogel.

Mr Jackson told the tribunal that Dr Freeman had repeatedly told lies and they were "part of an established pattern of dishonesty as part of a cover-up".

The lies provided "misleading and ultimately dishonest answers" for why the Testogel had been ordered, he said, and Dr Freeman had been prepared "to keep going and involve other people in this web of deceit".

In summary, Mr Jackson said the GMC's case was that Dr Freeman had placed the order when it wasn't clinically indicated and the intended use was to boost a rider's performance.

He also claimed there was no evidence Mr Sutton had bullied him into it.

"Not only was there no bullying related to the ordering," he said, "there is no basis for concluding that Mr Sutton wanted it, needed it or would have benefited from it in order for him to bully to obtain it.

"But rather we look at all the other circumstances of the pressure on Dr Freeman to succeed, the demonstration that he was a risk-taker and continued to take risks."

Mr Jackson added that Dr Freeman, by his own admission, looked at "what the riders wanted and he didn't focus on what the code prevented".

Dr Freeman has admitted 18 of 22 charges against him, which include lying after attempting to cover-up the order and lying to UKAD.

He's also admitted charges relating to prescribing medicine to non-athlete members of staff and failing to maintain adequate records.

The four charges he denies all relate to the central charge of "knowing or believing" the order was intended to improve an unknown rider's performance.

Mary O'Rourke, Dr Freeman's QC, will begin her final submissions today (Tuesday).

See the rest here:
Freeman: 'Pressure to Succeed' Led to Testosterone Order - Medscape

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Hormone replacement therapy refers to the treatment of the patients with hormone deficiency due to conditions such as dwarfism or women nearing menopause, which requires replacement of hormones in the body whose levels have become low. Market competition is intense. Eli Lilly, Pfizer, AbbVie, Novo Nordisk, etc. are the leaders of the industry, and they hold key technologies and patents, with high-end customers. Top 5 players combined 45.13% market share in all.

Market Analysis and Insights:

Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Market The global Hormone Replacement Therapy market size is projected to reach US$ 17720 million by 2026, from US$ 16210 million in 2019, at a CAGR of 1.5% during 2021-2026.

Get Sample Copy of This Report @

https://www.qyresearch.com/sample-form/form/2626362/global-hormone-replacement-therapy-market

:

Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Scope and Segment Hormone Replacement Therapy market is segmented by Type, and by Application. Players, stakeholders, and other participants in the global Hormone Replacement Therapy market will be able to gain the upper hand as they use the report as a powerful resource. The segmental analysis focuses on production capacity, revenue and forecast by Type and by Application for the period 2016-2027. The following manufacturers are covered in this report:, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, AbbVie, Novo Nordisk, Merck KGaA, Mylan, Bayer, Teva, Novartis, Abbott, Roche, Endo International, Ipsen, ANI Pharmaceuticals, TherapeuticsMD

Hormone Replacement Therapy Breakdown Data by Type

Estrogen Hormone, Growth Hormone, Thyroid Hormone, Testosterone Hormone, The proportion of estrogen hormone in 2018 is about 50%, and the proportion is in increasing trend from 2014 to 2018.

Hormone Replacement Therapy Breakdown Data by Application

Menopause, Hypothyroidism, Growth Hormone Deficiency, Male Hypogonadism, Other Diseases, The most proportion of hormone replacement therapy is used in menopause, and the proportion in 2018 is 46.2%. Regional and Country-level Analysis The Hormone Replacement Therapy market is analysed and market size information is provided by regions (countries). The key regions covered in the Hormone Replacement Therapy market report are North America, Europe, China, Japan and Middle East. It also covers key regions (countries), viz, the U.S., Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Mexico, Brazil, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, etc. The report includes country-wise and region-wise market size for the period 2016-2027. It also includes market size and forecast by Type, and by Application segment in terms of production capacity, price and revenue for the period 2016-2027. Competitive Landscape and Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Share Analysis

Get Full Report In Your Inbox Within 24 Hours at USD(4900):

https://www.https://www.qyresearch.com/settlement/pre/d0bdf868b40c675b096a10b57783b083,0,1,global-hormone-replacement-therapy-market

Table of Contents

1 Study Coverage 1.1 Hormone Replacement Therapy Product Introduction 1.2 Market by Type1.2.1 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Size Growth Rate by Type1.4.2 Estrogen Hormone1.4.3 Growth Hormone1.2.4 Thyroid Hormone1.2.5 Testosterone Hormone 1.3 Market by Application1.3.1 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Size Growth Rate by Application1.3.2 Menopause1.3.3 Hypothyroidism1.3.4 Growth Hormone Deficiency1.3.5 Male Hypogonadism1.3.6 Other Diseases 1.4 Study Objectives 1.5 Years Considered 2 Executive Summary 2.1 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2016-2027 2.2 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Revenue Estimates and Forecasts 2016-2027 2.3 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Revenue by Region: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 2.4 Global Top Hormone Replacement Therapy Regions by Sales2.4.1 Global Top Hormone Replacement Therapy Regions by Sales (2016-2021)2.4.2 Global Top Hormone Replacement Therapy Regions by Sales (2022-2027) 2.5 Global Top Hormone Replacement Therapy Regions by Revenue2.5.1 Global Top Hormone Replacement Therapy Regions by Revenue (2016-2021)2.5.2 Global Top Hormone Replacement Therapy Regions by Revenue (2022-2027) 2.6 North America 2.7 Europe 2.8 Asia-Pacific 2.9 Latin America 2.10 Middle East & Africa 3 Competition by Manufacturers 3.1 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales by Manufacturers3.1.1 Global Top Hormone Replacement Therapy Manufacturers by Sales (2016-2021)3.1.2 Global Top Hormone Replacement Therapy Manufacturers Market Share by Sales (2016-2021)3.1.3 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales in 2020 3.2 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Revenue by Manufacturers3.2.1 Global Top Hormone Replacement Therapy Manufacturers by Revenue (2016-2021)3.2.2 Global Top Hormone Replacement Therapy Manufacturers Market Share by Revenue (2016-2021)3.2.3 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by Hormone Replacement Therapy Revenue in 2020 3.3 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales Price by Manufacturers 3.4 Analysis of Competitive Landscape3.4.1 Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)3.4.2 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)3.4.3 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Manufacturers Geographical Distribution 3.5 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans 4 Market Size by Type 4.1 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales by Type4.1.1 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Historical Sales by Type (2016-2021)4.1.2 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Forecasted Sales by Type (2022-2027)4.1.3 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2027) 4.2 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Revenue by Type4.2.1 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Historical Revenue by Type (2016-2021)4.2.2 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Forecasted Revenue by Type (2022-2027)4.2.3 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2027) 4.3 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Price by Type4.3.1 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Price by Type (2016-2021)4.3.2 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027) 5 Market Size by Application 5.1 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales by Application5.1.1 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Historical Sales by Application (2016-2021)5.1.2 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Forecasted Sales by Application (2022-2027)5.1.3 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2027) 5.2 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Revenue by Application5.2.1 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Historical Revenue by Application (2016-2021)5.2.2 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Forecasted Revenue by Application (2022-2027)5.2.3 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Revenue Market Share by Application (2016-2027) 5.3 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Price by Application5.3.1 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Price by Application (2016-2021)5.3.2 Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Price Forecast by Application (2022-2027) 6 North America 6.1 North America Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Size by Type6.1.1 North America Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales by Type (2016-2027)6.1.2 North America Hormone Replacement Therapy Revenue by Type (2016-2027) 6.2 North America Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Size by Application6.2.1 North America Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales by Application (2016-2027)6.2.2 North America Hormone Replacement Therapy Revenue by Application (2016-2027) 6.3 North America Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Size by Country6.3.1 North America Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales by Country (2016-2027)6.3.2 North America Hormone Replacement Therapy Revenue by Country (2016-2027)6.3.3 U.S.6.3.4 Canada 7 Europe 7.1 Europe Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Size by Type7.1.1 Europe Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales by Type (2017-2027)7.1.2 Europe Hormone Replacement Therapy Revenue by Type (2017-2027) 7.2 Europe Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Size by Application7.2.1 Europe Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales by Application (2017-2027)7.2.2 Europe Hormone Replacement Therapy Revenue by Application (2017-2027) 7.3 Europe Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Size by Country7.3.1 Europe Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales by Country (2017-2027)7.3.2 Europe Hormone Replacement Therapy Revenue by Country (2017-2027)7.3.3 Germany7.3.4 France7.3.5 U.K.7.3.6 Italy7.3.7 Russia 8 Asia Pacific 8.1 Asia Pacific Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Size by Type8.1.1 Asia Pacific Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales by Type (2018-2027)8.1.2 Asia Pacific Hormone Replacement Therapy Revenue by Type (2018-2027) 8.2 Asia Pacific Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Size by Application8.2.1 Asia Pacific Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales by Application (2018-2027)8.2.2 Asia Pacific Hormone Replacement Therapy Revenue by Application (2018-2027) 8.3 Asia Pacific Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Size by Region8.3.1 Asia Pacific Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales by Region (2018-2027)8.3.2 Asia Pacific Hormone Replacement Therapy Revenue by Region (2018-2027)8.3.3 China8.3.4 Japan8.3.5 South Korea8.3.6 India8.3.7 Australia8.3.8 Taiwan8.3.9 Indonesia8.3.10 Thailand8.3.11 Malaysia8.3.12 Philippines 9 Latin America 9.1 Latin America Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Size by Type9.1.1 Latin America Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales by Type (2019-2027)9.1.2 Latin America Hormone Replacement Therapy Revenue by Type (2019-2027) 9.2 Latin America Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Size by Application9.2.1 Latin America Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales by Application (2019-2027)9.2.2 Latin America Hormone Replacement Therapy Revenue by Application (2019-2027) 9.3 Latin America Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Size by Country9.3.1 Latin America Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales by Country (2019-2027)9.3.2 Latin America Hormone Replacement Therapy Revenue by Country (2019-2027)9.3.3 Mexico9.3.4 Brazil9.3.5 Argentina 6 Middle East and Africa 6.1 Middle East and Africa Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Size by Type6.1.1 Middle East and Africa Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales by Type (2016-2027)6.1.2 Middle East and Africa Hormone Replacement Therapy Revenue by Type (2016-2027) 6.2 Middle East and Africa Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Size by Application6.2.1 Middle East and Africa Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales by Application (2016-2027)6.2.2 Middle East and Africa Hormone Replacement Therapy Revenue by Application (2016-2027) 6.3 Middle East and Africa Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Size by Country6.3.1 Middle East and Africa Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales by Country (2016-2027)6.3.2 Middle East and Africa Hormone Replacement Therapy Revenue by Country (2016-2027)6.3.3 Turkey6.3.4 Saudi Arabia6.3.5 U.A.E 11 Company Profiles 11.1 Eli Lilly11.1.1 Eli Lilly Corporation Information11.1.2 Eli Lilly Overview11.1.3 Eli Lilly Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)11.1.4 Eli Lilly Hormone Replacement Therapy Product Description11.1.5 Eli Lilly Related Developments 11.2 Pfizer11.2.1 Pfizer Corporation Information11.2.2 Pfizer Overview11.2.3 Pfizer Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)11.2.4 Pfizer Hormone Replacement Therapy Product Description11.2.5 Pfizer Related Developments 11.3 AbbVie11.3.1 AbbVie Corporation Information11.3.2 AbbVie Overview11.3.3 AbbVie Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)11.3.4 AbbVie Hormone Replacement Therapy Product Description11.3.5 AbbVie Related Developments 11.4 Novo Nordisk11.4.1 Novo Nordisk Corporation Information11.4.2 Novo Nordisk Overview11.4.3 Novo Nordisk Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)11.4.4 Novo Nordisk Hormone Replacement Therapy Product Description11.4.5 Novo Nordisk Related Developments 11.5 Merck KGaA11.5.1 Merck KGaA Corporation Information11.5.2 Merck KGaA Overview11.5.3 Merck KGaA Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)11.5.4 Merck KGaA Hormone Replacement Therapy Product Description11.5.5 Merck KGaA Related Developments 11.6 Mylan11.6.1 Mylan Corporation Information11.6.2 Mylan Overview11.6.3 Mylan Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)11.6.4 Mylan Hormone Replacement Therapy Product Description11.6.5 Mylan Related Developments 11.7 Bayer11.7.1 Bayer Corporation Information11.7.2 Bayer Overview11.7.3 Bayer Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)11.7.4 Bayer Hormone Replacement Therapy Product Description11.7.5 Bayer Related Developments 11.8 Teva11.8.1 Teva Corporation Information11.8.2 Teva Overview11.8.3 Teva Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)11.8.4 Teva Hormone Replacement Therapy Product Description11.8.5 Teva Related Developments 11.9 Novartis11.9.1 Novartis Corporation Information11.9.2 Novartis Overview11.9.3 Novartis Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)11.9.4 Novartis Hormone Replacement Therapy Product Description11.9.5 Novartis Related Developments 11.10 Abbott11.10.1 Abbott Corporation Information11.10.2 Abbott Overview11.10.3 Abbott Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)11.10.4 Abbott Hormone Replacement Therapy Product Description11.10.5 Abbott Related Developments 11.1 Eli Lilly11.1.1 Eli Lilly Corporation Information11.1.2 Eli Lilly Overview11.1.3 Eli Lilly Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)11.1.4 Eli Lilly Hormone Replacement Therapy Product Description11.1.5 Eli Lilly Related Developments 11.12 Endo International11.12.1 Endo International Corporation Information11.12.2 Endo International Overview11.12.3 Endo International Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)11.12.4 Endo International Product Description11.12.5 Endo International Related Developments 11.13 Ipsen11.13.1 Ipsen Corporation Information11.13.2 Ipsen Overview11.13.3 Ipsen Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)11.13.4 Ipsen Product Description11.13.5 Ipsen Related Developments 11.14 ANI Pharmaceuticals11.14.1 ANI Pharmaceuticals Corporation Information11.14.2 ANI Pharmaceuticals Overview11.14.3 ANI Pharmaceuticals Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)11.14.4 ANI Pharmaceuticals Product Description11.14.5 ANI Pharmaceuticals Related Developments 11.15 TherapeuticsMD11.15.1 TherapeuticsMD Corporation Information11.15.2 TherapeuticsMD Overview11.15.3 TherapeuticsMD Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021)11.15.4 TherapeuticsMD Product Description11.15.5 TherapeuticsMD Related Developments 12 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis 12.1 Hormone Replacement Therapy Value Chain Analysis 12.2 Hormone Replacement Therapy Key Raw Materials12.2.1 Key Raw Materials12.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers 12.3 Hormone Replacement Therapy Production Mode & Process 12.4 Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales and Marketing12.4.1 Hormone Replacement Therapy Sales Channels12.4.2 Hormone Replacement Therapy Distributors 12.5 Hormone Replacement Therapy Customers 13 Market Drivers, Opportunities, Challenges and Risks Factors Analysis 13.1 Hormone Replacement Therapy Industry Trends 13.2 Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Drivers 13.3 Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Challenges 13.4 Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Restraints 14 Key Findings in The Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Study 15 Appendix 15.1 Research Methodology15.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach15.1.2 Data Source 15.2 Author Details 15.3 Disclaimer

About Us

QY Research is a leading global market research and consulting company. Established in 2007 QY Research focuses on management consulting, database and seminar services, IPO consulting, industry chain research and custom research to help our clients in providing non-linear revenue model and make them successful. We are globally recognized for our expansive portfolio of services, good corporate citizenship and our strong commitment to sustainability. Today, we are serving more than 4000 clients across five continents. Lets allow us to work closely with you and build a bold and a better future.

https://neighborwebsj.com/

Originally posted here:
Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Growth Analysis,Size,Insight,Share And Outlook By 2027 Pfizer, AbbVie, Novo Nordisk NeighborWebSJ - NeighborWebSJ

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Enhancer-gene interactions drive split

In many species across the animal kingdom, male and female phenotypes differ. One such example is the wing spot seen in male Drosophila biarmipes flies but not the female flies. Galouzis and Prud'homme investigate the X-linked yellow gene and its enhancer. Investigating the genetics of the trait, they found evidence that the male-specific phenotype is caused by a trans interaction between the enhancer and gene that silences the gene when it is present in only one copy in the male (which only has a single X chromosome) versus the two copies found in the female. This gene thus appears to be regulated by differing genomic interactions in male and female flies and is an example of the phenomenon known as transvection.

Science, this issue p. 396

Sexual dimorphism in animals results from sex-biased gene expression patterns. These patterns are controlled by genetic sex determination hierarchies that establish the sex of an individual. Here we show that the male-biased wing expression pattern of the Drosophila biarmipes gene yellow, located on the X chromosome, is independent of the fly sex determination hierarchy. Instead, we find that a regulatory interaction between yellow alleles on homologous chromosomes (a process known as transvection) silences the activity of a yellow enhancer functioning in the wing. Therefore, this enhancer can be active in males (XY) but not in females (XX). This transvection-dependent enhancer silencing requires the yellow intron and the chromatin architecture protein Mod(mdg4). Our results suggest that transvection can contribute more generally to the sex-biased expression of X-linked genes.

More:
Transvection regulates the sex-biased expression of a fly X-linked gene - Science Magazine

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Sharon Begley died of complications of lung cancer on Jan. 16, just five days after completing this article. She was a never-smoker.

Breast cancer wouldnt have surprised her; being among the 1 in 8 women who develop it over their lifetime isnt statistically improbable. Neither would have colorectal cancer; knowing the risk, Mandi Pike definitely planned to have colonoscopies as she grew older.

But when a PET scan in November 2019 revealed that Pike, a 33-year-old oil trader, wife, and mother of two in Edmond, Okla., had lung cancer she had been coughing and was initially misdiagnosed with pneumonia her first reaction was, but I never smoked, she said. It all seemed so surreal.

advertisement

Join the club. Cigarette smoking is still the single greatest cause of lung cancer, which is why screening recommendations apply only to current and former smokers and why84% of U.S. women and 90% of U.S. men with a new diagnosis of lung cancer have ever smoked, according to a study published in December in JAMA Oncology. Still, 12% of U.S. lung cancer patients are never-smokers.

Scientists disagree on whether the absolute number of such patients is increasing, but the proportion who are never-smokers clearly is. Doctors and public health experts have been slow to recognize this trend, however, and now there is growing pressure to understand how never-smokers disease differs from that of smokers, and to review whether screening guidelines need revision.

Since the early 2000s, we have seen what I think is truly an epidemiological shift in lung cancer, said surgeon Andrew Kaufman of Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, whose program for never-smokers has treated some 3,800 patients in 10 years. If lung cancer in never-smokers were a separate entity, it would be in the top 10 cancers in the U.S. for both incidence and mortality.

advertisement

A 2017 study of 12,103 lung cancer patients in three representative U.S. hospitals found that never-smokers were 8% of the total from 1990 to 1995 but 14.9% from 2011 to 2013. The authors ruled out statistical anomalies and concluded that the actual incidence of lung cancer in never smokers is increasing. Another study that same year, of 2,170 patients in the U.K., found an even larger increase: The proportion of lung cancer patients who were never-smokers rose from 13% in 2008 to 28% in 2014.

It is well-documented that approximately 20% of lung cancer cases that occur in women in the U.S. and 9% of cases in men, are diagnosed in never-smokers, Kaufman said.

To a great extent, this is a function of straightforward math, said epidemiologist Ahmedin Jemal of the American Cancer Society. Fewer people smoke today than in previous decades 15% in 2015, 25% in 1995, 30% in 1985, 42% in 1965. Simply because there are fewer smokers in the population, out of every 100 lung cancer patients, fewer will therefore be smokers. And that means more of them will be never-smokers.

There are also hints that the absolute incidence of lung cancer in never-smokers has been rising, said oncologist John Heymach of MD Anderson Cancer Center. Some data say it has, but other data say no. The stumbling block is that old datasets often dont indicate a lung cancer patients smoking status, Heymach said, making it impossible to calculate what percent of never-smokers in past decades developed lung cancer.

Jemal, however, cautions that it is not the case that a never-smoker has a greater chance of developing lung cancer today than never-smokers did in the past.

Current cancer screening guidelines recommend a CT scan for anyone 50 to 80 years old who has smoked at least 20 pack years (the equivalent of one pack a day for 20 years, or two packs a day for 10 years, and so on) and who is still smoking or quit less than 15 years ago. Screening is not recommended for never-smokers because the costs of doing so are deemed greater than the benefits, Jemal said; thousands of never-smokers would have to be screened in any given year to find one lung cancer.

Still, low-dose CT can catch lung cancer in a significant number of never-smokers. A 2019 study in South Korea diagnosed lung cancer in 0.45% of never-smokers, compared to 0.86% of smokers. The researchers urged policymakers to consider the value of using low-dose CT screening in the never-smoker population.

It used to be that the high-risk group for whom CT screening is recommended was the vast majority of lung cancer patients, Heymach said. But now that so many lung cancer cases are in nonsmokers, there is absolutely a need to reevaluate the screening criteria.

Researchers are trying to improve screening by reducing the incidence of false positives when CT finds lung nodules or an old scar that you got 20 years ago, he said. Those dont pose a threat but have to be biopsied to ascertain that. Screening never-smokers would also be more efficient than it is today if we could identify who, among nonsmokers, are at higher risk, he said.

Cancer doctors already know part of the answer: women. Worldwide, 15% of male lung cancer patients are never-smokers. But fully half of female lung cancer patients never smoked. And women never-smokers are twice as likely to develop lung cancer as men who never put a cigarette to their lips.

Beyond sex, nothing stands out as a single large risk factor that, if we only got rid of it, we would solve the problem of lung cancer in never-smokers, said Josephine Feliciano, an oncologist at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. But air pollution, radon, family history of lung cancer, [and] genetic predispositions all play a role. Chronic lung infections and lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) also seem to increase risk.

None of those, with the possible exception of genetics and indoor pollution (cooking fires in some low-income countries), affect women more than men. So whats going on?

At least one biotech believes that biological differences between lung cancer in never-smokers and smokers merits a new drug, and one that might be especially effective in women. A different disease needs a different drug, said co-founder and CEO Panna Sharma of Lantern Pharma. In fact Lantern, which is developing a drug for lung cancer in female never-smokers, believes that disease is so different it recently tried to convince the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to designate it an orphan disease, said Sharma.

Called LP-300, the Lantern drug increased overall survival from 13 months to more than 27, compared to chemotherapy alone, in female nonsmokers, in a small trial. It targets molecular pathways that are more common in female nonsmokers than in any other group, said Sharma, targeting the mutations EGFR, ALK, MET, and ROS1 (common in never-smokers) directly and boosting the efficacy of other drugs that attack them, such as erlotinib and crizotinib. Lantern plans a larger trial this year.

Smokers tumors tend to have more mutations overall, thanks to mutagen-packed cigarette smoke attacking their lungs, but scientists have developed more drugs for never-smokers lung tumors than for smokers. For instance, EGFR and ALK mutations are more common in never-smokers. (Mandi Pike had the EGFR mutation, which was relatively fortunate: A drug targets it, and she has been cancer-free since November.)

The targeted drugs bollix up each mutations cancer-causing effects. KRAS mutations are more common in smokers lung tumors, and there are no KRAS drugs. (A KRAS drug for lung cancer is imminent, though, said thoracic oncologist Ben Creelan of Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa, Fla.)

According to national guidelines, lung cancer in never-smokers should be treated the same as in smokers, said Creelan. But I think we should reconsider this, he said.

Because never-smokers have fewer tumor mutations, its harder to find them. So he said clinicians should be more aggressive about looking for actionable mutations in these patients. I keep looking for a mutation until I find something important, he said, adding that doctors might need better biopsy material or to use a different sequencing method in never-smokers.

In a cruel twist, the breakthrough drugs that take the brakes off immune cells, which then attack the tumor, are less effective in never-smokers lung cancer than in smokers. The reason seems to be that smokers tumors have more mutations, said Mount Sinais Kaufman; the mutations often cause the tumor cells to have molecules on their surface that the immune system perceives as foreign and revs up to attack. Never-smokers tumors have few, if any, of those come and get me molecules. Immune cells therefore ignore them.

In smokers, conversely, with more mutations, there is more for the immune system to recognize as bizarre and foreign, and so to provoke an attack, Creelan said.

In contrast, never-smokers tumors are more likely to respond to targeted drugs, and as a result to be in remission for a long time or even cured. Thats because with fewer mutations, never-smokers tumors are more likely to have an oncogene addiction, Heymach explained: They are propelled by only one mutation. The plethora of mutations in smokers tumors means that there is usually a back-up cancer driver if a targeted drug eliminates cells with only one. When a tumor has more and more mutations, blocking one is less likely to have an impact, Heymach said. But in nonsmokers, it can.

Heymach called for more funding to study lung cancer in never-smokers. It is an area thats underserved and deserves more investment, Heymach said. It should be commensurate with the public health threat it represents.

See original here:
A growing share of lung cancer is turning up in never-smokers - STAT

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Azul is not a regular tiger, shes a calm tiger.

The female Malayantiger was born on January 5, 2016, in New York Citys Bronx Zoo and recently transferred to the Woodland Park Zoo where she became the zoosfirst female Malayan tiger.

After being hand-raiseddays following herbirthbecause her mother was not providing suitable maternal care, shes taken on an especially calm nature.

Azul has a very mellow personality, explainedAnimal Care Manager KimSzawan, in a press release.Shes taken very well to heranimalkeepers here in her new home at Woodland Park Zoo.

Jeremy Dwyer-Lindgren/Woodland Park Zoo

The female tiger has already spent 30 days in quarantine under the watch of the zoos veterinary care team and will meet thezoos10-year-oldtiger Bumi when she is ready.

According to the zoo, Bumi and Azul have a breeding recommendation from the Association of Zoos and Aquariums Malayan Tiger Species Survival Plan, a cooperative, conservation breeding program across accredited zoos to help ensure a healthy, self-sustaining population of tigers.

In the future, the Association is hoping that the two produce a litter of precious Malayan tiger cubs.

Bumis genetics are considered highly valuablein terms of representation in the tiger population, which is why hes been paired with Azul, explained Martin Ramirez, mammal curator at Woodland Park Zoo.

Jeremy Dwyer-Lindgren/Woodland Park Zoo

Malayan tigers are a bit smaller than Bengal tigers andare found in the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests of the southern tip of Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. There are only about 200 Malayan tigers left in the wild, which is why cubs are especially important to the survival of this species.

The Woodland Park Zoo hasnt had tiger cubs since 2006.

Its always been part of our long-term plan to eventually have tiger cubs again at the zoo, and we are excited to make that goal a reality.

Jeremy Dwyer-Lindgren/Woodland Park Zoo

Read more:
Woodland Park Zoo welcomes their first female Malayan tiger (PHOTOS) | News - Daily Hive

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Alongside Dennis vanEngelsdorp, associate professor at the University of Maryland (UMD) in Entomology named for the fifth year in a row for his work in honey bee and pollinator health, Yiping Qi, associate professor in Plant Science, represented the College of Agriculture & Natural Resources on the Web of Science 2020 list of Highly Cited Researchers for the first time. Qi is already making waves in 2021 with a new high-profile publication in Nature Plants introducing SpRY, a newly engineered variant of the famed gene editing tool CRISPR-Cas9. SpRY essentially removes the barriers of what can and can't be targeted for gene editing, making it possible for the first time to target nearly any genomic sequence in plants for potential mutation.

"It is an honor, an encouragement, and a recognition of my contribution to the science community," says Qi of his distinction as a 2020 Web of Science Highly Cited Researcher. "But we are not just making contributions to the academic literature. In my lab, we are constantly pushing new tools for improved gene editing out to scientists to make an impact."

With SpRY, Qi is especially excited for the limitless possibilities it opens up for genome editing in plants and crops. "We have largely overcome the major bottleneck in plant genome editing, which is the targeting scope restrictions associated with CRISPR-Cas9. With this new toolbox, we pretty much removed this restriction, and we can target almost anywhere in the plant genome."

The original CRISPR-Cas9 tool that kicked off the gene editing craze was tied to targeting a specific short sequence of DNA known as a PAM sequence. The short sequence is what the CRISPR systems typically use to identify where to make their molecular cuts in DNA. However, the new SpRY variant introduced by Qi can move beyond these traditional PAM sequences in ways that was never possible before.

"This unleashes the full potential of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing for plant genetics and crop improvement," says an excited Qi. "Researchers will now be able to edit anywhere within their favorable genes, without questioning whether the sites are editable or not. The new tools make genome editing more powerful, more accessible, and more versatile so that many of the editing outcomes which were previously hard to achieve can now be all realized."

According to Qi, this will have a major impact on translational research in the gene editing field, as well as on crop breeding as a whole. "This new CRISPR-Cas9 technology will play an important role in food security, nutrition, and safety. CRISPR tools are already widely used for introducing tailored mutations into crops for enhanced yield, nutrition, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, and more. With this new tool in the toolbox, we can speed up evolution and the agricultural revolution. I expect many plant biologists and breeders will use the toolbox in different crops. The list of potential applications of this new toolbox is endless."

Read the complete research at http://www.sciencedaily.com.

University of Maryland. "Plant genome editing expanded with newly engineered variant of CRISPR-Cas9: New study introduces SpRY to enable the mutation of nearly any genomic sequence in plants." ScienceDaily.

See the article here:
Study on plant genome editing with new variant of CRISPR-Cas9 - hortidaily.com

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Phylogenetic trees, starting with an individual cancer cell. Each color represents a different location in the body. A very colorful tree shows a highly metastatic phenotype, where a cells descendants jumped many times between different tissues. A tree that is primarily one color represents a less metastatic cell. Credit: Jeffrey Quinn/Whitehead Institute

Using CRISPR technology, researchers are tracking the lineage of individual cancer cells as they proliferate and metastasize in real-time.

When cancer is confined to one spot in the body, doctors can often treat it with surgery or other therapies. Much of the mortality associated with cancer, however, is due to its tendency to metastasize, sending out seeds of itself that may take root throughout the body. The exact moment of metastasis is fleeting, lost in the millions of divisions that take place in a tumor. These events are typically impossible to monitor in real time, says Jonathan Weissman, MIT professor of biology and Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research member.

Now, researchers led by Weissman, who is also an investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, have turned a CRISPR tool into a way to do just that. In a paper published on January 21, 2021, in Science, Weissmans lab, in collaboration with Nir Yosef, a computer scientist at the University of California at Berkeley, and Trever Bivona, a cancer biologist at the University of California at San Francisco, treats cancer cells the way evolutionary biologists might look at species, mapping out an intricately detailed family tree. By examining the branches, they can track the cells lineage to find when a single tumor cell went rogue, spreading its progeny to the rest of the body.

With this method, you can ask questions like, How frequently is this tumor metastasizing? Where did the metastases come from? Where do they go? Weissman says. By being able to follow the history of the tumor in vivo, you reveal differences in the biology of the tumor that were otherwise invisible.

Scientists have tracked the lineages of cancer cells in the past by comparing shared mutations and other variations in their DNA blueprints. These methods, however, depend to a certain extent on there being enough naturally occurring mutations or other markers to accurately show relationships between cells.

Thats where Weissman and co-first authors Jeffrey Quinn, then a postdoc in Weissmans lab, and Matthew Jones, a graduate student in Weissmans lab, saw an opportunity to use CRISPR technology specifically, a method developed by Weissman Lab member Michelle Chan to track embryo development to facilitate tracking.

Instead of simply hoping that a cancer lineage contained enough lineage-specific markers to track, the researchers decided to use Chans method to add in markers themselves. Basically, the idea is to engineer a cell that has a genomic scratchpad of DNA, that then can be written on using CRISPR, Weissman says. This writing in the genome is done in such a way that it becomes heritable, meaning a cells grand-offspring would have the writing of its parent cells and grandparent cells recorded in its genome.

To create these special scratchpad cells, Weissman engineered human cancer cells with added genes: one for the bacterial protein Cas9 the famed molecular scissors used in CRISPR genome editing methods others for glowing proteins for microscopy, and a few sequences that would serve as targets for the CRISPR technology.

They then implanted thousands of the modified human cancer cells into mice, mimicking a lung tumor (a model developed by collaborator Bivona). Mice with human lung tumors often exhibit aggressive metastases, so the researchers reasoned they would provide a good model for tracking cancer progression in real time.

As the cells began to divide, Cas9 made small cuts at these target sites. When the cell repaired the cuts, it patched in or deleted a few random nucleotides, leading to a unique repair sequence called an indel. This cutting and repairing happened randomly in nearly every generation, creating a map of cell divisions that Weissman and the team could then track using special computer models that they created by working with Yosef, a computer scientist.

Tracking cells this way yielded some interesting results. For one thing, individual tumor cells were much different from each other than the researchers expected. The cells the researchers used were from an established human lung cancer cell line called A549. Youd think they would be relatively homogeneous, Weissman says. But in fact, we saw dramatic differences in the propensity of different tumors to metastasize even in the same mouse. Some had a very small number of metastatic events, and others were really rapidly jumping around.

To find out where this heterogeneity was coming from, the team implanted two clones of the same cell in different mice. As the cells proliferated, the researchers found that their descendants metastasized at a remarkably similar rate. This was not the case with the offspring of different cells from the same cell line the original cells had apparently evolved different metastatic potentials as the cell line was maintained over many generations.

The scientists next wondered what genes were responsible for this variability between cancer cells from the same cell line. So they began to look for genes that were expressed differently between nonmetastatic, weakly metastatic, and highly metastatic tumors.

Many genes stood out, some of which were previously known to be associated with metastasis although it was not clear whether they were driving the metastasis or simply a side effect of it. One of them, the gene that codes for the protein Keratin 17, is much more strongly expressed in low metastatic tumors than in highly metastatic tumors. When we knocked down or overexpressed Keratin 17, we showed that this gene was actually controlling the tumors invasiveness, Weissman says.

Being able to identify metastasis-associated genes this way could help researchers answer questions about how tumors evolve and adapt. Its an entirely new way to look at the behavior and evolution of a tumor, Weissman says. We think it can be applied to many different problems in cancer biology.

Weissmans CRISPR method also allowed the researchers to track with more detail where metastasizing cells went in the body, and when. For example, the progeny of one implanted cancer cell underwent metastasis five separate times, spreading each time from the left lung to other tissues such as the right lung and liver. Other cells made a jump to a different area, and then metastasized again from there.

These movements can be mapped neatly in phylogenetic trees (see image), where each color represents a different location in the body. A very colorful tree shows a highly metastatic phenotype, where a cells descendants jumped many times between different tissues. A tree that is primarily one color represents a less metastatic cell.

Mapping tumor progression in this way allowed Weissman and his team to make a few interesting observations about the mechanics of metastasis. For example, some clones seeded in a textbook way, traveling from the left lung, where they started, to distinct areas of the body. Others seeded more erratically, moving first to other tissues before metastasizing again from there.

One such tissue, the mediastinal lymph tissue that sits between the lungs, appears to be a hub of sorts, says co-first author Jeffrey Quinn. It serves as a way station that connects the cancer cells to all of this fertile ground that they can then go and colonize, he says.

Therapeutically, the discovery of metastasis hubs like this could be extremely useful. If you focus cancer therapies on those places, you could then slow down metastasis or prevent it in the first place, Weissman says.

In the future, Weissman hopes to move beyond simply observing the cells and begin to predict their behavior. Its like with Newtonian mechanics if you know the velocity and position and all the forces acting on a ball, you can figure out where the ball is going to go at any time in the future, Weissman says. Were hoping to do the same thing with cells. We want to construct essentially a function of what is driving differentiation of a tumor, and then be able to measure where they are at any given time, and predict where theyre going to be in the future.

The researchers are optimistic that being able to track the family trees of individual cells in real time will prove useful in other settings as well. I think that its going to unlock a whole new dimension to what we think about as a measurable quantity in biology, says co-first author Matthew Jones. Thats whats really cool about this field in general is that were redefining whats invisible and what is visible.

Reference: Single-cell lineages reveal the rates, routes, and drivers of metastasis in cancer xenografts by Jeffrey J. Quinn, Matthew G. Jones, Ross A. Okimoto, Shigeki Nanjo, Michelle M. Chan, Nir Yosef, Trever G. Bivona and Jonathan S. Weissman, 21 January 2021, Science.DOI: 10.1126/science.abc1944

Original post:
Using CRISPR Genetic Technology to Catch Cancer in the Act - SciTechDaily

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Two different gene therapies have been used to mitigate a mechanism underlying development of sickle cell disease (SCD) and transfusion-dependent -thalassemia (TDT), and both have demonstrated clinical success in separate, concurrently published trials.

The hemoglobinopathies manifest after fetal hemoglobin synthesis is replaced by adult hemoglobin in individuals who have inherited a mutation in the hemoglobin subunit gene (HBB).Identifying factors in the conversion from fetal to adult hemoglobin synthesis, however, has provided potential targets for therapeutic intervention.

Gene therapy that can safely arrest or reduce the conversion offers the potential for a one-time treatment to obviate the need for lifetime transfusions and iron chelation for patients with TDT, and the pain management, transfusions and hydroxyurea administration for those with SCD.

Two groups of investigators have now reported in The New England Journal of Medicine that, using different gene therapy techniques that target the transcription factor, BCL11a, involved in the globin switching, they have improved clinical outcomes in patients with TDT and with SCD.

In an editorial in the issue featuring the 2 studies, Mark Walters, MD, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of California, San Francisco-Benioff Children's Hospital, welcomed the breakthroughs.

"These trials herald a new generation of broadly applicable curative treatments for hemoglobinopathies," Walters wrote.

In one clinical trial with 2 patients, one with TDT and the other with SCD, Haydar Frangoul, MD, MS, Medical Director, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sarah Cannon Center for Blood Cancer at the Children's Hospital at Tristar Centennial, and colleagues administered CRISPR-Cas9 gene edited hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with reduced BCL11A expression in the erythroid lineage.

The product, CTX001, had been shown in preclinical study to restore -globulin synthesis and reactivate production of fetal hemoglobin. Both patients underwent busulfan-induced myeloablation prior to receiving the treatment.

The investigators suggested that the CRISPR-Cas9-based gene-edited product could change the paradigm for patients with these conditions, if it was found to successfully and durably graft, produce no "off-target" editing products, and, importantly, improve clinical course.

"Recently approved therapies, including luspatercept and crizanlizumab, have reduced transfusion requirements in patients with TDT and the incidence of vaso-occlusive episodes in those with SCD, respectively, but neither treatment addressed the underlying cause of the disease nor fully ameliorates disease manifestations," Frangoul and colleagues wrote.

The investigators reported that both patients had "early, substantial, and sustained increases" in pancellularly distributed fetal hemoglobin levels during the 12-month study period. Further, the patients no longer required transfusions, and the patient with SCD no longer experienced vaso-occlusive episodes after the treatment.

In commentary accompanying the report, Harry Malech, MD, Genetic Immunotherapy Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, described the investigators' application of the gene-editing technology as a "remarkable level of functional correction of the disease phenotype."

"With tangible results for their patients, Frangoul et al have provided a proof of principle of the emerging clinical potential for gene-editing treatments to ameliorate the burden of human disease," Malech pronounced.

In the other published trial, with 6 patients with SCD, Erica Esrick MD, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, and colleagues described results with infusion of gene-modified cells derived from lentivirus insertion of a gene that knocks down BCL11a by encoding an erythroid-specific, inhibitory short-hairpin RNA (shRNA).

The severity of SCD that qualified patients for enrollment included history of stroke (n = 3), frequent vaso-occlusive events (n = 2) and frequent episodes of priapism (1).Patients were followed for 2 years, and offered enrollment in a 13-year long-term follow-up study.The infusion of the experimental drug BCH-BB694, from the short hairpin RNA embedded within an endogeonous micro RNA scaffold (termed a shmiR vector), was initiated after myeloablation with busulfan.

Esrick and colleagues reported that, at median follow-up of 18 months (range, 7-29), all patients had engraftment and a robust and stable HbF induction broadly distributed in red cells.Clinical manifestations of SCD were reduced or absent during the follow-up period; with no patient having a vaso-occlusive crisis, acute chest syndrome, or stoke subsequent to the gene therapy infusion.Adverse events were consistent with effects of the preparative chemotherapy.

"The field of autologous gene therapies for hemoglobinopathies is advancing rapidly," Esrick and colleagues reported, "including lentiviral trials of gene addition in which the nonsickling hemoglobin is formed from an exogenous -globin or modified -globin gene."

Walters agreed that gene therapy is rapidly progressing, but expressed concern about the large gap that looms between laboratory bench and clinical bedside, particularly for this affected population.

"Access to and delivery of these highly technical therapies in patients with sickle cell disease will be challenging and probably limited to resource-rich nations, at least in the short term," Walters commented.

The studies, CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing for Sickle Cell Disease and -Thalassemia, as well as, Post-Transcriptional Genetic Silencing of BCL11A to Treat Sickle Cell Disease, were published online in The New England Journal of Medicine.

Read the original here:
Two Gene Therapies Fix Fault in Sickle Cell Disease and -thalassemia - MD Magazine

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Crispr And Crispr-Associated (Cas) Genes Marketresearch report is the new statistical data source added byA2Z Market Research.

Crispr And Crispr-Associated (Cas) Genes Market is growing at a High CAGR during the forecast period 2021-2027. The increasing interest of the individuals in this industry is that the major reason for the expansion of this market.

Crispr And Crispr-Associated (Cas) Genes Marketresearch is an intelligence report with meticulous efforts undertaken to study the right and valuable information. The data which has been looked upon is done considering both, the existing top players and the upcoming competitors. Business strategies of the key players and the new entering market industries are studied in detail. Well explained SWOT analysis, revenue share and contact information are shared in this report analysis.

Get the PDF Sample Copy (Including FULL TOC, Graphs and Tables) of this report @:

https://www.a2zmarketresearch.com/sample?reportId=387134

Note In order to provide more accurate market forecast, all our reports will be updated before delivery by considering the impact of COVID-19.

Top Key Players Profiled in this report are:

Intellia Therapeutics, GE Healthcare Dharmacon, Caribou Biosciences, Merck KGaA, Editas Medicine, Mirus Bio LLC, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Takara Bio USA, Horizon Discovery Group, CRISPR THERAPEUTICS, Addgene.

The key questions answered in this report:

Various factors are responsible for the markets growth trajectory, which are studied at length in the report. In addition, the report lists down the restraints that are posing threat to the global Crispr And Crispr-Associated (Cas) Genes market. It also gauges the bargaining power of suppliers and buyers, threat from new entrants and product substitute, and the degree of competition prevailing in the market. The influence of the latest government guidelines is also analyzed in detail in the report. It studies the Crispr And Crispr-Associated (Cas) Genes markets trajectory between forecast periods.

Global Crispr And Crispr-Associated (Cas) Genes Market Segmentation:

Market Segmentation: By Type

Genome EditingGenetic engineeringgRNA Database/Gene LibrarCRISPR PlasmidHuman Stem Cells

Market Segmentation: By Application

Biotechnology CompaniesPharmaceutical CompaniesAcademic InstitutesResearch and Development Institutes

Get up to 30% Discount on this Premium Report @:

https://www.a2zmarketresearch.com/discount?reportId=387134

Regions Covered in the Global Crispr And Crispr-Associated (Cas) Genes Market Report 2021:The Middle East and Africa(GCC Countries and Egypt)North America(the United States, Mexico, and Canada)South America(Brazil etc.)Europe(Turkey, Germany, Russia UK, Italy, France, etc.)Asia-Pacific(Vietnam, China, Malaysia, Japan, Philippines, Korea, Thailand, India, Indonesia, and Australia)

The cost analysis of the Global Crispr And Crispr-Associated (Cas) Genes Market has been performed while keeping in view manufacturing expenses, labor cost, and raw materials and their market concentration rate, suppliers, and price trend. Other factors such as Supply chain, downstream buyers, and sourcing strategy have been assessed to provide a complete and in-depth view of the market. Buyers of the report will also be exposed to a study on market positioning with factors such as target client, brand strategy, and price strategy taken into consideration.

The report provides insights on the following pointers:

Market Penetration:Comprehensive information on the product portfolios of the top players in the Crispr And Crispr-Associated (Cas) Genes market.

Product Development/Innovation:Detailed insights on the upcoming technologies, R&D activities, and product launches in the market.

Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of the market strategies, geographic and business segments of the leading players in the market.

Market Development:Comprehensive information about emerging markets. This report analyzes the market for various segments across geographies.

Market Diversification:Exhaustive information about new products, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the Crispr And Crispr-Associated (Cas) Genes market.

Table of Contents

Global Crispr And Crispr-Associated (Cas) Genes Market Research Report 2021 2027

Chapter 1 Crispr And Crispr-Associated (Cas) Genes Market Overview

Chapter 2 Global Economic Impact on Industry

Chapter 3 Global Market Competition by Manufacturers

Chapter 4 Global Production, Revenue (Value) by Region

Chapter 5 Global Supply (Production), Consumption, Export, Import by Regions

Chapter 6 Global Production, Revenue (Value), Price Trend by Type

Chapter 7 Global Market Analysis by Application

Chapter 8 Manufacturing Cost Analysis

Chapter 9 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers

Chapter 10 Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders

Chapter 11 Market Effect Factors Analysis

Chapter 12 Global Crispr And Crispr-Associated (Cas) Genes Market Forecast

Buy Exclusive Report @:

https://www.a2zmarketresearch.com/buy?reportId=387134

If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.

About A2Z Market Research:

The A2Z Market Research library provides syndication reports from market researchers around the world. Ready-to-buy syndication Market research studies will help you find the most relevant business intelligence.

Our Research Analyst Provides business insights and market research reports for large and small businesses.

The company helps clients build business policies and grow in that market area. A2Z Market Research is not only interested in industry reports dealing with telecommunications, healthcare, pharmaceuticals, financial services, energy, technology, real estate, logistics, F & B, media, etc. but also your company data, country profiles, trends, information and analysis on the sector of your interest.

Contact Us:

Roger Smith

1887 WHITNEY MESA DR HENDERSON, NV 89014

[emailprotected]

+1 775 237 4147

https://murphyshockeylaw.net/

View original post here:
Comprehensive Report on Crispr And Crispr-Associated (Cas) Genes Market 2021 | Trends, Growth Demand, Opportunities & Forecast To 2027 | Intellia...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

The Constitution directs Congress to provide and maintain a Navy. This direction is open to many interpretations, but Congress resolved the current policy with direction to build a 355-ship Navy with 12 carriers and defined other categories of ships. The president signed the law, but the last administration did nothing to implement it. Now is the time to start implementation.

Russia is rebuilding its Navy with emphasis on highly capable submarines. But the major challenge comes from China.

During the last 30 years, China has transitioned from a land power to a major maritime power. It started with commercial activities. It is the largest producer of merchant ships. It has one of the largest commercial fleets in international trade. It has container and port management in several countries, including the United States. It has roughly 17,000 open-ocean fishing ships around the world.

As described in a recent U.S. Defense Department study, China now has the worlds largest navy. It has an overseas base on the Red Sea, with others planned in the Indian Ocean area. Navy shipbuilding is accelerating, with quality improving in each ship generation. It has not caught up with the U.S. and allies, but the challenge is clear.

The Biden administration will undertake a review of naval forces but must understand the rapid change now occurring. Shipbuilding budgets of the last 30 years will not be adequate to build this fleet. They will need to approximate the Cold War annual average of about $25 billion in constant dollars.

The important starting point is carrier force levels. Carriers have proven to be the most important naval force when power is needed. Many in the Pentagon want to reduce the current level of 11 to eight. This is wrong. Congress has it right by planning 12. The fastest way to get there is refueling the aircraft carrier Nimitz rather than retiring it.

Rebuilding will be a combination of new construction and upgrading, with life extension of current ships. For example, the current plan will retire 22 guided-missile cruisers with 2,000 missile launchers and 44 5-inch guns. This is a major offensive capability that should be retained along with that ship class anti-submarine capability.

There are a few glimmers of hope. The DDG-51 class has contained cost growth and is a promising ballistic missile defense ship. The new frigate, based on a proven Italian design, provides hope to a low cost but capable, multimission combatant that, with competition, can be built in quantity.

Sign up for our Early Bird Brief Get the defense industry's most comprehensive news and information straight to your inbox

Subscribe

Enter a valid email address (please select a country) United States United Kingdom Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo Congo, The Democratic Republic of The Cook Islands Costa Rica Cote D'ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Islands (Malvinas) Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern Territories Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guinea Guinea-bissau Guyana Haiti Heard Island and Mcdonald Islands Holy See (Vatican City State) Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran, Islamic Republic of Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Republic of Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Micronesia, Federated States of Moldova, Republic of Monaco Mongolia Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norfolk Island Northern Mariana Islands Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Palestinian Territory, Occupied Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Pitcairn Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Reunion Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Helena Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Vincent and The Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia and Montenegro Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Georgia and The South Sandwich Islands Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Svalbard and Jan Mayen Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Taiwan, Province of China Tajikistan Tanzania, United Republic of Thailand Timor-leste Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States United States Minor Outlying Islands Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Viet Nam Virgin Islands, British Virgin Islands, U.S. Wallis and Futuna Western Sahara Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Thanks for signing up!

By giving us your email, you are opting in to the Early Bird Brief.

Many problems remain. The Ford-class carrier is about 10 years late and 25 percent over budget largely because the mission-critical weapons elevators as well as both aircraft-launch and arresting-gear projects failed on the planned schedule.

Attack submarine production ramp-up is currently limited by a supplier base shrunken in the 1990s. The new ballistic missile submarine now shows signs of design delay. The littoral combat ship is still searching for a mission. Propulsion system reliability on one design has caused deliveries to be stopped.

Plus there is the very high cost DDG-1000, which does not have ammunition for its unique gun because development was canceled. Navy wants to build a new cruiser but has not developed the combat system (nor the cost estimate) for it. Several classes of logistic ships are planned, but costs have risen far beyond the constant dollar costs of prior classes.

Added to all this is the diversion of unmanned ships. Many assume that these experimental prototype ships will be the Navy of the future. While there are important and probable missions, performance is not proven.

The cost-management problem is best summarized by the replacement cost of the amphibious assault ship Bonhomme Richard. Original cost in constant dollars is $1.3 billion. The Navy says that current replacement cost is $4.1 billion. This is a clear case of out-of-control requirements creep and manufacturing inefficiency at many levels.

Cost control has to be restored if there is to be any hope of rebuilding the Navy.

Rebuilding and expanding the Navy is a major challenge. Recent results do not inspire confidence. The four important and interdependent lessons that we learned in the 1980s need to be remembered and applied. In brief, they are:

Everett Pyatt is a former assistant secretary of the U.S. Navy for shipbuilding and logistics.

Read the original here:
Here are the challenges involved in building the future US Navy - DefenseNews.com

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

TEFEN, Israel, Jan. 19, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Fresh produce packaging innovators, StePac Ltd. are gaining growing interest in the retail sector for their functional standing pouches. The attractive, high-performance resealable bags are crafted with the company's proprietary Xgoadvanced modified atmosphere/modified humidity (MA/MH) technology. They're designed to significantly lengthen the shelf life of fresh produce and reduce waste in the supply chain as well as in the consumer's homes. The pouch enhances consumer experience and concurrently helps raise the fresh food packaging sector to greater ethical standards by contributing its part to the global waste reduction effort.

Divine Flavor, LLC, a San Diego, Calif.-based, grower-owned distributor of fruits and vegetables and part of agro giant Grupo Alta, have already adopted StePac's new standing pouches. The attractively designed Xgo standing pouch is cleverly engineered to combine shelf-life extension capabilities by actively slowing the aging and ripening process, with convenience in an attractive "grab-n-go" retail packaging format.

Since 2010, Divine Flavor took advantage of StePac's Xtendline ofbulk packaging for transporting its squash, cucumbers and bell peppers from growing regions in Mexico to USA. The company began testing the new Xgo standing pouches just over two years ago in a move to expand their line of high value products and bring differentiation of their brand by offering supermarkets a means of bringing the purposeful packaging benefits all the way from the farm to the consumer.

Xgo standing pouches allowed the company to shift to packing fresh produce in the final retail format at source. Impressed by the consistent performance, the Divine Flavor technical team fully adopted the protocol in 2020 for direct field-to-home refrigerator packaging of its Persian cucumbers for the US market. It is now arousing the interest of fresh produce distributers around the globe.

"The Xgo standing pouch is a remarkably high performing product, with an unrivalled ability to retain freshness and meaningfully extend product shelf life," attests Michael DuPuis, Quality Assurance and Public Relations Coordinator for Divine Flavors. "The Feedback from our customers has been excellent; they're really happy with the quality and attractive appearance and the fact that it has that sustainability edge consumers are seeking."

The Xgostanding pouchlife extension capabilities are due to unique properties inbuilt into the packaging matrix that functions to lower oxygen (O2) and increase carbon dioxide (CO2). This creates optimal conditions for slowing respiration and senescence (aging) in plant tissues, inhibiting the growth of mold and other microorganisms, thereby preserving freshness and valuable nutrients. The StePac technology limits dehydration and product weight loss during storage, shipment, and home use and has inbuilt condensation control, that ensures high visibility of the packed products even under challenging supply chain conditions.

StePac's breakthrough pouches are resealable and are also available in fully recyclable formats, contributing to a circular economy. They can be decoratively printed for personal brands to evoke instant product recognition while on the shelves and come with a convenient grab handle.

"Our packaging designs have traditionally focused on the wholesale sector, offering a lean functional solution to bulk packaging of high-value fresh produce that can support long haul shipments as well as storage," says Gary Ward, Ph.D., Business Development Manager for StePac. "It already demonstrated abilities to extend shelf life by 50-100%, bringing promising support to food-waste reduction. In the midst of current Covid19 climate, concerns for food safety are driving demand for more retail packaging. We have purpose designed our packaging to preserve quality and reduce waste in the most sustainable way possible. We are increasingly venturing into the retail sector to bring this sustainable resource saving solution into consumers' homes."

About StePac:

StePac specializes in functional packaging for fresh produce. Its globally recognized brands include Xtend, Xgo, Xflow and Xbloom modified-atmosphere/modified-humidity packaging solutions. These solutions reduce weight loss, slow respiration and aging, and inhibit microbial decay, while prolonging storability and shelf life. They are supported by a wealth of post-harvest expertise for enhanced performance and sustainability.

SOURCE StePac

Read more here:
Divine Flavor adopts StePac' modified atmosphere standing pouches for extending produce shelf life in the retail sector - PRNewswire

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

BOULDER, Colo., Jan. 19, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- miRagen Therapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ: MGEN), a development-stage biotechnology company, today announced its name change to Viridian Therapeutics, Inc. (Viridian). Beginning tomorrow, Viridian will trade on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol "VRDN" and its common stock will trade under a new CUSIP number, 92790C104.

The Company also announced today the appointment of Jonathan Violin, Ph.D., M.B.A. as President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and member of the Board of Directors. Dr. Violin, who previously served as Viridians President and Chief Operating Officer (COO), succeeds Lee Rauch as CEO and member of the Board of Directors. Ms. Rauch will remain as strategic advisor for the Company.

In addition, Viridian appointed internationally recognized neuro-ophthalmologist, Barrett Katz M.D., M.B.A., as Chief Medical Officer (CMO). Dr. Katz comes to Viridian from BridgeBio Pharma, Inc. where he developed therapeutics to treat orphan eye diseases.

The leadership team changes and Viridian Therapeutics name reflect the continuing evolution of the company and our patient-centric model of innovation, said Dr. Violin. Were leveraging proven biology and technology to efficiently allocate research and development resources, while addressing strategic gaps related to access, delivery, quality of life, and efficacy. We are thrilled to attract someone with Dr. Katzs depth of expertise in serving patients and leading scientific and clinical programs.

During his tenure at BridgeBio, Dr. Katz held leadership positions in two subsidiaries, as President and CMO of Retinagenix and CEO of Fortify Therapeutics. Prior to BridgeBio, he was CMO at GenSight Biologics where he oversaw early- and late-stage clinical programs. He held the Francis DeJur Chair of Ophthalmology at the Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, where he also served as Professor of Ophthalmology, Neurology and Neurosurgery, as well as the Executive Director of the Office of Clinical Trials. He previously served as CEO of Danube Pharmaceuticals, CMO of Fovea Pharmaceuticals and VP for Medical Affairs and Strategy at Eyetech. Dr. Katz received an M.D. from Case-Western Reserve University School of Medicine, an M.B.A. from the University of Rochesters Simon School of Business, and an A.B. from Colgate University.

Prior to co-founding privately held Viridian Therapeutics, Dr. Violin had founded and served as CEO of two virtual drug discovery companies, Quellis Biosciences and Dianthus Therapeutics, and co-founded and held several executive positions at Trevena, Inc. He holds a Ph.D. in biomedical sciences from the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, an M.B.A. from the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University, and a B.S. from Duke University.

Viridian is developing multiple product candidates to treat patients who suffer from thyroid eye disease (TED), a debilitating orphan disease that can cause bulging eyes, or proptosis, as well as double vision and potential blindness. TED significantly impacts quality of life, imposing a high physical and mental burden on patients. There is currently one Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatment for TED, an intravenously administered monoclonal antibody that targets the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R).

Patients with TED have limited treatment options, said Dr. Katz. Viridian has a clear and compelling strategy to better serve these patients. I am delighted to help build upon the Companys recent momentum and eager to design and implement robust clinical programs for our lead product candidates.

Viridians most advanced product candidate is VRDN-001, an intravenously administered anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody which, the Company expects to proceed directly to a phase 2 trial, pending feedback from the FDA. In October, the Company obtained exclusive worldwide rights from ImmunoGen, Inc. to develop and commercialize VRDN-001 for all non-oncology indications that do not use radiopharmaceuticals, including the treatment of TED.

VRDN-002 is the Companys second-generation product candidate, incorporating half-life extension technology, and is intended for subcutaneous administration. Viridian holds exclusive rights to develop and commercialize antibody therapeutics targeting IGF-1R using the XtendTM half-life extension technology developed and owned by Xencor, Inc.

In the second half of 2021, Viridian expects to file Investigational New Drug (IND) applications for both VRDN-001 and VRDN-002.

AboutViridian Therapeutics

Viridian Therapeuticsis a biotechnology company advancing new treatments for patients suffering from serious diseases but underserved by todays therapies. Viridians most advanced program, VRDN-001, is a clinical-stage anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody in development for thyroid eye disease (TED). Viridian is headquartered inBoulder, Colorado, with research and development operations in Waltham, Massachusetts. Learn more about Viridian and our programs at viridiantherapeutics.com. Follow us on Twitter @ViridianThera and on LinkedIn.

Forward Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may be identified by the use of words such as, but not limited to, "anticipate," "believe," "continue," "could," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "might," "plan," "potential," "predict," "project," "should," "target," "will," or "would" or other similar terms or expressions that concern Viridians expectation, strategy, plans or intentions. Forward looking statements include, without limitation, statements regarding the Companys future research and clinical development plans and the potential commencement of the Companys Phase 2 clinical trial and the timing for any of these events. Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Instead, they are based on our current beliefs, expectations and assumptions regarding the future of our business, future plans and strategies, our clinical results and other future conditions. New risks and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible to predict all risks and uncertainties. No representations or warranties (expressed or implied) are made about the accuracy of any such forward-looking statements. We may not actually achieve the forecasts disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are subject to a number of material risks and uncertainties including but not limited to those set forth under the caption Risk Factors in Viridians Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on November 12, 2020 and in other filings Viridian makes with the SEC from time to time. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it was made. Neither we, nor our affiliates, advisors or representatives, undertake any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. These forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any date subsequent to the date hereof.

Viridian Contacts:

Investors:Dan FerryLifeSci Advisors617-430-7576IR@viridiantherapeutics.com

Media:Darby PearsonVerge Scientific Communications703-587-0831PR@viridiantherapeutics.com

Visit link:
miRagen Therapeutics Announces Company Name Change to Viridian Therapeutics and New Executive Appointments, Including Expansion of Leadership Team -...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

VANCOUVER, British Columbia--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Capstone Mining Corp. (Capstone or the Company) (TSX:CS) provides a corporate update including 2021 production and capital guidance, project and exploration updates and executive leadership announcements. Capstones 2020 actual production finished above the highest end of the 140 to 155 million pounds guidance range and actual costs below the bottom end of $1.85 to $2.00 per pound of payable copper. The Company will further expand on 2020 results when it releases 2020 fourth quarter results on Wednesday, February 24, 2021 before market open, followed by an investor webcast and conference call at 11:30 am Eastern Time.

2021 PRODUCTION, COST AND CAPITAL GUIDANCE

In 2021, Capstone expects to produce between 175 and 190 million pounds of copper at C1 cash costs1 of between $1.75 and $1.90 per pound payable copper produced.

This is the first year of a multi-year growth phase for Capstone that will target 40% higher production with 15% lower costs by 2022, compared to last years guidance, said Darren Pylot, President and CEO. In the coming weeks, we will close the $150 million silver stream announced last month with Wheaton Precious Metals and it will allow Capstone to become debt free in 2021, while operating in this strong copper price environment. I am also pleased to announce the appointment of Brad Mercer to Chief Operating Officer, as he has been instrumental in leading Cozamins success in exploration and expansion, and will now have expanded responsibility for both Cozamin and Pinto Valley operations.

Brad Mercer, SVP and Chief Operating Officer said, We have high impact, high return projects at each operation to advance this year. At Cozamin, we will release a pillar extraction study and new mine plan shortly, and following that our paste backfill and dry stack tailings project will officially commence. At Pinto Valley, the Eriez HydroFloat project is in final stage gate review following pilot plant testing which surpassed our 6% improvement target to overall copper recovery. This test gave us a sneak peak of where we want to get to in 2022; for the month of December, Pinto Valley averaged a record 60,717 tonnes per day.

Darren Pylot continued, I am pleased to announce we have extended our exclusive discussions with Puerto Ventanas on a port and rail definitive agreement partnership for the Santo Domingo project. This, coupled with a possible gold stream, will significantly reduce the remaining capital needed as we advance discussions with potential strategic partners over the next six months.

2021 GUIDANCE

Pinto Valley

Cozamin

Santo Domingo2

Total

Production and Cost (US$)

Copper production (million pounds)

127 137

48 53

-

175 190

C1 Cash Cost1

$2.00 $2.15

$1.00 $1.15

-

$1.75 $1.90

Capital Expenditure (US$ millions, rounded)

Sustaining

$43

$25

-

$68

Capitalized Stripping - Expansionary

$7

-

-

$7

Expansionary

$20

$13

$20

$53

Total Capital Expenditure

$70

$38

$20

$128

Exploration (US$ millions, rounded)

Brownfield (Cozamin)

-

$5

-

$5

Greenfield (Mexico and Brazil)

-

-

-

$4

Total Exploration

-

$5

-

$9

2 On a 100% basis, the figure for expansionary capital at Santo Domingo is $29 million; $20 million is Capstones 70% ownership.

Sustainable 200 Million Pounds Production By 2022

2020 was a pivotal year for Capstone, at both Cozamin and Pinto Valley, as several projects were implemented to increase throughput and lower costs.

At Cozamin, the one-way ramp connection was completed in December which will lead to a 30% increase in mining rates to 3,800 tonnes per day (tpd), supported by a higher grade mine plan, which will deliver 50 million pounds of copper production and higher moving forward.

At Pinto Valley, Phase 1 of the PV3 Optimization was executed and the result of improved blast fragmentation in the mine, increased online time in the crushing plant, and higher mill throughput has translated to sustainable gains in overall performance. In 2021, Capstone expects mill throughput to average 56,000-57,000 tpd, which is a 10% increase in throughput from 2019 levels, and is targeting an increase to 60,000 to 63,000 tpd by 2022 following Phase 2 of PV3 Optimization work this year. The $20 million of expansionary work this year includes the replacement of another secondary crusher with 50% more capacity, upgrades to conveyors in the fine crushing plant, a mill shell replacement and upgrades to the tailings thickeners to improve water reclaim capability. All the PV3 Optimization projects will be included in an updated 43-101 Technical Report for Pinto Valley in H2 2021.

TWO HIGH IMPACT AND HIGH RETURN PROJECTS TO ADVANCE STARTING IN Q1 2021

Cozamin Paste Backfill and Dry Stack Tailings

In early Q1, Capstone will release an updated technical report for Cozamin which will include a new Reserve and Resource, inclusive of all the drilling completed in 2020, and results of the underground paste backfill prefeasibility study (PFS) to assess the potential for increasing the extraction ratio from Vein 20 in the Mala Noche Footwall Zone (MNFWZ). The current life of mine plan released in September 2020 excluded these pillars and assumed an extraction ratio of 74%, leaving 3.5 million tonnes of Indicated Mineral Resources grading 1.89% copper and 42 g/t silver in unmined pillars that is the subject of the PFS. These pillars, plus additional reserves from drilling, represent increased mine life potential. The $45 to $50 million project will commence this year and when in operation, targeted for Q1 2023, will allow for maximizing the extraction of high-grade ore. It will also improve environmental performance given 60% of our tailings will be sent underground and the remaining tailings will employ best practice dry-stack technology.

Pinto Valley Eriez HydroFloat Coarse Particle Floatation

The Eriez HydroFloat project is currently in final stage gate review following positive pilot plant testing which showed that a 6 to 8% increase in overall copper recovery at Pinto Valley is achievable. Furthermore, this technology will allow the operation increased throughput by operating at a coarser grind size, which is expected to lower power costs, improve water consumption and lead to higher stability in the tailings storage facility. Following final approval in Q1 2021, the $50 to $70 million expansionary capital will be spread over 2021 and early 2022, with start-up expected in Q2 2022. This will add to the $20 million of expansionary capital guidance for this year. Capstone will provide an update on the Eriez HydroFloat project in our 2020 results news release on February 24, 2021.

FUTURE GROWTH

Santo Domingo Capstone Enters into Exclusive Discussions with Puerto Ventanas for the Port and Rail

In September 2020, Capstone announced it had entered into a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Puerto Ventanas S.A. for the Santo Domingo projects port and rail. A mutually attractive proposal is now being considered with synergies in business strategies identified. Exclusive negotiations around a proposed economic offer and framework agreement are ongoing. In addition to a port and rail deal with Puerto Ventanas, a gold stream and a strategic partnership are key deliverables for Capstone during H1 2021.

PV4 Study

Work on scenarios to take advantage of approximately one billion tonnes of Resource at similar grade to Pinto Valleys current Reserves will be conducted. Extensive column leach test work in collaboration with Jetti Resources will take place over 2021. The Jetti catalytic technology has been a success at Pinto Valleys leaching operation, where we expect to recover up to 350 million pounds of cathode copper over the current mine life from historic and new mineralized waste piles. Capstone is a pioneer of this leach technology and we intend to use it to enhance the economics of a future expansion at Pinto Valley. Other technologies we are studying include autonomous trucking that could lower mining costs up to 30%. The PV4 study is expected to be released in 2022, and will contemplate using existing mill infrastructure rather than building new, with higher mining rates, higher cut-off grades to the mill and increased tonnage available for leaching.

EXPLORATION UPDATE

The 2021 budget for brownfield exploration is $5 million and $4 million for greenfield exploration in Mexico and Brazil. Refer to the Exploration page on Capstones website for detailed information. An exploration update will be released in Q1 detailing recent exploration results and plans for 2021.

Cozamin Step-Out Drill Program

An 80-hole step-out drill program at Cozamin is targeting the down dip extension to the southeast of both Vein 10 and Vein 20 of the MNFWZ and extension to the west of the MNFWZ. The MNFWZ West is a new copper-silver target identified in November 2020, resulting from a reinterpreted vein model, and is accessible from both the historic San Roberto mine and the current MNFWZ Vein 20 mine. Drilling at the MNFWZ West target has commenced and will take priority over the East during 2021, as accessibility is better in the West. The East target will be easier to access following the development of an exploration drift this year.

Figure 1 Two areas of active expansion exploration at Cozamin including MNFWZ West and MNFWZ East

EXECUTIVE ANNOUNCEMENTS

Brad Mercer has been appointed to the position of Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer. Brad joined Capstone over 15 years ago and is a valued member of the senior leadership team. Over the past few years, Brad has demonstrated his operational excellence through the execution of the mine expansion project at Cozamin. In combination with his expertise in geology, his innovative lens on operations will be a significant benefit to Capstones operating assets. Brad will provide operational leadership and oversight to both Pinto Valley and Cozamin and will also continue to oversee all exploration activities.

Wendy King has an expanded role that will include her senior executive oversight on environment, social and governance (ESG). Her position is now Senior Vice President, Risk, ESG and General Counsel. In addition to leading matters relating to legal corporate governance insurance and overseeing the enterprise-wide risk management strategy, she will now lead the companys strategy for ESG and sustainability.

Q4 2020 RESULTS CONFERENCE CALL AND WEBCAST DETAILS

Capstone will release its 2020 fourth quarter results on Wednesday, February 24, 2021 before market open, followed by an investor webcast and conference call on the same day at 11:30 am ET (8:30 am PT).

Link to the webcast and audio:

https://produceredition.webcasts.com/starthere.jsp?ei=1420420&tp_key=d986555c4e

Dial-in numbers for the audio-only portion of the conference call are below. Due to an increase in call volume, please dial-in at least five minutes prior to 11:30 am ET to ensure placement into the conference line on time.

Toronto: (+1) 416-764-8650Vancouver: (+1) 778-383-7413North America toll free: 888-664-6383Confirmation #59411728

A replay of the conference call will be available until March 3, 2021. Dial-in numbers for Toronto: (+1) 416-764-8677 and North American toll free: 888-390-0541. The replay code is 411728#. Following the replay, an audio file will be available on Capstones website at: https://capstonemining.com/investors/events-and-presentations/default.aspx.

ABOUT CAPSTONE MINING CORP.

Capstone Mining Corp. is a Canadian base metals mining company, focused on copper. We are committed to the responsible development of our assets and the environments in which we operate. Our two producing mines are the Pinto Valley copper mine located in Arizona, US and the Cozamin copper-silver mine in Zacatecas State, Mexico. In addition, Capstone owns 70% of Santo Domingo, a large scale, fully permitted, copper-iron-gold project in Region III, Chile, in partnership with Korea Resources Corporation, as well as a portfolio of exploration properties. Capstone's strategy is to focus on the optimization of operations and assets in politically stable, mining-friendly regions, centred in the Americas. Our headquarters are in Vancouver, Canada and we are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX). Further information is available at http://www.capstonemining.com.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

This document may contain forward-looking information within the meaning of Canadian securities legislation and forward-looking statements within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (collectively, forward-looking statements). These forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this document and the Company does not intend, and does not assume any obligation, to update these forward-looking statements, except as required under applicable securities legislation.

Forward-looking statements relate to future events or future performance and reflect our expectations or beliefs regarding future events and the impacts of the ongoing and evolving COVID-19 pandemic. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to the estimation of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, the expected success of the underground paste backfill system study, the realization of Mineral Reserve estimates, the timing and amount of estimated future production, costs of production and capital expenditures, the success of our mining operations, the continuing success of mineral exploration, the estimations for potential quantities and grade of inferred resources and exploration targets, Capstones ability to fund future exploration activities, environmental risks, unanticipated reclamation expenses and title disputes. The potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and operations are unknown at this time, including Capstones ability to manage challenges and restrictions arising from COVID-19 in the communities in which Capstone operates and our ability to continue to safely operate and to safely return our business to normal operations. The impact of COVID-19 to Capstone is dependent on a number of factors outside of our control and knowledge, including the effectiveness of the measures taken by public health and governmental authorities to combat the spread of the disease, global economic uncertainties and outlook due to the disease, and the evolving restrictions relating to mining activities and to travel in certain jurisdictions in which we operate.

In certain cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as plans, expects, budget, scheduled, estimates, forecasts, intends, anticipates, believes or variations of such words and phrases, or statements that certain actions, events or results may, could, would, might or will be taken, occur or be achieved or the negative of these terms or comparable terminology. In this document certain forward-looking statements are identified by words including anticipated, guidance, plan and expected. By their very nature, forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Such factors include, amongst others, risks related to inherent hazards associated with mining operations and closure of mining projects, future prices of copper and other metals, compliance with financial covenants, surety bonding, our ability to raise capital, Capstones ability to acquire properties for growth, counterparty risks associated with sales of our metals, use of financial derivative instruments and associated counterparty risks, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, market access restrictions or tariffs, changes in general economic conditions, accuracy of Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve estimates, operating in foreign jurisdictions with risk of changes to governmental regulation, compliance with governmental regulations, compliance with environmental laws and regulations, reliance on approvals, licenses and permits from governmental authorities, acting as Indemnitor for Minto Exploration Ltd.s surety bond obligations post divestiture, impact of climatic conditions on our Pinto Valley and Cozamin operations, aboriginal title claims and rights to consultation and accommodation, land reclamation and mine closure obligations, risks relating to widespread epidemics or pandemic outbreak including the COVID-19 pandemic; the impact of COVID-19 on our workforce, suppliers and other essential resources and what effect those impacts, if they occur, would have on our business, including our ability to access goods and supplies, the ability to transport our products and impacts on employee productivity, the risks in connection with the operations, cash flow and results of Capstone relating to the unknown duration and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, uncertainties and risks related to the potential development of the Santo Domingo Project, including our ability to finance the Project, increased operating and capital costs, challenges to title to our mineral properties, maintaining ongoing social license to operate, dependence on key management personnel, potential conflicts of interest involving our directors and officers, corruption and bribery, limitations inherent in our insurance coverage, labour relations, increasing energy prices, competition in the mining industry, risks associated with joint venture partners, our ability to integrate new acquisitions into our operations, cybersecurity threats, legal proceedings, and other risks of the mining industry as well as those factors detailed from time to time in the Companys interim and annual financial statements and MD&A of those statements, all of which are filed and available for review under the Companys profile on SEDAR at http://www.sedar.com. Although the Company has attempted to identify important factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those described in our forward-looking statements, there may be other factors that cause our results, performance or achievements not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended. There can be no assurance that our forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate, as our actual results, performance or achievements could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements.

NATIONAL INSTRUMENT 43-101 COMPLIANCE

Unless otherwise indicated, Capstone has prepared the technical information in this news release (Technical Information) based on information contained in the technical reports, Annual Information Form and news releases (collectively the Disclosure Documents) available under Capstone Mining Corp.s company profile on SEDAR at http://www.sedar.com. Each Disclosure Document was prepared by or under the supervision of a qualified person (a Qualified Person) as defined in National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects of the Canadian Securities Administrators (NI 43-101). Readers are encouraged to review the full text of the Disclosure Documents which qualifies the Technical Information. Readers are advised that Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability. The Disclosure Documents are each intended to be read as a whole, and sections should not be read or relied upon out of context. The Technical Information is subject to the assumptions and qualifications contained in the Disclosure Documents. Disclosure Documents include the National Instrument 43-101 compliant technical reports titled "NI 43-101 Technical Report on the Cozamin Mine, Zacatecas, Mexico" effective October 23, 2020, Pinto Valley Mine Life Extension Phase 3 (PV3) Pre-Feasibility Study effective January 1, 2016 and Santo Domingo Project, Region III, Chile, NI 43-101 Technical Report effective February 19, 2020.

The disclosure of scientific and Technical Information in this news release was reviewed and approved by Brad Mercer, P. Geol., Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer.

ALTERNATIVE PERFORMANCE MEASURES

Alternative performance measures are furnished to provide additional information. These non-GAAP performance measures are included in this news release because these statistics are key performance measures that management uses to monitor performance, to assess how the Company is performing, and to plan and assess the overall effectiveness and efficiency of mining operations. These performance measures do not have a standard meaning within IFRS and, therefore, amounts presented may not be comparable to similar data presented by other mining companies. These performance measures should not be considered in isolation as a substitute for measures of performance in accordance with IFRS.

Read the original:
Capstone Advances Two Operational Growth Projects to Sustain 200 Mlbs Copper Production Starting in 2022 - Business Wire

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

LOS ANGELES, United States: QY Research has recently published a research report titled, Global Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size, Status and Forecast 2021-2027. This report has been prepared by experienced and knowledgeable market analysts and researchers. It is a phenomenal compilation of important studies that explore the competitive landscape, segmentation, geographical expansion, and revenue, production, and consumption growth of the global Male Hypogonadism Therapy market. Players can use the accurate market facts and figures and statistical studies provided in the report to understand the current and future growth of the global Male Hypogonadism Therapy market.

The report includes CAGR, market shares, sales, gross margin, value, volume, and other vital market figures that give an exact picture of the growth of the global Male Hypogonadism Therapy market.

Competitive Landscape

Competitor analysis is one of the best sections of the report that compares the progress of leading players based on crucial parameters, including market share, new developments, global reach, local competition, price, and production. From the nature of competition to future changes in the vendor landscape, the report provides in-depth analysis of the competition in the global Male Hypogonadism Therapy market.

Key questions answered in the report:

TOC

1 Report Overview1.1 Study Scope1.2 Market Analysis by Type1.2.1 Global Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size Growth Rate by Type: 2016 VS 2021 VS 20271.2.2 Parenteral1.2.3 Transdermal1.2.4 Oral1.2.5 Others1.3 Market by Application1.3.1 Global Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Share by Application: 2016 VS 2021 VS 20271.3.2 Hospitals1.3.3 Drugstores1.3.4 Others1.4 Study Objectives1.5 Years Considered 2 Global Growth Trends2.1 Global Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Perspective (2016-2027)2.2 Male Hypogonadism Therapy Growth Trends by Regions2.2.1 Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Regions: 2016 VS 2021 VS 20272.2.2 Male Hypogonadism Therapy Historic Market Share by Regions (2016-2021)2.2.3 Male Hypogonadism Therapy Forecasted Market Size by Regions (2022-2027)2.3 Male Hypogonadism Therapy Industry Dynamic2.3.1 Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Trends2.3.2 Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Drivers2.3.3 Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Challenges2.3.4 Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Restraints 3 Competition Landscape by Key Players3.1 Global Top Male Hypogonadism Therapy Players by Revenue3.1.1 Global Top Male Hypogonadism Therapy Players by Revenue (2016-2021)3.1.2 Global Male Hypogonadism Therapy Revenue Market Share by Players (2016-2021)3.2 Global Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)3.3 Players Covered: Ranking by Male Hypogonadism Therapy Revenue3.4 Global Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Concentration Ratio3.4.1 Global Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)3.4.2 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by Male Hypogonadism Therapy Revenue in 20203.5 Male Hypogonadism Therapy Key Players Head office and Area Served3.6 Key Players Male Hypogonadism Therapy Product Solution and Service3.7 Date of Enter into Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans 4 Male Hypogonadism Therapy Breakdown Data by Type4.1 Global Male Hypogonadism Therapy Historic Market Size by Type (2016-2021)4.2 Global Male Hypogonadism Therapy Forecasted Market Size by Type (2022-2027) 5 Male Hypogonadism Therapy Breakdown Data by Application5.1 Global Male Hypogonadism Therapy Historic Market Size by Application (2016-2021)5.2 Global Male Hypogonadism Therapy Forecasted Market Size by Application (2022-2027) 6 North America6.1 North America Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size (2016-2027)6.2 North America Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Type6.2.1 North America Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Type (2016-2021)6.2.2 North America Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Type (2022-2027)6.2.3 North America Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Type (2016-2027)6.3 North America Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Application6.3.1 North America Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Application (2016-2021)6.3.2 North America Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Application (2022-2027)6.3.3 North America Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Application (2016-2027)6.4 North America Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Country6.4.1 North America Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Country (2016-2021)6.4.2 North America Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Country (2022-2027)6.4.3 United States6.4.3 Canada 7 Europe7.1 Europe Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size (2016-2027)7.2 Europe Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Type7.2.1 Europe Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Type (2016-2021)7.2.2 Europe Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Type (2022-2027)7.2.3 Europe Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Type (2016-2027)7.3 Europe Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Application7.3.1 Europe Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Application (2016-2021)7.3.2 Europe Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Application (2022-2027)7.3.3 Europe Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Application (2016-2027)7.4 Europe Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Country7.4.1 Europe Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Country (2016-2021)7.4.2 Europe Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Country (2022-2027)7.4.3 Germany7.4.4 France7.4.5 U.K.7.4.6 Italy7.4.7 Russia7.4.8 Nordic 8 Asia-Pacific8.1 Asia-Pacific Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size (2016-2027)8.2 Asia-Pacific Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Type8.2.1 Asia-Pacific Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Type (2016-2021)8.2.2 Asia-Pacific Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Type (2022-2027)8.2.3 Asia-Pacific Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Type (2016-2027)8.3 Asia-Pacific Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Application8.3.1 Asia-Pacific Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Application (2016-2021)8.3.2 Asia-Pacific Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Application (2022-2027)8.3.3 Asia-Pacific Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Application (2016-2027)8.4 Asia-Pacific Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Region8.4.1 Asia-Pacific Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Region (2016-2021)8.4.2 Asia-Pacific Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Region (2022-2027)8.4.3 China8.4.4 Japan8.4.5 South Korea8.4.6 Southeast Asia8.4.7 India8.4.8 Australia 9 Latin America9.1 Latin America Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size (2016-2027)9.2 Latin America Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Type9.2.1 Latin America Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Type (2016-2021)9.2.2 Latin America Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Type (2022-2027)9.2.3 Latin America Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Type (2016-2027)9.3 Latin America Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Application9.3.1 Latin America Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Application (2016-2021)9.3.2 Latin America Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Application (2022-2027)9.3.3 Latin America Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Application (2016-2027)9.4 Latin America Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Country9.4.1 Latin America Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Country (2016-2021)9.4.2 Latin America Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Country (2022-2027)9.4.3 Mexico9.4.4 Brazil 10 Middle East & Africa10.1 Middle East & Africa Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size (2016-2027)10.2 Middle East & Africa Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Type10.2.1 Middle East & Africa Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Type (2016-2021)10.2.2 Middle East & Africa Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Type (2022-2027)10.2.3 Middle East & Africa Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Type (2016-2027)10.3 Middle East & Africa Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Application10.3.1 Middle East & Africa Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Application (2016-2021)10.3.2 Middle East & Africa Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Application (2022-2027)10.3.3 Middle East & Africa Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Application (2016-2027)10.4 Middle East & Africa Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Country10.4.1 Middle East & Africa Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Country (2016-2021)10.4.2 Middle East & Africa Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Size by Country (2022-2027)10.4.3 Turkey10.4.4 Saudi Arabia10.4.5 UAE 11 Key Players Profiles11.1 Eli Lilly11.1.1 Eli Lilly Company Details11.1.2 Eli Lilly Business Overview11.1.3 Eli Lilly Male Hypogonadism Therapy Introduction11.1.4 Eli Lilly Revenue in Male Hypogonadism Therapy Business (2016-2021)11.1.5 Eli Lilly Recent Development11.2 Pfizer11.2.1 Pfizer Company Details11.2.2 Pfizer Business Overview11.2.3 Pfizer Male Hypogonadism Therapy Introduction11.2.4 Pfizer Revenue in Male Hypogonadism Therapy Business (2016-2021)11.2.5 Pfizer Recent Development11.3 AbbVie11.3.1 AbbVie Company Details11.3.2 AbbVie Business Overview11.3.3 AbbVie Male Hypogonadism Therapy Introduction11.3.4 AbbVie Revenue in Male Hypogonadism Therapy Business (2016-2021)11.3.5 AbbVie Recent Development11.4 Novo Nordisk11.4.1 Novo Nordisk Company Details11.4.2 Novo Nordisk Business Overview11.4.3 Novo Nordisk Male Hypogonadism Therapy Introduction11.4.4 Novo Nordisk Revenue in Male Hypogonadism Therapy Business (2016-2021)11.4.5 Novo Nordisk Recent Development11.5 Merck KGaA11.5.1 Merck KGaA Company Details11.5.2 Merck KGaA Business Overview11.5.3 Merck KGaA Male Hypogonadism Therapy Introduction11.5.4 Merck KGaA Revenue in Male Hypogonadism Therapy Business (2016-2021)11.5.5 Merck KGaA Recent Development11.6 Mylan11.6.1 Mylan Company Details11.6.2 Mylan Business Overview11.6.3 Mylan Male Hypogonadism Therapy Introduction11.6.4 Mylan Revenue in Male Hypogonadism Therapy Business (2016-2021)11.6.5 Mylan Recent Development11.7 Bayer11.7.1 Bayer Company Details11.7.2 Bayer Business Overview11.7.3 Bayer Male Hypogonadism Therapy Introduction11.7.4 Bayer Revenue in Male Hypogonadism Therapy Business (2016-2021)11.7.5 Bayer Recent Development11.8 Teva11.8.1 Teva Company Details11.8.2 Teva Business Overview11.8.3 Teva Male Hypogonadism Therapy Introduction11.8.4 Teva Revenue in Male Hypogonadism Therapy Business (2016-2021)11.8.5 Teva Recent Development11.9 Novartis11.9.1 Novartis Company Details11.9.2 Novartis Business Overview11.9.3 Novartis Male Hypogonadism Therapy Introduction11.9.4 Novartis Revenue in Male Hypogonadism Therapy Business (2016-2021)11.9.5 Novartis Recent Development11.10 Abbott11.10.1 Abbott Company Details11.10.2 Abbott Business Overview11.10.3 Abbott Male Hypogonadism Therapy Introduction11.10.4 Abbott Revenue in Male Hypogonadism Therapy Business (2016-2021)11.10.5 Abbott Recent Development11.11 Roche11.11.1 Roche Company Details11.11.2 Roche Business Overview11.11.3 Roche Male Hypogonadism Therapy Introduction11.11.4 Roche Revenue in Male Hypogonadism Therapy Business (2016-2021)11.11.5 Roche Recent Development11.12 Endo International11.12.1 Endo International Company Details11.12.2 Endo International Business Overview11.12.3 Endo International Male Hypogonadism Therapy Introduction11.12.4 Endo International Revenue in Male Hypogonadism Therapy Business (2016-2021)11.12.5 Endo International Recent Development11.13 Ipsen11.13.1 Ipsen Company Details11.13.2 Ipsen Business Overview11.13.3 Ipsen Male Hypogonadism Therapy Introduction11.13.4 Ipsen Revenue in Male Hypogonadism Therapy Business (2016-2021)11.13.5 Ipsen Recent Development11.14 ANI Pharmaceuticals11.14.1 ANI Pharmaceuticals Company Details11.14.2 ANI Pharmaceuticals Business Overview11.14.3 ANI Pharmaceuticals Male Hypogonadism Therapy Introduction11.14.4 ANI Pharmaceuticals Revenue in Male Hypogonadism Therapy Business (2016-2021)11.14.5 ANI Pharmaceuticals Recent Development11.15 TherapeuticsMD11.15.1 TherapeuticsMD Company Details11.15.2 TherapeuticsMD Business Overview11.15.3 TherapeuticsMD Male Hypogonadism Therapy Introduction11.15.4 TherapeuticsMD Revenue in Male Hypogonadism Therapy Business (2016-2021)11.15.5 TherapeuticsMD Recent Development 12 Analysts Viewpoints/Conclusions 13 Appendix13.1 Research Methodology13.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach13.1.2 Data Source13.2 Disclaimer13.3 Author Details

About Us:

QYResearch always pursuits high product quality with the belief that quality is the soul of business. Through years of effort and supports from huge number of customer supports, QYResearch consulting group has accumulated creative design methods on many high-quality markets investigation and research team with rich experience. Today, QYResearch has become the brand of quality assurance in consulting industry.

Originally posted here:
Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market to Witness Massive Growth During 2021-2027 | Eli Lilly, Pfizer, AbbVie, Novo Nordisk, Merck KGaA, Mylan, Bayer, Teva,...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

The Global Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market report provides a basic overview of the industry including definitions, classifications, applications and industry chain structure. The Male Hypogonadism Therapy market analysis is provided for the international markets including development trends, competitive landscape analysis, and key regions development status. The report provides key statistics on the market status of the Male Hypogonadism Therapy manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the industry.

Report Highlights

Global Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market is expected to grow at a formidable rate and the market size will reach at remarkable number by 2025.The Global Male Hypogonadism Therapy market report also provides CAGR from 2020 to 2025.Key players in this market are Eli Lilly, Teva, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Bayer, AbbVie, Abbott, Mylan, Merck KGaA, Novartis, TherapeuticsMD, Roche, ANI Pharmaceuticals, Endo International, Ipsen, etc.

Complete report on Male Hypogonadism Therapy market spreads across 133 pages profiling companies and supported with tables and figures.

Our industry professionals are working relentlessly to understand, assemble and timely deliver assessment on impact of COVID-19 disaster on many corporations and their clients to help them in taking excellent business decisions. We acknowledge everyone who is doing their part in this financial and healthcare crisis.

Effect of COVID-19: Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market report investigate the effect of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on the Male Hypogonadism Therapy industry. Since December 2020, the COVID-19 infection spread to practically 180+ nations around the world with the World Health Organization pronouncing it a general wellbeing crisis. The worldwide effects of the Covid infection 2020 (COVID-19) are now beginning to be felt, and will essentially influence the Male Hypogonadism Therapy market in 2020

Get Sample Copy of Male Hypogonadism Therapy market 2020-2025 at: https://www.insidemarketreports.com/sample-request/14/650606/Male-Hypogonadism-Therapy

The major types mentioned in the report are Parenteral, Transdermal, Oral, Others,and the applications covered in the report are Hospitals, Drugstores, Others,.

The report provides insights in the following areas:

Market Size: Accurate market size and CAGR forecasts for the period 2020-2025

Also the mentioned Tables and Figure with required and significant statistics and insights are there in our report to give an all-round idea to our clients.

Purchase the copy of this report at: https://www.insidemarketreports.com/buy-now/14/650606/Male-Hypogonadism-Therapy/single

Purchase this Report now by availing up to 40% Discount and free consultation.Limited offer only.

Major Points from the Table of Contents

1 Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Overview

2 Global Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Competition by Manufacturers

3 Global Male Hypogonadism Therapy Capacity, Production, Revenue (Value) by Region)

4 Global Male Hypogonadism Therapy Supply (Production), Consumption, Export, Import by Region

5 Global Male Hypogonadism Therapy Production, Revenue (Value), Price Trend by Type

6 Global Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Analysis by Application

7 Global Male Hypogonadism Therapy Manufacturers Profiles/Analysis

8 Male Hypogonadism Therapy Manufacturing Cost Analysis

9 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers

10 Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders

11 Market Effect Factors Analysis

12 Global Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market Forecast

13 Research Findings and Conclusion

14 Appendix

Report Customization

Global Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market, report can be customized according to your business requirements as we recognize what our clients want, we have extended 15% customization at no additional cost to all our clients for any of our syndicated reports.

In addition to customization of our reports, we also offer fully tailored research solutions to our clients in all industries we track.

About Inside Market Reports

Inside Market Reports provides the most comprehensive database of market intelligence reports. We provide quantified B2B research on 70,000 high growth emerging opportunities/threats which will impact 65% to 75% of Global Businesses, with 350+ Million easily actionable statistics with tables, figures and datasets (sales forecasts, market shares, production data).

Our Research Analysts have in-depth knowledge of various types of reports in their respective industries. They will help you refine search parameters, locate the full range of available reports, review the scope and methodology of the reports you choose, and give you informed and objective advice to ensure that you are making the right research purchase decision.

We constantly engage our market research partners to focus on the emerging market and technologies thus providing our clients with clarity insights and projections. The latest market research reports on industries, the developments and innovations have all the trends of well-known industries and prospects.

For all your Research needs, reach out to us at:

Email: [emailprotected]

Phone: +1-617-230-0741

See the original post here:
Male Hypogonadism Therapy Market and Ecosystem by Production, Prospects, Consumption, Cost Structure, Competitive Landscape - Jumbo News

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

PRADER-WILLI syndrome is a rare genetic condition that affects one in 15,000 children in England.

While the condition itself isn't life-threatening, but its symptoms such as compulsive eating and weight gain can cause complications. Katie Price's eldest child Harvey, 18, was born with PWS and has now been administered into full-time care care so that he is able to be more independent life and learn new skills.

PWS is a genetic condition that can impact muscle tone, sexual development and the function of the nervous system.

As well as this, those with Prader-Willi syndrome are more likely to have learning difficulties.

Often, it also sparks a constant desire to eat food and a permanent feeling of hunger which leads to child obesity.

However, the syndrome is very rare, with the NHS estimating that it affects "no more than one in every 15,000 children born in England".

Those with PWS have a genetic defect on chromosome number 15.

In around 70 per cent of cases, some of the DNA information that's inherited from the father is missing, which is referred to as "paternal deletion".

Other cases occurwhen a child has two copies from their mother and none from their father.

The condition is obtained purely by chance, but those who have one child with PWS have a less than 1 per cent chance of the next one being affected.

Genetic tests are used to diagnose PWS.

Medical professionals will often carry out this check if they identify someone who is displaying the symptoms of Prader-Willi syndrome.

The NHS offers more detailed criteria for diagnosis on their website.

The Prader-Will Syndrome Association UK describes the medical characteristics of the condition as:

Hypotonia: weak muscle tone, and floppiness at birth. Hypogonadism: immature development of sexual organs and other sexual characteristics. Obesity: caused by excessive appetite and overeating (hyperphagia), and a decreased calorific requirement owing to low energy expenditure levels, although obesity is not normally a feature of those whose food intake is strictly controlled. Central nervous system and endocrine gland dysfunction: causing varying degrees of learning disability, short stature, hyperphagia, somnolence (excessive sleepiness), and poor emotional and social development.

3

As children with PWS can consume three to six times more food than other kids of the same age, there is a huge risk of obesity.

Consuming food compulsively can also lead to your stomach becoming abnormally expanded.

Young adults who have been diagnosed also run the risk of type 2 diabetes and heart failure if they don't control their eating.

As it currently stands, there is no cure for PWS.

Those who have been diagnosed with the condition are encouraged to take measures to lessen the severity of symptoms and associated problems.

Parents of child sufferers are asked to monitor any excessive eating and try to keep balanced and healthy meals on the menu.

3

Katie is raising awareness on new BBC show Katie Price: Harvey and Me on January 25 at 8.30pm, which documents her life as her sons carer.

Harvey Price is partially blind, autistic and has Prader-Willi syndrome and mum Katie has made the heart-wrenching decision to put Harvey into care.

She told The Sun: It breaks my heart. I dont want him to think Im just getting rid of him.

The move will gives him the best chance to forge an independent life and learn new skills.

In the past, Harvey's condition has led to major health concerns, as his condition makes him constantly feel hungry.

Katie had revealed doctors have warned that the battle to keep Harvey alive is critical as he could drop dead from a heart attack if he doesnt lose weight urgently.

She said: Its a cruel illness. He feels hungry all the time. Every time I feed him, its killing him.

Even though it makes him happy, its cruel of me to do it.

He needs to lose weight or hell end up dead. He doesnt deserve that. I dont want to lose him."

The reality star also says she's a "bloody good mum" and she hates it when people credit her exes for their "polite" kids.

3

When speaking to The Sun in a brutally honest chat ahead of new BBC documentary Katie Price: Harvey and Me, she declared: "I don't need to justify myself as a mother - I know I'm a bloody good mum.

"I can take my kids anywhere and wherever I've taken my kids, everyone is like, 'I can't believe how polite your kids are they're a pleasure to have', and that is down to me, their parenting and their dads as well."

She added: "The kids love coming to me, I'm completely different, I'm the laid back one.

"They get a bit of both, they get the strict parent and the easy going one where they can stay up later and watch a movie."

Harvey's homeWhat care is Katie Price's son Harvey going into?

PRICEY HOBBYBankrupt Katie Price spends 80 on scratch cards - but only wins 20

ABOUT HARVEYHow old is Katie Price's son Harvey Price and why is he going into care?

THE LIFE OF PRICEKatie Price family tree - all her children and marriages

'INSPIRING'Katie Price shows off new hair as This Morning viewers praise her mum skills

The former glamour model also spoke about Harvey's condition while filming her reality series My Crazy Life.

She said: "If he doesn't sort it out he will die, we've been told, because of his heart."

In a 2017 interview on Loose Women, Katie said:"He never knows when he's full up, he'll do anything he can to feed himself."

More:
What is Harvey Prices disability Prader-Willi Syndrome? - The Sun

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

What's Clover Health's (NASDAQ:CLOV) key to success? Its technology. However, that key won't open any doors unless physicians and other healthcare professionals use the company's technology. In this Motley Fool Live video recorded on Nov. 16, 2020, Bill Mann, director of small cap research for The Motley Fool, talks with Clover Health co-founder and CEO Vivek Garipalli about how his company wins over healthcare providers to use its platform.

Bill Mann: Every single medical device company I've ever talked to, when they talk about the objections to getting broader adaptation, it hinges upon one thing. Well, is Mayo Clinic using it? Is Cleveland Clinic using it? Is Harvard using it? How do you go from a system in New Jersey to much broader adaptation? How do you get that customer adaptation in a fairly conservative audience?

Vivek Garipalli: Yes, interestingly enough, Clover Assistant, for the most part initially scaled in our New Jersey markets and then the 200,000 lives are bringing on to direct.

Bill Mann: That's not Mayo though.

Vivek Garipalli: Correct. Then the 200,000 lives that we're bringing on April next year, half of them are non-New Jersey and that these are physicians adopting Clover Assistant. Who were not familiar with Clover Assistant prior, so when you think about what primary care physicians care about versus interventional cardiologists, orthopedic surgeons, there's a huge body of data appropriately on device efficacy, I think it's some of what you're referencing.

Whether it is a certain implant or whatever it may be that relies heavily on, do you have the right orthopedic surgeons as part of your clinical trial advocating for the device or product, primary care. When we think about chronic conditions, which drives over 90 percent of costs and Medicare, and unfortunately, any one of us at some point in a life will probably end up with one or more chronic conditions. They range from diabetes, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These are conditions that are really around appropriate treatment or management of conditions while you have them.

A lot of the organizations you described are hospitals, they are managing your care once you've hit the emergency room and now you are an inpatient. The condition has exacerbated. You are now in need of a complex surgery, and a very specific type of surgery ensuring quality surgeon. When you think about hospital care, that's a narrow segment of care, very high a cost of it as well. When you think about managing primary care, that's really around presenting to physicians not Mayo protocols or not Mount Sinai protocols. It's actually presenting peer-reviewed, evidence-based protocols, and that is not necessarily tied to brand, is tied to evidence, it's tied it's already been published.

Even when we think about surfacing diagnoses -- when we're surfacing diagnoses it's tied to rules entrants. EGFR result between 30 and 60, which means that the particular patient may have chronic kidney disease, but Stage 3, asymptomatic. Only really denoted by a lab result, but at the same time that's how the literature lays it out. If that data point is not presented to a physician the point of care here, she's not going to diagnose that condition and it's going to end up progressing probably about a third of the time elicits elevated thyroid hormone levels and your bone breaks down and you fall in your break your hip.

That's healthcare today. That's where data paired with evidence presented to a physician where the physician can now make a better decision. We're not in the business nor will we ever be telling the position what to do or not to do, it's really presenting evidence to take that 10-20 minute visit and make it more valuable, whether it's assessing a condition that wouldn't have otherwise been assessed, presenting machine learning algorithms that will generate what a potential diagnosis may be without actually saying it does or doesn't exist, but just what are data's shows could be present and that prompts a conversation, that may or may not lead to a condition being captured.

But to your point of how the space looks at software and technology, when organizations are building technology for physicians within healthcare, it's almost as if they throw away the software playbook that has worked for successful companies outside of healthcare. If we take businesses like whether it's Amazon (NASDAQ:AMZN) or e-commerce company like that, they have to one, make sure that the data that they're presenting to consumers is trusted and can be relied upon.

Two, in terms of the product picture is accurate and their shipping time is accurate, two they need to make sure that payment construct's accurate. Is the price you are being told to pay actually the price, if you're saying it's ranked from low to high in prices that the truth is that how it plays out. Then in terms of features and consumer value, is that continuing to improve rapidly over time, but in healthcare, that's not how software is built. When we, when we thought about building great software, only one aspect was, we need to make sure this can add value to physicians and drive rapid feature development, that was key.

For the first part was we need to make sure that the data we're presenting to physicians can be relied upon, it's accurate it could be sourced, whether if it's evidenced-based protocol, that that could actually be brought up at the point-of-care in terms of what evidence are we citing over to lab result, where do we get that lab result? If it's based upon a claim that led to a chart that we pulled that had conditions on it which positioned to that come from, and then in terms of the payment side, our positions penalized for not agreeing with the Clover Assistant.

Are they rewarded for agreeing with the Clover Assistant? We don't do either of that. From our perspective is a physician went to medical school for four years, fellowship, residency, practice for many years, took the Hippocratic Oath, really cares about his or her patients. We believe, fundamentally, that if we pay physicians fairly and more obviously for now using additional piece of software, the point-of-care, and give them better and more accurate information, actionable data, and as Andrew described, a true real-time conversation, their decision-making is going to improve for the benefit of the patient, and we do not modularly payment up or down tied to what buttons they're clicking on in Clover Assistant, and just that very simple construct, that is not accepted philosophy in incumbents.

That you cannot get them to agree to pay physicians the same amount for using software irrespective of what they're clicking, irrespective of acuity, because there's an obsession in value-based care down to paying for everything that what agree with as a payer or penalize if we don't agree with it, and the intent is proper, but that is not how you build trust with physicians on the payment side.

See the original post here:
Here's Clover Health's Secret to Winning Over Healthcare Providers - The Motley Fool

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Dr. Jacqueline Parchem, a maternal-fetal medicine physician at UTHealth in Houston, considers herself a private person. Even still, she logged on to Twitter on Dec. 22 and began drafting a series of posts.

Pregnant and unsure about the #COVID19 vaccine? she wrote in a tweet that has now been liked more than 3,000 times. Youre not alone. Got vaccinated today at 31 weeks [pregnant] and feel very fortunate. But its complicated.

Over the course of nine tweets, Parchem broke down the thinking that went into her difficult decision to get vaccinated during pregnancy. Ultimately, she wrote, she decided her substantial risk of being exposed to COVID-19 while caring for patients outweighed any hypothetical risks associated with the vaccinebut the choice wasnt easy.

There are virtually no data on how COVID-19 vaccines affect pregnant people and their fetuses, since vaccine makerslike many companies testing a new drugenrolled only non-pregnant adults in their clinical trials. Plus, the two vaccines authorized so far in the U.S., those made by Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech, are the first widely available shots to use mRNA technology, so there is little frame of reference as to how they might affect pregnant people. Moderna reportedly found no safety concerns after testing its shot in rats prior to or during pregnancy, but animal data only reveal so much.

While the mRNA technology used in Pfizer-BioNTech and Modernas shots hasnt been tested on pregnant people, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says they are unlikely to pose a significant risk for people who are pregnant. The vaccines do not contain live virus, which means they cannot infect the recipient with COVID-19, and they do not enter the part of the cell that holds DNA.

Still, without strong data, most U.S. health groups have essentially left the decision about whether to get vaccinated while pregnantor while breastfeeding or trying to get pregnantup to individuals. The CDC, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (of which Parchem is a member) say pregnant people should not be excluded from vaccination if they are otherwise eligible to get their shots, but they do not explicitly make a recommendation one way or the other.

In the U.K., however, health authorities have specifically stated that those who are pregnant should not routinely have this vaccine, though people at particularly high risk of COVID-19 exposure may choose to get it.

That pregnant people in the U.S. havent been excluded from vaccination is great, but it doesnt answer the question, Should I get the vaccine? Parchem says.

Experts saw this dilemma coming. Even though millions of people in the U.S. alone give birth each year, pregnant people are frequently excluded from drug trials, in part due to understandable concerns about exposing unborn babies to potentially harmful substances. The legacies of drugs that were proven to be dangerous for pregnant people and their fetusesincluding the anti-nausea medication thalidomide and the synthetic hormone diethylstilbestrolafter approval still loom large.

Pregnant people have historically been considered a vulnerable populationa designation also applied to groups, such as children and the incarcerated, who may be coerced into participating in research. OB/GYN and author Dr. Jen Gunter says that label was never appropriate for pregnant people, who are more medically complex, for sure, but are perfectly capable of deciding whether or not to enroll in a study.

The medical community is increasingly moving away from using the vulnerable label for pregnant people, but pharmaceutical companies must still take certain precautions when designing study protocols that include expectant mothers. Many simply choose not toespecially in situations, like developing COVID-19 vaccines, where speed is crucial. One study found that, out of 468 drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration from 1980 to 2000, more than 90% came with no conclusive information about their risk of birth defects.

As a maternal-fetal medicine specialist, helping pregnant people navigate this dearth of research was part of Parchems job even before the pandemic. Taking drugs often presents a moral quandary for pregnant people, she says, since medications are rarely tested for use among that population.

Naturally, people tend to center on the fetal risk, Parchem says. But she says its also important to consider the consequence of not getting this treatment for the mother. In the case of COVID-19, that could include severe illness or death. Pregnant people who get COVID-19 are at increased risk of requiring intensive care, studies show, and they may also be at risk of complications including preterm birth.

Faced with that calculus, many other pregnant health care workers have chosen to get vaccinated. Dr. Leslie Kim, a facial plastic surgeon at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, in early January posted on Twitter and Instagram about her decision to get vaccinated at 32 weeks pregnant.

After speaking with her own doctor, Kim, who regularly performs procedures on or near patients airways, decided her risk of exposure to COVID-19 was high enough to justify getting vaccinated.

Kim also felt a responsibility to add, in however small a way, to the publics understanding of vaccination during pregnancy. For pregnant people to be included in studies, they do have to volunteer, Kim says. All of us who are stepping forward[are] contributing to the science of this vaccine. While formal studies on COVID-19 vaccines and pregnancy have not yet been completed, Kim says she hopes others in her position are diligently reporting side effects or anything we experience so we can help future people in our shoes.

For Dr. Denise Cardenal, an OB/GYN affiliated with OB Hospitalist Group in St. Lucie, Fla., the desire to protect her family and community from COVID-19 provided motivation not only to get vaccinated at 31 weeks pregnant, but also to post about the decision on Facebook. Im not one to share anything about what I do as a physician on Facebook, she says. But I saw this as such an important opportunity to set an example.

Already, she says, shes heard from people who have decided to get vaccinated because she did.

Still, Cardenal emphasizes that the decision is a personal one. Someone who can stay home throughout her pregnancy may want to wait to get vaccinated until after she gives birth, whereas someone with a higher exposure risk may not. Each individual should talk to their doctor and read up on health groups guidance before making a choice, she says.

People should question the data, the science, what is out there. You have to inform yourself, Cardenal says. Hearing from health care workers who have chosen to get vaccinated can be part of that.

Until there are published clinical trial results, the best information about COVID-19 vaccines and pregnancy may indeed come from people choosing to share their private decisions publicly. We dont want to make any decisions by a [sample size] of one, Gunter says, but people stepping up is really an amazing service.

For your security, we've sent a confirmation email to the address you entered. Click the link to confirm your subscription and begin receiving our newsletters. If you don't get the confirmation within 10 minutes, please check your spam folder.

Write to Jamie Ducharme at jamie.ducharme@time.com.

Read this article:
Why There Are No Data on COVID-19 Vaccination and Pregnancy - TIME

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

News & FeaturesBill was voted up by the committee one day after they passed a measure that would limit accessto sports for transgender youth

By Associated Press // Jan 22, 2021

HELENA The Montana House Judiciary Committee voted Friday to advance a bill that would ban gender-confirming health care for transgender minors.

Proponents of the bill say it would defend trans children from life-altering medical procedures they cannot fully consent to. Opponents say it would harm trans youth.

The bill passed mostly along party lines, with Republican Rep. Mallerie Stromswold, a recent high school graduate, joining all committee Democrats in opposing the measure.

The bill was voted up by the committee one day after they passed a measure that would prohibit transgender youth fromparticipating in sportsaccording to the gender with which they identify.

Both bills head to the Republican-controlled House floor for votes next week.

Both are opposed by a wide coalition of health care groups, businesses and human rights advocates in the states. The American Civil Liberties Union of Montana has promised to sue the state if the bills are passed into law.

The measure would prohibit medical providers from providing gender-confirming hormone treatment and surgery. Under an amendment passed by the committee Friday, health care providers would still be allowed to provide treatment for certain intersex conditions. Intersex refers to people with genitalia, chromosomes or reproductive organs that dont fit typical definitions for male or female bodies.

The bill would also ban medical providers from referring trans children to other providers for gender-confirming medical care. Health care providers who violate this requirement could be disciplined by licensing bodies, and the states attorney general would be able to enforce compliance.

Rep. Derek Skees, R-Kalispell, defended the ban on referrals after committee Democrats said it would violate doctors rights.

If someone comes in and says I want physician-assisted suicide in Montana you cant refer that to someone that will kill you. So theres plenty of things that doctors cant refer, Skees said.

The vote comes days after President Joe Biden signed an executive order that prohibits discrimination based on gender identity, causing committee Democrats to raise concerns that the states federal education funding could be withheld if the bills are signed into law.

More:
Bill Advances to Limit Trans Youth Health Care in Montana - Flathead Beacon

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Betty Lin-Fisher|Akron Beacon Journal

Riley Ickes didnt used to like going to school, but now the 16-year-old cant wait until her school gets back to in-person sessions amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Riley thinks a lot of her Ellet High School classmates may not recognize her.

Shes nearly 100 pounds lighter than last March when classes went online at her heaviest 324 pounds. As of this week, she has lost 94 pounds and is still going, thanks to drastic changes in her lifestyle, including nearly daily exercise, diet and bariatric surgery.

More: Summit County Public Health gives drive-thru COVID-19 vaccinations

In September, Riley was one of the first patients to undergo bariatric surgery in a new program at Akron Childrens Hospital. The surgery is not for everyone, but for some patients who have medical conditions that make it difficult for them to lose weight it can be an option, said Dr. Marnie Wagner Walston, a pediatrician who specializes in pediatric obesity medicine and adolescent bariatric surgery.

Walston oversees the hospitals Healthy Active Living program, which provides evaluation and treatment for children and teens who are overweight. The team includes a physician, psychologist, certified nurse practitioner, dietitian and exercise physiologist.

Theres a common misconception that surgery is a quick fix or an easy way out and a patient doesnt have to work, said Walston, who graduated from Firestone High School in 2004.

Patients who want to undergo bariatric surgery still have an eight-to-nine-month process before starting surgery plans, she said.

We're working on healthy lifestyle changes. That might help a patient lose weight without even needing surgery. Thats the ideal situation, Walston said.

But statistics show that for most teens with severe obesity, theyre not going to be successful with behavioral and lifestyle changes alone, she said.

Riley said shes always struggled with her weight.

I've always been a lot bigger than everybody, she said. My mom would take me to different doctors to try to figure out what was going on.

At around age 14, she was diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome, an imbalance of hormones, which can also cause fertility issues and obesity. She also had high cholesterol and was pre-diabetic.

Renee Ickes, Rileys mom, said: Shes always been active and shes a good eater but she doesnt eat any different than anyone else. She struggled her whole life and we just tried everything including gym memberships, dieticians and dance classes.

After the diagnosis, they were referred to the Healthy Active Living program.

Everything changed. They're amazing, said Renee.

Surgery was not initially brought up.

She tried all the options and the struggle was there. She just couldnt do it," said Renee Ickes. "The doctor brought it up to us. It took us a while to research and convince everyone it was the right thing.

Adolescent bariatric surgery came about in the 2000s. As procedures have improved, they have become minimally invasive done laparoscopically with minimal incisions and a one- to two-night hospital stay, said Dr. Mark Wulkan, the new chair of Childrens Department of Surgery.

You dont do the operation to be pretty for the prom;it's really about the health benefits, said Wulkan. People think its a cosmetic operation. This is an operation to help reverse a disease [obesity].

There are the same advantages for the patient of doing bariatric surgery in an adult and a teen, which include reducing health risks such as high blood pressure, diabetes, sleep apnea and liver disease, said Wulkan. But studies have shown that those risks are easier to reverse the younger you do the surgery, he said.

That makes the argument that maybe its not a last resort. Maybe its something we should be looking at and it's just one of the tools in your toolbox to treat being overweight," Wulkan said.

He arrived from Atlanta in August. Childrens had already been working on starting the bariatric surgery program before his arrival, but Wulkan, a general surgeon, has a special interest and expertise in bariatric surgery, which he has been performing since 2004. He and Dr. Scott Boulanger will perform the surgeries.

In order for a patient to qualify for bariatric surgery, several factors are considered, including whether the operation outweighs the medical risks and the patients body mass index (BMI) the relationship between height and weight.In addition, the patient must actively participate in a weight-management program for six months.

Even with that, Walston said, not all candidates ultimately have the surgery. There have been three completed (COVID-19 slowed things down) and about 21 patients are working toward surgery. About a quarter of those patients may not pursue surgery, she said.

The patients have to make lifestyle changes, including diet and exercise, before the surgery to make those changes stick after surgery, Wulkan said.

In most pediatric cases, the surgery is a gastric sleeve, where 80 to 85 percent of the stomach is removed. That decreases the capacity of the stomach, so the patient gets full with less. The stomach also produces a hormone that makes you feel hungry. After the surgery, there is less of that hormone, so it decreases your appetite.

It works mechanically and hormonally, Wulkan said.

But that means the body also doesnt signal that it is hungry, Walston said, so patients have to learn how to eat smaller, healthier meals more often. The patients work with experts to make sure theyre eating appropriately and taking vitamins and mineral supplements to make sure there are no nutritional deficiencies.

Surgery helps you reduce the appetite. It's not the fix, said Walston. The surgery itself doesnt remove any weight from the body, but it gives you tools.

The surgerys benefits can be defeated if the patients dont make the lifestyle changes, including exercise and diet, she said.

Candidates for surgery tend to be in their teens, the doctors said, but the team will discuss with a younger patient and family if there is a reason to have the surgery.

"You want to be really thoughtful about the patients emotional ability, ability to be able to live with the implications and understand, Walston said.

Walston is happy that Akron-area adolescent patients have an option for the surgery. Before the hospitals program started, patients had to go to an adult hospital or another region, she said.

Riley enjoys planning and cooking her own meals. She also goes to work out every morning before coming home for online classes while Akron schools are still remote. Riley also works at Walmart after school.

Renee said she doesnt even worry about Riley and her eating habits now.

This kid carries a cooler around with her with chicken. She has her produce and her proteins and she is like an expert in reading all of the labels," Renee said.

Riley is excited to go back to school in person, but concerned about how to keep up the good exercise schedule she's established before school and work.

Her goal weight is 165. Doctors told her shed lose about 75 pounds right after surgery. Shes already exceeded that, and as of this week has lost 94 pounds at 229 pounds.

Her close friends have seen her, but there are a bunch of friends I havent seen since school had let out last March. I dont know what theyre going to say. I'm kind of excited about that.

Shes also excited to get involved with school activities.

With my size, I wasnt comfortable to do anything. I didnt want to. But now if we were back in school, Id probably get into more activities and do more stuff, she said.This week, she ran into her high school band director, who had to do a double-take before he recognized her.

Overall, I feel great. I've never felt this happy with myself, said Riley. She also no longer has high cholesterol and is no longer considered pre-diabetic.

I dont stress out so much. I used to be so concerned when everyone would look at me when I would do something. Now I dont care, and I'm a lot more comfortable with myself.

Riley is especially excited for the day when she can go to Cedar Point and get on a ride. She had avoided until now because she was afraid she wouldnt fit.

Rileys weight-loss journey has changed her career desires. She had been interested in interior design, but now after I went through the clinic and what they do, it really inspired me to want to do that for the kids. She is interested in maybe being a child life advocate or some type of job to work with kids struggling with weight.

Rileys dad, Ron, said it was hard to watch his daughter struggle with her weight and not want to be involved in activities at school.

"With this surgery and the progress shes made, it just totally changed her mental state of mind. I'm starting to see that go-get attitude, he said. For her now to be able to jump in and commit to... taking a hold of nutrition and the routine of the gym, it blows me away to see that.

It's like I have a new daughter, he said.

Beacon Journal staff reporter Betty Lin-Fisher can be reached at 330-996-3724 or blinfisher@thebeaconjournal.com. Follow her @blinfisherABJ on Twitter or http://www.facebook.com/BettyLinFisherABJ To see her most recent stories and columns, go to http://www.tinyurl.com/bettylinfisher

Link:
'I've never felt this happy with myself': Akron bariatric teen patient finds new lifestyle - Akron Beacon Journal

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Our body needs a healthy immune system to defend itself against germs. In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic and flu season, you need a healthy immune system more than ever.

Tereza Hubkova, MD, ABIHM, ABIM, is an integrative medicine physician at AdventHealth Shawnee Mission. According to Dr. Hubkova, our immune system is strongly influenced by our lifestyle: the foods we eat, how we sleep, our physical activity and even our mood and level of stress.

Proper nutrition is key. You want to make sure your diet provides all the nutrients your immune system needs and that your body is not in a pro-inflammatory state in case you would catch COVID.

The life-threatening complication of COVID, the cytokine storm, happens when the immune system goes into overdrive and the immune response itself causes too much collateral damage. Our Western diet full of processed foods, sugar, salt and unhealthy fat puts many Americans at risk. Instead, we need fresh produce full of vitamins and colorful polyphenols, minerals, fiber, protein and healthy fats (including omega 3 fatty acids from seafood).

Our age affects our immune system as well children and young adults are less likely to be affected by COVID than older people.

Even just one night of poor sleep severely impairs our ability to deal with viruses, said Dr. Hubkova. When partially sleep deprived, we produce 75 percent less natural killer cells that could eliminate viruses. As we get older, we also produce less melatonin, a hormone crucial for a healthy immune system. Stress and blue light from our electronic screens suppress melatonin production as well.

Dr. Hubkova also advises to be sure your Vitamin D level is in the optimal range.

Patients in intensive care due to severe COVID almost always have low vitamin D level, said Dr. Hubkova.

We make Vitamin D in our skin when we are exposed to sunshine, but our modern indoor lifestyle means that Vitamin D deficiency is extremely common. We do not get much Vitamin D from food, so besides spending more time outdoors, taking a Vitamin D supplement may be the next best solution, especially in the winter.

Between the COVID pandemic and cold weather, many people are not getting out much and interacting with others, which is likely contributing to anxiety and depression and affecting our immune system as well.

Our immune system has receptors for the molecules of emotion, said Dr. Hubkova. It knows when we are happy or sad, and it works much better when we are in a positive state of mind.

Finally, is there any advice for COVID vaccination?

In general, we do not respond well to vaccines when our immune system is weakened, such as by stress or sleep deprivation, said Dr. Hubkova. While we do not know everything about the COVID vaccine yet, try to get a good nights sleep the night before you get vaccinated.

Dr. Hubkova has created the 21-day immunity challenge designed to get your immune system in better working order by addressing a few key lifestyle habits, one day at a time. Learn more about the 21-day immunity challenge at MyHealthKC.com.

Original post:
The immune system and COVID-19 - Shawnee Mission Post

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith