Prerequisites For Nursing – Nursing Prerequisites To Help You – Video
Prerequisites For Nursing - Nursing Prerequisites To Help You
Prerequisites For Nursing dedicated site to help you. http://www.prerequisitesfornursing.net The demand to enter a nursing school is high throughout the world. As variable as the requirements for entering into a nursing course might be, (what kind of questions exactly are essential for nursing prerequisites) we notice that nursing institutions are normally overloaded with long wait periods and lists for admission.Prerequisites For Nursing Before one can decide whether to apply to a nursing college, he/she should be aware of the nursing prerequisites that are necessary. Provided that you take the courses that meet the requirements for nursing school, you will speed your journey to and through nursing school. Prerequisites For Nursing At one point in time, the nurse has to act appropriately so as not to harm the patient. This is an indication that nurses today need thorough knowledge of such disciplines like chemistry, physiology, pathophysiology, microbiology, physics and genetics among others. They should have a background of physics, because it is ideal in looking after patients. It is not enough for them to be deeply concerned with gaseous exchange in the body only, they must have an idea on how oxygen and essential nutrients used by the body. This is that basis of nursing and patient care. Along similar lines, they must use skills from biochemistry to understand chemical substances in the body eg for the case of stomach problems like ulcers, coagulation and fibrinolysis ...
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Lot 5 1061 – Video
Lot 5 1061
Homestead Genetics Bull Sale March 30 2013
By: Summerrain411
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Lot 5 1061 - Video
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Lot 11 1040 ez – Video
Lot 11 1040 ez
Homestead Genetics Bull Sale March 30 2013
By: Summerrain411
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Lot 11 1040 ez - Video
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Iowa State University Spring Commencement Ceremony, May 5, 2012 – Video
Iowa State University Spring Commencement Ceremony, May 5, 2012
Craig Lang of Brooklyn, an Iowa State alumnus and recently re-elected president of the Iowa Board of Regents, speaks at the undergraduate ceremony, with President Steven Leath presiding. An estimated 3079 undergraduates received bachelor #39;s degrees. Daniel Gianola received a Doctor of Science honorary degree for his contributions to animal genetics and statistics, and George Belitsos received a Doctor of Humane Letters for his advocacy for, and service to, Iowa teens and families. The ceremony was held May 5, 2012 in Hilton Coliseum.
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Customized Fat Loss – Video
Customized Fat Loss
Customized Fat Loss go-247.com Customized Fat Loss This has nothing to do with pills, powders or potions, silly exercise gizmo #39;s, fad diets or any other crap the multi-billion dollar diet industry has been throwing at you for years. So don #39;t worry, this will be a much needed breath of fresh air for you but a little heads up, this page might be a defibrillator like jolt to your system. Get rid of depression and poor self-image along with pounds of poisonous fat! Free your body of fat band get the lean sexy body you always wanted. Customized Fat Loss This surprising nutrition truths will empower you with new fat-burning knowledge that can change your life. Customized Fat Loss What you eat is the most important factor to strip off stubborn and unhealthy fat even if you have a thyroid condition, big bones or the worst genetics.
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Quantum mechanics, androids, castaneda, yung, astrology, genetics and psychedelic drugs: all united – Video
Quantum mechanics, androids, castaneda, yung, astrology, genetics and psychedelic drugs: all united
The original video was upload from user stratis7 We did not especially appreciate the original video title and changed it
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Quantum mechanics, androids, castaneda, yung, astrology, genetics and psychedelic drugs: all united - Video
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Genetics Class: Cloning Project – Video
Genetics Class: Cloning Project
Made By: Ahmad Shuibat, Ahmed Mizyed and special mention to Amjed Shuibat
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Genetics Class: Cloning Project - Video
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Geneticist Svante Pääbo receives the $500,000 Gruber Genetics Prize
Public release date: 20-Feb-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: A. Sarah Hreha info@gruber.yale.edu 203-432-6231 Yale University
Svante Pbo, PhD, director of the Department of Genetics at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, is the recipient of the 2013 Genetics Prize of The Gruber Foundation. Pbo is being honored with this prestigious international award for his pioneering research in the field of evolutionary genetics. He is considered the founder of molecular paleontology, the application of genetics to the study of prehistoric life.
The award will be presented to Pbo on April 16 at the International Congress of Genetics conference in Singapore, where he will also deliver a lecture entitled "Archaic Genomics."
"Svante Pbo's work shows basic science at its best. He was driven by an obvious passion to use DNA technology to unlock the past. He overcame seemingly insupperable technical obstacles. And he opened new vistas on a question we all care about, 'Where do we come from?' This is a wonderful award," said Maynard Olson, a member of the selection advisory board and 2007 laureate of the Gruber Genetics Prize.
Pbo, 57, started experimenting with extracting DNA from ancient human remains in the early 1980s while completing his PhD program in molecular immunology at the University of Uppsala in Sweden, his native country. His first major findingthe demonstration that DNA was preserved in a 2,400-year-old mummy of an infant boywas published as the cover story in Nature in 1985. In the ensuing two-and-a-half decadesat the University of California at Berkeley, the University of Munich and, since 1997, at the Max Planck Institute Pbo has played a leading role in developing the technology that has made it possible to isolate and sequence ancient DNA.
In 1997, Pbo announced the successful sequencing of mitochondrial Neandertal DNAa watershed in evolutionary genetics. In addition to proving that the DNA could be successfully extracted and sequenced from a 40,000-year-old fossil, the sequencing showed that Neandertals and humans were distinctly different groups. Over the next decade, with the help of new gene-sequencing technology, Pbo led efforts to sequence Neandertal's nuclear DNA. In 2010, he and his colleagues at the Max Planck Institute published the draft sequence of that genome, along with the startling finding that Neandertals have contributed up to 4 percent of the genetic material in modern humans. That same year, Pbo and his team reported a second remarkable finding: A DNA analysis of a finger bone found in 2008 in a Siberian cave showed that it had belonged to a previously unknown form of hominins. It was the first time an extinct hominin group had been identified by genetic analysis alone.
Pbo is also recognized as one of the world's leaders in human molecular evolution. He has, for example, played a critical role in defining the genetic relationship between humans and great ape populations. In addition, he has identified and studied the function of genes critically important in the evolution of the human species, such as FOXP2, which is associated with language development. In 2008, Pbo reported that Neandertals had an identical FOXP2 gene, which raised the tantalizing possibility that they may have had some language capabilities.
"Pbo's bold and exciting research has changed the way we understand human evolution and is providing insight into genes that are critical in the evolution of the human species," said Huda Zoghbi, chair of the Selection Advisory Board and the 2011 laureate of the Gruber Neuroscience Prize.
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Geneticist Svante Pääbo receives the $500,000 Gruber Genetics Prize
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Zhu’s Neuro Acupuncture for Spinal Cord Injury-Masai’s story part 1 – Video
Zhu #39;s Neuro Acupuncture for Spinal Cord Injury-Masai #39;s story part 1
Masai suffered from transverse myelitis at T6 level on August 17, 2012. He became paralyzed below the sternum and had no sensation except for deep touch. Masai also had burning pain around his torso. He began treatment at Zhu #39;s Neuro Acupuncture 3 months after the infection. To see Masai #39;s progress look for more videos. Visit our website at http://www.scalpacupuncture.org
By: MOYEE95110
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Zhu’s Neuro Acupuncture for Spinal Cord Injury-Masai’s story part 2 – Video
Zhu #39;s Neuro Acupuncture for Spinal Cord Injury-Masai #39;s story part 2
Masai learning how to crawl. visit our website at http://www.scalpacupuncture.org
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Zhu’s Neuro Acupuncture for Spinal Cord Injury-Masai’s story part 3 – Video
Zhu #39;s Neuro Acupuncture for Spinal Cord Injury-Masai #39;s story part 3
Masai is taking his first steps since the infection. Visit our website at http://www.scalpacupuncture.org
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Stem Cell Therapy – Arthritis Therapy – Video
Stem Cell Therapy - Arthritis Therapy
Stem cell therapy for dogs, cats, and horses has been around for a few years. But as companies compete, the technology keeps improving. And today, a Hillsborough County vet clinic became only the second in the Bay Area to offer same-day procedures.
By: EhrlichAnimalHospita
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Stem Cell Therapy – Ehrlich Animal Hospital’s Arthritis Therapy Center – Video
Stem Cell Therapy - Ehrlich Animal Hospital #39;s Arthritis Therapy Center
Ehrlich Animal Hospital offers several degrees of specialty arthritis therapies and treatments that may not be currently available at other local animal hospitals. Our hospital is unique in that we offer cutting edge arthritis therapy technologies: therapeutic laser treatments, injectable medications and oral medications to reduce inflammation and discomfort.
By: EhrlichAnimalHospita
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Testimonials – Stem Cell Therapy – Ehrlich Animal Hospital’s Arthritis Therapy Center – Video
Testimonials - Stem Cell Therapy - Ehrlich Animal Hospital #39;s Arthritis Therapy Center
We love your pets and we know that you do too. Let us ensure that your pets live the longest, healthiest lives possible. Thank you for your continued confidence in our love and concern for your pet #39;s health and longevity.
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Learn more about stem cell therapy at Vail Athletic Club Friday
VAIL The Vail Athletic Club, part of the Vail Vitality Center wellness experience at Vail Mountain Lodge, introduces a lecture which offers an in-depth look at new developments in cellular therapy for the treatment of joint pain. Stem Cell Therapy is a groundbreaking procedure that uses a patient's own stem cells to repair or replace damaged joint tissue. Dr. Scott Brandt of ThriveMD in Edwards is one of few physicians in the country trained in this procedure. Brandt will present details about this innovative new therapy at the Vail Athletic Club on Friday at 6 p.m.
Stem cell therapy is a minimally invasive procedure that begins with harvesting a patient's stem cells from his or her own fat reserves most often from the abdominal region. The tissue is isolated in a state-of-the-art cell-processing laboratory. The cells are then injected into the damaged joint using a minimally invasive technique with the assistance of fluoroscopic guidance. Once injected, the cells can sense proteins generated from cartilage damage and, in response, those cells have the ability to make chondrocytes cells found in healthy cartilage. This new procedure relieves the pain and limitations of arthritic joint disease without resorting to an invasive joint replacement surgery.
Brandt will discuss the process of isolating autologous adipose derived stem cells, the details of the procedure, and answer questions about this treatment for cartilage, ligament and tendon injuries.
For more information or to register call 970-476-7960. The lecture is offered as a fundraiser for the Eagle County Education Foundation and a $15 donation is suggested. Advance reservations are required and space is limited.
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Learn more about stem cell therapy at Vail Athletic Club Friday
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Gene therapy cures dogs of type 1 diabetes [Life Lines]
Image of beagle from http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/beagle.htm
Diabetes is characterized by high blood sugar. The cause of high blood sugar differs for people with type 1 versus type 2 diabetes. For type 1 diabetics, the pancreas produces little or no insulin, the hormone responsible for lowering blood sugar. For type 2 diabetics, tissues in the body are not responsive to insulin, termed insulin resistance, resulting in persistently elevated blood sugar. Muscle tissue is the main site of glucose disposal in the body and therefore, the main site of insulins action.
Researchers from Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona in Spain had developed a successful technique of reversing diabetes in mouse models by creating a glucose sensor in the animals muscle. They accomplished this through gene therapy to induce the expression of insulin along with the glucose-sensing enzyme glucokinase. In mice, this treatment lowered blood sugar by increasing uptake of glucose into muscle tissue.
In a new study published online inDiabetes, the authors report using the same technique to lower blood sugar in type 1 diabetic dogs!The genes for glucokinase and insulin became incorporated into the animals DNA and thetechnique was effective for over 4 years after treatment. This was reportedly the first instance of this technique being successful in the chronic treatment of diabetes in a large animal model. In fact, they state that the animals no longer needed medical treatment for their diabetes and did not experience pathologically lowered blood sugar when they exercised.
More research is required to determine if a similar treatment would work in humans.
Source:
Callejas D, Mann CJ, Ayuso E, Lage R, Grifoll I, Roca C, Andaluz A, Ruiz-de Gopegui R, Montane J, Munoz S, Ferre T, Haurigot V, Zhou S, Ruberte J, Mingozzi F, High K, Garcia F, Bosch F. Treatment of Diabetes and Long-term Survival Following Insulin and Glucokinase Gene Therapy.Diabetes. Epub ahead of print.doi:10.2337/db12-1113
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Gene therapy cures dogs of type 1 diabetes [Life Lines]
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Check Up: In the loop on gene activation
The findings help to explain what occurs during embryonic development, when the pinpoint timing of gene activation plays a role in whether a cell becomes part of, say, a liver or a heart, and even whether the organism is a human or another species.
The work, reported online in the journal Nature, was led by biochemist Ramin Shiekhattar, a professor at the 120-year-old research center in West Philadelphia.
The activators fall within the realm of what used to be called "junk DNA," but that term fell out of favor years ago as scientists learned of its important role. Shiekhattar prefers to call it "dark matter," borrowing an astronomy term for a phenomenon that is similarly mysterious yet clearly important.
"We're revealing a possible role for this dark matter of biology," Shiekhattar said.
The segments of DNA that activate genes contain the recipe for DNA's genetic cousin, RNA. But these RNAs are not the kind you learned about in high school biology - the messengers that ferry genetic code to the protein-making machines called ribosomes. They are noncoding RNAs, and they seem to activate neighboring genes by working in concert with a protein complex that scientists have nicknamed "mediator."
The activation process, with the distant portions of DNA coming together in a loop through some kind of chemical interaction, is not something that can be seen with a camera. Instead, Shiekhattar and his colleagues mapped out the process with a technique called chromosome conformation capture, which relies on chemical probes to tease out the configuration of genetic material.
And voil, they could "see" the loop.
"You basically form a loop bringing these two sites in close proximity to each other," Shiekhattar said.
The researchers demonstrated that the noncoding RNA was vital to the looping process by showing that it did not work if they depleted the RNA in cell culture.
Shiekhattar was joined in the research by Wistar colleagues Fan Lai and Matteo Cesaroni and by coauthors from several other institutions, including Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
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Check Up: In the loop on gene activation
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NanoString Launches Its First Commercial Diagnostic Product in the European Union and Israel
SEATTLE--(BUSINESS WIRE)--
NanoString Technologies, Inc., a privately held provider of life science tools for translational research and molecular diagnostic products, today announced it has launched its first commercial in vitro diagnostic product, the Prosigna Breast Cancer Prognostic Gene Signature Assay for the nCounter diagnostic system in the European Union (EU) and Israel.
Based on the PAM50 gene signature initially discovered by Charles Perou, Ph.D. and colleagues, the Prosigna assay provides a subtype classification based on the fundamental biology of an individuals breast tumor (referred to as intrinsic subtyping), and a prognostic score (referred to as the risk of recurrence, or ROR, score). The ROR score estimates the probability of cancer recurrence by 10 years in post-menopausal women with hormone receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer who have been treated with endocrine therapy alone. The Prosigna assay was validated in two clinical studies with more than 2,400 patient samples and results were presented at the 2011 and 2012 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium.
The Prosigna assay requires minimal hands-on time and can be offered through qualified pathology laboratories, empowering oncologists and pathologists to manage the diagnostic evaluation of breast cancer patients locally. The Prosigna assay runs on NanoStrings proprietary nCounter system, which offers a simple, reproducible and cost-effective way to profile hundreds of targets simultaneously with high sensitivity and precision. The nCounter Analysis System is currently available for Research Use Only in North America.
Prosigna provides physicians and their patients access to analytically and clinically validated genomic information that can impact important treatment decisions, without the need to send precious samples to a centralized reference lab that may be overseas, said Brad Gray, President and Chief Executive Officer of NanoString Technologies. Our launch in the European Union and Israel marks the beginning of our efforts to market Prosigna globally. This is a significant milestone for NanoString as we launch our commercial diagnostics business and work toward additional regulatory marketing authorizations.
J. Wayne Cowens, M.D., Chief Medical Officer for NanoString Technologies added: I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to the investigators and patients who participated in the two pivotal trials for Prosigna. We look forward to making Prosigna available to the many breast cancer patients in need throughout the European Union and Israel.
About the Prosigna Breast Cancer Prognostic Gene Signature Assay
The Prosigna Breast Cancer Prognostic Gene Signature Assay is indicated for risk assessment in early-stage post-menopausal breast cancer patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) stage I or II disease. It provides a subtype classification based on the fundamental biology of an individuals breast tumor (referred to as intrinsic subtyping), and a prognostic score (referred to as the risk of recurrence, or ROR, score). The ROR score estimates the probability of cancer recurrence by 10 years in post-menopausal women with hormone receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer who have been treated with endocrine therapy alone.
The Prosigna assay is approved for use by healthcare professionals in the European Union and Israel; it is not available in North America. For more information, please visit http://www.prosigna.com.
About NanoString Technologies, Inc.
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Ask Amy: Share knowledge of gene mutation shows generousity
Dear Amy: Genetic testing shows that my son and I are cystic fibrosis carriers. Our research shows that most carriers are asymptomatic, as I am, but my son has some pulmonary issues, which is why the testing was done.
I've asked my parents to be tested so we can determine which side of the family the recessive gene mutation comes from.
When the results come back, I feel we have an obligation to inform that particular half of the family.
If a CF carrier has a child with a CF carrier, they have a 25 percent chance, with each pregnancy, of having a child with full-blown cystic fibrosis, a debilitating and life-threatening disease.
How do we gently and lovingly share this without causing unnecessary stress or drama? Loving Family Member
Dear Family Member: I shared your letter with Laurie Fink, spokeswoman for the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (cff.org), who confirmed your take on this disease. She tells me that your situation is not all that rare: One in 30 Americans is a symptomless carrier of the CF gene mutation.
In your approach with other family members, be straightforward,completely honest and neutral. Give family members access to the same resources you used to pursue testing.
You are generous to share the results with family members. They will decide on their own whether they want to be tested. The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation wants to spread the word that there is more hope than ever before for people with this disease. The life expectancy for a child born with CF has doubled in the last 30 years.
Dear Amy: I have a lifelong friend. We are both mature single mothers with good jobs. My son is 4, and her daughter just turned 3. Our different work schedules do not allow us to get together with our kids as much as we'd like.
I sent my friend a text message stating that I would like to take her daughter with me and my son to a live-action children's show as a gift for her daughter's third birthday. She asked about the time of the show. I replied that it was at 6 p.m. She then sent a text message asking, "Why am I not invited?" My response was "Ha ha, parents not allowed, ha ha."
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Challenge to cancer gene patent fails in Australia
An Australian court on Friday dismissed a challenge against the patenting of human genetic material in a landmark case which has devastated a cancer group that says it could stifle research.
The case hinged on whether a valid patent can be granted to cover naturally occurring nucleic acids, the building blocks of living organisms -- in this case the so-called breast cancer gene BRCA1.
Federal Court Justice John Nicholas rejected the argument that BRCA1, a genetic mutation associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer in women, could not be patented because it was a naturally occurring substance.
He ruled instead in favour of the two medical research companies that hold the patent, US-based Myriad Genetics and Melbourne-based Genetic Technologies Ltd.
"There is no doubt that naturally occurring DNA and RNA as they exist inside the cells of the human body cannot be the subject of a valid patent," his judgement concluded. DNA and RNA are types of nucleic acid.
"However, the disputed claims do not cover naturally occurring DNA and RNA as they exist inside such cells.
"The disputed claims extend only to naturally occurring DNA and RNA which have been extracted from cells obtained from the human body and purged of other biological materials with which they were associated."
The decision is the first in the country to consider whether isolated DNA or RNA sequences can be patented and lawyers for Cancer Voices Australia, which brought the case, have argued it raises ethical issues about the commercialisation of the human body.
The judgement is a blow to the cancer campaigners, with the woman who brought the case, Yvonne D'Arcy, leaving the court in tears.
"To tell the truth I'm very disappointed," she told reporters. "We were doing this for future generations, and I'm just so disappointed."
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Challenge to cancer gene patent fails in Australia
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Gangnam Style –University of Chittagong ( Genetic Engineering Dept.) – Video
Gangnam Style --University of Chittagong ( Genetic Engineering Dept.)
Gangnam Style- University of Chittagong...It was performed at the Freshers Graduation Festival 2013 of Dept. of Genetic Engineering Biotechnology, University of Chittagong
By: arian orko
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Gangnam Style --University of Chittagong ( Genetic Engineering Dept.) - Video
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Bio Ethics,genetic engineering,and babies – Video
Bio Ethics,genetic engineering,and babies
http://www.youtube.com if you care so much about babies but not enough about making their lives easier their genetic engineering then well you don #39;t really care about them now do you?
By: Octaviou Rex
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Bio Ethics,genetic engineering,and babies - Video
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Designing Life: Should Babies Be Genetically Engineered?
NEW YORK The increasing power and accessibility of genetic technology may one day give parents the option of modifying their unborn children, in order to spare offspring from disease or, conceivably, make them tall, well muscled, intelligent or otherwise blessed with desirable traits.
Would this change mean empowering parents to give their children the best start possible? Or would it mean designer babies who could face unforeseen genetic problems? Experts debated on Wednesday evening (Feb. 13) whether prenatal engineering should be banned in the United States.
Humans have already genetically modified animals and crops, said Sheldon Krimsky, a philosopher at Tufts University, who argued in favor of a ban on the same for human babies. "But in the hundreds of thousands of trails that failed, we simply discarded the results of the unwanted crop or animal."
Unknown consequences
Is this a model that society wants to apply to humans, making pinpoint genetic modifications, only to "discard the results when they don't work out?" Krimsky asked during an Intelligence Squared Debate held in Manhattan. He added that assuming no mistakes will occur would be sheer hubris.
He and fellow ban proponent Lord Robert Winston, a professor of science and society and a fertility expert at Imperial College in London, focused on the uncertainty associated with the genetic underpinnings of traits. The two also addressed the consequences of manipulating genes. [5 Myths About Fertility Treatments]
"Even [for] height, one of the most heritable traits known, scientists have found at least 50 genes that account for only 2 to 3 percent of the variance in the samples," Krimsky said. "If you want a tall child, marry tall."
Mother Nature doesnt care
Meanwhile, their opponents, who opposed the ban, talked of empowering parents to give their children a healthy life, even if it meant giving their offspring traits they themselves could not pass down.
Lee Silver, a professor of molecular biology and public policy at Princeton University, urged the audience members to look at someone sitting next to them.
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Dengue virus strain shows subtle genetic changes
Indian scientists have reported subtle genetic changes called 'lineage shifts' in a predominant dengue strain
James Gathany/Wikicommons
[NEW DELHI] Scientists have reported subtle genetic changes in the dominant dengue virus strain in southern India information that has been lacking so far and could be crucial to understanding disease severity.
Dengue, spread by mosquitoes, is prevalent in tropical countries, affecting 100 million people each year. A sharp rise in incidence and severity in recent years has been attributed to increased air travel, urbanisation, deteriorating public health infrastructure and changing climate.
Of the four strains of the dengue virus, the third one ('DENV 3') has dominated recent outbreaks in the Indian sub-continent. The genetic material of viruses belonging to each strain is not 100 per cent identical and minor variations can be traced to a common ancestor or 'lineage'.
Minor changes in the genetic material from one lineage can result in resemblance to viruses from another lineage and such lineage shifts are linked to "dramatic increases" in dengue severity in many parts of the world, say researchers in the Virology Journal published on 29 January.
The researchers, from the southern Indian state of Kerala where dengue re-emerged as an epidemic in 2003 leading to numerous deaths, studied samples of the third strain collected from over 700 patients in the state, between 2008 and 2011. They compared the data with other Indian and global studies and reported a lineage shift (from lineage III to lineage IV) for the first time.
Lineage shift is reflected in changes to virus functions, such as increased or decreased virus multiplication. This, in turn, affects the spread of the virus or the number of people infected during an outbreak, Easwaran Sreekumar, from the viral disease biology programme at the Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, and one of the authors of the paper, explained to SciDev.Net.
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Dengue virus strain shows subtle genetic changes
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New findings on genetic risks of Behçet's disease
Feb. 15, 2013 Researchers don't know the exact cause of Behet's disease, a chronic condition that leads to oral and genital sores and serious complications such as blindness, but new research brings better understanding to what makes some people more susceptible to being affected.
In one of the most extensive genetic analyses of Behet's disease, a University of Michigan-led, international team of researchers has identified novel gene variants in the inflammatory disorder and uncovered data that could apply to studies of other diseases. The results appear in the journal Nature Genetics.
"This disease is associated with significant complications and because it is not well understood, treatment options are limited," says lead author Amr Sawalha, M.D., associate professor of internal medicine in the division of rheumatology at the U-M Medical School.
"We were able to identify and localize robust genetic risk factors associated with Behet's disease in a way that will hopefully bring us a step closer to better understanding this devastating illness."
The UMHS research, a collaboration that includes researchers from Turkey, Italy, Germany and the Netherlands, identifies how a specific group of genes are linked to Behet's disease. The disease can affect people from all ethnicities, but has an increased prevalence along the ancient "Silk Road" in East Asia, Turkey, and the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries.
The disorder causes chronic inflammation in blood vessels throughout the body and affects many organs, including the eyes, brain, skin, joints and the digestive system. Some symptoms may include mouth and genital ulcers, eye inflammation and reduced vision, skin rashes and lesions, joint swelling, abdominal pain and diarrhea.
Behet's disease may also cause inflammation in the brain, which could cause headaches, fever, poor balance or stroke. Inflammation in veins and large arteries could also lead to other complications, such as aneurysms.
One of the major genetic risk factors of the disease is believed to be a specific form of a gene on chromosome 6 in the HLA region (an inherited group of genes known as human leukocyte antigen).The new study shows that contrary to the belief that genetic risk in this region is most strongly tied to a form of the gene HLA-B (called HLA-B*51) -- there are actually at least four independent genetic risk regions within the HLA linked to the disease.
Researchers have long studied the phenomenon of why certain forms of HLA are associated with autoimmune and inflammatory disorders and the severity of those disorders.
"This HLA region has an incredibly significant role in many diseases. It's also one of the most complicated areas of the human genome, which is why it's so difficult to analyze," Sawalha says. "This is an extensive way to look at the HLA region that can be also applied to other diseases. We can now identify and localize the risks within this complex HLA region more accurately than ever before, which opens the door to further developments."
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New findings on genetic risks of Behçet's disease
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