CRISPR (pronounced crisper) is short for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats. It is a method for genome editing, and recently hit the headlines with the announcement that the 2020Nobel Prizein Chemistry will be awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna for their discovery of the CRISPR/Cas9 genetic scissors.

The possibilities offered by CRISPR for probiotics and manipulation of the microbiome will be addressed at the upcoming IPA World Congress + Probiota Americas 2020 Digital Summit in a keynote presentation by Dr Rodolphe Barrangou from North Carolina State University.

Speaking with NutraIngredients-USA this week, Dr Barrangou explained: Most people dont know that CRISPR-Cas systems occur naturally in about half of the bacteria that exist in the world. So, CRISPR actually comes from bacteria. CRISPR has been used in the dairy industry already to enhance phage resistance in cheese cultures, yogurt cultures, and the like.

There are multiple papers that have come out already illustrating our ability to manipulate not just probiotic species but also specific strains. We can use endogenous CRISPRs or exogenous CRISPRs to manipulate some of the common players in the probiotics field commercially. That has been done. We can add genes. We can remove genes. We can change genes of interest, added Dr Barrangou.

What we havent seen as of yet, but were on the cusp of seeing, is enhancing several genes at the same time and then commercializing clinically-tested, proven and substantiated probiotics. Were going to see it right before our eyes.

CRISPR is very powerful. CRISPR is very timely. CRISPR is going to allow us to reshape the future of probiotic genomes more flexibly, more easily, more affordably than we had imagined until now.

Dr Barrangou will deliver his keynote on the opening day of the IPA World Congress + Probiota Americas 2020 Digital Summit on November 10.

Over the three days, sessions will run for two hours, and offer attendees keynote presentations, live panel discussions, presentations from the leading categories leading players, and live Q&A sessions.

The Digital Summit will bring together experts from Seed, UAS/ Chr. Hansen, Lonza, Embria (Cargill), North Carolina State University, University College Cork, ADM, KGK Science, Probi, the International Probiotics Association, the Lawson Health Research Institute, and many more.

The event will also feature a range of exclusive on-demand content, including our unique series of interviews with champions of prebiotics, probiotics and the microbiome.

For more information and to register for FREE, please click the image below.

NOVEMBER 10 - 12, 2020 3-DAY SUMMIT

Connecting the business and science of the microbiome

The rest is here:
CRISPR is going to reshape the future of probiotic genomes: Expert - NutraIngredients-usa.com

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

CRISPR Therapeutics (NASDAQ:CRSP) disappointed the market today with its third-quarter results, due in no small part to a dramatic but expected flip into the red on the bottom line.

For the quarter, the company's collaboration revenue withered to roughly $148,000, from the year-ago figure of nearly $212 million. The extreme fall was due to the fact that in the year-ago quarter, the clinical-stage company received development funds from longtime partner Vertexthat comprised the vast bulk of its revenue.

Image source: Getty Images.

For similar reasons, CRISPR posted a loss in this most recent quarter. This amounted to almost $92.6 million, or $1.32 per share, against the year-ago net profit of $138.4 million.

Neither headline figure met analyst expectations. According to data compiled by Yahoo! Finance, on average, prognosticators tracking the stock were expecting nearly $2.1 million in revenue, and a per-share net loss of only $1.18.

CRISPR's earnings release comes shortly after the company, which specializes in therapies based on gene-editing techniques, made headlines for its off-the-shelf T-cell therapy CTX110. While the company reported some quite promising results in the early-stage trial for CTX110, this was marred by the death of a participant several weeks after he received a relatively high dosage of the treatment. Clinical-stage biotech stocks like CRISPR tend to be very sensitive to negative developments such as this, and shares took a serious hit despite those positive results detailed in the research.

Regardless, investors aren't particularly bullish on the company these days. On Wednesday, they bid the company's stock down by 3.5%, a steeper fall than that of the S&P 500 index.

Continued here:
CRISPR Therapeutics Stock Falls 3.5% on Q3 Results - Motley Fool

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

TipRanks

America goes to the polls on Tuesday (well, actually, America has been early voting for a few weeks, now), and while Democrat Joe Biden has a solid lead in the polls, there is some of evidence that President Trump may still win a second term. Finally, with all of the early voting, mass absentee ballots, and possible extended counting deadlines, we might not know on Tuesday night who the winner is.Its a situation made of uncertainty, and financial markets dont like that. Which brings us to dividend stocks. Investors want a pad, something to protect their portfolio in case of a market drop, and dividends offer just that. These profit-sharing payments to stockholders provide a steady income stream, that typically stays reliable even in a modest downturn. Wall Streets analysts have been doing some of the footwork for us, pinpointing dividend-paying stocks that have kept up high yields, at least 8% to be exact. Opening up theTipRanks database, we examine the details behind those payments to find out what else makes these stocks compelling buys.Altria Group, Inc. (MO)Well start with Altria Group, the tobacco company best known for its iconic Marlboro cigarettes. Altria, like many of the so-called sin stocks, is one of the markets dividend champions, with a long history of reliable, high-yielding payments. The company has benefited from a psychological quirk of human nature during such a wild year as 2020: People will hunker down if necessary, but they wont give up their small pleasures.Cigarettes are exactly that, and even though overall smoking rates have been declining in recent years, Altria saw stable financial results in the last few quarters. The first and second quarters both showed $1.09 in earnings, well above the 97 cents expected in Q1 and modest beat against Q2s $1.06 forecast. Revenues hit $5.06 billion in Q2, in-line with the two previous quarters.Looking ahead, analysts expect Altria to post $1.15 per share in earnings on $5.5 billion in revenues when it reports Q3 results. That report is due out tomorrow morning. Meeting those results will help Altria maintain its dividend although the company has a long-standing, very public, commitment to do just that. Altria has kept its dividend reliable for the past 12 years, and for the last payment, made it September, the company even slightly raised the payout by 2.4%. The current dividend is 86 cents per common share, or $3.44 annualized, and yields an impressive 8.8%.Looking at Altria in the lead-up to the Q3 report, Deutsche Bank analyst Stephen Powers writes, [We] are positively biased on company fundamentals as we approach MO's results next weekreinforced by healthy scanned channel demand intraquarter across MO's core tobacco businesses, with particular strength in cigarettes driven by the Marlboro brand we believe continued operational execution in its core business will enable MO to more credibly position itself as a stable core tobacco investmentPowers rates the stock as a Buy, and his $51 price target implies a 37% upside for the coming year. (To watch Powers track record, click here)Overall, Altria has a Moderate Buy rating from the analyst consensus, based on 3 Buys and 2 Holds set in recent weeks. The stocks current share price is $37.04, and the average price target of $46 suggests a 24% one-year upside. (See MO stock analysis on TipRanks)American Finance Trust (AFIN)Next on our list is a Real Estate Investment Trust, a REIT. These companies are known for their high dividends, a fact resulting from a quirk of tax regulation. REITs are required to return a certain percentage of profits directly to shareholders, and dividends are one of the surest means of compliance. AFIN, which focuses its portfolio on single- and multi-tenant service-retail properties, is typical for its niche.And its niche has been solid. AFIN boasts major companies like Home Depot, Lowes, and Dollar General among its top ten tenants, and announced earlier this month that it has collected over 91% of its third quarter rents. Looking ahead to Q3 results next week, EPS is expected at 23 cents, a 15% increase from Q2. The company offers a monthly dividend, at a rate of 7.1 cents per common share, instead of the more common quarterly payments. The monthly format allows some flexibility in managing adjustments to the payout rate; in April, AFIN reduced the dividend from 9 cents to 7.1 as part of efforts to manage the corona crisis effects on business. The current payment annualizes to 85.2 cents per share, and yields a robust 14.7%. This is more than 7x higher than the average dividend yield found among S&P 500 companies.B. Riley analyst Bryan Maher notes the difficulties that AFIN has faced, as a property owner and manager during an economic downturn, but is confident in the companys ability to meet the challenges.Like most REIT's, AFIN has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which is not surprising given its portfolio has a large number of service retail assets. However, 71% of the portfolio is necessity-focused retail, with the balance being distribution and office properties. As such, AFIN collected 84% of cash rents due in 2Q20, including 96% of the cash rent due from its top 20 tenants. Cash rent collection for July improved to 88%. AFIN has been proactive in working with certain tenants to negotiate rent deferrals/credits Maher noted. To this end, Maher rates AFIN stock a Buy, and gives it a $10 price target. At current trading levels, this implies a strong one-year upside potential of 76%. (To watch Mahers track record, click here)AFIN is priced at $5.69, and its average target matches Mahers, at $10. The stock has a Moderate Buy from the analyst consensus, based on an even split between Buy and Hold reviews. (See AFIN stock analysis on TipRanks)Golub Capital BDC (GBDC)Last but not least is Golub Capital, a business development company and asset manager. Golub works with middle market companies, providing solutions for financing and lending. The company boasts a market cap of $2.2 billion, as well as over $30 billion in capital under management.In the months since the corona virus crisis hit the economy, Golub has seen a depressed share price and high volatility in its earnings. The stock is down 28% year-to-date. Earnings, which collapsed in 4Q19, have been bouncing in 2020. The first quarter showed 33 cent per share, while the Q2 figure came in at 28 cents. Looking ahead, the forecast expects a repeat of the second quarter EPS figure, 28 cents. Revenues have been just as volatile; the first quarter saw a deep net loss, but Q2 saw the top line bounce back to $145 million. This was the highest quarterly revenue figure in the past year.Golub believes in keeping up the dividend for investors, offering not only a reliable regular payment but also periodic special dividends. The company adjusted the payment earlier this year, both to keep it affordable during the coronavirus crisis and to keep the yield from getting too high. The result was a 12% cut, making the current payment 29 cents per common share quarterly. This still gives a high yield of 9.16%, which compares well to the 2.5% average found among finance sector peers.Finian OShea, from Well Fargo, notes that Golub has recently announced a $2 billion unsecured debt issue, a move that gives the company plenty of liquidity in a difficult time. He writes, GBDC isnt paying a hefty premium for unsecureds to begin with... We think the improved flexibility and longer tenor of unsecureds make them an attractive addition to the right side of the balance sheet, and see it as a vote of confidence in GBDCs underlying portfolio.OShea reiterates his Overweight (i.e. Buy) rating on this stock. His price target, at $13.50, indicates room for a modest 6% upside. (To watch OSheas track record, click here)Like AFIN above, Golub Capital has a Moderate Buy consensus rating, with 1 each Buy and Hold reviews. The stocks average price target matches OSheas, at $13.50. (See Golubs stock analysis at TipRanks)To find good ideas for dividend stocks trading at attractive valuations, visit TipRanks Best Stocks to Buy, a newly launched tool that unites all of TipRanks equity insights.Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this article are solely those of the featured analysts. The content is intended to be used for informational purposes only. It is very important to do your own analysis before making any investment.

View original post here:
Did The Underlying Business Drive CRISPR Therapeutics' (NASDAQ:CRSP) Lovely 407% Share Price Gain? - Yahoo Finance

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

AllTheResearchs latest research report provides an overview of thePlant Breeding and CRISPR Plants market with segmentation, regional analysis and discussion of important industry trends, market share estimates and profiles of the leading key players. The identified trends that are very helpful for business decisions. The Plant Breeding and CRISPR Plants Industry report is a valuable source of guidance for the new and prominent growths of the enterprise, the competitive evaluation, and nearby assured analysis for the reviewing size.

The global Plant Breeding and CRISPR Plants market was valued at US$ 7452.1 Mn in 2018 and is expected to reach US$ 17246.7 Mn in 2026, growing at a CAGR of 16.1% during the forecast period.

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Market Segmentation by Type, Application and Region

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Based on Application:

The Global Plant Breeding and CRISPR Plants market analyses and researches the Plant Breeding and CRISPR Plants development status and forecast in the United States, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia, India and Central and South America. The Global Plant Breeding and CRISPR Plants Market focuses on global major leading industry players providing information such as company profiles, product picture and specification, capacity, production, price, cost, revenue, and contact information. Upstream raw materials and equipment and downstream demand analysis is also carried out.

The Plant Breeding and CRISPR Plants industry development trends and marketing channels are analyzed. Finally, the feasibility of new investment projects is assessed, and overall research conclusions offered. The Plant Breeding and CRISPR Plants Market report provides key statistics on the market status of the Plant Breeding and CRISPR Plants manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the industry.

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Plant Breeding and CRISPR Plants Market Report 2026 Focuses on Top Companies, Research Methodology, Drivers and Opportunities - Eurowire

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Have you noticed lately that your social skills are, well, not great? If you find yourself rambling non-stop whenever you have real, in-person interactions (finally!) oron the opposite side of the spectrumhaving no clue how to answer a basic how are you? it could be the result of all that alone time.

And while theyre super important, social distancing and self-isolation have taken a toll on more than just the ability to socialize. Licensed clinical psychologist Aimee Daramus, PsyD, says extreme hanger, sleepless nights, or unexplained pain and exhaustion are also signs that this new normal (well never say it again, we swear), is affecting your body.

According to Dr. Daramus, its normal to feel bad when something bad is happening around you. Feeling bad and not functioning at 100 percent are pretty reasonable right now, she addsso consider that professional permission to cut yourself a break.

The upside, though, is that you can help yourself feel less blah by integrating some supplementswith the purpose of supporting your specific ugh areainto your everyday.

Thats why after picking Dr. Daramuss brain about all the effects of self-isolation (keep on reading for those), we tapped Michael A. Smith, MD, director of education at Life Extension, to pinpoint the specific supplements that can help you out when those effects hit you extra hard.

In addition to being confined to your home (already a doozy), this year may have brought other hardships you didnt see coming, which can result in an overall feeling of uneasiness. People are experiencing multiple losses right nowfrom death to unemployment to milestones that they were looking forward to and traditions they didnt get to participate in, Dr. Daramus says.

While no supplement is the answer to anxiety or depression (and you should definitely talk to a doctor if thats a concern for you), Dr. Smith suggests Life Extension FLORASSIST Mood Improvewhich features specific strains of probiotics as the superstar ingredientsfor some overall emotional well-being support.

Probiotics are so much more than gut health, and its critical, he says. Your microbiome has connections throughout your body, and one of those is mood. As an example, your gut makes serotonin as much as your brain does. (And thats part of the brain-gut connection.)

Along with adding a probiotic to your daily mix, be sure to prioritize self care. Whether that means sticking to your workout routine, going for a long midday walk to clear your head, or even taking fifteen minutes to just unplug from your laptop and chilldedicate time to just being.

If youve noticed yourself feeling more irritable or ready to burst into tears every time you see a puppy, its probably not because Mercury is in retrograde (at least not just because of that).

Emotions are closer to the surface and we dont have all of our usual coping skills, so its easier to cry, lash out at someone, drink too much, eat too much, or overindulge in other ways, she says.

Since a lot of those problems can stem from stress, and unfortunately nothing (yet) exists that can just zap the stress out of your body, Dr. Smith recommends opting for Life Extension Enhanced Stress Relief on the days you wake up overly on-edge. It has L-Theanine (green tea) and lemon balm together, and these ingredients can produce a nice calming effect without knocking you out, he says. And who couldnt use some more calm?

All of these effects of self-isolation fold into one another, so if youre feeling stressed or sad, your sleep might be offand vice versa for when you dont get enough sleep.

To combat those restless nights when you cant shut your mind off, Dr. Smith says Life Extension Fast-Acting Liquid Melatonin is a good go-to.* Its perfect for that person who doesnt need it every night, but who has bad days every once in a while.

So, when you feel the hours of ceiling-staring coming, you can take a deep breath, shut off your devices, and rely on your sleepy time sidekick. Oh, and speaking of deep breathing, maybe the next time you meet up with a pal, take a deep breath and then start rambling.

Paid Content for Life Extension

Top photo: Kathrin Ziegler/Getty Images

*For occasional sleeplessness

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Original post:
3 Ways Social Distancing Could Be Affecting You That You Dont RealizeAnd the Supplements to Deal With It - Well+Good

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

By SKIP MENDLER

(Applause.) Thank you. Thank you very much. Please yes, thank you please, be seated. (Applause continues.) Thank you again. (Applause subsides.)

My dear friends and fellow mortals:

It is my distinct pleasure, as well as honor, to address this fifth gathering of the Mortal Americans Party, and to accept your nomination to be your candidate for Prime Speaker of the New American Democratic Republic. (Applause.)

In the Mortal Americans Party, we have, at last, I believe, found the one thing that ultimately unites us all. Our friends in the Transhumanist Life Extension Party and the Eternal Life Party may disagree, of course, and we look forward to our ongoing discussionsbut for now, we have come together here today on one basic fact:

Were all gonna die. (Applause.)

Liberals, conservatives, atheists and believers alikeall races, genders, variations, mutations and modificationswhatever our backgrounds, whatever our present circumstances, whatever our dreams for the future, we have learned that we must always keep that one inalterable fact somewhere in our minds and let it inform all that we do.

For too long, we tried to pretend that death didnt matter. We kept it in the closet. We tried to hold it at bay with vitamin supplements and dentures, Viagra and facelifts. We idolized youth and kept the elderly at a safe distance.

But the pandemics, and the years of upheaval they have caused, have changed all that.

There is no one way to cope with mortality, of course. Some of us are of the eat, drink and be merry philosophy. (Drunken cheers from the Hedonist Caucus.) Some of us take refuge in the comforts of spirituality. (Shouts of Amen! and Namaste!) Some of us embrace the dark aspects of fatalism. (Silence from the goths under the bleachers.) We respect and honor each others decisions, as we would have our own respected and honored. But I think we who have come here, at least, have agreed that it is important to do what we can, in the time that we have, where we are, with what we have been given. (Applause.)

We have learned that it is not just about us, but about those who preceded us in history, and those to come, who will take up our path in the future. We have learned both to take the long view and to live with gratitude in the moment. We have learned that short-term personal gain is unfulfilling when compared to helping our fellow mortals cope with the pains and challenges of life. We have learned that we cannot be uninvolved in the lives of others, however hard we might try. We have learned that while it is good to live independently and self-sufficiently as possible, there is no shame in asking for help. We have learned, painfully, that unbridled self-centeredness, the idea that I gotta get mine, and to hell with the rest of you, does not workneither for an individual nor a nation.

Most of all, we have learned that todaythis momentis ineffably precious. We must use it as best we canwhether it is to go vote, to help a neighbor, to take care of ourselvesbecause we do not know if we will be given another chance.

So let us move forward, my friends, towards the inevitable, with uplifted spirits. Give out of your heart, as our slogan goes, until your heart gives out.

Let me leave you with the words of Phil Ochs:

And I wont be laughing at the lies, when Im gone

And I cant question how, or when, or why, when Im gone

Cant live proud enough to die, when Im gone

So I guess Ill have to do it while Im here.

(Applause.)

Here is the original post:
Mortal politics - The River Reporter

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Chicago, United States: Global Oral & Dental Probiotics Market Report 2021, Forecast to 2026, The report focuses on encompassing several factors such as global distribution, manufacturers, and various regions. The report has summed up industry analysis size, share, application, and statistics associated with the global Peptide Synthesis market. The report delivers an in-depth competitive landscape, Growth opportunities, market share coupled with product type and applications. The report also estimates comprehensive market revenue along with Growth patterns, and the overall volume of the market.

Crucial information and forecast statistics covered in the Oral & Dental Probiotics Market report will arm both existing and emerging market players with necessary insights to craft long-term strategies as well as maintain business continuity during a crisis such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Key players covered in the report include:Now Foods, Hyperbiotics, Oragenics, Life Extension, Lallemand

>Request for Sample Report (Including COVID19 Impact Analysis, full TOC, Tables and Figures) of Oral & Dental Probiotics Market @ https://www.reporthive.com/request_sample/2545608

NOTE: Due to the pandemic, we have included a special section on the Impact of COVID 19 on the Oral & Dental Probiotics Market which would mention How the Covid-19 is affecting the Oral & Dental Probiotics Industry, Market Trends and Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape, Covid-19 Impact on Key Regions and Proposal for Oral & Dental Probiotics Players to Combat Covid-19 Impact.

Valuable information covered in the Oral & Dental Probiotics Market report has been segregated into key segments and sub-segments.

By Service typePowderChewable tabletsOthersBy End useChildAdultApplication 3

Oral & Dental Probiotics Market: Competition Analysis

The Report Hive Research study presents a comprehensive analysis of global, regional, and country-level players active in the Oral & Dental Probiotics Market. Competitive information detailed in the Oral & Dental Probiotics Market report has been based on innovative product launches, distribution channels, local networks, industrial penetration, production methods, and revenue generation of each market player.

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As the world continues to deal with COVID-19, economies are moving into recession, under multiple adverse factors, the GDP of European and American countries in the second quarter suffered a historical contraction. At an annualized rate, the US GDP fell by 32.9% month on month, while the overall GDP of the euro zone fell by 12.1%.

Moreover, the economic prospects of Europe and the United States in the third quarter under the epidemic situation are hardly optimistic. The resumption of work and production not only brought economic data back, but also triggered a rebound in the epidemic situation. At present, the United States is still the epicenter of the global epidemic. The total number of confirmed cases has exceeded 4.8 million, and the epidemic situation in some European countries has also rebounded. Affected by this, more than 20 states in the United States have announced the suspension or withdrawal of part of the economic restart plan. Britain and Italy have also decided to extend the state of emergency. The rebound of the epidemic situation has posed considerable risks to the economic prospects of Europe and the United States.In the second quarter of this year, US GDP shrank by 9.5% on a month on month basis, or 32.9% at an annual rate, the largest decline since the 1940s. Data show that the sharp decline in personal consumption is the main drag on the U.S. GDP growth in the second quarter.Compared with the United States, Europes economic contraction in the second quarter was smaller, but it was also the lowest on record, with Germany and France contracting more than 10%. According to the data released by the Federal Bureau of statistics, Germanys GDP fell by 10.1% in the second quarter after adjusting for prices, seasons and working days, the largest decline since the quarterly economic data were available in 1970.Thanks to the effective control and policy support of the new epidemic, Chinas economy rebounded sharply in the second quarter. The growth rate of manufacturing industry, which accounted for about 28% of GDP, rebounded sharply to 4.4% from the negative value in the first quarter. Chinese original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and suppliers are ramping up production. And there are increased investments in digital footprints in manufacturing. OEMs in other parts of the world are offering incentives to drive sales. XYZResearch published a report for global Oral & Dental Probiotics market in this environment.

In terms of revenue, this research report indicated that the global Oral & Dental Probiotics market was valued at USD XXX million in 2019, and it is expected to reach a value of USD XXX million by 2026, at a CAGR of XX % over the forecast period 2021-2026. Correspondingly, the forecast analysis of Oral & Dental Probiotics industry comprises of China, USA, Japan, India, Korea and South America, with the production and revenue data in each of the sub-segments.

The ????Now Foods aims at producing XX Oral & Dental Probiotics in 2020, with XX % production to take place in global market, ????Hyperbiotics accounts for a volume share of XX %.

Why Go For Report Hive Research?

Report Hive Research delivers strategic market research reports, statistical surveys, industry analysis and forecast data on products and services, markets and companies. Our clientele ranges mix of global business leaders, government organizations, SMEs, individuals and Start-ups, top management consulting firms, universities, etc. Our library of 700,000 + reports targets high Growth emerging markets in the USA, Europe Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific covering industries like IT, Telecom, Semiconductor, Chemical, Healthcare, Pharmaceutical, Energy and Power, Manufacturing, Automotive and Transportation, Food and Beverages, etc. This large collection of insightful reports assists clients to stay ahead of time and competition. We help in business decision-making on aspects such as market entry strategies, market sizing, market share analysis, sales and revenue, technology trends, competitive analysis, product portfolio, and application analysis, etc.

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Oral & Dental Probiotics Market (Impact Of Covid-19) Opportunities, Top Vendors, Industrial Analysis, Business Investment And Trends In Industry...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

An innovative research study has been offered by Futuristic Reports, offering a comprehensive analysis of the Global Reishi Mushroom Extract Market where users can get an advantage from the comprehensive market research report with all the essential useful information. This is the newest report, covering the existing COVID-19 impact on the Reishi Mushroom Extract market. It has fetched along with numerous changes in market conditions. This segment also provides the Reishi Mushroom Extract scope of different applications and types that can potentially influence the future market. The comprehensive statistics are based on current trends and historical milestones.

This report also delivers an analysis of production volume about the global Reishi Mushroom Extract market and each type from 2020 to 2026. The Reishi Mushroom Extract report explicitly features the market share, company profiles, regional viewpoint, product portfolio, recent developments, newest strategic analysis, key players in the market, deals, circulation chain, manufacturing, production, and newest market entrants. The existing Reishi Mushroom Extract market players, brand value, popular products, demand and supply, and other significant factors identified with the market help players will better understand the market scenario.

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Impact of COVID-19 on Reishi Mushroom Extract Market

The report also contains the effect of the ongoing worldwide pandemic, i.e., COVID-19, on the Reishi Mushroom Extract Market and what the future holds for it. It offers an analysis of the impacts of the epidemic on the international market. The epidemic has immediately interrupted the requirement and supply series. The Reishi Mushroom Extract report also assesses the economic effect on firms and economic demands. Futuristic Reports has accumulated advice from several delegates of this Reishi Mushroom Extract business and has engaged from the secondary and primary research to extend the customers with strategies and data to combat industry struggles throughout and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

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The report offers a comprehensive assessment of the progression and other Reishi Mushroom Extract market features in significant regions, including South Korea, Taiwan, North America, Europe, Canada, Germany, France, Southeast Asia, Mexico, and Brazil, Pacific, and Latin America. U.S., U.K., Italy, Russia, China, Japan, etc.

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Reishi Mushroom Extract Market Global Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunities, and Forecast, Covid-19 Impact by 2026 - The Think Curiouser

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Stem cell-derived cells are ready-made human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) and iPS-derived cell lines that are extracted ethically and have been characterized as per highest industry standards. Stem cell-derived cells iPS cells are derived from the skin fibroblasts from variety of healthy human donors of varying age and gender. These stem cell-derived cells are then commercialized for use with the consent obtained from cell donors. These stem cell-derived cells are then developed using a complete culture system that is an easy-to-use system used for defined iPS-derived cell expansion. Majority of the key players in stem cell-derived cells market are focused on generating high-end quality cardiomyocytes as well as hepatocytes that enables end use facilities to easily obtain ready-made iPSC-derived cells. As the stem cell-derived cells market registers a robust growth due to rapid adoption in stem cellderived cells therapy products, there is a relative need for regulatory guidelines that need to be maintained to assist designing of scientifically comprehensive preclinical studies. The stem cell-derived cells obtained from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) are initially dissociated into a single-cell suspension and later frozen in vials. The commercially available stem cell-derived cell kits contain a vial of stem cell-derived cells, a bottle of thawing base and culture base.

The increasing approval for new stem cell-derived cells by the FDA across the globe is projected to propel stem cell-derived cells market revenue growth over the forecast years. With low entry barriers, a rise in number of companies has been registered that specializes in offering high end quality human tissue for research purpose to obtain human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) derived cells. The increase in product commercialization activities for stem cell-derived cells by leading manufacturers such as Takara Bio Inc. With the increasing rise in development of stem cell based therapies, the number of stem cell-derived cells under development or due for FDA approval is anticipated to increase, thereby estimating to be the most prominent factor driving the growth of stem cell-derived cells market. However, high costs associated with the development of stem cell-derived cells using complete culture systems is restraining the revenue growth in stem cell-derived cells market.

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The global Stem cell-derived cells market is segmented on basis of product type, material type, application type, end user and geographic region:

Segmentation by Product Type

Segmentation by End User

The stem cell-derived cells market is categorized based on product type and end user. Based on product type, the stem cell-derived cells are classified into two major types stem cell-derived cell kits and accessories. Among these stem cell-derived cell kits, stem cell-derived hepatocytes kits are the most preferred stem cell-derived cells product type. On the basis of product type, stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes kits segment is projected to expand its growth at a significant CAGR over the forecast years on the account of more demand from the end use segments. However, the stem cell-derived definitive endoderm cell kits segment is projected to remain the second most lucrative revenue share segment in stem cell-derived cells market. Biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies followed by research and academic institutions is expected to register substantial revenue growth rate during the forecast period.

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North America and Europe cumulatively are projected to remain most lucrative regions and register significant market revenue share in global stem cell-derived cells market due to the increased patient pool in the regions with increasing adoption for stem cell based therapies. The launch of new stem cell-derived cells kits and accessories on FDA approval for the U.S. market allows North America to capture significant revenue share in stem cell-derived cells market. Asian countries due to strong funding in research and development are entirely focused on production of stem cell-derived cells thereby aiding South Asian and East Asian countries to grow at a robust CAGR over the forecast period.

Some of the major key manufacturers involved in global stem cell-derived cells market are Takara Bio Inc., Viacyte, Inc. and others.

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The Stem Cell-Derived Cells market to be in conjunction to growth from 2020 to 2030 - PRnews Leader

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Cell Harvesting Systems: Introduction

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Market Dynamics of Global Cell Harvesting Systems Market

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Cell Harvesting Systems Market: Increasing demand for stem cell transplantation along with stem cell-based therapy to drive the market - BioSpace

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Medical skin care products are used for beautifying or to address some other skin care problems. The cosmetic industry is booming and skin care forms a very huge part of this industry. The aesthetic appearance is so important that people spend a lot on skin care products and treatment. People being more technologically aware of the various new skin care products trending in the market. In addition to the aesthetic application, the medical skin care products are also used to address issues such as acne, pimples or scars.

Medical Skin Care Products Market: Drivers and Restraints

The medical skin care products is primarily driven by the need of natural based active ingredients products which are now trending in the market. Consumers demand medical skin care products which favor health and environment. Moreover, the consumers are updated with the trends so that various companies end up providing such products to satisfy the customers. For instance, a single product face mask has thousands of different variants. This offers consumers different options to select the product depending on the skin type. Moreover, the market players catering to the medical skin care products are offering products with advanced technologies. For instance, Santinov launched the CICABEL mask using stem cell material based on advanced technologies. The stem cells used in the skin care product helps to to protect and activate the cells and promote the proliferation of skin epidermal cells and the anagenesis of skin fibrosis.

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Medical Skin Care Products Market: Segmentation

On the basis of product type the medical skin care products market can be segmented as:

On the basis of application, the medical skin care products market can be segment as:

On the basis of distribution channel, the medical skin care products market can be segment as:

Medical Skin Care Products Market: Overview

Medical skin care products are used to address basic skin problems ranging from acne to scars. There are various advancements in the ingredients used to offer skin care products to the consumers. For instance, the use of hyaluronic acid and retinoids is the latest development in the industry. The anti-aging creams are at the forefront as the help treating issues such as wrinkles, scars, acne, and sun damage. Another, product in demand is the probiotic skincare which include lactobacillus and bifidobacterium.

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Medical Skin Care Products Market: Region-wise Outlook

In terms of geography, medical skin care products market has been divided into five regions including North- America, Asia- Pacific, Middle-East & Africa, Latin America and Europe. North America dominated the global medical skin care products market as international players are acquiring domestic companies to make their hold strong in the U.S. LOral is accelerating its U.S. market by signing a definitive agreement with Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Inc. to acquire CeraVe, AcneFree and Ambi skin-care brands for US$ 1.3 billion. The acquisition is expected LOreal to get hold of the brands in the price-accessible segment. Asia Pacific is expected to be the fastest growing region owing to the increasing disposable income and rising awareness towards the skin care products.

Medical Skin Care Products Market: Key Market Participants

Some of the medical skin care products market participants are Avon Products Inc., Beiersdorf AG, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Kao Corporation, LOral S.A., Procter & Gamble, Shiseido Company, The Estee Lauder Companies Inc., Unilever PLC, Revlon, Clinique Laboratories, llc., Murad, LLC., SkinCeuticals, RMS Beauty, J.R. Watkins and 100% PURE.

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The Medical Skin Care Products market to witness non-linear transition from 2017 to 2025 - Eurowire

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Every day, the average woman comes into contact with more than 500 harmful chemicals before she even leaves the house. After being absorbed into the body, these toxins can lead to health issues basically the opposite of what everyone is striving for right now.

EvolvE Cryo + Wellness founder Shannon Maddalena has made it her mission to soothe, revive, and nurture the body, from top to toe and inside and out.

"We strive to create a dialogue around health and holistic treatments to help reduce cortisol levels, improve immune function, reduce pain and inflammation, and increase energy and quality of sleep," she says. "If we are on a proactive path to become and stay healthy, we avoid working to correct sickness. If your immune system is prepared to fight off whatever the world throws at it, it is primed to do its job: keep you healthy."

Maddalena opened EvolvE nearly five years ago, and quickly became a go-to for Austinites looking for ways to clean up their bodies. Even professional athletes are on board the facility is the official wellness center of the Austin Bold soccer team.

But what really sets Evolve apart are its innovative treatments, all in a beautiful and relaxing atmosphere that send blood pressure dropping as soon as you walk in the door.

Here's a closer look at what is offered:

Infrared saunaThis holistic, comprehensive approach to detoxification can not only improve your skin's appearance, but also provide pain relief, improve circulation, support your immune system, and even reduce cellulite. Compared to a conventional sauna, infrared eliminates up to seven times more toxins by working at a cellular level, helping the heat penetrate deeper into your body and produce a more intense sweat. And with individual rooms, each session is completely private.

CryotherapyExposing your body to extreme cold induces a number of physiological changes. Initially, as the blood vessels constrict, blood moves away from the limbs and toward the vital organs. The immune system increases white blood cell count to fight viruses and bacteria, the circulatory system reacts to increased productivity, and inflammation and arthritis pain is significantly reduced.

In addition, the endocrine system jumps into action to release endorphins and norepinephrine that inflate "feel good" hormones in the blood stream. Studies have shown a reduction in cortisol and an increase in cold shock proteins, which protect the brain from both short- and long-term damage.

Body treatmentsThere's so much more than massage (though EvolvE certainly offers several relaxing options). The holistic treatments range from acupuncture, said to help with chronic pain and acute injury; to cupping, which increases circulation and calms the nervous system; to gua sha, a way to boost immunity and reduce inflammation.

There's as much science at EvolvE as there is Eastern holistic treatments, with photobiomodulation helping the body to absorb light energy to enhance tissue health at the cellular level. See? We really are just houseplants with more complicated emotions.

Skin treatmentsIt was important to Yarbrough that EvolvE only use the highest quality organic products featuring the world's most nutrient-dense, whole botanicals sourced from sustainable and ethical growers around the globe (and several local to Austin). Therefore, each signature skin treatment incorporates products that are botanically rich and nutrient dense, housing peptides, vitamin C, hyaluronic acid, marine algaes, and superfoods.

The Liquid Facelift, for example, infuses over 100 vitamins, minerals, and nutrients into the skin in an 80-minute treatment incorporating bioenergy, stem cells, and nanotechnology to brighten skin, reduce pores, and reverse the signs of aging.

"In the midst of a pandemic, there is a growing appetite for holistic health and a need to nurture not only the body, but the mind and spirit," says Maddalena. "We have to be our own advocates, because no one knows how it feels to be in our body. We know when something is even slightly off, and can take appropriate action from there."

EvolvE is located in the Austin hub of SoLA, just south of downtown at 3411 S. Lamar. Call512-326-2600 or visit its website to book a service.

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Rejuvenating Austin spa puts holistic health and wellness on the table - CultureMap Austin

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Cosmetic Skin Care Market Data and Acquisition Research Study with Trends and Opportunities 2019-2024The study of Cosmetic Skin Care market is a compilation of the market of Cosmetic Skin Care broken down into its entirety on the basis of types, application, trends and opportunities, mergers and acquisitions, drivers and restraints, and a global outreach. The detailed study also offers a board interpretation of the Cosmetic Skin Care industry from a variety of data points that are collected through reputable and verified sources. Furthermore, the study sheds a lights on a market interpretations on a global scale which is further distributed through distribution channels, generated incomes sources and a marginalized market space where most trade occurs.

Along with a generalized market study, the report also consists of the risks that are often neglected when it comes to the Cosmetic Skin Care industry in a comprehensive manner. The study is also divided in an analytical space where the forecast is predicted through a primary and secondary research methodologies along with an in-house model.

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Key players in the global Cosmetic Skin Care market covered in Chapter 4:HenkelNatura & CoKaoLaboratories IPRADMary KayBeiersdorfEste Lauder CompaniesCotyColgate-PalmoliveUnileverP&GShiseidoChanelJohnson & JohnsonAmorepacificRevlonKoseAvonLVMHL BrandsLOreal

In Chapter 11 and 13.3, on the basis of types, the Cosmetic Skin Care market from 2015 to 2026 is primarily split into:Anti-Aging Cosmetic ProductsSkin Whitening Cosmetic ProductsSensitive Skin Care ProductsAnti-Acne ProductsDry Skin Care ProductsWarts Removal ProductsInfants Skin Care ProductsAnti-Scars Solution ProductsMole Removal ProductsMulti Utility Products

In Chapter 12 and 13.4, on the basis of applications, the Cosmetic Skin Care market from 2015 to 2026 covers:Stem Cells Protection Against UVFlakiness ReductionRehydrate the Skin SurfaceMinimize wrinklesIncrease the viscosity of Aqueous

Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2015-2026) of the following regions are covered in Chapter 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13:North America (Covered in Chapter 6 and 13)United StatesCanadaMexicoEurope (Covered in Chapter 7 and 13)GermanyUKFranceItalySpainRussiaOthersAsia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 8 and 13)ChinaJapanSouth KoreaAustraliaIndiaSoutheast AsiaOthersMiddle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 9 and 13)Saudi ArabiaUAEEgyptNigeriaSouth AfricaOthersSouth America (Covered in Chapter 10 and 13)BrazilArgentinaColumbiaChileOthers

For a global outreach, the Cosmetic Skin Care study also classifies the market into a global distribution where key market demographics are established based on the majority of the market share. The following markets that are often considered for establishing a global outreach are North America, Europe, Asia, and the Rest of the World. Depending on the study, the following markets are often interchanged, added, or excluded as certain markets only adhere to certain products and needs.

Here is a short glance at what the study actually encompasses:Study includes strategic developments, latest product launches, regional growth markers and mergers & acquisitionsRevenue, cost price, capacity & utilizations, import/export rates and market shareForecast predictions are generated from analytical data sources and calculated through a series of in-house processes.

However, based on requirements, this report could be customized for specific regions and countries.

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Some Point of Table of Content:

Chapter One: Report Overview

Chapter Two: Global Market Growth Trends

Chapter Three: Value Chain of Cosmetic Skin Care Market

Chapter Four: Players Profiles

Chapter Five: Global Cosmetic Skin Care Market Analysis by Regions

Chapter Six: North America Cosmetic Skin Care Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter Seven: Europe Cosmetic Skin Care Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter Eight: Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Skin Care Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter Nine: Middle East and Africa Cosmetic Skin Care Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter Ten: South America Cosmetic Skin Care Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter Eleven: Global Cosmetic Skin Care Market Segment by Types

Chapter Twelve: Global Cosmetic Skin Care Market Segment by Applications 12.1 Global Cosmetic Skin Care Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020) 12.1.1 Global Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020) 12.1.2 Global Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020) 12.2 Stem Cells Protection Against UV Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 12.3 Flakiness Reduction Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 12.4 Rehydrate the Skin Surface Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 12.5 Minimize wrinkles Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 12.6 Increase the viscosity of Aqueous Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Chapter Thirteen: Cosmetic Skin Care Market Forecast by Regions (2020-2026) continued

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List of tablesList of Tables and Figures Table Global Cosmetic Skin Care Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2020-2026) Figure Global Cosmetic Skin Care Market Share by Type in 2019 & 2026 Figure Anti-Aging Cosmetic Products Features Figure Skin Whitening Cosmetic Products Features Figure Sensitive Skin Care Products Features Figure Anti-Acne Products Features Figure Dry Skin Care Products Features Figure Warts Removal Products Features Figure Infants Skin Care Products Features Figure Anti-Scars Solution Products Features Figure Mole Removal Products Features Figure Multi Utility Products Features Table Global Cosmetic Skin Care Market Size Growth by Application (2020-2026) Figure Global Cosmetic Skin Care Market Share by Application in 2019 & 2026 Figure Stem Cells Protection Against UV Description Figure Flakiness Reduction Description Figure Rehydrate the Skin Surface Description Figure Minimize wrinkles Description Figure Increase the viscosity of Aqueous Description Figure Global COVID-19 Status Overview Table Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on Cosmetic Skin Care Industry Development Table SWOT Analysis Figure Porters Five Forces Analysis Figure Global Cosmetic Skin Care Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2026 Table Industry News Table Industry Policies Figure Value Chain Status of Cosmetic Skin Care Figure Production Process of Cosmetic Skin Care Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Cosmetic Skin Care Figure Major Company Analysis (by Business Distribution Base, by Product Type) Table Downstream Major Customer Analysis (by Region) Table Henkel Profile Table Henkel Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table Natura & Co Profile Table Natura & Co Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table Kao Profile Table Kao Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table Laboratories IPRAD Profile Table Laboratories IPRAD Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table Mary Kay Profile Table Mary Kay Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table Beiersdorf Profile Table Beiersdorf Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table Este Lauder Companies Profile Table Este Lauder Companies Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table Coty Profile Table Coty Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table Colgate-Palmolive Profile Table Colgate-Palmolive Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table Unilever Profile Table Unilever Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table P&G Profile Table P&G Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table Shiseido Profile Table Shiseido Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table Chanel Profile Table Chanel Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table Johnson & Johnson Profile Table Johnson & Johnson Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table Amorepacific Profile Table Amorepacific Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table Revlon Profile Table Revlon Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table Kose Profile Table Kose Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table Avon Profile Table Avon Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table LVMH Profile Table LVMH Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table L Brands Profile Table L Brands Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table LOreal Profile Table LOreal Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Figure Global Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Global Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue ($) and Growth (2015-2020) Table Global Cosmetic Skin Care Sales by Regions (2015-2020) Table Global Cosmetic Skin Care Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020) Table Global Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue ($) by Regions (2015-2020) Table Global Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020) Table Global Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2015 Table Global Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019 Figure North America Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Europe Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Middle East and Africa Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure South America Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure North America Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue ($) and Growth (2015-2020) Table North America Cosmetic Skin Care Sales by Countries (2015-2020) Table North America Cosmetic Skin Care Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure North America Cosmetic Skin Care Sales Market Share by Countries in 2015 Figure North America Cosmetic Skin Care Sales Market Share by Countries in 2019 Table North America Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue ($) by Countries (2015-2020) Table North America Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure North America Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2015 Figure North America Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019 Figure United States Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Canada Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Mexico Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure Europe Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue ($) Growth (2015-2020) Table Europe Cosmetic Skin Care Sales by Countries (2015-2020) Table Europe Cosmetic Skin Care Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure Europe Cosmetic Skin Care Sales Market Share by Countries in 2015 Figure Europe Cosmetic Skin Care Sales Market Share by Countries in 2019 Table Europe Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue ($) by Countries (2015-2020) Table Europe Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure Europe Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2015 Figure Europe Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019 Figure Germany Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure UK Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure France Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Italy Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Spain Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Russia Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue ($) and Growth (2015-2020) Table Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Skin Care Sales by Countries (2015-2020) Table Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Skin Care Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Skin Care Sales Market Share by Countries in 2015 Figure Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Skin Care Sales Market Share by Countries in 2019 Table Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue ($) by Countries (2015-2020) Table Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2015 Figure Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019 Figure China Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Japan Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure South Korea Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Australia Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure India Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Southeast Asia Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Middle East and Africa Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue ($) and Growth (2015-2020) continued

About HongChun Research: HongChun Research main aim is to assist our clients in order to give a detailed perspective on the current market trends and build long-lasting connections with our clientele. Our studies are designed to provide solid quantitative facts combined with strategic industrial insights that are acquired from proprietary sources and an in-house model.

Contact Details: Jennifer GrayManager Global Sales+ 852 8170 0792[emailprotected]

NOTE: Our report does take into account the impact of coronavirus pandemic and dedicates qualitative as well as quantitative sections of information within the report that emphasizes the impact of COVID-19.

As this pandemic is ongoing and leading to dynamic shifts in stocks and businesses worldwide, we take into account the current condition and forecast the market data taking into consideration the micro and macroeconomic factors that will be affected by the pandemic.

Cosmetic Skin Care :

HongChun Research, Cosmetic Skin Care , Cosmetic Skin Care market, Cosmetic Skin Care industry, Cosmetic Skin Care market size, Cosmetic Skin Care market share, Cosmetic Skin Care market Forecast, Cosmetic Skin Care market Outlook, Cosmetic Skin Care market projection, Cosmetic Skin Care market analysis, Cosmetic Skin Care market SWOT Analysis, Cosmetic Skin Care market insights

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Impact Of Covid-19 on Cosmetic Skin Care Market 2020 Industry Challenges, Business Overview and Forecast Research Study 2026 - PRnews Leader

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Biotech can often, and sometimes literally, fly over our heads. However, the pandemic has shown an increased need for investment and focus on solutions that work on human and planetary health. For IndieBio, a science and biotech accelerator run by VC firm SOSV, this unprecedented year offered high stakes and new challenges.

Today and tomorrow, the biotech accelerator is hosting its twice-annual demo day.

Starting in 2015, IndieBio has provided resources to founders solving complex challenges with biotech, from fake meat to sustainability. Over the years, the accelerator has created a portfolio of biotech companies valued at over $3.2 billion, including companies like Memphis Meats, which develops cultured meat from animal cells; NotCo, a plant-based food brand; and Catalog, which uses organisms for data storage.

As part of the accelerator, each participating company receives $250,000 in capital, numerous other services and access to lab space. In July, the founder and head of IndieBio, Arvind Gupta, left his position to pursue a role at Mayfield. While Gupta remains an adviser,Po Bronson took the role as the new managing director.

Bronson was immediately put to the test. This year, the program expanded from operating solely in San Francisco to also create a cohort based in New York. It also doubled the amount of companies it invested in, bringing this cohort to 20 companies.

As you can imagine, lockdowns ultimately forced founders to delay key lab work in the beginning of the pandemic. Eventually, founders were able to partner with universities, contract research organizations or other biotech accelerators to begin their research, says Julie Wolf, the head of investor relations at SOSV. The NYC class received a golden ticket for free lab space come November.

And these dynamics make this cohort all the more fascinating to dive into.

Watch the New York Stream here, which will happen on Tuesday October 27 from 1:00-3:00pm ET.

Watch the San Francisco stream here, which will happen on Wednesday October 28 from 10:00-12:00pm PT.

For those who cant tune in, heres a list of all the companies presenting in New York and San Francisco over the next two days.

Reazent: Founded by Sumit Verma, Reazent has discovered and patented a way to manipulate soil bacteria into triggering crops to grow more. It works with 116 strains, from kale to potatoes, and wants to dig into the market of organic agricultural land.

Image Credits: Witthaya Prasongsin / Getty Images

Kraken Sense: Founded by Nisha Sarveswaran, Kraken Sense has created an in-line autonomous device to measure the concentration of pathogens in large-scale food and water systems. The product can be deployed in farms and kitchens and uses refillable single-use cartridges.

Advanced Microbubbles: The startup, led by Jameel Feshitan, has created a platform that helps practitioners deliver drugs to complex and difficult tumors. The company collaborated with NIH NIDA and uses proprietary bubbles to deliver chemotherapeutics. Currently, Microbubbles is working to solve two types of cancers: neuroblastoma and pancreatic cancer.

Cybele Microbiome:CEO Nicole Scott has created a direct-to-consumer skincare line with a focus on prebiotics. The line uses ingredients that work in tandem with the skin microbiome, even triggering it to express natural scents.

Ivy Natal:Ivy Natal is developing a process to harvest healthy human egg cells from skin cells. CEO Colin Bortner is working on a treatment for infertility and plans to enable families to have genetic children who cant otherwise with current solutions.

Microgenesis: Led by Gabriela Gutierrez, Microgenesis has created a proprietary test and nutraceutical regiment (including probiotics) to help women who struggle with infertility get pregnant. The company worked with a cohort of 287 mothers, and with its product over 75% of patients became pregnant.

Image Credits: Westend61 / Getty Images

AsimicA:Led by Nikolai Mushnikov, Asmicia has created a new way to bring stem cells to microbes. The company could lengthen and grow the yields of bio-manufacturing, and is currently working to select the right fermentation partner.

Liberum: CEO Aidan Tinafar is working to disrupt what they think could be a $400 billion market opportunity: recombinant proteins. Liberum has created a protein printer that could cut down the creation of custom recombinant proteins from weeks to a few hours.

Khepra:Led by Julie Kring, Khepra is leveraging fuel production as a way to store extra renewable energy. The company is building a series of reactors that could take your old plastic bottles and cardboard boxes, extract chemicals and fuels, and sell that fuel to refineries.

Carbix:Carbix, led by Quincy Sammy, takes enriched CO2 and converts it into raw material that can then be repurposed into industrial products.

Spintex: CEO Alex Greenhalgh is creating a new, scalable way of making silk. The company mimics spider spinning and uses a natural protein, with an end product that they see as better than premium silk.

Biomage:CEO Adam Kurkiewicz wants to make single-cell sequencing data more accessible for research biologistics. The technology could help scientists explore human cells to enhance medicine and drug discovery.

Diptera.ai: Vic Levitin is creating a scalable, affordable and sustainable way to fight mosquitoes and their diseases.

Cayuga Biotech:Damien Kudela, CEO of Cayuga Biotech, has created a drug that could induce clots and stop severe bleeding situations.

Brightcure:Chiara Heide, CEO of Brightcure, has created a bioactive cream that uses natural bacterium to restore a womans natural microbiome.

Multus Media:CEO Cai Linton is producing an ingredient that hopes to make cultivated meat production affordable and accessible.

Image Credits: Getty Images

BioFeyn:The company uses nanotechnologies based on human medicine to deliver nutrients and disease prevention to fish. CEO Timothy Bouley is working to make eating healthy fish a sustainable practice.

Halomine: Ted Eveleth, CEO, wants to turn every surface into an antimicrobial surface. Halomines product, Halofilm, can be used in tandem with any household bleach cleaner to enhance disinfection techniques.

Allied Microbiota:Lauralynn Kourtz, CEO of Allied Microbiota, wants to use natural microbes to eliminate toxic waste. The company uses bacteria to clean contaminated soils.

Scindo: Scindo, led by Gustaf Hemberg, uses enzymes to make plastic biodegradable.

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Next-gen skincare, silk without spiders and pollution for lunch: Meet the biotech startups pitching at IndieBios Demo Day - TechCrunch

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

In her three decades in science, Jennifer Doudna said she has seen a gradual erosion of trust in the profession, but the recent Nobel Prize winner told "Axios on HBO" that the institution itself has been under assault from the current administration.

Why it matters: That has manifested itself in everything from how the federal government approaches climate change to the pandemic.

The big picture: Doudna acknowledges that the scientific community probably hurt itself. The effort to stay above the political fray may well have led to too little dialogue between those making discoveries and the leaders responsible for funding those efforts.

Driving the news: Doudna and French colleague Emmanuelle Charpentier were earlier this month awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for their work on CRISPR, a gene-editing technique that can be likened to a pair of molecular scissors that can change DNA.

The bottom line: While Doudna was part of the first all-female team to win the Nobel Prize in chemistry, she said her goal is for that to eventually be unremarkable.

Originally posted here:
CRISPR pioneer: "Science is on the ballot" in 2020 - Axios

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Scientists Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna have won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for their pioneering work on the gene-editing tool CRISPR. The tool has been used to engineer better crops and to try to cure human diseases. (Oct. 7) AP Domestic

Coronavirus tests performed in labsare the gold standard for accuracy, and antigen tests are a fast and inexpensive alternative.

But backers of a third type of test, developed by a Nobel Prize winner usingcutting-edge CRISPR technology, say it has the potential to be all three:rapid, accurate and inexpensive.

Although these gene-editing technology testsare still being developed and won't be readyin the United States this yearas the weather cools and demandsurges, research groups recently published papers describing them as anappealing alternative as testing shortages persist amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Dr. Jennifer Doudna, a University of California-Berkeley researcher whose pioneering work in CRISPR earned a share of this year's Nobel Prize in chemistry, said the test can be done quickly and doesn't require a lab.

"We have a ways to go before CRISPR-based diagnostics reach widespread use, but I believe well see an impact during the current pandemic," Doudna said. "Because it is simple to adjust these tests to detect other targets, the platform were developing now is laying the groundwork to deploy CRISPR for rapid diagnosis during future outbreaks."

Dr. Jennifer Doudna of the University of California-Berkeley earned a share of this year's Nobel Prize in chemistry for her pioneering work in CRISPR technology.(Photo: Susan Walsh, AP)

CRISPR, or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, is a gene-editing technology studiedfor a wide range of uses from cancer and sickle cell disease treatments to improved food production.

In 2016, Doudna's lab developed a way to detect RNA using the technology.Her lab collaborated with Dr. Melanie Ott of San Francisco-based Gladstone Institutes to develop an HIV test, but when the pandemic hit, the researchers focused on developing a coronavirus test.

The test recognizesa sequence of RNA inSARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19.

Inan Oct. 12 publication, researchers reported the test yielded results infive minutes and correctly identified five samples from patients with the coronavirus. When used witha mobile phone to detect signals generated by thetest, the technology couldprovide a fast, low-cost test outside a laboratory, researchers saidin the paper, which was not peer-reviewed.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology scientists also are honing a CRISPR-based test that can be used outside a lab. In a New England Journal of Medicine letter published last month, researchers said the test was evaluated at a University of Washington lab using 202 samples with the coronavirus and 200 without. The test correctly identified 93.1% of positive samples. The test also had 98.5% specificity, which means it rarely reportedfalse positives.

Feluda, a paper-based CRISPRtest named after a fictional India detective, has been cleared by that nation'sdrug regulators for commercial launch. But it's unclear how the Indian conglomerate Tata Group plans to deploy the test in India, which trails only the United States with nearly 7.7 million cases, according to data from Johns Hopkins University.

GigiGronvall, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, said she expects more labs will explore tests using this technology.She called it"extremely promising" because people can use thetests outside the lab.

"That has been a big challenge with testing generally,"Gronvall said."People need to have their results pretty quickly otherwise they keep going about their day and they might be infectious and not stop having contact with other people."

More: White House COVID-19 outbreak shows the limits of testing; even the most accurate ones can miss the coronavirus early

More: Rapid, cheap home tests: Companies attempt to make coronavirus tests widely available

More: 'Totally unacceptable': Testing delays force labs to prioritize COVID-19 tests for some, not others

The south San Francisco-based biotechnology firm Mammoth Biosciences, co-founded by Doudna, is working to further develop its test and make it available to labs and medical providers. The companyreceived a National Institutes of Health grant to accelerate development.

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Mammoth CEO Trevor Martin said the company's goal is to make a test that is fast and accurate.

"Right now you have to make this choice: Do you want something that is simple and fast or something that has the highest accuracy?" Martin said.

The most accurate lab tests are molecular-basedpolymerase chain reaction, or PCR, which amplify a small amount of genetic material from anasal swab sample. Labs are limited in the number of PCR tests they can run because of periodic shortages of chemical reagents and other testing materials. In July, when demand outpaced labs' ability to perform tests, consumers whose tests were routed to major labs routinely waited a week or longer for results.

Antigen tests, which detect proteins of the coronavirus,can produce results in 15 minutes but are considered less sensitive than lab tests.

Martin saidCRISPR-based tests offer "a technology that is very simple, very fast yet extremely accurate."

Beyond the technology, test developers are trying to solve another challenge: designinga test that is easy to use and inexpensive.

Dr. Feng Zhang, an MIT biochemist and core member of the Broad Institutewhose lab is developing the StopCOVID test, said his team wants to make a low-cost device that can work with a disposable cartridge. Collaborators wanta testeasy enough for consumers to use at home by takingtheir own nasal swab.

"The challenge is to work out how to scale up the manufacturing so that we can get the cost to be as low as possible," Zhang said.

He said his collaborators are working to bring the test to market as soon as possible. A version of the test already is being used by a Thailand hospital to screen patients.

Mammoth's Martin said designing a test for wide useis "where a lot of things stumble."

"Its really nice to have a new technology but you need to get it to the places where its needed," he said. "Thats something weve been working on very diligently."

Dr. Sophia L. Yohe,director of the University of Minnesotas Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, said it'sunknown whether test developers will be able to streamline steps to allow a large number of tests.

Some early versions of CRISPR tests required samples to be extracted and amplified, similar to a lab-based PCR tests, saidYohe, chair of the College of American Pathologists Personalized Health Care Committee.

"If you can do only one test at a time, even if it only takes 30 minutes, suddenly doing a thousand tests takes a long time," she said. "So scalability I think is an issue that has to be considered if you are looking at doing high volumes of testing."

Ken Alltucker is on Twitter as@kalltuckeror can be emailed at alltuck@usatoday.com

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Fast, cheap, accurate: Researchers pin hopes on Nobel Prize-winning CRISPR technology to detect coronavirus - USA TODAY

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[MUSIC - THEME, SWAY]

(SINGING) When you walk in the room, do you have sway?

Jennifer Doudna just won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Its for her work on something called Crispr. Shes the smart one so shell explain it in a minute. Doudna and her collaborator, Emmanuelle Charpentier, are only the sixth and seventh women in history to win chemistrys highest honor. Their work is groundbreaking, a fast and precise way to edit the genome. Its already been used to grow seedless tomatoes, double a dogs muscle mass, and treat people with sickle cell anemia. Someday, it could be used to make designer babies. But before we get to the complex ethics of playing God, we started with the basics.

Lets explain the basic idea of Crispr. It stands for and I want you to say it because youll say it correctly, and Ill bollocks it. But it stands for

Clusters of Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats. Say that three times fast. [LAUGHS] Or dont.

You lost me at palindromic. But I know what a palindrome is, so thank goodness. So explain very basically how its different from before. Because you didnt discover Crispr. Francisco Mojica did. But talk about this breakthrough now.

Well, I think its important to point out that in bacteria, Crispr works as an adaptive immune system, analogous to the way our own bodies fight infection. The mechanisms are different, but the principle is the same. Our bodies can adapt to viruses, learn how to fight them. And similarly, in bacteria, the bacteria use the Crispr pathway to do that. The characteristic of all of these Crispr immunity systems is a distinctive pattern of DNA sequences that represents the storage mechanism for learning about a new virus, and then learning how to fight back against it.

So its bacteria protecting itself.

Exactly, yep. And I was interested in this because I thought it was incredibly exciting that this whole kingdom of life that namely bacteria might have adaptive immunity that had never been studied. Previously, nobody knew about it. And so we wanted to understand it. And this is where the technology comes in because in working with Emmanuelle Charpentier and her team

This is your colleague who you won the Nobel Prize with?

Correct, and so we were able to figure out exactly how this Crispr bacterial immune system operates. And it works using a protein that can cut DNA precisely. And importantly and this is the key to the technology the cutting, the position, the sequence of DNA that gets cut is defined by a small molecule of RNA, which is a chemical cousin of DNA that can be, after our work, controlled by scientists to allow this Crispr protein called Cas9 to cut DNA at a place of our choosing.

Right, and youre injecting this RNA in, correct?

Yeah, there are different ways to put it in. You can inject it. You can program the cell to make it. Its rewriting the code. Its taking an editor to the code, like you might edit a Word document. And so that just gives scientists the ability to address questions they couldnt address before. And I think that its fair to say that human beings now have a tool for manipulating DNA precisely in cells. That puts in our hands the ability to control our fate, control our genetic fate, and that of all other organisms that we occupy the planet with. So it is a profound opportunity and also a big challenge to make sure that its used responsibly.

And so essentially, when you were discovering this, when this was your breakthrough, you compared it at one point to a good suspense novel. Can you explain that?

Well, science for me is always a good suspense novel. And this was a particularly interesting volume of it. First of all, we thought, OK, theres evidence that this protein cuts DNA. But how does it do that? And so we did experiments to answer that question. It was a very cool answer. It was, well, this is a programmable protein. We can program it with these RNA molecules to cut a desired DNA sequence. And then I think the leap to the technology was appreciating that we could actually engineer it to be simpler than nature has done by creating a simpler way to make this little RNA molecule that does the programming.

These bacteria were protecting themselves, and then they had a map for you of how they did it.

Yeah, Id call it a map, sure. Yeah, yeah. But heres something very important to appreciate. In bacteria, bacteria do not use Crispr for genome editing, as far as we know. They use it to destroy viral DNA. Thats what they did.

Coming at them.

Its coming at them, and they cut it up and destroy it. But once we understood how that worked, we realized that we could use it differently in plant and animal cells and human cells because of fundamental biological differences in the way those cells deal with DNA breaks.

So essentially, what you invented is gene editing technology, but with scary precision.

Well, I didnt at the time, I wasnt thinking scary. I was thinking, cool, you know? Exciting, wow.

Well get to scary in a minute. But what was the question you asked yourself when you saw that?

First question was, what is it doing? And then once we knew what it was doing, you could start to make connections and say, well, if it does this, then if we put it into these other types of cells, its going to do that. Its going to do genome editing.

So where was the suspense moment?

I think for us, the suspense was kind of twofold. One was, how does it work, and figuring that out. And the second was, is it actually going to be useful for genome editing? And testing that and showing that was just incredibly exciting.

And so you worked with you mentioned is it Dr. Charpentier?

Yeah.

Talk to me about that collaboration. I know Ive heard about you meeting and everything else. How did you work together on it?

Yeah, so we were in three different countries. Emmanuelle was in Sweden at the time. Her student was working Krzys Chylinski working in Vienna and Martin Jinek and I working in Berkeley. So it was a lot of international coordination there, different time zones, et cetera. And it was a lot of fun. It was a lot of fun because the project took off very quickly. They started to get exciting data right away. And so we were communicating back and forth, initially email and occasional Skype calls. Experiments and ideas and thinking would be going on in one time zone, and then wed go to bed. And Emmanuelle and her team would wake up, and they would take over. And we felt like we were sort of working 24/7 that way.

Right. I want to run through some of the high hopes people have for this technology and get it straight, what is actually possible. I kind of think of it, like, you dont know what people are going to make once you invent, say, the iPhone. You dont know what the killer app, so to speak, is. So lets go through some things. Now, could it solve world hunger? How would it do that?

Yeah, no question. I think there is a lot of excitement about that. How do we increase food production? How do we increase the nutritional value of food? I mean, I would just start by saying that when we talk about plants, everything we eat is genome editing, in my opinion, because its been bred to have properties that are valuable to us. And how does that happen? Well, its because plant breeders are introducing random changes into DNA of plants and then selecting for desired traits. So thats been going on for a long time, obviously, for eons, probably. And the difference now with Crispr is that now we have a technology that allows precision. So we dont have to wait for random mutations to crop up, along with all sorts of other things that are maybe undesirable. But we actually can go in and precisely alter a gene or a set of genes and nothing else. And so thats very important.

Drought resistant crops?

Yeah, exactly. In the Innovative Genomics Institute that I founded, which is a Berkeley UCSF partnership, we have a very active program on that. And theyre focused on things like increasing the number of pores in plants or decreasing them to control the amount of water flux into leaves. I mean, its a very practical thing that one can now do with genome editing.

So lets move onto something else. Could you help someone regenerate a lost limb or

Thats going to be tough. Even if we could, for something like that, there are going to be many, many genes involved. So thats part of it. And we dont know what they are. So thats a big jump.

So that would be a challenge. Could you revive extinct animals? The woolly mammoth thing has always seemed to interest scientists.

Yeah, that comes up a lot. I think George Church may disagree with me on this, but I think the wooly mammoth is going to be a big challenge. More power to him if he can do it. But I think

This is a scientist I think at Harvard, right?

Yeah, hes talked a lot about this. I think more realistic, though, is to revive species that have gone extinct recently, like the carrier pigeon, for example, is one that gets discussed. Because it has a genome thats not that different from existing animals, other birds, where you could imagine being able to reengineer changes into an existing genome to recreate the original properties of that bird.

What about future babies smarter, healthier, more beautiful, taller, whatever you want?

Yeah, its a very intriguing idea. Its also one of the most fraught topics in Crispr because of the echoes of eugenics, thinking about safety, and I think just the challenges, honestly, of who decides and how do you monitor health of somebody whos had genes edited when they were an embryo. Its a very big challenge. And so, of course, the field has been working on this for years now in terms of thinking about appropriate regulation and guidelines. And its an ongoing topic. And Im sure many listeners are familiar with the fact that there was an announcement about Crispr babies a couple of years ago that really did galvanize, I think, international cooperation to ensure that that sort of inappropriate use doesnt happen again.

Right, so a couple more of the future possibilities. Coronavirus something youre working on. How would Crispr be applied to that?

I think its most useful in the current pandemic certainly as a diagnostic method. So this is another one of those things that came out of just doing fundamental biochemistry and understanding the mechanisms of these Crispr proteins, was discovering that some of them have the ability to detect and kind of report on a DNA or RNA sequence that they encounter. We think about it in the context of pandemic preparedness.

So for testing.

Yeah.

For testing, but what about actually putting a gene into people, fixing the gene so they dont get it, rather than flu shots and things like that?

Yeah, interesting possibility. I think not something that will happen in a timeline that will affect the current pandemic, but I think this is a very interesting idea in the future, is, will we understand enough about, for example, how the immune system deals with a virus like the SARS-Cov-2 virus that causes Covid-19 to be able to program cells to get ready?

To get ready before.

Yeah.

So we wouldnt need vaccines. So its vaccination for whatever comes along, correct?

Yeah.

Right, fascinating. So this is this idea of an adaptive immune system. So possibilities, those are more far away, but the day-to-day applications like my brothers a doctor in San Francisco at CPMC, and he has muscular dystrophy. And he was talking about that. Some of these diseases like sickle cell anemia, muscular dystrophy can you talk about things that are in the immediate?

Yeah, well, sickle cell is maybe the one to mention first.

Its a blood disease, right?

Yeah, because its a blood disease. Its also its been well-known for decades that its caused by a single genetic mutation that affects red blood cells. And so Crispr is, thats the right tool one gene, fix the gene. And in fact, that is roaring ahead. There are multiple clinical trials ongoing currently for sickle cell disease. Weve already seen the announcement about Victoria Gray, a patient who received Crispr therapy for her sickle cell disease and has apparently been cured of her disease, which is just extraordinary. In fact, just a couple of days ago, I heard from her doctor on the East Coast writing to me about just his thoughts about it as a technology after the Nobel announcement. So I think many of us feel very excited about those opportunities.

So single gene problems are things that are less complex.

Exactly, and muscular dystrophy is another great example of that, right? Thats another disease well-known, single gene that causes that disease. And Crispr is a tool that can be harnessed for that purpose as well.

Any other areas?

Well, I guess the other two I would mention, one is cystic fibrosis. I think thats a little further down the line because we dont, today, know an easy way to get the gene editing molecules into lung cells, where they would be necessary for cystic fibrosis. But that is a disease where, again, theres a well-known single gene that causes that disease. And then the other area of biology that I think is likely to be impacted by Crispr in the coming 5 to 10 years, I would say, is neurodegenerative disease in the brain. I mean

This is dementia.

Yeah, Dementia, Parkinsons, familial forms of ALS. I mean, these are all diseases where, again, at least in some cases, we understand the gene, or genes. Sometimes its a few genes that are involved. And Crispr in principle could be used to make corrections.

And breast cancer?

Well, breast cancer is harder. I think any cancers, there, I guess, the way I think about Crispr for a cancer treatment is more in the context of cancer immunotherapy as a way to help the immune system fight the cancer.

Yeah. All right, well, lets talk about the darker side of Crispr, obviously. Its something you think about a lot in your book, A Crack in Creation. You describe waking up in a cold sweat from a nightmare. Youre introduced to Adolf Hitler whos wearing a pig mask OK. He wants to know more about your amazing technology. Do you still have nightmares like this? And what do you take away from that?

Yeah. I mean, I think that dream, for me, came kind of relatively early on in the evolution of the development of the technology and, for me, was kind of a crystallization, I guess, of unease that I had and just things that I was thinking about, kind of nebulous fears that kind of all came together in that dream. And I havent had a dream quite like that since, but maybe thats why it really stood out for me. It just it really was kind of this moment, in a way, of, oh my gosh, this

You woke up.

Yeah.

You had this dream, and you woke up, and then did what?

Yeah, and I was sweating. And I just thought, oh my god. I mean, what have I done?

Yeah.

And realized

Its your little Dr. Frankenstein moment, right?

Kind of, yeah. And I just think that, for me, that was one of the kind of stepping stones to getting comfortable, if I ever did. I dont know if I am comfortable, but getting more comfortable, at least, with realizing that, OK, I need to step out of my lab, and I need to start talking about this publicly. Because this is a technology that has great risk.

Right, so lets talk about that. Because, again, we talked about you are fine with gene editing for alterations that arent passed on, that essentially dies with the patient. Then germline editing, which is explain what that is, and why did you want a moratorium, because you declared that five years ago. And it feels a little like Oppenheimer opposing the H bomb.

Well, lets start with what germline editing is. So it means making genetic changes that are heritable. That means they can be passed on to future generations. And so if you introduce a genetic change using Crispr, lets say, in sperm or eggs or an embryo, that is then used for either fertilization or for then implantation and to create a pregnancy, then those genetic changes become part of all the cells in that individual. And they can be passed on to future generations. So its a profound thing to think about because its one thing if youre tweaking a gene for I dont know eye color or something. It sort of sounds pretty innocuous. But its very different if you start thinking about changes that might affect somebodys fertility or their intelligence or their other properties that they might have, even their physical properties. And then how that might be misused, where you can certainly imagine lots of misuses of that.

Oh, one can always. Theres been hundreds of science fiction movies where thats misused, right? Its been imagined.

Its been imagined, yes.

So have you become more flexible on germline? When you just said eye color is innocuous, is it?

Well, is it? Yeah, its a great question. Personally, would I ever use Crispr to change color in a child of mine or advise someone to do that? No. I wouldnt. And I think that with any technology, one has to balance risk versus benefit. And with something like embryo editing, theres still a lot of risk that goes along with it, that inadvertent changes are made. Or even if it was perfect at targeting the gene youre targeting, we dont really know what the long-term effects of a lot of mutations of that nature would actually be in an individual. So I just dont I dont think one could condone that. But I have to say that when I first started thinking about that use of Crispr, I felt really opposed to it. I just thought I just cant I cant see anyone justifying that. But in the intervening years, I guess I have come to appreciate a couple of things. One is that theres a lot of fundamental biology that is not known about early human development that might only be possible to discover using Crispr in embryos that are being utilized for research under appropriate guidelines, and not being allowed to develop beyond a few days, essentially, in the laboratory. And so Ive come to feel that there is value in those kinds of experiments, if theyre conducted under appropriate ethical guidelines. But I certainly dont think that the timing is right or that theres really any justification right now for using Crispr to edit embryos that are then implanted to create a pregnancy.

Right, so this idea of designer humans or genome-engineered humans. What do you think we lose if we start playing with genetics? Do we need genetic variation in life like this? Theyre not imperfections, if you think of it that way.

Absolutely. I mean, I think thats what makes human life so rich, right, is there is all this incredible variation. But I do think that, again, thinking some period of time in the future, lets say that we get to a point where Crispr use in embryos is well understood. Its possible to and we understand genetics of certain diseases. Ill give you one example. There is a gene that is clearly involved in high cholesterol in individuals. And heart disease is still a major killer in many countries, including the U.S. Imagine that you could use Crispr in families that have this gene that makes them susceptible to heart disease to give them the form of the gene that is protective against that. Would we do it? I think its possible, right? I think when the technology is clearly safe and were making that one tweak to one gene, I think that could be something that some families might decide they want to do.

Who decides, from your perspective, when its dangerous? Because the National Security Agency released a report on threat assessment and include genome editing in there as a potential weapon of mass destruction.

Yeah.

What scares you the most about where the technology could lead, without any laws in place?

When I think about how it could get rolled out, I think it could happen in the context of in vitro fertilization clinics that, for example, offer a menu of traits and say, check off. I want my baby to have this, that, the other thing. And then were going to use Crispr to make those tweaks. I think that makes me uncomfortable certainly now, partly because, technologically, its just not realistic to do that without a lot of risk, but also because of what you just said. Who should decide that? And how would you monitor the health of individuals who were born after that kind of treatment? And I think these are very big questions

So who should?

that have yet to be addressed.

Who should, from your perspective?

I guess I do feel that if we look at the history of in vitro fertilization, that does offer a road map. Is it the right one? Im not sure, but it is a roadmap. And as you may know, that technology developed, in many ways, in kind of a very grassroots sort of way. There was no top down prescription of, heres how were going to do it. It was more just initial efforts to use it, kind of in a one-off way. Louise Brown, of course, a very famous first baby born as a result of IVF. And when it was clear that she had sort of developed normally, I think many people that were facing infertile lack of fertility, this became a very realistic option. So I think that we could see Crispr getting deployed in a similar fashion, where there will be kind of one-off uses here and there. And depending on the outcomes, that will start to be more widely adopted. [MUSIC PLAYING]

Well be right back.

Two years ago, a Chinese scientist shocked the world. A pair of twins had been born to an HIV positive father. And Dr. He Jiankui announced he had modified their embryos to make the newborns HIV resistant. They were the worlds first Crispr babies. The scientist who engineered them was found guilty of illegal medical practices and is currently serving a three-year prison sentence in China.

What levers and regulations exist in the scientific community?

Well, lets start with here in the U.S. In the United States, since the 1970s, weve had regulations in place that really make it impossible for anyone here to get regulatory approval to create a pregnancy. So what I understood from talking to the scientist who reported this, He Jiankui, is that I think he really felt that this would be OK. I think that he didnt think that he was breaking any laws or that he was doing anything illegal at the time. I think he saw himself, in a way, as somebody who was bringing this technology to people that might, in the future, want to use it with their babies.

Yeah, and he e-mailed you to tell you about it. Is that correct?

He did, yeah.

Can you recap that? Youre getting that email. What did you think?

Yeah, well, I got that email. I was actually here in the U.S. I was about to leave for a conference on human genome editing, the second international summit, which was happening in Hong Kong. This was two Novembers ago. And it was Thanksgiving weekend, in fact. And I received an email with a subject line, Babies Born.

Oh, no.

And yeah, it was kind of one of those nightmare emails that came in.

But not a nightmare, a real one.

View original post here:
Kara Swisher and Dr. Jennifer Doudna on CRISPR and Its Possibilities - The New York Times

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

It all began with bacteria: The observation and study of these single-celled organisms in the early 1980s allowed scientists to get a glimpse of the bacterial genome. In bacterial DNA, researchers found a class of repetitive nucleotide sequences, which they called Clusters of Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, or CRISPR.

This finding was the basis of what would become CRISPR-Cas9, the gene editing tool that won this years Nobel Prize in Chemistry, awarded to Dr. Emmanuelle Charpentier and Dr. Jennifer Doudna, who began their work in 2011.

Like human cells, bacteria have the ability to recognize invading pathogens that attack their DNA. Unlike human cells, which have a variety of ways to kill viruses or inhibit their replication, some bacteria incorporate a part of the virus genome into their own DNA, using it as a guide to detect DNA from similar viruses during subsequent infections. These viral segments are known as spacers and are integrated into the bacterias CRISPR sequences for later use.

The other component of the CRISPR system is Cas9, a bacterial enzyme that cleaves foreign DNA marked by CRISPR sequences. If the bacterial cell detects the same virus a second time, a copy of the viral DNA is transcribed to the Cas9 enzyme, giving it a molecular clue of what to search for in the cell. Once it matches the clue sequence to the invaders DNA, Cas9 acts like a pair of scissors, cutting the viral DNA and preventing reinfection.

While working with onebacterial species, Charpentier found RNA sequences which play a key role in the cleavage mechanism of CRISPR-Cas9. In collaboration with Doudna, they succeeded in recreating the Cas9s genetic scissors in a test tube, showing that upon fusing an RNA transcript (also called a guide RNA) with Cas9, they could develop a simplified system that reproduces that same cleavage mechanism.

Over the next 10 years, Charpentier and Douda refined their method of gene editing, allowing them to excise and insert DNA sequences of their choosing. In an interview with The McGill Tribune, Dr. Yann Joly, a bioethicist and assistant professor in McGills Department of Human Genetics, commented that their discovery would revolutionize the idea of gene editing.

Charpentier and Doudna used this knowledge about an obscure bacterial immune mechanism (CRISPR) and transposed it into a tool that can simply and cheaply edit the genomes of everything living organism: Human, animal, or vegetable, Joly said.

The advantage of this method is that it enables not only cutting, but also the pasting of new DNA sequences at the site of the excision. Guide RNAs can also provide a template for repairing broken DNA.

Many genome editors existed before CRISPR, but using them was time consuming, cumbersome, and expensive, Joly said.

A technology that has the power to edit the genetic makeup of humans raises ethical concerns.

Because CRISPR-Cas9 is so easy to access and use by anyone with [any] scientific knowledge, it means that the technology is also vulnerable to misuse by biohackers and bioterrorists, Joly said. Given potential limitations and [possible] side-effects of the technology, along with the potential for editing the germline, the consequences could be far reaching. Such misuses are also very difficult to prevent through traditional ethic[s] policies and regulations.

One current debate discusses the extent to which CRISPR-Cas9 should be regulated in clinical research involving human subjects. Although there are legal implications, this discovery has potential for revolutionizing the field of gene therapy and targeted medicine. Regardless, CRISPR-Cas9 still has a long way to go, both mechanically and ethically, before its use can become widespread.

The potential [uses of CRISPR-Cas9] in medicine and agriculture [are] extremely promising but the technology still needs a lot of fine tuning, Joly said. Research and experiments on computer models and animal models [remain important to understanding] off-target effects, [such as] mosaicism and unknown long-term effects.

Originally posted here:
CRISPR-Cas9: The gene editing tool that has revolutionized molecular biology - McGill Tribune

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Babies born with a faulty maternal copy of the UBE3A gene will develop Angelman syndrome, which currently has no cure, and has only limited treatments. Now, scientists have shown that gene editing and gene therapy techniques can be used to restore the UBE3A in human neuron cultures and treat deficits in an animal model of Angelman syndrome.

The study, led by senior author Mark Zylka, PhD, Director of the UNC Neuroscience Center and W.R. Kenan, Jr. Distinguished Professor of Cell Biology and Physiology, has been published in the journal Nature, and lays important groundwork for a long-lasting treatment or cure for this debilitating disease, as well as a therapeutic path forward for other single-gene disorders.

Angelman syndrome is caused by a deletion or mutation of the maternal copy of the gene that encodes the ubiquitin protein ligase E3A (UBE3A). The paternal copy of UBE3A is typically silenced in neurons, so the loss of maternal UBE3A results in a complete absence of the UBE3A enzyme in most areas of the brain. This enzyme targets proteins for degradation, a vital process that maintains normal function of brain cells.

When that process malfunctions, the result is Angelman syndrome, a brain disorder with symptoms that include severe intellectual and developmental disabilities, seizures, and problems with speech, balance, movement, and sleep.

Our study shows how multiple symptoms associated with Angelman syndrome could be treated with a CRISPR-Cas9 gene therapy, Zylka said. And we are now pursuing this with help of clinicians at UNC-Chapel Hill. Turning on the paternal copy of UBE3A is an attractive therapeutic strategy because it could reverse the underlying molecular deficiency of the disease.

However, the paternal gene is silenced by a long strand of RNA, produced in the antisense orientation to UBE3A, which blocks production of the enzyme from the paternal copy of the gene.

Members of the research team set out to devise a way to use CRISPR-Cas9 to restore the UBE3A enzyme to normal levels by disrupting the antisense RNA.

The team used an adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy to deliver the Cas9 protein throughout the brain of embryonic mice that model Angelman syndrome. Because UBE3A is essential for normal brain development, early treatment is crucial.

The researchers found that embryonic and early postnatal treatment rescued physical and behavioural phenotypes found in Angelman syndrome patients, finding that a single neonatal injection of AAV unsilenced paternal UBE3A for at least 17 months. The data suggests this effect is likely to be permanent, and the researchers also demonstrated that this approach was effective in human neurons in culture.

Zylka said: No other treatments currently being pursued for Angelman syndrome last this long, nor do they treat as many symptoms. I am confident others will eventually recognise the advantages of detecting the mutation that causes Angelman syndrome prenatally and treating shortly thereafter.

The researchers are now focussing on refining an approach that will be suitable for use in humans.

Identifying Angelman syndrome

Using brain imaging and behaviour observations, the Zylka lab will now collaborate with researchers at the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities (CIDD) to identify symptoms in babies that have the genetic mutation that causes Angelman syndrome.

Zylka said: The idea is to use genetic tests to identify babies that are likely to develop Angelman syndrome, treat prenatally or around the time of birth, and then use these early symptoms as endpoints to evaluate efficacy in a clinical trial.

Our data and that of other groups clearly indicates that prenatal treatment has the potential to prevent Angelman syndrome from fully developing.

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Is CRISPR gene therapy for rare Angelman Syndrome on the horizon? - Health Europa

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CRISPR Therapeutics (NASDAQ:CRSP), once a high flyer due to its cutting-edge, genome-editing solutions, is one of the more unpopular healthcare stocks this week.

That's almost entirely because of the death of one of the patients participating in an early-stage clinical trial for the company's T-cell cancer-treatment candidate, CTX110, which was reported along with the study's results on Wednesday.

Image source: Getty Images.

Nevertheless, one investment bank continues to be resolutely bullish on CRISPR stock. This is Chardan Capital, whose analyst Geulah Livshits reiterated her buy recommendation in a research note disseminated on Thursday. She believes the unpopular shares will reverse course and has raised their price target to $110 from her previous $100 target -- 22% above the most recent closing price.

According to TipRanks, among 14 analysts tracking the stock, Livshits is one of the more bullish in terms of price target. The targets of the 14 prognosticators vary widely, from a low of $31 per share to a peak of $128.

Interestingly, at the same time the Chardan Capital prognosticator is near the bottom end of estimates for CRISPR's current fourth-quarter net loss. She's estimating that the company will post a shortfall of $1.30 per share. The lowest estimate out of the 17 analysts tracked by Yahoo! Finance is $1.32. On average, the 17 are expecting CRISPR to lose $1.16 per share for the period.

Regarding the CTX110 study, Livshits pointed to the wider results indicating pronounced anti-tumor effects in several of the advanced-stage patients. The analyst wrote in her note that this "could be a positive signal on durability," adding that the candidate has a 42% chance of success.

Nevertheless, CRISPR shares fell on the day, declining by 2.2% against the 0.5% gain of the S&P 500 index.

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Is CRISPR Therapeutics Really Headed to $110? - Motley Fool

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

This article was originally published here

J Chem Inf Model. 2020 Oct 27. doi: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00929. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

CRISPR-Cas12a is a genome-editing system, recently also harnessed for nucleic acid detection, which is promising for the diagnosis of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus through the DETECTR technology. Here, a collective ensemble of multimicrosecond molecular dynamics characterizes the key dynamic determinants allowing nucleic acid processing in CRISPR-Cas12a. We show that DNA binding induces a switch in the conformational dynamics of Cas12a, which results in the activation of the peripheral REC2 and Nuc domains to enable cleavage of nucleic acids. The simulations reveal that large-amplitude motions of the Nuc domain could favor the conformational activation of the system toward DNA cleavages. In this process, the REC lobe plays a critical role. Accordingly, the joint dynamics of REC and Nuc shows the tendency to prime the conformational transition of the DNA target strand toward the catalytic site. Most notably, the highly coupled dynamics of the REC2 region and Nuc domain suggests that REC2 could act as a regulator of the Nuc function, similar to what was observed previously for the HNH domain in the CRISPR-associated nuclease Cas9. These mutual domain dynamics could be critical for the nonspecific binding of DNA and thereby for the underlying mechanistic functioning of the DETECTR technology. Considering that REC is a key determinant in the systems specificity, our findings provide a rational basis for future biophysical studies aimed at characterizing its function in CRISPR-Cas12a. Overall, our outcomes advance our mechanistic understanding of CRISPR-Cas12a and provide grounds for novel engineering efforts to improve genome editing and viral detection.

PMID:33107304 | DOI:10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00929

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Molecular Dynamics Reveals a DNA-Induced Dynamic Switch Triggering Activation of CRISPR-Cas12a - DocWire News

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Theres a new industry that is rising, that is promising to be as disruptive as AI and blockchain, that industry is genomics. With the benefit of CRISPR, affordable human genome sequencing, and advances in data science, a handful of companies are positioning themselves to take advantage of this new advent of healthcare. We will explore what is genomics, what companies are positioning themselves for this future, and why it matters.

Genomics is the study of a persons genes (the genome), the field reviews the interactions of those genes with each other and with the persons environment. The genome is an organisms complete set of DNA which programs the individual with different physical traits. Virtually every single cell in the body contains a complete copy of the approximately 3 billion DNA base pairs, or letters, that make up the human genome. With the power of data science it is now possible to study how genes interact, and in some cases edit genes in order to modify a single DNA letter, or base, in a gene.

There are multiple exponential technologies that have merged to enable the easy and cost-effective sequencing of the complete human genome. Sequencing the first human genome cost 2.7 Billion and took 13 years. Due to Moores Law and other exponential technologies the cost has now been reduced to $1000, and is projected to be further reduced to $100.

This means we are entering an era where anyone can have their complete human genome sequenced, in search of errors, or predispositions to certain illnesses or health issues.

Multiple companies are clamoring for a marketplace where initially consumers will demand to have their genome sequenced, and eventually, medical professionals will demand it. This is driving the force behind many of the genomic companies in the marketplace, the second driving force is the transformative power of CRISPR technology.

To familiarize oneself with CRISPR, one must first understand that there are multiple use cases for the terminology. In biology, CRISPR refers to DNA sequences naturally found in the genomes of bacteria and other microorganisms. CRISPRs are the sequences of a crucial component of the immune system that protect bacteria from viruses. The CRISPR immune system defends itself from viral attack by destroying the genome of the invading virus. This is where CRISPR technology then enters the scene.

For popular usage and in how we will explain it, CRISPR is shorthand for CRISPR-Cas9. CRISPR in combination with a protein called Cas9 (or CRISPR-associated) is an enzyme that acts like a pair of molecular scissors, capable of cutting strands of DNA. While the idea of gene editing has been around since the 1950s, CRISPR has enabled a cost-effective level of gene editing with a precision that has never before been available.

There are currently dozens of companies that are taking advantage of genomics, we will review five of the leading companies that are publicly traded.

What sets CRSPR Therapeutics apart is the all-star team of founders, this includes Dr. Emmanuelle Charpentier whose seminal research unveiled the key mechanisms of the CRISPR-Cas9 technology, laying the foundation for the use of CRISPR-Cas9 as a versatile and precise gene-editing tool. Numerous awards have recognized her work, including the Breakthrough Prize in Life Science.

CRISPR Therapeutics is developing an efficient and versatile CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing platform into therapies to treat hemoglobinopathies, cancer, diabetes, and other diseases.

The first therapy that they are advancing is targeting the blood diseases -thalassemia and sickle cell disease, this has now entered clinical testing, as has the first allogeneic CAR-T program targeting B-cell malignancies. While sickle cell is a disease with an arguable small market, once the technology is mature they can advance to targeting other disease vectors.

Invitae Corporation is primed to take advantage of the rapidly decreasing cost of sequencing a human genome. This is a genetic information company that specializes in providing information for genetic diagnostics, preimplantation, and carrier screening for inherited disorders, miscarriage analysis, and hereditary cancer. Basically, any big data that can be provided from sequencing the human genome, Invitae Corporation offers.

Recently, Invitae Corporation partnered with ArcherDX to bring comprehensive cancer genetics and precision oncology to patients worldwide.

For anyone searching to take advantage of a company that is sequencing human genomes, they are a market leader.

Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc. is a biotechnology company founded in 2004 that develops and manufactures systems for gene sequencing and some novel real-time biological observation. Theyve developed a single molecule, real-time (SMRT) Sequencing technology that delivers high consensus accuracy with unprecedented read lengths. This a new way to study the synthesis and regulation of DNA, RNA, and proteins by harnessing advances in biochemistry, optics, nanofabrication, and more.

Some of the current applications they are working on include detecting epigenetic changes during sequencing to open the door to easier exploration of DNA modification to connect genotype with phenotype. This will enable understanding the effects of epigenetics on a broad range of biological processes, including gene expression, host-pathogen interactions, environmental response, DNA damage, and DNA repair. Furthermore, it will uncover the role of epigenetics in the inheritance of traits from one generation to the next.

Twist Biosciences Corp manufactures synthetic DNA for clients in the biotechnology industry. Theyve designed a DNA synthesis platform to address the limitations of throughput, scalability, and cost inherent in legacy DNA synthesis methods. This allows them to achieve precision manufacturing of DNA at scale.

The high-throughput silicon platform enables Twist Biosciences to miniaturize the chemistry necessary for DNA synthesis. This miniaturization allows the company to reduce the reaction volumes by a factor of 1,000,000 while increasing throughput by a factor of 1,000, enabling the synthesis of 9,600 genes on a single silicon chip at full scale.

This is essentially an easy way for other companies to order DNA as needed.

Illumina, Inc develops, manufactures, and markets integrated systems for the analysis of genetic variation and biological function. The company provides a line of products and services that serve the sequencing, genotyping and gene expression, and proteomics markets.

The technology is currently being used to assist with COVID-19, they enable companies working around the clock to track transmission, conduct surveillance, develop therapies and vaccines for any type of viral infection.

Some of their current offerings include access to fast, high-quality, sample-to-data next-generation sequencing (NGS) services such as RNA and whole-genome sequencing services.

While we have listed some of the primary companies that are taking advantage of low-cost human genome sequencing, and gene editing, there are many other companies that are promising. The healthcare industry is ripe for disruption; investors that strategically become shareholders in some of these market leaders will be best positioned for the advent of a new industry. Investors should ensure that they become familiar with genomics, with a special emphasis on CRISPR.

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Investing in Genomics and CRISPR - Everything You Need to Know - Securities.io

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

CRISPR, the gene-editing device that could someday make deadly diseases a thing of the past, has been the subject of endless fascination and controversy. Now take that and put it on steroids.

Those CRISPR breakthroughs youve heard about (including that scandalous one) were all made possible by the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Cas9 can remove small pieces of harmful DNA with unreal precision, but now an upgrade to the CRISPR-Cas3 systemhas created what could be a miracle or a monster. Cas3 targets DNA, chases it and chomps down an entire strand like Pac-Man eats Power Pellets. Because Cas3 can remove much longer stretches of DNA in pathogenic bacteria quickly and accurately, it could be how we finally figure out to genetically warp pathogens so they no longer make us sick.

Cas3 is a really potent bacterial immune system that targets phagesit can chew up the whole phage genome, UCSF microbiologist and professor Joseph Bondy-Denomy, who recently led a study published in Nature Methods, told SYFY WIRE. Our focus was deleting large non-mobile regions. So we simply started targeting different regions and isolating survivors. We were surprised to see the bacteria survived this and could repair the big cut.

CRISPR actually spawned in bacteria as a defense against their nemeses, viruses known as bacteriophages. Think of bacteriophages as those candy-colored ghosts who want nothing better than to take down Pac-Man. They especially act like Pinky, that pink phantom who is always trying to ambush him in chase mode. Cas3 and Cas9 are both enzymes in the bacterial immune system. When phages threaten bacteria, the bacteria fight back by messing with their genes. They steal some viral DNA and incorporate it into their own, which makes RNA that binds to its DNA mirror image in the phage. CRISPR enzymes will then obliterate the enemy.

Now imagine that a CRISPR enzyme can be manipulated to edit out genetic information in other things besides bacteriophages, including the bacteria that originally evolved this immune system. Having Pac-Man chew up the DNA that makes pathogenic bacteria cause illness could render it harmless.

Cas9 can snap up a small piece of DNA. Cas3 is part of a different bacterial immune system, and behaves more like the pixelated yellow guy with an endless appetite. Think of Pac-Man eating one Power Pellet at a time versus an entire row of them. It chomps on one strand of the DNA double helix and leaves the other strand exposed. When there is an entire strand of harmful DNA that needs to be deleted, what would take Cas9 a hundred bites to erase will take Cas3 just one. This genetic Pac-Man can chow down on as many as 100 bacterial genes. But how exactly does it chew?

Cas3 has a helicase domain which hydrolyzes ATP and pushes it along DNA while it cuts, Bondy-Denomy said.

Meaning, Cas3 is the type of enzyme thatbreaks down ATPadenosine triphosphate, the main source of energy in all life-formsthrough the process of hydrolysis. It reacts with water to break bonds that release high amounts of energy which fuel processes inside cells and makes it possible for those cells to transfer energy from one area to another so an organism can survive. Experimenting with this Pac-Man in a lab and modifying it will enable scientists to study parts of bacterial DNA that have defied understanding. Bacteria often have long strands DNA that originally came from outside sources, and this is where Cas3 comes in. Some of these DNA stretches have no use. Others could be dangerous.

The research team modified the CRISPR-Cas3 system of the pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other species of bacteria, some of which were also pathogens. They were able to prove that it was possible for bacteria to function after DNA erasure.

In the future, it could potentially disarm over a thousand types of pathogenic bacteria that swarm in the gut. Not much is known about most of them except food poisoning culprit E.coli and a few others. There are certain genes in these types of bacteria that make you want to hold a paper bag over your face, but imagine if those could be deleted and you never had to worry about food poisoning again. Bondy-Denomy can see even further beyond that.

One of the most promising future uses for Cas3 is deleting large regions of bacterial genomes to screen for new phenotypes, new molecules that get produced, and vaccine production, he said.

Could this potentially be used on the COVID-19 virus? CRISPR systems did originally evolve to fight off viruses, so you never know.

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Pac-Man meets genetics in new DNA editing that plays like the game - SYFY WIRE

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CRISPR Technology Market SWOT Analysis, Latest Trends, By Top Key Players- Thermo Fisher Scientific Merck KGaA GenScript Integrated DNA Technologies...

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On Oct. 7, an amazing advancement for women occurred for the first time in history: Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna, a duo of female scientists, received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry without a male contributor listed on the award. They were awarded this prize due to their research in genome editing with the tool called CRISPR. Whether you remember reading about CRISPR in AP Biology in high school or are actively involved with CRISPR as a chemistry or bioengineering student, what remains clear is that these two women paved the way for the next generation of female scientists, and for how genetic diseases will be cured.

The Point talked with a female professor and two female students via email about this advancement. Each had much to share about their experiences as women in this field. Heidi Woelbern, a biology professor at PLNU, uses CRISPR in her research. Olivia Owen and Kaitlyn Morgan are both biochemistry majors.

The Point: What is genome editing and how has Charpentier and Doudnas work changed the course of science in relation to DNA experiments?

Heidi Woelbern: CRISPR technology is revolutionary. The ability to edit genes within the genome is foundational to understanding what exactly they do. When I was in graduate school in the early 2000s, a graduate student might spend two years developing a mouse model in which a single gene was knocked out. For instance, if you were interested in diabetes, you might knock out one of the many genes thought to play a role in diabetes. You would then study the mouse to see if diabetes was ameliorated or then still persisted. With CRISPR technology, a knockout mouse model can be developed in about one month. The gene-editing capabilities are more precise, vastly cheaper and produce results in a fraction of the time.

Olivia Owen: The work of these two women with CRISPR is revolutionary. Its going to be the foundation for so many other scientific and medical breakthroughs, and its already being used in numerous ways to treat cancer and genetic diseases.

Kaitlyn Morgan: I am currently in genetics [class] right now and am learning about CRISPR. It really excited me after learning that these two women were the pioneers of developing the CRISPR model to influence new technological advances in treating disease by altering the genome.

TP: What was your initial reaction when you found out that Charpentier and Doudna had won this prize?

HW: I was thrilled to see this. I love that it was a team of women, working collaboratively, in different countries (Emmanuelle Charpentier was working in Europe, predominantly in Germany and Jennifer Doudna in the U.S.). They shared ideas, their new findings, and even their researchers. It appears (from the outside) to be very collaborative and productive. I love that they both are biochemists. There is so much to learn when one pairs the chemistry and behavior of molecules in isolation and then applies that knowledge into increasingly complex biological models

OO: My initial reaction to finding out that a duo of women won the Nobel prize was excitement. There are so few women in the biochemical engineering field that its so cool to have successful women in the field to look up to.

KM: My initial reaction when finding out that these two women won the Nobel prize in chemistry really motivated me. It reminded me that I am capable and smart enough to pursue a degree in science.

TP: What is your experience in either learning or interacting with CRISPR/genome-editing software?

HW: In collaboration with Dr. Dorrell (biology) and Dr. Jansma (chemistry) we have been working on mutating a gene thought to play a role in cervical cancer. Dr. Jansma has analyzed the E7 oncoprotein from the human papillomavirus. She has been able to determine altered chemical characteristics of E7 based upon some minor changes in the gene (and thus the protein). Using site directed mutagenesis, we are generating these same variants from Dr. Jansmas studies and introducing them into a biologically relevant system to determine if the chemistry can explain the biology. This project thus far has not utilized CRISPR technology. However, we certainly could utilize this technology in the future; especially if we wanted to move into an animal model system.

TP: Are there any female chemists or scientists who are role models for you?

OO: Growing up, I always loved Marie Curie because she was a brilliant chemist even when there were no other women in her field. With these recent advancements in CRISPR, its going to be exciting that young girls are going to have more female role models to look up to.

KM: Honestly, the two women [Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier] are my role models. The scientific advancement of genome editing that these two women discovered I believe is going to impact the science world by ultimately changing the way doctors treat patients. Overall, these two women have reminded me to keep on working hard and staying focused on my path to pursuing my degree because anything is possible.

Jennifer A. Dounda said in an article from Omniscience, One of the problems in the biotech world is the lack of women in leadership roles, and Id like to see that change by walking the walk.

You can learn more about these women and this years Nobel Prize award ceremony through the official Nobel Prize YouTube channel.

Written By: Elaine Alfaro

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Women in Science: Thoughts on the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry - Loma Beat

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith