In 2004, after President George W. Bush cut off all federal funding for embryonic stem-cell research on religious grounds, Californians strongly backed Proposition 71, a $3-billion bond measure to fund this kind of research, even though such funding is usually not the purview of states.

Supporters of the proposition including this editorial board believed it would allow California to stand out as a leader in this field, advance a budding avenue of research that might save lives and alleviate suffering, bolster its biotech sector and fund possible blockbuster treatments that might earn the state royalties as well. Embryonic stem cells are particularly valuable to research because they are undifferentiated, meaning they do not have a particular function, and researchers could conceivably turn them into specialized cells in order to regenerate human cells and tissue.

In the years since, Proposition 71 gave rise to a burst of scientific discovery. Two cancer treatments it helped fund, for blood and bone-marrow cancers, have been approved by the FDA, though neither of those employed embryonic stem cells and could have been funded even under Bush administration rules. It has also supported promising advances in the treatment of diabetes, bubble boy immune deficiency and vision-robbing retinitis pigmentosa, but other efforts have fallen short in clinical trials.

Moreover, the money helped build laboratories and other infrastructure that give California a head start on research and development, making the state the it place for stem-cell research. Researchers in the state moved to the head of the pack for private grants, because projects are less likely to need the time and money to create facilities before work can begin.

Now that Proposition 71 funding has practically run out, the issue is back on the November ballot with Proposition 14, which seeks nearly double the amount worth of bonds $5.5 billion to continue the juggernaut.

This time, voters should reject the measure, with the caveat that the issue could be reconsidered in a couple of years, if its proponents bring it back in better-designed and more modest form and if there are more successes in human trials and financial payback.

We have long had reservations about how the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, established as a result of Proposition 71, was set up. Though funded publicly, it is not overseen by the governor and Legislature like other state agencies, and its governing board is too large, at 29 members. Those members generally have ties to the advocacy organizations and research institutions that have received most of the money.

The driving force behind the initiative has been Robert N. Klein II, a Bay Area lawyer and real estate investor. There is no doubting Kleins sincerity in his cause. He knows too well the suffering inflicted by intractable diseases; his son Jordan died of complications of Type I diabetes in 2016. His accomplishment in persuading the state to invest billions in a specific avenue of biomedical research has been exceptional.

However, Klein developed these initiatives largely behind closed doors with little to no public input; he has strong ideas about how things should be run on the stem-cell front and has steadfastly resisted more government oversight. Thats fine when hes investing his own money; its a fatal flaw when he is asking voters for nearly $8 billion, the estimated cost of paying off the bonds over time, according to the Legislative Analysts Office.

Kleins role and the bloated structure of CIRMs super-sized governing board have given rise to some serious ethical mishaps, including a board member who improperly intervened to try to get funding for his organization. (He is no longer on the board.) After this and several other examples of impropriety, rules were tightened. Board members must recuse themselves from votes when there is a conflict of interest, but with 29 members who all want certain projects to receive funding, there is too much potential for mutual back-scratching. Instead of repairing this problem, the new proposition would expand CIRMs board to 35 members and retain its troubling independence from oversight by the governor and Legislature, leaving it open to further conflicts of interest.

Proposition 71 hasnt yet yielded a significant financial return on investment for the state or the cures that were ballyhooed at the time. Though no one ever promised quick medical miracles, campaign ads strongly implied they were around the corner if only the funding came through. Proponents oversold the initiatives and voters cant be blamed if they view this new proposal with skepticism.

In the years since Proposition 71 passed, more resources have become available. President Obama reversed Bushs order and restored federal funding, which meant that between CIRM and the National Institutes of Health, along with private grant and investment funding, stem-cell research has been healthy, if not downright flush. That funding has stayed and even grown under President Trump, to more than $2 billion a year, with about $321 million of that in human embryonic stem-cell research. (There have, though, been recent threats to embryonic research from a group of conservative senators.)

The idea was never for California to become the long-term replacement for federal funding. It was to kick-start an industry that would then operate on its own. If that has failed to happen under Proposition 71 as promised, it shouldnt be the responsibility of California taxpayers to fix it. Thats especially true right now, at a time of yawning needs to address the cost of twin health and economic crises and the worsening effects of climate change. Private money for stem cell-work will continue to be available; its not as though research will collapse.

No doubt, the pace of responsible science is incremental and the outcomes uncertain even with the best research efforts. Yet the backers still couch the possibilities in grandiose terms. In a recent interview with the Times editorial board, Klein talked about the money that would be saved by wiping out Alzheimers disease which has so far has frustrated attempts to treat it effectively, despite many billions of dollars in research.

Embryonic stem cell research remains important, and there might be ways in which the state can contribute less grandiose funding while maximizing its investment. For example, scientific research has a well-known valley of death, where many projects cant get funding to make the transition from laboratory to human clinical trials.

Offering some matching help to get projects through that phase might attract businesses and scientists to California, while spending far less than the billions proposed in Proposition 14. Its worth noting that stem-cell work isnt the only kind of research that faces the valley of death problem; its an issue for most basic research that seeks to make the leap to human trials and that might be equally in need of state help.

Now is not the time for a huge new investment in specialized medical research. First, it makes sense to wait until after the election; if Democrats do well, there should be growing support for embryonic stem-cell research at the federal level, which is where such funding should take place. The future of Californias pandemic-battered economy and budget remains to be seen. Waiting also would give voters a chance to find out how well the states stem-cell research projects continue without state dollars, and whether some of the promising advances lead to breakthrough therapies and a return on Californias investment.

There would be an opportunity to rethink and rewrite any future proposals, which should include a far more modest ask of taxpayers as well as fixes to the structure and inflated size of the CIRM board. The institute should also be placed under the same state oversight as other agencies reporting to the governor.

If CIRM needs money for a basic operating budget over the next couple of years, that could be covered by the states general fund. The agency still needs to administer already-funded projects and could use that time to discuss a more affordable path forward. Right now, the state has other, more urgent spending priorities.

Editors note: This newspapers owner, the physician and scientist Dr. Patrick Soon-Shiong, played no role in the editorial boards deliberations on this measure.

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No on Prop 14: Not the best way to support stem-cell research - Los Angeles Times

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

The global Global Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) Market report by UpMarketResearch provides a detailed analysis of the area marketplace expanding; competitive landscape; global, regional, and country-level market size; market growth analysis; market share; opportunities analysis; product launches; recent developments; sales analysis; segmentation growth; technological innovations; and value chain optimization. The report offers a comprehensive list of key players, their strategies they adopt to sustain in the market. All of this and more information is covered in XXX pages.

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Global Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) Market Size & Share, By Product Types,

AllogeneicAutologous

Global Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) Market Size & Share, By Applications,

Peripheral Blood Stem Cells Transplant (PBSCT)Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT)Cord Blood Transplant (CBT)

Global Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) Market Size & Share, By Regions and Countries/Sub-regions,

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The historical and forecast information provided in the report span between 2018 and 2026. The report provides detailed volume analysis and region-wise market size analysis of the market.

The key players covered in this study

Regen Biopharma IncChina Cord Blood CorpCBR Systems IncEscape Therapeutics IncCryo-Save AGLonza Group LtdPluristem Therapeutics IncViaCord I

Competitive Landscape of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) Market

The chapter on competitive landscape provides information about key company overview, global presence, sales and revenue generated, market share, prices, and strategies used.

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Global Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) Market How the Market has witnessed Substantial Growth in recent years? - The Daily Chronicle

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Asymmetrex discusses new advances for supply of traditional drug development and advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP) clinical trials

BOSTON (PRWEB) October 01, 2020

Adapting to the present COVID crisis, this year the 2020 Outsourcing in Clinical Trials USA Conference, one of several international clinical trials supply trade conferences organized by Arena International Events Group each year, adopted a virtual meeting format. The conference, scheduled for September 30-October 1, continued its tradition of bringing together contract research organization suppliers and company sponsors in the clinical trials supply industry to discuss new developments and best practices.

Among the many industry members invited to speak in the event, James L. Sherley, M.D., Ph.D., founder and director of Massachusetts stem cell biotechnology company Asymmetrex, presented on September 30. Dr. Sherleys presentation highlighted a growing new area of the clinical trials supply industry. More and more, the clinical trials supply industry is considering better technology and practices to support stem cell clinical trials and gene therapy clinical trials that utilize advanced therapy medicinal products. In particular, Dr. Sherley discussed the value of implementing new quantification technologies for ATMPs developed with tissue stem cells. He answered the rhetorical question that was the title of his talk How can we outsource stem cell clinical trials without counting tissue stem cells? by detailing places in ATMP supply chains where instituting counting technologies would provide significant benefits to the stem-gene clinical trials supply industry and the patients it serves.

Sherley also presented innovation proposals for traditional pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical clinical trials supply. He described how tissue stem cell counting technologies represented advantages both for discovery of novel drugs and for toxicology evaluations of new drug candidates. A major value presented was the opportunity for drug companies to realize hundreds of millions of dollars in reduced costs each year by using tissue stem cell counting tests for earlier identification of drugs that would fail late in clinical trials because of inducing chronic failure of organs and tissues like the liver and bone marrow. Currently applied animal toxicology studies miss many drugs with this disastrous character. Sherley described how such drugs could be detected in inexpensive cell culture tests by counting how stem cell-specific number and viability changed in their presence.

Though not a main focus of the presentation, Sherley ended his presentation with acknowledgement of Asymmetrexs recent introduction of the first-in-kind technology for counting therapeutic tissue stem cells and determining their dosage. The company holds issued patents for the technology and its use for drug evaluations in both the U.S. and U.K. In August of this year, it published a peer-reviewed report, co-authored with its partner AlphaSTAR Corporation, that describes the new method and its applications for stem cell therapy and drug evaluations. In September, the company was awarded a research and development grant from the National Institutes of Health-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute for continued development of the technology and its commercialization. These plans for the companys AlphaSTEM Test tissue stem cell counting technology were recently reported.

About Asymmetrex

Asymmetrex, LLC is a Massachusetts life sciences company with a focus on developing technologies to advance stem cell medicine. The companys U.S. and U.K. patent portfolio contains biotechnologies that solve the two main technical problems production and quantification that have stood in the way of effective use of human adult tissue stem cells for regenerative medicine and drug development. Asymmetrex markets the first technology for determination of the dose and quality of tissue stem cell preparations (the AlphaSTEM Test) for use in stem cell transplantation therapies and pre-clinical drug evaluations. Asymmetrex is a member company of the Advanced Regenerative Manufacturing Institute BioFabUSA and the Massachusetts Biotechnology Council.

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Asymmetrex Presents the Value of Tissue Stem Cell Counting For Supplying Stem Cell Clinical Trials and Drug Development Clinical Trials - PR Web

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

The global stem cell banking market was valued at $1,986 million in 2016, and is estimated to reach $6,956 million by 2023, registering a CAGR of 19.5% from 2017 to 2023. Stem cell banking is a process where the stem cell care isolated from different sources such as umbilical cord and bone marrow that is stored and preserved for future use. These cells can be cryo-frozen and stored for decades. Private and public banks are different types of banks available to store stem cells.

Top Companies Covered in this Report: Cord Blood Registry,ViaCord,Cryo-Cell, China Cord Blood Corporation, Cryo-Save, New York Cord Blood Program, CordVida, Americord, CryoHoldco, Vita34

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Increase in R&D activities in regards with applications of stem cells and increase in prevalence of fatal chronic diseases majorly drive the growth of the global stem cell banking market. Moreover, the large number of births occurring globally and growth in GDP & disposable income help increase the number of stem cell units stored, which would help fuel the market growth. However, legal and ethical issues related to stem cell collections and high processing & storage cost are projected to hamper the market growth. The initiative taken by organizations and companies to spread awareness in regards with the benefits of stem cells and untapped market in the developing regions help to open new avenues for the growth of stem cell banking market in the near future.

The global stem cell banking market is segmented based on cell type, bank type, service type, utilization, and region. Based on cell type, the market is classified into umbilical cord stem cells, adult stem cells, and embryonic stem cells. Depending on bank type, it is bifurcated into public and private. By service type, it is categorized into collection & transportation, processing, analysis, and storage. By utilization, it is classified into used and unused. Based on region, it is analyzed across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and LAMEA.

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Table Of Content

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

CHAPTER 3: MARKET OVERVIEW

CHAPTER 4: STEM CELL BANKING MARKET, BY CELL TYPE

CHAPTER 5: STEM CELL BANKING MARKET, BY BANK TYPE

CHAPTER 6: STEM CELL BANKING MARKET, BY SERVICE TYPE

CHAPTER 7: STEM CELL BANKING MARKET, BY UTILIZATION

CHAPTER 8: STEM CELL BANKING MARKET, BY REGION

CHAPTER 9: COMPANY PROFILES

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Stem Cell Banking Market is forecast to reach $6,956 million by 2023 | ViaCord,Cryo-Cell, China Cord Blood Corporation, Cryo-Save - The Daily...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Bluebird bio could be just a few months away from approval of its gene therapy for rare disease cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CALD) in the EU, after the EMA started an accelerated review.

If approved, Lenti-D (elivaldogene autotemcel or eli-cel) could transform the prospects of people with CALD, the most severe form of the neurodegenerative disease ALD that usually emerges in boys during early childhood and causes physical and mental disabilities as well as behavioural problems.

Around 40% of patients develop the cerebral form of ALD, which in turn affects around one in 17,000 live births.

A few weeks ago, Bluebird reported new data from the phase 2/3 STARBEAM trial of Lenti-D which showed that 87% of CALD patients were still alive and free of major functional disabilities after at least two years follow-up.

The EU filing comes ahead of a filing for eli-cel in the US, which Bluebird says should take place sometime towards the middle of next year, having been delayed by the coronavirus pandemic.

If approved, eli-cel would provide a one-shot treatment for CALD, holding back the progressive breakdown in the protective myelin that sheathes neurons.

It would be the first alternative to a stem cell transplant to treat the disease, a therapy that can provide significant improvements and even halt progression in some patients if given early enough.

However it requires high-dose chemotherapy to destroy the bone marrow, and that poses significant risks to patients in its own right, and can also lead to graft-versus-host disease, a potentially life-threatening complication in which the bone marrow donors immune cells attack the recipients cells and tissues.

CALD is caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene located on the X chromosome, which provides instructions for the production of the ALD protein.

ALD protein is needed to clear toxic molecules called very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in the brain, and if mutated causes the VLCFAs to accumulate and damage the myelin sheath.

Using eli-cel, the patients own stem cells are modified in the lab to produce a working version of the ABCD1 gene, producing functional ALD protein that can help to flush VLCFAs from the body.

CALD is a devastating disease, often marked by rapid neurodegeneration, the development of major functional disabilities, and eventual death, said Gary Fortin, head of severe genetic disease programmes at Bluebird.

If approved, eli-cel would represent the first therapy for CALD that uses a patients own haematopoietic stem cells, potentially mitigating the risk of life-threatening immune complications associated with transplant using cells from a donor, he added.

Aside from STARBEAM, which will follow treated patients for up to 15 years, Bluebird is also conducting the phase 3 ALD-104 trial of eli-cel in CALD, which is due to generate results in 2024.

The EU filing for eli-cel comes shortly after Bluebirds development partner received a 27 March 2021 FDA review date for anti-BCMA CAR-T cell therapy ide-cel, a potential therapy for multiple myeloma.

The biotech already has approval in Europe for Zynteglo, a gene therapy for haematological disease beta thalassaemia, and is due to file its related therapy LentiGlobin for sickle cell disease next year. The two therapies have been tipped to generate $1.5 billion-plus in peak sales by some analysts.

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EMA starts rapid review of Bluebird's gene therapy for rare disease CALD - - pharmaphorum

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Heres a look at how Maines members of Congress voted over the previous week.

Along with its roll call votes this week, the House also passed these measures: the Cyber Sense Act (H.R. 360), to require the Secretary of Energy to establish a voluntary Cyber Sense program to test the cybersecurity of products and technologies intended for use in the bulk-power system; the Consumer Product Safety Inspection Enhancement Act (H.R. 8134), to support the Consumer Product Safety Commissions capability to protect consumers from unsafe consumer products; the School-Based Allergies and Asthma Management Program Act (H.R. 2468), to increase the preference given, in awarding certain allergies and asthma-related grants, to states that require certain public schools to have allergies and asthma management programs; and the Effective Suicide Screening and Assessment in the Emergency Department Act (H.R. 4861), to establish a program to improve the identification, assessment, and treatment of patients in the emergency department who are at risk of suicide.

House Vote 1:

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION: The House has passed a resolution (H. Res. 1155), sponsored by Rep. Eric Swalwell, D-Calif., reaffirming the Houses commitment to an orderly and peaceful transfer of presidential power after the November election. Swalwell said: The peaceful transition of power is not only a bedrock principle of Americas founding; it is a living ideal that we must exercise and pass down to our children. An opponent, Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., called the resolution a way for Democrats to attack the president and disguise the fact that they will refuse to accept the election results unless they win. The vote, on Sept. 29, was 397 yeas to 5 nays.

YEAS: Pingree D-ME (1st), Golden D-ME (2nd)

House Vote 2:

DISCLOSING TIES TO UYGHUR LABOR: The House has passed the Uyghur Forced Labor Disclosure Act (H.R. 6270), sponsored by Rep. Jennifer Wexton, D-Va., to require publicly traded companies to disclose whether they have business ties to Chinas Uyghur Autonomous Region in Xinjiang province. Wexton said the requirement would let investors know of a given companys passive complicity or active exploitation of one of the most pressing and ongoing human rights violations of our lifetime. A bill opponent, Rep. Anthony Gonzalez, R-Ohio, said it wrongly tried to have the Securities and Exchange Commission police human rights violations, a role that would be better handled by the Treasury Department. The vote, on Sept. 30, was 253 yeas to 163 nays.

YEAS: Pingree D-ME (1st), Golden D-ME (2nd)

House Vote 3:

DISEASE THERAPIES: The House has passed the Timely ReAuthorization of Necessary Stem-cell Programs Lends Access to Needed Therapies Act (H.R. 4764), sponsored by Rep. Doris O. Matsui, D-Calif. The bill would reauthorize a program for transplanting umbilical cord blood, stem cells and bone marrow to adults and children suffering from various diseases. The vote, on Sept. 30, was unanimous with 414 yeas.

YEAS: Pingree D-ME (1st), Golden D-ME (2nd)

House Vote 4:

FURTHER COVID-19 SPENDING: The House has approved an amendment to the Americas Conservation Enhancement Act (H.R. 925). The amendment would spend $2.2 trillion on new COVID-19 measures, including testing and treatment efforts and unemployment benefits. A supporter, Rep. James P. McGovern, D-Mass., said the spending was needed for families to pay for necessities like food, utilities, and rent during this pandemic. An opponent, Rep. Tom Cole, R-Okla., said the amendment had been hurriedly brought to the floor without minority input or adequate time for review, and that it would not pass the Senate. The vote, on Oct. 1, was 214 yeas to 207 nays.

YEAS: Pingree D-ME (1st)

NAYS: Golden D-ME (2nd)

Senate Vote 1:

CONTINUING APPROPRIATIONS: The Senate has passed the Continuing Appropriations Act and Other Extensions Act (H.R. 8337), sponsored by Rep. Nita M. Lowey, D-N.Y., to extend through December 11 funding for health programs, including Medicare, surface transportation, and many other government programs. The vote, on Sept. 30, was 84 yeas to 10 nays.

YEAS: Collins R-ME, King I-ME

Senate Vote 2:

OBAMACARE LITIGATION: The Senate has rejected a cloture motion to end debate on a motion to consider a bill (S. 4653), sponsored by Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., that would block the Justice Department from making arguments in court for cancelling any provision of the 2010 health care reform law (Obamacare). The vote to end debate, on Oct. 1, was 51 yeas to 43 nays, with a three-fifths majority needed for approval.

YEAS: Collins R-ME, King I-ME

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How Maine's members of Congress voted this week - Bangor Daily News

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

INTRODUCTION

Rotavirus (RV) remains a scourge to humanity, causing severe distress (morbidity) to many children and contributes to thousands of childhood deaths annually, particularly in developing countries wherein RV vaccines have only moderate efficacy (1). RV is a double-stranded RNA virus that primarily infects intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) that line the villus tips of the ileum, resulting in severe life-threatening diarrhea in young children and moderate gastrointestinal distress in adults (24). Such tropism and pathogenesis is faithfully recapitulated in RV-infected mice, making the mouse model of RV useful for studying basic aspects of RV immunity and disease pathophysiology. Furthermore, the RV mouse model may prove a useful platform for discovery of novel means to treat and prevent RV infection, especially in scenarios when adaptive immunity, which normally plays an essential role in clearing RV, is not functioning adequately. Toward this end, we previously reported that administration of bacterial flagellin rapidly cured, and/or protected against, RV infection. Such protection was independent of interferon and adaptive immunity and dependent on the generation of both Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5)mediated interleukin-22 (IL-22) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domainlike receptor C4 (NLRC4)mediated IL-18, which together resulted in prevention and/or cure of RV infection, and its associated diarrhea (5). However, the mechanisms by which these cytokines impede RV infection remained unknown. Herein, we report that IL-22 acts upon IEC to drive proliferation, migration, and ultimately extrusion of infected IEC into the intestinal lumen, whereas IL-18 drives rapid death of RV-infected IEC. The combined actions of IL-22 and IL-18 eliminate RV from the intestine independent of adaptive immunity.

We previously reported that systemic administration of bacterial flagellin elicits TLR5-mediated production of IL-22 and NLRC4-mediated generation of IL-18 that can act in concert to prevent or treat RV and some other enteric viral infections (5). Specifically, as shown in fig. S1 and our previous work, chronic RV infections that developed in RV-inoculated immune-deficient C57BL/6 Rag-1/ mice were cured by combined systemic treatment with IL-18 and IL-22, whereas injection of either cytokine alone reduced RV loads but did not clear the virus, regardless of cytokine dose and duration of administration. In these particular experiments, RV infection was assayed by measuring fecal RV antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), but measurement of RV genomes in the intestine yields similar results (5). In wild-type (WT) mice, a sufficiently high doses of recombinant IL-22 can, by itself, fully prevent RV infection, whereas lower doses of exogenously administered IL-22 and IL-18 markedly reduced the extent of RV infection, while the combination of these cytokines eliminated evidence of infection (Fig. 1A). The central goal of this study was to elucidate mechanisms by which these cytokines act in concert to control and prevent RV infection.

Mice were administered PBS, IL-22 (2 g), and/or IL-18 (1 g) via intraperitoneal injection, 2 hours before, or 2, 4, 6, or 8 days after (indicated by arrows) oral inoculation with mRV. Fecal RV levels were measured over time by ELISA. (A) C57BL/6 mice n = 4. (B) IL-22/ mice, n = 5 and 7 for PBS and IL-18, respectively. (C) IL-18/ mice, n = 5. * indicates significantly different from PBS by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), P < 0.0001. dpi, days post-inoculation.

In the context of parasitic infection, both IL-18 and IL-22 promote expression of each other, and loss of either impairs immunity to Toxoplasma gondii (6). We thus hypothesized that administration of IL-18 might impede RV as a result of its ability to induce IL-22 expression. This hypothesis predicted that the ability of IL-18 to protect against RV infection would be largely absent in IL-22/ mice. However, administration of IL-18 upon RV inoculation clearly reduced the extent of RV infection in IL-22/ mice, which argued strongly against this hypothesis (Fig. 1B). We considered the converse hypothesis, namely, that IL-22 might impede RV infection by elicitation of IL-18, but we observed that recombinant IL-22 markedly prevented RV infection in IL-18/ mice (Fig. 1C). Although IL-18 and IL-22 may play important roles in inducing each others expression, our results indicate that they each activate distinct signaling pathways that cooperate to impede RV infection.

Next, we examined the extent by which IL-18 and IL-22 acted upon the hematopoietic or nonhematopoietic compartment to impede RV infection. We used WT, IL-18-R/, and IL-22-R/ mice to generate irradiated bone marrow chimeric mice that expressed the receptors for IL-22 or IL-18 in only bone marrowderived or radioresistant cells. Such mice were inoculated with RV, treated with recombinant IL-22 or IL-18, and RV infection was monitored via measuring fecal RV antigens by ELISA. Figure 1 used a relatively low dose of cytokine that highlighted the cooperativity of IL-18 and IL-22, but successive experiments used fivefold higher doses to enable a robust effect that could be dissected via bone marrow chimeric mice. Mice that expressed the IL-22 receptor only in bone marrowderived cells were not protected from RV infection by treatment with IL-22 (Fig. 2A), whereas mice with IL-22 receptor only in radioresistant cells were almost completely protected by this cytokine (Fig. 2B). These results suggest that IL-22 protects mice from RV infection by acting on IEC, which are known to be populated from radioresistant stem cells and responsive to IL-22 (7). In accord with this notion, we observed that multiple IEC cell lines are responsive to IL-22 in vitro via STAT3 phosphorylation, although IL-22, like flagellin and IL-18, did not affect RV infection in vitro (fig. S2). Studies with IL-18-R chimeric mice similarly revealed that expression of this receptor in only bone marrowderived cells conferred only a modest nonsignificant reduction (12 3.8%) in the extent of RV infection upon IL-18 administration (Fig. 2C). In contrast, in mice that expressed IL-18-R in only radioresistant cells, IL-18 reduced extent of RV infection by 76 8.7% (Fig. 2D). Together, these results suggest that agonizing IL-18 and IL-22 receptors on IEC result in generation of signals that impede RV in vivo but not in vitro.

Indicated bone marrowirradiated chimeric mice were administered PBS (control), IL-22 (10 g), or IL-18 (2 g) via intraperitoneal injection, 2 hours before or 2, 4, 6, or 8 days after oral inoculation with mRV. Fecal RV levels were measured over time by ELISA. Differences between control and cytokine groups for each chimera/panel were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. (A) n = 7, P = 0.7715. (B) n = 4 and 7 for PBS and IL-22, respectively. (C) n = 7 and 6 for PBS and IL-18, respectively. (D) n = 4 and 6 for PBS and IL-18, respectively. * indicates significantly different from PBS by two-way ANOVA, P < 0.0001.

In cell culture and organoid models, IL-22 promotes IEC proliferation, migration, and stem cell regeneration (810), which together are thought to contribute to ability of IL-22 to promote healing in response to an array of insults, including exposure to radiation and dextran sodium sulfate in vivo (1114). In contrast to such severe injuries, RV infection is generally characterized by a lack of overt intestinal inflammation (15, 16). We hypothesized that IL-22 may promote IEC proliferation and/or migration that might reduce the extent of RV infection by increasing the rate of IEC turnover, especially near villus tips, which is the predominant site of RV infection (24). We further reasoned that IL-18 might trigger the same kind of response and further increase IEC proliferation and turnover. Mice were administered 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and treated with IL-22 and/or IL-18. Sixteen hours later, mice were euthanized, and intestines were subjected to fluorescence microscopy to measure rates at which IEC migrated toward villus tips (17). In accord with our hypothesis, administration of IL-22 approximately doubled the rate at which IEC migrated toward villus tips (Fig. 3, A and B). IL-18 administration also increased the rate of IEC migration to a lesser extent. The combination of these cytokines did not result in a faster rate of IEC migration relative to IL-22 alone. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is known to promote IEC proliferation and migration (18, 19), so we tested whether this cytokine might protect against RV infection. In accord with EGF promoting proliferation in a variety of tissues, EGF treatment induced IEC migration up the crypt villus axis (Fig. 3, C and D), albeit not quite as robustly as IL-22 (1.43- versus 1.95-fold increase respectively). Moreover, EGF had the ability to reduce the extent of RV infection (Fig. 3E), but not as completely as IL-22. Together, these results support the hypothesis that IL-22 and IL-18 promote IEC replication and migration, which contributes to protection against RV infection.

Mice were intraperitoneally injected with PBS, IL-22, (10 g) IL-18 (2 g), both cytokines, or mEGF. One hour later, mice were administered BrdU. Mice were euthanized 16 hours after BrdU administration, and BrDU was visualized (A and C) and migration was measured (B and D) by microscopy and image analysis, respectively. Images shown in (A) and (C) are representative. Scale bar equals 50 m. For (B) and (D), sections were scored at least from 50 villus per group of mice (n = 5). Distance of the foremost migrating cells along the crypt-villus axis was measured with ImageJ software. Results are presented as means SEM. Statistical significance was evaluated by Students t test (****P < 0.0001). (E) Mice were intraperitoneally injected with PBS or EGF (10 g) mEGF 2 hours before or 2, 4, 6, or 8 days after oral inoculation with mRV. Fecal RV levels were measured over time by ELISA. Data are means SEM, n = 5 * indicates significantly different from PBS by two-way ANOVA, P < 0.0001.

We next considered how promoting IEC proliferation might impede RV infection. Increased extrusion of IEC into the lumen is a likely consequence of increased IEC proliferation/migration, which is thought to occur such that cells remain alive until extrusion is completed to preserve the gut barrier (20). We hypothesized that increased proliferation/migration induced by IL-22 and/or IL-18 treatments might result in increased extrusion of villus tip cells, which are the site of RV infection. We investigated this hypothesis using a previously described method (21) in which cross sections of hematoxylin and eosinstained pieces of ileum are examined for visual evidence of cell shedding. We were unable to consistently distinguish IEC from other luminal contents, so we visualized cells using the DNA stain. This approach suggested a greater presence of IEC in the lumen of mice treated with cytokines, particularly IL-22 (Fig. 4A), but it was difficult to quantitate such a difference via cell counting, so we sought to evaluate levels of host cells via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of 18S DNA in the ileum. The highly degradative environment of the intestine would likely degrade IEC shed into the lumen, but because such cells are extruded in a relatively intact state, their DNA might survive long enough to enable quantitation by qPCR. Small intestinal contents were extracted, and 18S DNA quantitated and expressed as number of cells per 100 mg of luminal content using known numbers of mouse epithelial cells to generate a standard curve. This approach indicated that IL-22 treatment markedly increased the level of IEC present in the lumen (Fig. 4B), suggesting increased IEC shedding. IL-18 induced only a modest level of IEC shedding that appeared to be additive to the shedding induced by IL-22. A generally similar pattern was observed in the cecum (Fig. 4C). In contrast, these cytokines did not affect levels of 18S DNA present in the lumen of the colon (Fig. 4D), perhaps reflecting that the impact of these cytokines on IEC shedding is specific to the ileum/cecum and/or that the DNA of shed IEC is quickly degraded in the bacterial-dense colon. An even greater amount of shedding of IEC into the ileum was induced by treating mice with flagellin, although two treatments of IL-18/22 could match this level, which suggested that production of these cytokines might be sufficient to recapitulate the IEC shedding induced by flagellin (Fig. 4E). The greater potency of flagellin may reflect ability of IL-18 and IL-22 to promote each others expression. Use of IL-22/ and IL-18/ mice revealed that these cytokines, both of which are necessary for flagellins anti-RV action (5), were both necessary for flagellin-induced cell shedding (Fig. 4F). Collectively, these results support the notion that increased extrusion of IEC, particularly in response to IL-22, might be central to this cytokines ability to impede RV infection, but these data did not offer insight into how IL-22 and IL-18 cooperate to offer stronger protection against this virus.

Mice [WT or indicated knockout (KO) strain] received a single (except where indicated otherwise) intraperitoneal injection of PBS, IL-22, (10 g), IL-18 (2 g), both cytokines or bacterial flagellin, FliC (15 g). Eight hours later, mice were euthanized, intestine was isolated, and luminal content was collected. (A) Microscopic appearance of DAPI-stained section to visualize shed cells in lumen. Scale bar equals 50 m. (B to F) Measurements of shed cells in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract via 18s by q-PCR (B, E, and F) small intestine, (C) cecum, (D) colon [double doses of IL-22 and IL-18 in (E) were 12 hours apart]. Data in (B) to (F) are means SEM (B), with significance assessed by Students t test, n = 5 to 15 mice as indicated by number of data points. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001. n.s., not significant; SI, small intestine.

Next, we examined how IL-22 and IL-18 might affect IEC in the presence of an active RV infection. We used WT mice 3 days after inoculation with RV, a time approaching peak levels of RV shedding (Fig. 1A). RV-infected and uninfected mice were administered IL-22 and/or IL-18 and euthanized 6 hours later, and small intestinal content was isolated. Like IL-18/22 administration, RV infection up-regulated IEC extrusion, with a marked further increase in IEC extrusion being observed by administration of IL-18/22 to RV-infected mice (Fig. 5A). This suggests that increased IEC extrusion may normally contribute to innate defense against RV (2) and that exogenously administered IL-18/22 (or flagellin) may enhance this protective mechanism. Yet, like the case in uninfected mice, the promotion of IEC extrusion appeared to be driven by IL-22 and not IL-18 (Fig. 5B).

Mice were orally inoculated with mRV, or not(sham?) and were intraperitoneally injected at 3 dpi with PBS, IL-22, (10 g) IL-18 (2 g), or both cytokines. Mice were euthanized 6 hours later and following assays were carried out. (A and B) Assay of cell extrusion (i.e., measure of cells in lumen) as performed in response to cytokines in Fig. 4. (C and D) Assay cleaved caspase-3 in IEC was assayed by SDS-PAGE immunoblotting. (E and F) Visualization of cell death by TUNEL staining, counterstained with DAPI. (G) Quantitation of TUNEL-positive cells at villus tip region based on visual counts. Data in (A), (B), and (G) are means SEM. Panels (A) and (B) used five mice per condition to generate one value per mouse. Panel (G) used five mice per condition and assayed 6 to 10 villi per mouse, which are indicated by data points. Significance was determined by Students t test. *P < 0.05 and ****P < 0.0001.

Next, we sought to investigate events in IEC that remained part of the small intestine at the time of increased IEC extrusion. Specifically, we examined whether IL-18 and/or IL-22 might affect cell death. We observed that IL-18/22 or RV induced modest and variable induction of cleaved caspase-3. In contrast, administration of these cytokines to RV-infected mice induced marked elevations in cleaved caspase-3 (Fig. 5C). Caspase-3 cleavage was also observed in response to IL-18 but not IL-22 (Fig. 5D). Quantitation of cell death by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) yielded a similar pattern of results. Specifically, both IL-18/22 and RV by themselves resulted in a modest increase in TUNEL-positive cells, which appeared sporadically throughout the villi (Fig. 5E and fig. S3, A and B). In contrast, treating RV-infected mice with IL-18 or the combination of IL-18 and IL-22, but not IL-22 itself, resulted in notable TUNEL positivity at the villus tips (Fig. 5, E to G), known sites of RV infection. Cytokine-induced TUNEL positivity, which did not occur in the absence of RV, appeared to localize in the villus tip, where RV was localized before cytokine treatment, thus suggesting that IL-18 was promoting cell death in RV-infected cells (fig. S3C).

Cell death can occur via numerous pathways, so we hypothesized that IL-18induced cell death might occur via pyroptosis, which appears to be a frequent form of cell death for infected cells (22). In accord with this possibility, IL-18 administration to RV-infected mice results in cleaved gasdermin D (Fig. 6A), whose activity is essential for pyroptosis. To test the role of gasdermin D activation in IL-18induced cell death, we performed experiments in mice lacking gasdermin D and gasdermin E, the latter of which is thought to compensate for lack of gasdermin D in some scenarios. Our initial experiments found that gasdermin-deficient mice were highly resistant to RV infection (fig. S4). However, such resistance was associated with high levels of segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), which we have recently shown drives spontaneous resistance to RV in Rag1/ mice (23). Cross-fostering on gasdermin-deficient mice removed SFB and restored susceptibility to RV infection, thus extending our recent findings to mice with functional adaptive immunity. This model could also address if the IL-18induced cell death that associates with clearance of RV is mediated by pyroptosis. IL-18 administration did not induce cleaved gasdermin D in mice lacking this gene (Fig. 6A), thus verifying the specificity of the antibody we used. IL-18induced cell death of RV-infected mice proceeded at least as robustly as had been observed in WT mice (Fig. 6B). Specifically, although gasdermin-deficient mice had mild elevations in basal caspase-3, they still up-regulated this caspase in response to IL-18, albeit at markedly lower levels compared with WT mice. IL-18 induced marked TUNEL positivity in these mice (Fig. 6, C and D) and fully protected gasdermin-deficient mice against RV infection (Fig. 6E). These results argue that IL-18induced cell death and associated clearance of RV are not mediated by pyroptosis.

(A to D) Gasdermin-deficient, or WT, mice were administered PBS or IL-18 (2 g) 3 days after mRV inoculation. Mice were euthanized 6 hours later and jejunums were analyzed. (A and B) IEC were analyzed by SDS-PAGE immunoblotting for detection of gasdermin D, cleaved gasdermin D, and cleaved caspase-3, respectively. (C) Cell death by TUNEL, counterstained with DAPI. (D) Quantitation of TUNEL-positive cells at villus tip region based on visual counts. Experiments included five mice per condition. Data in (D) was based on assay 6 to 8 villi per mouse, which are indicated by data points ****P < 0.0001 by Students t test. (E) Gasdermin-deficient mice were administered PBS or IL-18 (2 g) via intraperitoneal injection, 2 hours before, or 2, 4, 6 or 8 days after (indicated by arrows), oral inoculation with mRV. Fecal RV levels were measured over time by ELISA. Data are means SEM. n = 5. * indicates significantly different from control by two-way ANOVA, P < 0.0001.

We examined the extent by which IL-22induced IEC extrusion and IL-18induced IEC death were associated with RV reduction in the ileum at 6 and 24 hours after administration of these cytokines. We measured the levels of RV genomes and the ratio of positive to negative (+/) RV strands in both the lumen and IEC, which reflects levels of active replication because most positive strands encode RV proteins and do not get incorporated into virions (24). In accord with our previous work, we observed that, in the epithelium, both IL-22 and IL-18 led to a clear reduction in both the level of RV genomes and RV replication by 6 hours (Fig. 7, A and B). In contrast, the small intestinal lumen had a marked but variable increase in the level of RV genomes and a stark increase in RV +/ strand ratios 6 hours after administration of IL-18 with the combination of IL-18 and IL-22 but not IL-22 alone (Fig. 7, C and D). By 24 hours, levels of RV in the lumen had dropped markedly, whereas the miniscule levels of remaining virus appeared to not be actively replicating (Fig. 7, E and F). Collectively, these results support a model wherein IL-18induced cell death interrupts active RV replication, spewing incompletely replicated virus into the lumen while IL-22 induces IEC migration and subsequent extrusion of the mature IEC that RV targets, thus together working in concert to resolve RV infection.

mRV-infected mice were intraperitoneally injected with PBS, IL-22 (10 g), IL-18 (2 g), or both cytokines on day 3 post-mRV inoculation. Six or 24 hours later, mice were euthanized, and contents of jejunums were isolated. RNA was extracted and used to measure of mRV genomes and replication status as reflected by NSP3 RNA levels and the ratio of NSP3 (+) RNA strand to complimentary NSP3 () RNA strand. (A and B) The overall mRV genome and efficacy of virus replication in small intestinal epithelial cells. (C to F) The overall mRV genome and efficacy of virus replication in luminal content from small intestine (one-way ANOVA, n = 5 to 10, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001).

The central focus of this study was to determine the mechanisms by which IL-18 and IL-22, which are elicited by bacterial flagellin, contribute to preventing or curing RV infection. We initially considered that the ability of IL-18 and IL-22 to promote each others expression allowed them to use a shared mechanism to promote RV clearance. We found that irrespective of such mutual promotion, IL-18 and IL-22 both impeded RV independent of each other and did so by distinct mechanisms, which is illustrated in Fig. 8. Specifically, IL-22 drove IEC proliferation and migration toward villus tips, thus accelerating the ongoing process of extrusion of highly differentiated IEC at the major site of RV replication. In contrast, administration of IL-18 to RV-infected mice induced rapid cell death, as defined by TUNEL, at villus tips where RV is localized. Such induction of TUNEL positivity, which is not typically seen at significant levels in the intestine, was associated with rapid abortion of the RV replication cycle followed by a marked reduction of RV antigens in the intestinal tract. These actions of IL-22 and IL-18 together resulted in rapid and complete expulsion of RV, thus providing a mechanism that explains how this combination of cytokines prevents and cures RV infection.

IL-22 increases epithelial proliferation thus increasing extrusion of epithelial cells, including RV-infected cells. Into lumen the intestinal lumen, i.e., anoikis. IL-18 induces rapid cell death, associated with loss of cell rupturing of RV-infected cells.

RV does not induce detectable increases in IL-22 expression nor does genetic deletion of IL-22 appear to markedly augment RV infection (5), thus arguing that IL-22 does not normally play a major role in clearance of this pathogen. The known cooperation of IL-22 and interferon- in activating antiviral gene expression (3) suggests the possibility that RV may have evolved strategies to deliberately avoid or block IL-22 induction. Nonetheless, the downstream action of IL-22, particularly its promotion of IEC turnover, may be shared by endogenous anti-RV host defense mechanisms. The role of adaptive immune-independent host defense against RV is most easily appreciated in immune compromised mice wherein RV loads decline markedly from their peak levels, but it may also play a role in protecting against RV even in immune competent mice. Innate host defense against RV is likely multifactorial and may involve type III interferon (3), particularly in neonate mice. Our observations in adult mice indicate that RV infection increases IEC extrusion, and this mechanism combined with previous observations that RV infection activates intestinal stem cell proliferation suggests that increased IEC turnover may limit RV infection (2). We do not think that such a mechanism is necessarily unique to IL-22 as EGF has ability to drive similar events. Moreover, we recently showed that SFB also drives enterocyte proliferation independent of IL-22 and is not required for adaptive immunity (23). Hence, we presume that IL-22 can activate a primitive mechanism of host defense against a variety of challenges, especially those affecting IEC.

IEC are rapidly proliferating cells with average lifetimes of about 3 days (24), which means that the intestine must eliminate vast numbers of cells continuously. The overwhelming majority of IEC are eliminated via cell extrusion at villus tips through a process termed anoikis. A central tenet of anoikis is that cells remain alive at the time of extrusion followed by the lack of attachment to other cells resulting in induction of a programmed death process (25). A key aspect of this process is that cells can be eliminated without comprising gut barrier function, thus avoiding infection and inflammation that might otherwise occur. Accordingly, administration of IL-22 is associated with few adverse effects and has been shown to resolve inflammation in several different scenarios. (26). Moreover, IL-22 plays a broad role of maintaining gut health in the intestinal tract, including mediating microbiota-dependent impacts of dietary fiber (27). It is possible that increasing anoikis via IL-22 results in extrusion of RV-containing cells in a manner that prevents viral escape and, consequent infection of other IEC. However, inability of IL-22 to induce detectable increases in luminal RV argues against this possibility. Rather, we envisage that the cell death process after IEC extrusion might result in destruction of RV in these cells. We also hypothesize that the accelerated IEC turnover induced by IL-22 may result in villus IEC being less differentiated and less susceptible to RV infection. In accord with this possibility, we observed that that flagellin administration resulted in an IL-22dependent increase in CD44+26 IEC (fig. S5), which are known to be RV resistant (28). It is difficult to discern the relative importance of IL-22 in the induction of IEC extrusion versus its impact on differentiation state of villus IEC. IL-22induced reduction in RV levels in chronically infected Rag-1/ mice occurs over a course of several days that supports a role for the latter mechanism. Use of IL-22 receptor bone marrow chimera mice demonstrated that IL-22 acts directly on IEC to affect RV infection. (7). IL-22induced signaling is generally thought to be mediated by STAT3 (5, 10), and IL-22 induced phosphorylation of STAT3 in IEC in vivo. However, we observed that IEC-specific STAT3-knockout mice could still be protected against RV by IL-22, suggesting that this mechanism of action may not proceed by a characterized signaling mechanism (fig. S6). Thus, how the IL-22 receptor signals to affect IEC phenotype remains incompletely understood.

In contrast to IL-22, recent work indicates that induction of IL-18 plays a role in endogenous immunity against RV, wherein caspase-1mediated IL-18 production results from activation of the NLR9pb inflammasome. Such IL-18 induction paralleled gasdermin-dependent cell death, the absence of which resulted in delayed clearance of RV (29, 30). On the basis of this work, we hypothesized that exogenously administered IL-18 might enhance RV-induced death of RV-infected cells and/or increase IEC turnover analogous to IL-22. Administration of IL-18 in the absence of RV elicited a modest increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells as well as a modest increase in IEC proliferation/migration that was not accompanied by increased IEC extrusion, suggesting the increased proliferation compensated for cell death. However, TUNEL-positive cells were scattered along the villus. In RV-infected mice, IL-18 led to TUNEL-positive cells at the villus tips, which is also the primary site of RV infection. It is tempting to envisage localized impacts of IL-18 reflect the pattern of expression of the IL-18 receptor, including localization to villus tips and/or induced by RV, but limited knowledge of the determinants of its expression and lack of available reagents to study it render these ideas as speculative.

The manner of IL-18induced cell death, namely, its notable TUNEL induction, which was associated with spewing of RV replication intermediates, suggested pyroptotic cell death. However, we found that lack of gasdermin D and E, which are thought to be essential for pyroptosis, did not impede IL-18induced cell death in RV-infected cells thus arguing such cell death does not fit perfectly into any known cell death pathways. Induction of IL-18 receptor-mediated signaling by itself is not sufficient to induce cell death in villus tip epithelial cells but triggers death in cells primed as a result of RV infection. The nature of such priming is not understood but may involve IEC signaling pathways, including NLR9pb, TLR3, and RNA-activated protein kinase, which are capable of recognizing RV components and/or responding to intracellular stress in general (3032). In this context, the ability of IL-22 to enhance IL-18induced TUNEL positivity in RV-infected cells may reflect an intersection of IL-22-R and IL-18-R signaling or be a manifestation of these cytokines to promote each others expression.

The central limitation in our study was that our approaches were largely correlative. Specifically, we lacked modalities to specifically block IEC migration or cell death in response to IL-22 and IL-18, respectively. Another limitation is that we were not able to demonstrate that the TUNEL-positive cells actually contained RV. Our attempts to do so via double-staining were not successful, possibly reflecting that the disappearance of RV after cytokine treatment likely occurs early in the cell death process while the DNA fragmentation that underlies TUNEL positivity is considered a late event in the cell death process. Thus, more specific identification of processes that mediate cell death of RV-infected IEC in response to IL-18 is an important target of future studies.

The improved understanding of the mechanism by which IL-18/22 controls RV infection reported herein should inform use of these cytokines to treat viral infection in humans. Chronic RV infections can occur in immune compromised humans, suggesting that IL-18/22 may be explored as a possible treatment for this and other chronic viral infections. Our results suggest that this cytokine treatment may be effective for viruses that preferentially infect villus epithelial cells and possibly other epithelia that have high cell turnover rates. In contrast, this combination of cytokines seems unlikely to affect viruses that inhabit more long-lived cells, including hematopoietic cells that are generally not responsive to IL-22. We observed that flagellin and IL-18/22 has some efficacy against reovirus, particularly early in infection when it infects gut epithelial cells, as well as some efficacy against influenza, which initially infects lung epithelial cells, but did not show any impact on hepatitis C virus as assayed in mice engrafted with human hepatocytes, which are thought to be long-lived cells. IL-18/22 can protect mice against norovirus infection, which infects B cells and tuft cells (33, 34), but human norovirus is thought to primarily infect epithelial cells, particularly in immunocompromised persons who develop chronic norovirus infections (35). SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has also been observed to replicate in IEC (36), and like RV, appears to replicate in mature IEC, which express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Intestinal replication of SARS-CoV-2 is thought to contribute to extrarespiratory pathologies associated with COVID-19 (37). As such, the use of IL-18/22based therapy may be a potential strategy to treat chronic RV and/or norovirus infections in person with immune dysfunction and, moreover, might serve to mitigate severe cases of COVID-19.

This study sought to ascertain the mechanism by which IL-22 and IL-18 prevent and cure RV infection. Mice were orally administered RV. Extent of infection was assayed my measuring viral genomes and proteins in the intestine. IL-18 and or IL-22 were administered to mice with various genetic deficiencies. Cell extrusion and cell death were measured. All procedures involving mice were approved by GSUs animal care and use committee (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee no.17047).

All mice used herein were adults (i.e., 4 to 8 weeks old) on a C57BL/6 background bred at Georgia State University (GSU) (Atlanta, GA). RV-infected mice were housed in an animal biosafety level 2 facility. WT, Rag-1/, IL-18/, IL-18-R/, Stat3flox, and Villin-cre were purchased from the Jackson laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME, USA). NLRC4/, IL-22/, and IL-22-R/ mice were provided by Genentech (South San Francisco, CA, USA). TLR5/ and TLR5//NLRC4/ and WT littermates were maintained as previously described (5). Gasdermin D/E/ mice, whose generation and initial characterization were previously described (22), were shipped to GSU and studied in original and cross-fostered state as indicated in results.

Murine Fc-IL-22 was provided by Genentech Inc. Murine IL-18 was purchased from Sino Biological Inc. (Beijing, China). Procedures for isolation of flagellin and verification of purity were described previously (5). Recombinant murine EGF (mEGF) was purchased from PeproTech.

Age- and sex-matched adult mice (8 to 12 weeks of age) were orally administered 100 l of 1.33% sodium bicarbonate (Sigma-Aldrich) and then inoculated with 105 SD50 of murine RV EC strain. Approach used to determine SD50 has been described previously (5).

Five-week-old Rag-1/ mice were infected with murineRV (same infection procedure as described in the Acute models section). Feces were collected 3 weeks after RV inoculation to confirm the establishment of chronic infection.

Cell culture-adapted rhesus RV (RRV) was trypsin-activated [trypsin (10 g/ml)] in serum-free RPMI-1640 (cellgro) at 37C for 30 min. The basolateral side of the polarized Caco-2 cells was stimulated with cytokines, 1.5 hours before expose to RRV infection as previously described (5). The upper chamber of transwells was infected with trypsin-pretreated RRV and allowed to adsorb at 37C for 40 min before being washed with serum-free medium. The presence of cytokines was maintained at a constant level throughout the experiment.

Fecal pellets were collected daily from individual mouse on days 0 to 10 after RV inoculation. Samples were suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) [10% (w/v)], after centrifugation, supernatants of fecal homogenates were analyzed by ELISA, and after multiple serial dilutions, more detailed descriptions of experimental procedures are previously described (5).

Mice were subjected to x-ray irradiation using an 8.5 gray (Gy) equivalent followed by injection of 2 107 bone marrow cells administered intravenously as previously described (5). All mice were afforded an 8-week recovery period before experimental use. For the first 2 weeks after transfer, mice were maintained in sterile cages and supplied with drinking water containing neomycin (2 mg/ml) (Mediatech/Corning).

Intestinal sections were fixed in methanol-Carnoys fixative solution (60% methanol, 30% chloroform, and 10% glacial acetic acid) for 48 hours at 4C. Fixed tissues were washed two times in dry methanol for 30 min each, followed by two times in absolute ethanol for 20 min each, and then incubated in two baths of xylene before proceeding to paraffin embedding. Thin sections (4 m) were sliced from paraffin-embedded tissues and placed on glass slides after floating on a water bath. The sections were dewaxed by initial incubation at 60C for 20 min, followed by two baths in prewarmed xylene substitute solution for 10 min each. Deparaffinized sections were then hydrated in solutions with decreasing concentration of ethanol (100, 95, 70, 50, and 30%) every 5 min in each bath. Last, slides allowed to dry almost completely and were then mounted with ProLong antifade mounting media containing 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) before analysis by fluorescence microscopy.

Intestinal sections were fixed in 10% buffered formalin at room temperature for 48 hours and then embedded in paraffin. Tissues were sectioned at 4 m thickness, and IEC death was detected by TUNEL assay using the In Situ Cell Death Detection Kit, Fluorescein (Roche) according to the manufacturers instructions.

IECs lysate (20 g per lane) was separated by SDSpolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis through 4 to 20% Mini-PROTEAN TGX gel (Bio-Rad, USA), transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, and analyzed by immunoblot, as previously described (5). Briefly, isolated IEC was incubated with radioimmunoprecipitation assay lysis buffer (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) for 30 min at room temperature. Subsequently, cell lysates were homogenized by pipette and subjected to full-speed centrifugation. Protein bands were detected for cleaved caspase-3, phosphor-STAT3, and anti-actin (Cell Signaling Technology) and incubated with horseradish peroxidaseconjugated anti-rabbit secondary antibody. Immunoblotted proteins were visualized with Western blotting detection reagents (GE Healthcare) and then imaged using the ChemiDoc XRS+ system (Bio-Rad).

The entire small intestine was harvested from mice according to indicated experimental design and sliced longitudinally before being washed gently in PBS to remove the luminal content. Tissues were processed and maintained at 4C throughout. Cleaned tissue samples were further minced into 1- to 2-mm3 pieces and shaken in 20 ml of Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS) containing 2 mM EDTA and 10 mM Hepes for 30 min. An additional step of vigorous vortexing in fresh HBSS (10 mM Hepes) after EDTA incubation facilitated cell disaggregation. IECs were then filtered through 70-m nylon mesh strainer (BD Biosciences), centrifuged, and resuspended in PBS.

Bulk leukocytes and IECs isolated above were incubated with succinimidyl esters (NHS ester)Alexa Fluor 430, which permitted determination of cell viability. Cells were then blocked by incubation with anti-CD16/anti-CD-32 (10 g/ml) (clone 2.4G2, American Type Culture Collection). Twenty minutes later, cells were stained with fluorescently conjugated antibodies: CD26-PE (clone H194-112, eBioscience), CD44-PECy7 (clone IM7, eBioscience), CD45fluorescein isothiocyanate (clone, 30-F11, eBioscience), and CD326-allophycocyanin (clone G8.8, eBioscience). Last, stained cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 10 min before whole-cell population was analyzed on a BD LSR II flow cytometer. Collected data were analyzed using FlowJo.

Host DNA was quantitated from 100 mg of luminal content (100 mg) from small intestine by using the QIAamp DNA Stool Mini kit (Qiagen) and subjected to qPCR using QuantiFast SYBR Green PCR kit (Bio-Rad) in a CDX96 apparatus (Bio-Rad) with specific mouse 18S oligonucleotides primers. The sense and antisense oligonucleotides primers used were: 18s-1F: 5-GTAACCCGTTGAACCCCATT-3 and 18s-1R: 5-CCATCCAATCGGTAGTAGCG-3. PCR results were expressed as actual numbers of IEC shedding per 100 mg of luminal content, calculated using a standard curve, which was generated using twofold serial dilutions of mouse colon carcinoma cell line MC26. DNA was extracted from each vial with known number of MC26 cells after serial dilutions, and then real-time qPCR was performed. The cycle quantification (Cq) values (x axis) are inversely proportional to the amount of target genes (18S) (y axis), and a standard curve is applied to estimate the numbers of cell shedding from luminal content based on the quantity of target copies (18S) from each sample.

To extract RNA, cell pellets were homogenized with TRIzol (Invitrogen), and chloroform was added to the homogenate to separate RNA (an upper aqueous layer) from DNA and proteins (a red lower organic layer). Isopropanol facilitated the precipitation of RNA out of solution, and after centrifugation, the impurities were removed by washing with 75% ethanol. RNA pellets were resuspended in ribonuclease-free water and underwent quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Total RNA from luminal content was purified from the RNeasy PowerMicrobiome Kit according to the manufacturers instructions. Primers that target non-structural protein 3 region: EC.C (+) (5-GTTCGTTGTGCCTCATTCG-3 and EC.C () (5-TCGGAACGTACTTCTGGAC-3) were applied to quantify viral genomes from IEC and luminal content. RV replication was quantitated as previously described (38).

A pulse-chase experimental strategy was used to label intestinal enterocytes with BrdU to estimate the IEC migration rate along the crypt-villus axis over a defined period of time. Briefly, 8-week-old mice were intraperitoneally injected with either PBS or cytokine(s) (IL-22 and/or IL-18) 1 hour before BrdU treatment (50 g/mg of mice body weight, ip). After 16 hours, mice were euthanized, and a segment of the jejunum were resected, immediately embedded in optimal cutting temperature compound (OCT) (Sigma-Adrich) and then underwent tissue sectioning. Tissue sections (4 m) were firstly fixed in 4% formaldehyde for 30 min at room temperature and then washed three times in PBS. DNA denaturation was performed by incubating the sections in prewarmed 1.5 N HCl for 30 min at 37C, and then acid was neutralized by rinsing sections three times in PBS. Before BrdU immunostaining, sections were blocked with rabbit serum (BioGenex, Fremont, CA) for 1 hour at room temperature, then incubated with anti-BrdU (Abcam) 2 hours at 37C, and counterstained with DAPI. The BrdU-labeled cells were visualized by fluorescence microscopy.

The proximal jejunum was imbedded into OCT compound, and then sliced into 6-m-thin sections. Tissue slides were incubated in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min, followed by 5 min washing of PBS twice. Autofluorescence caused by free aldehydes was quenched by incubating slides in 50 mM NH4Cl in PBS or 0.1 M glycine in PBS for 14 min at room temperature, followed by 5 min PBS washing three times. Bovine serum albuminPBS (3%) was used to block the tissue samples for 1 hour at room temperature. The slides were then washed with PBS for 5 min, followed by incubation with primary antibody (1:100; hyperimmune guinea pig anti-RRV serum) in blocking buffer overnight at 4C. After slides were washed three times with PBS, secondary antibody (donkey antiguinea pig immunoglobulin G, Jackson ImmunoResearch, 706-586-148) was applied to the sample slides for 1 to 2 hours at room temperature. The fluorescence emission of mRV antigen was detected by fluorescence microscopy.

Significance was determined using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or students t test (GraphPad Prism software, version 6.04). Differences were noted as significant *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001.

Funding: This work was supported by NIH grants DK083890 and DK099071 (to A.T.G.). J.Z. is supported by career development award from American Diabetes Association. B.C. is supported by a Starting Grant from the European Research Council, an Innovator Award from the Kenneth Rainin Foundation, and a Chaire dExcellence from Paris University. Author contributions: Z.Z. led performance of all experiments. J.Z. and Z.S. helped with specimen analysis. B.Z., L.E.-M., Y.W., and B.C. advised in experimental design and data interpretation. X.S. and F.S. provided advice and key reagents. A.G. helped design study and drafted manuscript. Competing interests: A.T.G. and B.Z. are inventors on patent application (WO2015054386A1 WIPO) held by GSU that covers Prevention and treatment of rotavirus infection using IL-18 and IL-22. Data and materials availability: All data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper or the Supplementary Materials. All mice are either commercially available or available under a material transfer agreement.

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IL-22induced cell extrusion and IL-18induced cell death prevent and cure rotavirus infection - Science

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By Claudia Paba Prada, MD

For more than 30 years, oncologists have used immunotherapy to treat cancer, harnessing the strength of the patients own immune system to fight the disease. For many, it has been a welcome alternative or supplement to more traditional chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical options.

The disease I specialize in, multiple myeloma, has no cure, but patients can maintain quality of life with treatment combinations. These individuals have cancer cells form in plasma cells within bone marrow, crowding out healthy (red and white) blood cells and damaging bones, the immune system, and kidneys. We use immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy to treat cancerous plasma cells, transitioning to different drugs when the cancer mutates and becomes resistant to the previously prescribed treatment. Our goal is to get patients to a stem cell transplant or, if they arent an appropriate candidate, to utilize a combination of drugs to kill myeloma cells. We then continue maintenance therapy to keep cancer cells dormant and preserve their existing lifestyle.

Its critical that we never stop studying the biology of the diseases we see, since each patient is different and there is no one-size-fits-all treatment. What approaches have been used previously, their toxicity, and the patients comorbidities (diabetes, heart issues, etc.) all factor into what may or may not be the appropriate next step. With younger, newly diagnosed patients, a more aggressive approach to get to transplantation may be pursued. In older patients, the goal is usually to get to some level of remission, even if that isnt a permanent solution.

Some myeloma patients, however, dont respond to any of the available chemotherapy drugs or may have a cancer relapse after their transplant. Thats why there is excitement within the cancer community about clinical trials were participating in at the

Moffitt Malignant Hematology and Cellular Therapy Program at Memorial Hospital West that have increased what were able to accomplish through immunotherapy.

The new approach is called CAR-T cell therapy and its administered like a blood transfusion after the patients own T cells are reprogrammed to attack the cancer cells. This is done by genetically altering T cells so they produce synthetic molecules called chimeric antigen receptors, or CARs, which enable T cells to recognize and attach to a certain protein in tumor cells and kill them.

We see 70-80 new multiple myeloma cases each year and more than 300 with relapse disease so, while not every patient will be a CAR-T candidate, were hoping many more will be as the trial progresses. Were using drugs under research that are unavailable anywhere else in Florida for myeloma and expect to expand to include leukemia and lymphoma patients in the coming year.

All this work is being done as we establish a myeloma-specific institute at Moffitt/Memorial that will be the only one of its type in Broward and Palm Beach counties. Bringing specialists together and providing South Floridians access to clinical trials is part of what were planning, but its also important to address the whole person and not just the disease. Thats why were already collaborating with the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society of Broward County and have established a support group for myeloma patients and their caregivers. The group will address issues related to a cancer diagnosis and provide opportunities for attendees to discuss concerns, anxieties, feelings related to their illness, treatment, and connected issues. Meetings, even the virtual ones were having during COVID-19, are designed to offer mutual support and information to members by connecting them to others whose situations are similar to their own.

My own journey has taken me from my home country of Colombia to an internal medicine residency in Philadelphia, hematology/oncology fellowship in Memphis, and an advanced fellowship in hematologic malignancies at Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. I was at Dana Farber for seven years before relocating to South Florida in 2017. I joined the Moffitt team at Memorial Hospital West in July and am anxious to further the research and treatment of multiple myeloma at one of the nations leading cancer centers. CAR-T cellular therapy is one of the ways we can get there together.

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New Weapons in the Battle Against Blood Cancers: Current Articles - South Florida Hospital News

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Washington Here's a look at how area members of Congress voted over the previous week.

Along with its roll call votes this week, the House also passed these measures: the Cyber Sense Act (H.R. 360), to require the secretary of energy to establish a voluntary Cyber Sense program to test the cybersecurity of products and technologies intended for use in the bulk-power system; the Consumer Product Safety Inspection Enhancement Act (H.R. 8134), to support the Consumer Product Safety Commission's capability to protect consumers from unsafe consumer products; the School-Based Allergies and Asthma Management Program Act (H.R. 2468), to increase the preference given, in awarding certain allergies and asthma-related grants, to states that require certain public schools to have allergies and asthma management programs; and the Effective Suicide Screening and Assessment in the Emergency Department Act (H.R. 4861), to establish a program to improve the identification, assessment, and treatment of patients in the emergency department who are at risk of suicide.

HOUSE VOTES:

House Vote 1:

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION: The House has passed a resolution (H. Res. 1155), sponsored by Rep. Eric Swalwell, D-Calif., reaffirming the House's commitment to an orderly and peaceful transfer of presidential power after the November election. Swalwell said: "The peaceful transition of power is not only a bedrock principle of America's founding; it is a living ideal that we must exercise and pass down to our children." An opponent, Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., called the resolution "a way for Democrats to attack the president and disguise the fact that they will refuse to accept the election results unless they win." The vote, on Sept. 29, was 397 yeas to 5 nays.

YEAS: Mooney R-WV (2nd), McKinley R-WV (1st), Miller R-WV (3rd)

House Vote 2:

DISCLOSING TIES TO UYGHUR LABOR: The House has passed the Uyghur Forced Labor Disclosure Act (H.R. 6270), sponsored by Rep. Jennifer Wexton, D-Va., to require publicly traded companies to disclose whether they have business ties to China's Uyghur Autonomous Region in Xinjiang province. Wexton said the requirement would let investors know of a given company's "passive complicity or active exploitation of one of the most pressing and ongoing human rights violations of our lifetime." A bill opponent, Rep. Anthony Gonzalez, R-Ohio, said it wrongly tried to have the Securities and Exchange Commission police human rights violations, a role that would be better handled by the Treasury Department. The vote, on Sept. 30, was 253 yeas to 163 nays.

NAYS: Mooney R-WV (2nd), McKinley R-WV (1st), Miller R-WV (3rd)

House Vote 3:

DISEASE THERAPIES: The House has passed the Timely ReAuthorization of Necessary Stem-cell Programs Lends Access to Needed Therapies Act (H.R. 4764), sponsored by Rep. Doris O. Matsui, D-Calif. The bill would reauthorize a program for transplanting umbilical cord blood, stem cells, and bone marrow to adults and children suffering from various diseases. The vote, on Sept. 30, was unanimous with 414 yeas.

YEAS: Mooney R-WV (2nd), McKinley R-WV (1st), Miller R-WV (3rd)

House Vote 4:

FURTHER COVID-19 SPENDING: The House has approved an amendment to the America's Conservation Enhancement Act (H.R. 925). The amendment would spend $2.2 trillion on new Covid-19 measures, including testing and treatment efforts and unemployment benefits. A supporter, Rep. James P. McGovern, D-Mass., said the spending was needed "for families to pay for necessities like food, utilities, and rent during this pandemic." An opponent, Rep. Tom Cole, R-Okla., said the amendment had been hurriedly brought to the floor without minority input or adequate time for review, and that it would not pass the Senate. The vote, on Oct. 1, was 214 yeas to 207 nays.

NAYS: Mooney R-WV (2nd), McKinley R-WV (1st), Miller R-WV (3rd)

SENATE VOTES:

Senate Vote 1:

CONTINUING APPROPRIATIONS: The Senate has passed the Continuing Appropriations Act and Other Extensions Act (H.R. 8337), sponsored by Rep. Nita M. Lowey, D-N.Y., to extend through Dec. 11 funding for health programs, including Medicare, surface transportation, and many other government programs. The vote, on Sept. 30, was 84 yeas to 10 nays.

YEAS: Manchin D-WV, Capito R-WV

Senate Vote 2:

OBAMACARE LITIGATION: The Senate has rejected a cloture motion to end debate on a motion to consider a bill (S. 4653), sponsored by Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., that would block the Justice Department from making arguments in court for canceling any provision of the 2010 health care reform law (Obamacare). The vote to end debate, on Oct. 1, was 51 yeas to 43 nays, with a three-fifths majority needed for approval.

YEAS: Manchin D-WV

NAYS: Capito R-WV

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How They Voted | News | register-herald.com - Beckley Register-Herald

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HOUSTON, Oct. 1, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- FibroGenesis, the leading developer of fibroblast based therapeutic solutions for unmet medical needs has entered into a clinical collaboration agreement with Brazilian R4D Biotech.Holding the world's largest patent portfolio in the field of cell therapies using fibroblasts, FibroGenesis is expanding its ongoing clinical programs internationally. The partnership will pave the way for clinical studies of PneumoBlast in Brazil as a unique treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) for patients affected by COVID-19, in parallel to clinical studies in the United States upon approval by the FDA.

Administration of PneumoBlast in pre-clinical and animal studies resulted in dramatic improvement of immunological signaling molecules, reducing concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-17, interleukin-18, and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha TNFa. Company scientists have also demonstrated that PneumoBlast has induced statistically significant reduction of lung fibrosis and lung scarring in COVID-19 infected animals, particularly when compared to more conventional treatments using bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Furthermore, recent data supports the potential benefits of PneumoBlast for preventing COVID-19 blood clotting. Both companies will collaborate on a clinical study design that meets the needs of Brazilian patients.

"As the scientific and medical community is discovering more about the biological and medical consequences of the COVID-19 infection, FibroGenesis is eager to contribute to the therapeutic cure options currently being created to fight this global war against this virus," commented Pete O'Heeron, Chief Executive Officer, FibroGenesis. "The collaboration with R4D Biotech is another strategic milestone that emphasizes our commitment to expand fibroblast research globally."

"The lab results which indicate our cell therapy approach possesses both therapeutic effects on animal models of the acute stage of COVID-19, and also benefits a cure for residual pathology seen in COVID-19 patients, has our research team extremely excited," said Thomas Ichim, Ph.D., Chief Scientific Officer, FibroGenesis.

"Technology transfer is at the core of this partnership," said Paulo Ferraz, BRICS/Emerging Markets Director of international fund Newstar Ventures and an advisor for FibroGenesis on this transaction. "R4D Biotech has access to sophisticated resources comprising research facilities and hospitals, and its talent pool includes scientific advisors who are recognized academics and distinguished members of the Brazilian Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences. PneumoBlast clinical study will represent the first step in a long-term relationship designed to aid in the discovery of advanced therapeutic solutions for chronic medical needs."

About R4D Biotech:R4D Biotech is a Brazilian emerging company headquartered in the state of So Paulo focused on research and development for biotechnology and healthcare, with the mission of bringing disruptive technology innovation across all steps of clinical development in life sciences.

About FibroGenesis:Based in Houston, Texas, FibroGenesis is a regenerative medicine company developing an innovative solution for chronic disease treatment using human dermal fibroblasts. Currently, FibroGenesis holds 240+ U.S. and international issued patents/patents pending across a variety of clinical pathways, including Disc Degeneration, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, Cancer, Diabetes, Liver Failure, Colitis and Heart Failure. FibroGenesis represents the next generation of medical advancement in cell therapy.Visit http://www.Fibro-Genesis.com.

View original content to download multimedia:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/fibrogenesis-expands-fight-against-covid-19-in-brazil-with-international-collaboration-301144126.html

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FibroGenesis Expands Fight Against COVID-19 In Brazil with International Collaboration - BioSpace

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Targeted News Service Published 8:39 p.m. ET Oct. 2, 2020

WASHINGTON - Here's a look at how area members of Congress voted Sept. 25 to Oct. 1.

Along with its roll call votes, the House also passed these measures: the Cyber Sense Act (H.R. 360), to require the secretary of energy to establish a voluntary Cyber Sense program to test the cybersecurity of products and technologies intended for use in the bulk-power system; the Consumer Product Safety Inspection Enhancement Act (H.R. 8134), to support the Consumer Product Safety Commission's capability to protect consumers from unsafe consumer products; the School-Based Allergies and Asthma Management Program Act (H.R. 2468), to increase the preference given, in awarding certain allergies and asthma-related grants, to states that require certain public schools to have allergies and asthma management programs; and the Effective Suicide Screening and Assessment in the Emergency Department Act (H.R. 4861), to establish a program to improve the identification, assessment, and treatment of patients in the emergency department who are at risk of suicide.

House Vote 1:

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION: The House has passed a resolution (H. Res. 1155), sponsored by Rep. Eric Swalwell, D-Calif., reaffirming the House's commitment to an orderly and peaceful transfer of presidential power after the November election. Swalwell said: "The peaceful transition of power is not only a bedrock principle of America's founding; it is a living ideal that we must exercise and pass down to our children." An opponent, Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., called the resolution "a way for Democrats to attack the president and disguise the fact that they will refuse to accept the election results unless they win." The vote, on Sept. 29, was 397 yeas to 5 nays.

YEAS: Bob Gibbs R-OH (7th), Troy Balderson R-OH (12th)

NOT VOTING: Jim Jordan R-OH (4th)

House Vote 2:

DISCLOSING TIES TO UYGHUR LABOR: The House has passed the Uyghur Forced Labor Disclosure Act (H.R. 6270), sponsored by Rep. Jennifer Wexton, D-Va., to require publicly traded companies to disclose whether they have business ties to China's Uyghur Autonomous Region in Xinjiang province. Wexton said the requirement would let investors know of a given company's "passive complicity or active exploitation of one of the most pressing and ongoing human rights violations of our lifetime." A bill opponent, Rep. Anthony Gonzalez, R-Ohio, said it wrongly tried to have the Securities and Exchange Commission police human rights violations, a role that would be better handled by the Treasury Department. The vote, on Sept. 30, was 253 yeas to 163 nays.

NAYS: Gibbs R-OH (7th), Balderson R-OH (12th),Jordan R-OH (4th)

House Vote 3:

DISEASE THERAPIES: The House has passed the Timely ReAuthorization of Necessary Stem-cell Programs Lends Access to Needed Therapies Act (H.R. 4764), sponsored by Rep. Doris O. Matsui, D-Calif. The bill would reauthorize a program for transplanting umbilical cord blood, stem cellsand bone marrow to adults and children suffering from various diseases. The vote, on Sept. 30, was unanimous with 414 yeas.

YEAS: Gibbs R-OH (7th), Balderson R-OH (12th),Jordan R-OH (4th)

House Vote 4:

FURTHER COVID-19 SPENDING: The House has approved an amendment to the America's Conservation Enhancement Act (H.R. 925). The amendment would spend $2.2 trillion on new COVID-19 measures, including testing and treatment efforts and unemployment benefits. A supporter, Rep. James P. McGovern, D-Mass., said the spending was needed "for families to pay for necessities like food, utilitiesand rent during this pandemic." An opponent, Rep. Tom Cole, R-Okla., said the amendment had been hurriedly brought to the floor without minority input or adequate time for review, and that it would not pass the Senate. The vote, on Oct. 1, was 214 yeas to 207 nays.

NAYS: Gibbs R-OH (7th), Balderson R-OH (12th),Jordan R-OH (4th)

Senate Vote 1:

CONTINUING APPROPRIATIONS: The Senate has passed the Continuing Appropriations Act and Other Extensions Act (H.R. 8337), sponsored by Rep. Nita M. Lowey, D-N.Y., to extend through Dec.11 funding for health programs, including Medicare, surface transportationand many other government programs. The vote, on Sept. 30, was 84 yeas to 10 nays.

YEAS: Sherrod Brown D-OH, Rob Portman R-OH

Senate Vote 2:

OBAMACARE LITIGATION: The Senate has rejected a cloture motion to end debate on a motion to consider a bill (S. 4653), sponsored by Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., that would block the Justice Department from making arguments in court for cancelling any provision of the 2010 health care reform law (Obamacare). The vote to end debate, on Oct. 1, was 51 yeas to 43 nays, with a three-fifths majority needed for approval.

YEAS: Brown D-OH

NAYS: Portman R-OH

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Here's how area members of Congress voted - Mansfield News Journal

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Your genetic history reveals a great deal about you, such as your eye color and your ancestry. Your genetic make-up can also provide clues about your health, including your risk for certain types of cancer. This is done through genetic testing, which is a type of medical test that identifies changes in chromosomes, genes or proteins.

The results of a genetic test can confirm or rule out a suspected genetic condition or help determine a persons chance of developing or passing on a genetic disorder.

Genetic counseling is a one-to-two hour consultation with a licensed genetic counselor. During this consultation, the counselor will analyze your family cancer patterns, explain how genes are inherited and explain the difference between hereditary and sporadic cancer. You also will discuss the ethical, legal and social implications associated with genetic testing to help you decide if the benefits of genetic testing outweigh the risks, including emotional, social and financial risks.

One of the biggest misconceptions about genetic testing for older adults is that someone is too old for it to be beneficial. Since health professionals are looking for genes you have had since you were born, youre never too old for genetic testing.

Regardless of age, if you have cancer, finding out if you carry a predisposition for that cancer could potentially help your oncologist determine the best course of treatment for you. The results can also tell your healthcare provider what other cancers you may be at risk for and discuss screening and surgical options to reduce that type of cancer.

If you have been previously diagnosed with cancer, genetic counseling/testing can help determine if your diagnosis has a hereditary component. This information can lead to specific medical management recommendations and can determine if your family members may have similar hereditary risks.

If you have not been diagnosed with cancer, genetic counseling can help to plan the most informative testing strategy for your family.

Genetic testing most commonly looks for genes that affect risks for breast, colorectal, ovarian, uterine, prostate or pancreatic cancers.

A consultation with a cancer genetic counselor is recommended for individuals who have any personal or family history of:

Consumer based genetic testing

Over the last decade, dozens of companies began offering consumer genetic testing for a variety of purposes. Some companies combine this service with ancestry testing and some also offer a health section.

The difference with this type of test is there is no healthcare provider involved in the process and it is not as comprehensive as those offered through a healthcare provider. Genetic counselors are licensed professionals with special education and training who interpret the genetic test results and provide you with an individualized cancer risk analysis. Investigating if you or your family members are at an increased risk for cancer can be overwhelming, which is why its important to have a professional guide you through this process.

Genetic counselors are experts in understanding insurance coverage for genetic testing. Each insurance company has specific criteria for coverage. Most insurance companies will cover genetic testing when it is medically recommended.

Coverage for genetic testing can only be determined after a full evaluation of your medical and family history by a genetic counselor and will be explained to you before you decide whether or not to undergo testing. Here are some general insurance guidelines:

If youre interesting in genetic testing, talk to your primary care physician or schedule an appointment with a licensed genetic counselor at the MemorialCare Todd Cancer Institute at Long Beach Medical Center by calling 562-933-RISK (7475).

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Senior Living: Your genes tell a story that can be passed down for generations - Press-Enterprise

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The Parkinsons Foundation has expanded its PD GENErationnational study to include at-home genetic testing and virtual counseling inSpanish as well as English.

Opened in 2019 through the organization and partly supported by Biogen, PD GENEration offers Parkinsons (PD) patients free genetic testing plus genetic counseling to help them understand test results.

To remove barriers to Parkinsons research participation in the underserved Hispanic population, the Parkinsons Foundation decided to offer patientsat-home testing and counseling in Spanish. The study seeks to use the testing to boost clinical trial enrollment. In turn, researchers hope to use test results to develop treatment candidates and personalized therapeutic approaches.

We want the Hispanic community to know that they can be empowered by taking part in the PD GENEration program and that their voices and experiences are incredibly valuable in helping us move the field forward for the entire PD community, said Ignacio Mata, PhD, chair of the Parkinsons Foundation Hispanic Parkinsons Advisory Council, in a press release.

Offering the study in Spanish is critical to ensuring that the Hispanic community can easily participate and therefore will be well represented in this important study, Mata said.

After a virtual screening appointment to confirm eligibility, prospective PD GENEration participants schedule a two-hour virtual testing appointment. During that appointment, and with guidance from a healthcare professional, patients complete the genetic assessment.Test results are discussed with a counselor during a follow-up phone appointment.

To determine participation eligibility, go here for a short online questionnaire. For questions about enrollment, write to [emailprotected].

The Parkinsons Foundation has adapted to help the PD community gain access to this valuable and empowering information from the safety and comfort of their homes during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and beyond, said James Beck, PhD, the organizations chief scientific officer. We are looking forward to continuing this research study so that we may one day soon be able to provide precision treatments for the 1 million Americans living with Parkinsons disease.

Genetic testing and counseling will remain available at six in-person testing sites nationwide. The Foundation expects to add 10 testing sites next year.

In addition to identifying potential clinical trial participants, such testing can help scientists uncover underlying Parkinsons mechanisms, which could lead to improved treatments and patient care. Understanding genetic differences across people with Parkinsons can help reveal the diseases variable effect.

As it stands, genetic tests for Parkinsons often are unaffordable and not covered by insurance. And, many dont offer genetic counseling, which can help interpret test results. Consequently, most Parkinsons patients dont know whether they carry genetic changes in Parkinsons-related genes. The PD GENEration study seeks to address this need.

Early study results show that comprehensive genetic testing and counseling, and the identification of rare genetic mutations linked to the disease, is practicable for the Parkinsons community at large.

Roughly 15% of Parkinsons cases may be associated with genetic mutation.Since its launch, the PD GENEration study has tested at least 291 people, 52 of whom tested positive for a Parkinsons-related mutation.

The study tests for the following genes with known Parkinsons associations: GBA(glucocerebrosidase beta),LRRK2(dardarin),PRKN(Parkin),PINK1(PTEN induced putative kinase 1),PARK7(DJ-1),VPS-35,andSNCA(alpha-synuclein).

To date, some study participants tested have shown extremely rare mutations, with some individuals even carrying multiple Parkinsons-associated mutations. This information should contribute to a better understanding of the neurodegenerative disorder.

Mary M. Chapman began her professional career at United Press International, running both print and broadcast desks. She then became a Michigan correspondent for what is now Bloomberg BNA, where she mainly covered the automotive industry plus legal, tax and regulatory issues. A member of the Automotive Press Association and one of a relatively small number of women on the car beat, Chapman has discussed the automotive industry multiple times of National Public Radio, and in 2014 was selected as an honorary judge at the prestigious Cobble Beach Concours dElegance. She has written for numerous national outlets including Time, People, Al-Jazeera America, Fortune, Daily Beast, MSN.com, Newsweek, The Detroit News and Detroit Free Press. The winner of the Society of Professional Journalists award for outstanding reporting, Chapman has had dozens of articles in The New York Times, including two on the coveted front page. She has completed a manuscript about centenarian car enthusiast Margaret Dunning, titled Belle of the Concours.

Total Posts: 208

Ana holds a PhD in Immunology from the University of Lisbon and worked as a postdoctoral researcher at Instituto de Medicina Molecular (iMM) in Lisbon, Portugal. She graduated with a BSc in Genetics from the University of Newcastle and received a Masters in Biomolecular Archaeology from the University of Manchester, England. After leaving the lab to pursue a career in Science Communication, she served as the Director of Science Communication at iMM.

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PD GENEration Study Now Includes At-home Genetic Testing and... - Parkinson's News Today

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This article was originally published here

JCO Oncol Pract. 2020 Sep 28:OP2000431. doi: 10.1200/OP.20.00431. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Germline genetic testing is now routinely recommended for patients with prostate cancer (PCa) because of expanded guidelines and options for targeted treatments. However, integrating genetic testing into oncology and urology clinical workflows remains a challenge because of the increased number of patients with PCa requiring testing and the limited access to genetics providers. This suggests a critical unmet need for genetic services outside of historical models. This review addresses current guidelines, considerations, and challenges for PCa genetic testing and offers a practical guide for genetic counseling and testing delivery, with solutions to help address potential barriers and challenges for both providers and patients. As genetic and genomic testing become integral to PCa care, developing standardized systems for implementation in the clinic is essential for delivering precision oncology to patients with PCa and realizing the full scope and impact of genetic testing.

PMID:32986533 | DOI:10.1200/OP.20.00431

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Practical Considerations and Challenges for Germline Genetic Testing in Patients With Prostate Cancer: Recommendations From the Germline Genetics...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Megan Henry|The Columbus Dispatch

Joan Swarts recently learned she has a greater risk of developing colon, ovarian and breast cancer.

Genetic testing counselors at OhioHealth were able to discover all of this information after taking ablood sample from her back in February.

Now, Swarts, 55, of Delaware,is being proactive. She recently met with a colorectal surgeon and knows to increase the frequency of her colon screenings.

Im glad that I now know thats a potential and I can take steps to watch for that to catch it early, she said.

Genetic testing recognizes changes in chromosomes, genes or proteins. The results can help confirm or dismiss a suspected genetic condition;help determine a persons chance of developing a genetic condition; and show the likelihood of passing on a genetic disorder, according to the National Library of Medicine.

What we hope is that the genetic testing information is going to give us a very personalized plan for what that person needs to do based on their genetic testing results and based on their family history, said Amy Sturm, a cardiovascular genetics expert for the National Society of Genetic Counselors.

Test results come back either positive (meaning the test found a genetic change known to cause disease),negative (meaning the test did not find a genetic change known to cause disease), oruncertain (meaning there isn't enough information about the genetic change to figure out if it's normal or could cause a disease), according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

The results can answer questions like, Are there things that I can do that will enable me to not develop this disease? Or that can basically modify my risk or things that I can do to prepare myself for what might come in the future because I have this genetic condition? said Nichole Morman, genetic counseling manageratOhioHealth.

The number of licensed genetic counselors in Ohio has been on the rise. There were 221 in 2016 and 423 in June of this year, according to the state medical board annual report.

People do genetic testing for a variety of reasons. Somemight wonder whether they are predisposed to a genetic condition if they have a family history. Or a person might want to know why they were diagnosed with a specific condition. They might also question whether they could pass on a genetic condition to a child.

Breast cancer runs in Swarts'family. Her grandmother died from breast cancer when she was 65, so Swarts'breast health doctor urged her to do genetic testing.

(The genetic testing)was really informative,"Swarts said."I felt like I was inundated with a lot of information but everything has been explained really well to me as far as preventive things I need to do.

Erin Pettegrew, 46, did genetic testing a couple of years ago after her mom was diagnosed with ovarian cancer seven years ago.

TheHilliard resident had the tests through the Making Genetic Testing Accessible (Magenta) study, an at-home screening for 19 genetic abnormalitieslaunched out of the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.

She saw an ad for Magenta pop up on her Facebook and sent in her cheek swab after getting the kit. She got her results back a few weeks later saying she didnt have a genetic predisposition to ovarian cancer.

My heart was pounding as I opened the email for sure, but once I saw that it was negative it was a big relief, Pettegrew said. If it had been positive, I would have had to make some choices about maybe having my ovaries removed early in life and other considerations about my own health, but I didnt have to go down that path."

There is a psychological aspect tofinding out whether you're predisposed to a genetic condition, Morman noted.

How is that going to make me feel about myself? How is it going to impact my relationships with my family members?" Morman said.

Swarts's mind is more at ease knowing she has the potential for these diseases and she takes comfort knowing it can be caught early.

"Honestly, Im one of those people who thought I really dont want to know so I was nervous about doing it, but Im glad I did so I can take the necessary measures to look for this stuff,"Swarts said.

Direct-to-consumertesting like 23andMe is also an option, but the results can be limited.

If you are interested in doing genetic testing because of a family health history of a certain disease, we do not recommend doing a 23andMe test, rather you should speak to your health-care provider,Aushawna Collins, 23andMe spokesperson, said in an email.

Genetic testing is continuing to evolve and whole-genome sequencing for newborns could be on the horizon.

A baby is born and you want to know for that baby's entire life what might they be at risk for, Sturm said. I think really getting that full genome sequencing at a very young age and then using it as a resource throughout their life is something we really are striving toward in our field.

mhenry@dispatch.com

@megankhenry

Original post:
Genetic testing helps patients be proactive in seeking healthcare - The Columbus Dispatch

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Addressing gaps in testing and education within precision oncology can assist in improving access to patients of color and other underserved populations.

Addressing gaps in testing and education within precision oncology can assist in improving access to patients of color and other underserved populations, said Karen Winkfield, MD, PhD, incoming executive director, Meharry-Vanderbilt Alliance.

Transcript

AJMC: In the era of precision medicine, what can oncologists do to ensure that newer therapies are the right choice for minority patients?

Dr Winkfield: Precision oncology has really come a long way, and I do think that oftentimes people think about it as just genetic testing or genomic testing. That's important, and we do know that there's a gap, even in terms of testing, for some things as simple as an oncotype for breast cancer patients. We know that Black patients are not getting the oncotype test at the same rate as other racial and ethnic groups.

So, really, just making sure that there's access is one thing that can be important. Whether it be partnering with some of the testing facilities to make sure that there is opportunity for individuals who may be underinsured or uninsured to gain access to some of these precision oncology tests, that would be wonderful.

The other thing is making sure people understand, again, community engagement. I'm going to keep coming back to that, because patients need to understand the importance of it and know that they're not being a guinea pig, etc, but that we want to make sure that their treatment is personalized. The personalization is not just to them as an individual, but also to their tumor and what their tumor might be doing. So, that communication is important as well.

So, sometimes it may require a second biopsy. So, you can imagine, if a person has gone through therapy and then their tumor is not responding, and you say, "Oh, we need to get some more tissue," there can be some misunderstandings about that. So, really being open with your patients about the rationale and the reason for getting additional tissue, but, again, making sure that patients don't have very high out-of-pocket cost is one of the things that I think will go a long way to improving access to patients of color and other underserved populations to precision oncology.

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Dr Karen Winkfield on Improving Minority Access, Education for Precision Oncology - AJMC.com Managed Markets Network

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

ALISO VIEJO, Calif., Oct. 1, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --Ambry Genetics(Ambry), a leading clinical genetic testing lab, is launching its CARE for COVID Program with Western Springs School District 101 and The Green Alliance International. The Ambry Genetics Comprehensive, Assessment, Risk, and Education (CARE) for COVID Program is designed to help identify and test individuals in need of coronavirus testing. The program provides Western Springs School District 101 with the system, tools, and support needed to screen and test their faculty and other employees as they return to their offices and classrooms this fall. The Western Springs School District, located in a suburb of Chicago, Illinois, serves students from kindergarten to eighth grade. The Green Alliance International will be using the CARE for COVID Program's screening and exposure questionnaire as part of their Gateway Entry Systems program. The Gateway Entry Systems program provides school systems, sports venues, and businesses across the U.S. with the tools needed to safely reopen, including disinfecting technology, wristband body temperature screening, and the CARE for COVID program's symptom and exposure digital questionnaire for remote monitoring.

The CARE for COVID program includes viral testing by RT-PCR for individuals who are exhibiting symptoms or have known exposure, with results returnedwithin 24-48hours of receipt of the sample. Ambry's RT-PCR test uses saliva collection and creates a simpler and more convenient experience than the nasopharyngeal swabs commonly used by other labs.

The CARE for COVID Program also includes:

The robust, one-stop nature of the CARE for COVID Program ensures that individuals are not missed through multiple engagement points. The CARE for COVID Program incorporates the latest guidance from federal agencies, including the CDC. Ambry worked directly with noted experts in academia, industry, and government to develop the program.

"Over the last six months or so, our team has worked tirelessly to transition our lab and the CARE Program into a comprehensive, end-to-end solution to support workforce and community testing efforts," Ambry Genetics CEO Aaron Elliott said. "We look forward to helping more businesses and schools to safely reopen."

Ambry is expanding the CARE for COVID Program to other school districts and businesses this fall. The Program can be tailored depending on the organization's needs, and employers can choose the frequency for asking individuals to complete the screening questionnaire, whether daily or less often. Ambry is contracted with health plans representing over 90% of insured individuals, making it convenient for the employers to bill insurance for the testing performed.

"With the development of our CARE for COVID program, we learned that organizations want an end-to-end solution," Ambry Genetics Chief Commercial Officer Tom Schoenherr said. "If a critical component is missing in the solution, it will not work. The CARE for COVID program includes education, evaluation, assessment, counseling, testing, post-test counseling, workplace exposure tracing, and reporting."

The Ambry CARE program is a population-health, precision-medicine tool that can address employee health and wellness across a range of medical issues. Already used to help people learn whether they are at risk for hereditary cancers including, breastand colon cancers, the program can also be adapted to help identify and manage diabetes, cardiovascular, and other diseases. To learn more about the CARE program and hereditary cancer risk, please visitambrygen.com/care.

ABOUT AMBRY GENETICS

Ambry Genetics, as part of Konica Minolta Precision Medicine, excels at translating scientific research into clinically actionable test results based upon a deep understanding of the human genome and the biology behind genetic disease. Our unparalleled track record of discoveries over 20 years, and growing database that continues to expand in collaboration with academic, corporate and pharmaceutical partners, means we are first to market with innovative products and comprehensive analysis that enable clinicians to confidently inform patient health decisions. We care about what happens to real people, their families, and the people they love, and remain dedicated to providing them and their clinicians with deeper knowledge and fresh insights, so together they can make informed, potentially life-altering healthcare decisions. For more information, please visitambrygen.com.

For more information on risk factors for hereditary cancer, please visit cancer.gov's fact sheet on hereditary cancer and genetic testing.

Press Contact:Liz Squire[emailprotected](202) 617-4662

SOURCE Ambry Genetics

See the article here:
Konica Minolta Precision Medicine (KMPM) Company Ambry Genetics Announces Comprehensive COVID-19 Screening, Management, and Testing Program To Help...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Wouldnt it be great to know the optimal diet that successfully makes you lose weight? Or understand your skins natural ability to combat wrinkles and be able to strengthen that ability? Or even better, detect that you have a high risk of cancer and be able to prevent rather than treat it?

The good news you can do all these things and more all it takes is a simple saliva swab.

Were talking aboutCircle DNA, the worlds most comprehensive DNA test that delivers over 500 personalised reports on categories such as disease risk, food sensitivity, and even your personality and behavioural traits. Its backed by Chinese stars G.E.M., Gigi Leung, and Vanness Wu, and it might just be the health and wellness solution of the future.

We decided to delve a little deeper and met up with CEO and Co-founder Danny Yeung to find out more. Read on to discover how he started, what it takes to be in the genetic-testing industry and most importantly, does it actually work?

Circle DNA is was started out in 2014 as a university spin-off, by team of professors focused in genetics and clinical research. The team of 150 consists of scientists, engineers, genetic counsellors, health coaches and more; and we have officesin London, Singapore, Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur, Johannesburg, and more.

With a simple saliva sample you can uncover different things about yourself your genetic blueprint. Things like how to optimise your diet and nutrition, stress profile, pharmacogenetics (your response to drugs), as well as more serious items related to health. It can identify your genetic risk for cancers and diseases: dementia, Alzheimers and Parkinsons. Even for family planning: if youre looking to have a child, you can check if you or your partner have any genetic conditions that may or may not pass on to your unborn baby.

You can have a full profile of yourself so you can understand what you need to watch out for, areas that need attention and areas that can be optimised its optimised wellbeing.

We are focused on health and prevention. We believe everyone should have the power to understand this information. And once you have this information, this is where you can make changes to your diet and lifestyle, ultimately delaying diseases and cancers.

Circle of life! Its our direct consumer genetics testing brand, so we wanted to have a name that people would relate to and can remember, and ultimately understand what we do straight away.

The best days are when we launch a product, or when we interview passionate potential employees that eventually join us. New partnerships or distribution deals, too. These are good days. But I do think that we make good progress every day, so I guess, theyre all good days. Ultimately what drives us is that we are making a difference for society. Were making a difference to someones health, to their family and potentially the next generation.

I dont know if there is a worst day. I have a very optimistic viewpoint naturally. Its something that comes with being an entrepreneur, I think. Every day has its ups and downs; the challenge is how you get through them.

When Im not at work, I like to spend time with my daughter. Shes five years old. We like to take her out to play. Recently, weve been spending a lot of time on the South Side and we go to the beach.

Not really. As an entrepreneur, you always have to be switched on. So throughout my life, or at least in the last 15 years since becoming an entrepreneur, its been a big part of me, always making sure Im available. So I never switch off fully.

I look at things with a very logical and optimistic perspective so I dont get stressed much, either. I try not to dwell on things, especially things I cant control.

Everything that we have done is part of the learning process. Do I regret anything? No. Were moving in the right direction. The reason we launched Circle (DNA) now, as opposed to 4, 3 or 2 years ago, is because health and wellness has only become a much bigger topic in the last year or two. People are more aware now. So launching now, people already have a good idea.

In the health industry, you have to be a little more patient. It takes time to gain traction. Also, there are certain regulatory aspects, government approvals, lab certifications and a lot of different things that you have to do properly. At the end of the day, its about peoples health, so you want to make sure youre doing everything you can to make sure youre providing the best information to people.

Also, you need to have different stakeholders. Different partners. People that can help get the word out about health. You need to have different parties involved.

Lastly, find out your unique selling proposition, whatever business youre in. If you dont have one, then you shouldnt go into business. A lot of people dont realise that.

Actually, I always wanted to be an entrepreneur. I knew that I wanted to have my own business. I didnt know that it would be this, but I knew I wanted to do my own thing. Thats why I started working really young. I started when I was 15! Or at least thats when I was getting paid. I started working at a baseball card shop when I was 12 and the owner paid me in baseball cards.

I wouldnt say hurdle, but the biggest challenge, even now, is education. Theres still a lot of misinformation about what genetic testing can do. Theres are people who are like, I dont want to know because they think its like a paternity test. But the technology has evolved to be much more than that, so awareness and education for genetic testing is still very important.

Weve been able to do that somewhat, and have utilised three celebrities G.E.M., Vanness Wu and Gigi Leung who have come on board as our ambassadors. G.E.M., who is also an investor of the company, is putting her own personal name on it. It helps to create awareness, but its a continuous challenge. Were still quite new to this space. I mean, in the US, roughly 8% of the population have done a genetic test. Here, in Asia, its only about 0.08%. So you can see the growth opportunity is massive.

I think there are a lot of innovations in health and AI. Better solutions. There is still a lot of opportunity here. For instance turning something invasive into non-invasive. These are areas that are worth looking into.

There may be people that already consider me successful, but I dont look at it that way. I still feel we have a very long way to go. Were maybe at 1% of where we should be, but it has been a great journey thus far. Weve been making the right strategic moves, we have the right investors, the right partnerships and the right business model. Now, we have to just scale and execute.

Ultimately we want to impact millions of people here in Asia. Once we reach a million people, then I might say, Hey, were on to something. But after that, Ill have more goals.

For our technology, the first thing to note is that we utilise whole exome sequencing, while our competitors utilise a technology called genotyping. The problem with genotyping is youre only looking at a snip of a gene. Youre not looking at the whole gene, so youre likely to miss a lot. In fact, a recentstudyrevealed that genotyping companies have a 85% false positive rate. Which means if they provide any positive results, 85% of the time, its wrong.

Meanwhile, our test has also been externally validated by CUHK, the Croucher Laboratoryfor HumanGenomics, for analytical accuracy at 99.9%. Accuracy to determine that gender mutation does exist in your body.

Im a prime example. About three years ago, I actually detected that I have an increased risk of colon cancer. So of course, I was quite scared and shocked because I dont have a family history of cancer. In fact, 40-50% of people who have genetic mutations do not have a history.

It was because of that risk that I modified my diet and lifestyle. I cut out red meat and lost over 20 pounds over the last 3 years. And I also started early screening at 37 years of age. I wouldnt have done it if I didnt get those results. I would have most likely waited until age 50, which is the global recommendation for screening. But for someone like me with an increased risk, that may have been too late for me.

Thats a bold statement to make, but I can certainly say that our tests can definitely delay or help people to prevent diseases and cancers, therefore saving lives.

For more information about Circle DNA, visit their websitehere.

(Main image: Unsplash, Photos: Circle DNA)

This story first appeared on Prestige Hong Kong.

Read more from the original source:
Danny Yeung of Circle DNA: Genetic testing can help prevent and reduce health concerns - Prestige Online

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

New RT-PCR testing partnership to supplement existing testing capabilities across Pac-12 athletics departments

SAN FRANCISCO The Pac-12 today announced a conference-wide surveillance testing partnership for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) with Fulgent Genetics (NASDAQ: FLGT) as part of its on-going student-athlete health & well-being initiatives (SAHWBI) efforts. Under the partnership, Fulgent Genetics will provide RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) testing capabilities to supplement existing PCR and antigen testing capabilities across each Pac-12 athletics department. The partnership follows and is in addition to the Pac-12s recently announced partnership with Quidel Corporation for daily rapid-results testing capabilities (point-of-care).

We are excited to be partnering with a leading testing company in Fulgent to provide our athletic departments with the very best capabilities to protect the health and well-being of our student-athletes, said Pac-12 Commissioner Larry Scott. On the heels of our agreement with Quidel to provide rapid-results testing, todays announcement represents another important step in providing a safe and healthy environment for a return to competition for our student-athletes.

Dr. Doug Aukerman, senior associate athletics director for Oregon State and chair of the Pac-12 SAHWBI added: Providing additional resources at the level of what Fulgent Genetics offers is a tremendous addition for our athletics departments and staff as we continue to strive for the most secure and safe environment for our student-athletes return to play.

Routine, rapid testing is playing a key role in limiting the spread of COVID-19 and is helping to keep players, coaches and staff safe as they look to return to competition. The Pac-12 has implemented several protocols in this area, and the RT-PCR testing provided by Fulgent Genetics is an important part of this process, said Brandon Perthuis, Chief Commercial Officer of Fulgent Genetics. RT-PCR is regarded as the gold standard in COVID-19 testing, providing the highest level of sensitivity and specificity. At Fulgent, we have built technology platforms around our test to make it scalable for the Pac-12, which allows us to deliver results within 24 hours of receipt of the sample for testing. We are excited to partner with the Pac-12 and look forward to helping keep their athletic programs running safely.

Each Pac-12 institution currently has RT-PCR testing practices and protocols in place for their athletics departments. With the new partnership, Fulgent Genetics will be able to serve as a supplemental resource for each athletics department. The RT-PCR testing program from Fulgent Genetics will be driven by the new Fulgent Enterprise COVID-19 Screening Platform, which provides an end-to-end solution for routine and repeat testing, including onsite testing for student-athletes and staff, 24-hour results and mobile delivery and interface.

For more information about COVID-19 testing options from Fulgent Genetics please visit fulgentgenetics.com/COVID19.

About the Pac-12 Student-Athlete Health and Well-Being Initiative

Created in 2013, the Pac-12 Student-Athlete Health and Well-Being Initiative (SAHWBI) is a collective effort between the Pac-12 and all 12 member universities to find ways to reduce injuries, share current best practices and latest studies and conduct research to uncover new ways to keep student-athletes as safe as possible. For more information, go to Pac-12.com/health.

Aboutthe Pac-12 Conference

The Conference has a tradition as the Conference of Champions, leading the nation in NCAA Championships in 54 of the last 60 years, with 529NCAA team titles overall. The Conference comprises 12 leading U.S. universities - the University of Arizona, Arizona State University, the University of California,Berkeley, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), the University of Colorado, the University of Oregon, Oregon State University, Stanford University, the University of Southern California, the University of Utah, the University of Washington and Washington State University. For more information on the Conferences programs, member institutions, and Commissioner Larry Scott, go toPac-12.com/conference.

About Fulgent Genetics

Fulgent Genetics is a growing technology company with an initial focus on offering comprehensive genetic testing to provide physicians with clinically actionable diagnostic information they can use to improve the quality of patient care. The company has developed a proprietary technology platform that integrates sophisticated data comparison and suppression algorithms, adaptive learning software, advanced genetic diagnostics tools and integrated laboratory processes. This platform allows the company to offer a broad and flexible test menu and continually expand and improve its proprietary genetic reference library, while maintaining accessible pricing, high accuracy and competitive turnaround times. The company believes its current test menu, which includes approximately 18,000 single-gene tests and more than 850 pre-established, multi-gene, disease-specific panels, offers more genes for testing than its competitors in todays market, which enables it to provide expansive options for test customization and clinically actionable results.

Continue reading here:
Pac-12 adds to RT-PCR COVID-19 testing capabilities with Fulgent Genetics partnership - Pac-12.com

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Californias Genetic Information Privacy Act (SB 980), vetoed on September 25, 2020 by Governor Gavin Newsom, would have established obligations for direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing companies and others that collect or process genetic information. Although the bill did not become law, its near enactment is another example of the growing trend towards increased government focus on genetic information.

SB 980

California may still see a DTC genetic testing law soon. Governor Newsom stated in his message accompanying the veto that he shares the perspective that the sensitive nature of human genetic data warrants strong privacy protections, but is concerned that the broad language in the bill risked unintended consequences. For example, he recognized that the opt in provisions of the bill might interfere with laboratories reporting requirements related to COVID-19 testing.

The bills veto reflects a disagreement over the details of how best to safeguard genetic information rather than disagreement with the principles of the bill. Governor Newsom is directing the California Health and Human Services Agency and the Department of Public Health to work with the Legislature on a solution that achieves the privacy aims of the bill while preventing inadvertent impacts on COVID-19 testing efforts. There is apparent appetite to get the bill passed in some form, with SB 980s author, California State Senator Tom Umberg, publicly stating he will work with the governors office to craft a new bill quickly.

The drafting and progression of SB 980 in California highlights the movement of state legislatures towards increased regulation of the collection, use, and disclosure of genetic information. If signed, SB 980 would have required DTC genetic testing companies to comply with certain privacy and data security provisions, including providing consumers with prescribed notice, obtaining consumers express consent regarding the collection, use, and disclosure of genetic data, and enabling consumers to access and delete their genetic information.

Legal Landscape

Historically, the laws and guidance surrounding genetic privacy focused on prohibiting discrimination, requiring testing of newborns for certain conditions, or requiring consent prior to conducting genetic tests. These laws have traditionally applied to insurers, employers, laboratories, and health care providers and included exceptions necessary for research, treatment, or required regulatory reporting. A number of states already have laws that broadly apply to genetic information or genetic testing and require explicit consent for the collection of genetic information, running of genetic tests, retention of genetic samples and information, and/or disclosure of genetic information.

There also appears to be a trend towards incorporating protections for genetic information into broader lawmaking efforts. In the past few years, a number of states have introduced bills, and some have passed laws, to create new genetic privacy laws or amend existing genetic privacy and breach notification laws to cover consumer genetic testing activities, strengthen notice and consent requirements, and increase the penalties for violations. Additionally, state consumer privacy laws and state biometric privacy laws are increasingly including genetic information in their definitions of protected information.

Federal Activity

Genetic data is becoming part of the federal privacy debate. For example, earlier this year, explicit notice and consent requirements for the use and disclosure of genetic information were included in a number of federal coronavirus relief bills. Federal proposals frequently include genetic information in definitions of sensitive information, such as Senator Roger Wickers bill, the SAFE DATA Act, that would create new privacy notice requirements, provide for injunctive relief, and establish a victim relief fund to compensate consumers for privacy violations.

In addition, over the past few years, federal regulators have been keeping a close eye on DTC genetic offerings. The Federal Trade Commission issued guidance on consumer genetic testing in 2017 and 2019 and the Food and Drug Administration published DTC guidance in 2018. Around the same time, a number of genetic testing companies worked with the Future of Privacy Forum to develop Privacy Best Practices for Consumer Genetic Testing Services, which sought to establish industry-based standards for genetic data generated in the consumer context.

Comprehensive Data Protection Laws

As SB 980 illustrates, there is a growing trend by state and federal law makers to increase regulation of genetic information and cover non-traditional entities like DTC companies. The market for DTC genetic testing has expanded dramatically in recent years with advances in testing capabilities, increased DTC offerings, and more people using at-home DNA tests to explore their genetic predispositions, family history, and ancestry. Advances in genetic sequencing and analysis technologies coupled with the current pandemic have highlighted the positive impact that rapid testing and identification of genetic variants can have for the identification of diseases, patient testing, and development of new treatments. At the same time, the prevalence of consumer testing and sensitivity of genetic information have also heightened public and legislator scrutiny of genetic privacy practices. Although this particular bill will not be enacted, entities that collect, use, or disclose genetic information can use this as opportunity to evaluate their current practices and prepare for likely changes ahead.

More:
California Governor vetoes bill to establish the Genetic Information Privacy Act - Lexology

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Prenatal-and-Newborn-Genetic-Testing-Market

Global Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Market 2020 research report presents analysis of market size, share, and growth, trends, cost structure, statistical and comprehensive data of the global market. Research reports analyses the major opportunities, CAGR, yearly growth rates to help the readers to understand the qualitative and quantitative aspects of theGlobal Prenatal and Newborn Genetic TestingMarket. The competition landscape, company overview, financials, recent developments and long-term investments related to theGlobal Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Marketare mentioned in this report.

The key segments covered in this report are geographical segments, end-use/application segments, and competitor segments. The local segment, regional supply, application, and wise demand, major players, prices are also available by 2025. Global Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Market are mentioned in the competition landscape, company overview, financials, recent developments and long-term investments.

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Top Key players profiled in the Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing market report include:Roche Diagnostic, Elitech Group, Myriad Genetics, Biocartis, IntegraGen, Perkin Elmer, WaferGen Biosystem, Interpace Diagnostics, Quest Diagnostic, Bio-Rad, AutoGenomics, Abbott, Cepheid, EKF Diagnostics, Natera, Agilent Technologies, Illumina, Ariosa Diagnostics, Sequenom and More

Market Segment By Type:Array-Comparative Genetic Hybridization (aCGH)Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization (FISH)Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)Market Segment By Application:HospitalsDiagnostic Organization

global Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing market report also highlights key insights on the factors that drive the growth of the market as well as key challenges that are required to Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing market growth in the projection period. Here provide the perspectives for the impact of COVID-19 from the long and short term. Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing market contain the influence of the crisis on the industry chain, especially for marketing channels. Update the industry economic revitalization plan of the country-wise government.

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Other Important Key Points of Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Market:

Years Considered to Estimate the Market Size:History Year: 2015-2019Base Year: 2019Estimated Year: 2020Forecast Year: 2020-2025

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Detailed TOC of Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Market Report 2020-2025:Chapter 1: Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Market OverviewChapter 2: Economic Impact on IndustryChapter 3: Market Competition by ManufacturersChapter 4: Production, Revenue (Value) by RegionChapter 5: Supply (Production), Consumption, Export, Import by RegionsChapter 6: Production, Revenue (Value), Price Trend by TypeChapter 7: Market Analysis by ApplicationChapter 8: Manufacturing Cost AnalysisChapter 9: Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream BuyersChapter 10: Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/TradersChapter 11: Market Effect Factors AnalysisChapter 12: Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Market ForecastContinued

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Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Market 2020: Potential growth, attractive valuation make it is a long-term investment | Know the COVID19 Impact |...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

The Lieber family, based in Roxborough, was recently presented the Communications Champion Brighter Futures award by Philadelphias Department of Behavior Health and Intellectual disABILITY Services in honor of their leadership in the community and dedication to their son Ethan.

Ethan was diagnosed as deaf or hard of hearing at age 2. His family immediately sprang into action, seeking out all that he would need to be successful. They enrolled him in Clarke Philadelphias Early Intervention Program where he began his journey toward learning to listen and speak.

The Liebers wondered why Ethan had a hearing loss unlike any other family members and decided to participate in genetic testing where they learned Ethans hearing loss was likely a component of Hunter Syndrome.

Ethan is one of 500 boys in the United States with Hunter Syndrome, an extremely rare genetic disease caused by a missing or malfunctioning enzyme. Shortly after Ethan was diagnosed, the Liebers expanded their advocacy efforts nationally in partnership with Sock-it 2 Hunter Syndrome Foundation. They remain committed to advocating for life-changing research funds and are dedicated to supporting families on a similar path.

Even in the toughest moments, the Lieber family perseveres in supporting their son Ethan so that he can just be a kid, explains Judy Sexton, director of Clarke Schools for Hearing and Speech in Philadelphia.

Ethan uses hearing aids and is a recent graduate of Clarke Philadelphia where he was taught the listening, learning and spoken language skills needed to succeed alongside his peers with typical hearing. During Ethans four years at Clarke Philadelphia, his dad, Steve, was a regular in the classroom where he created STEM with Steve, a science-based curriculum that presented an engaging learning experience for Ethan and his friends at Clarke.

This fall, Ethan is continuing his academic journey in kindergarten at Stratford Friends in Newtown Square.

"The Liebers continue to embrace the support of Clarke, the Hunter Syndrome community, Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and their Jewish community, explains Jeana Novak, early intervention coordinator at Clarke Philadelphia. Through their unending optimism, they have infused each of these groups with the belief that every day brings something to celebrate and something to share.

Continue reading here:
One of 500 boys with Hunter Syndrome and his family win award - Montgomery Newspapers

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

The report is an all-inclusive research study of the global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing market taking into account the growth factors, recent trends, developments, opportunities, and competitive landscape. The market analysts and researchers have done extensive analysis of the global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing market with the help of research methodologies such as PESTLE and Porters Five Forces analysis. They have provided accurate and reliable market data and useful recommendations with an aim to help the players gain an insight into the overall present and future market scenario. The Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing report comprises in-depth study of the potential segments including product type, application, and end user and their contribution to the overall market size.

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Competitive landscape is a critical aspect every key player needs to be familiar with. The report throws light on the competitive scenario of the global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing market to know the competition at both the domestic and global levels. Market experts have also offered the outline of every leading player of the global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing market, considering the key aspects such as areas of operation, production, and product portfolio. Additionally, companies in the Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing report are studied based on the key factors such as company size, market share, market growth, revenue, production volume, and profits.

segment by Type, the product can be split intoPCRFISHaCGHNIPTMSSMarket segment by Application, split intoHospitalClinicOthers

Market segment by Regions/Countries, this report coversNorth AmericaEuropeChinaJapanSoutheast AsiaIndiaCentral & South America

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The Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing report has been segregated based on distinct categories, such as product type, application, end user, and region. Each and every segment is evaluated on the basis of CAGR, share, and growth potential. In the regional analysis, the report highlights the prospective region, which is estimated to generate opportunities in the global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing market in the forthcoming years. This segmental analysis will surely turn out to be a useful tool for the readers, stakeholders, and market participants to get a complete picture of the global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing market and its potential to grow in the years to come.

Highlights of the Report

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Table of Contents Covered in the Report:

1 Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Market Overview

1 Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Product Overview

1.2 Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Market Segment by Type

1.3 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Market Size by Type

1.3.1 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Sales and Growth by Type

1.3.2 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Sales and Market Share by Type (2015-2020)

1.3.3 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Revenue and Market Share by Type (2015-2020)

1.3.4 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Price by Type (2015-2020)

2 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Market Competition by Company

1 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Sales and Market Share by Company (2015-2020)

2.2 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Revenue and Share by Company (2015-2020)

2.3 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Price by Company (2015-2020)

2.4 Global Top Players Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Types

2.5 Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Market Competitive Situation and Trends

2.5.1 Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Market Concentration Rate

2.5.2 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Market Share of Top 5 and Top 10 Players

2.5.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Company Profiles and Sales Data

1 China Shipping Container Lines

3.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

3.1.2 Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Product Category, Application and Specification

3.1.3 China Shipping Container Lines Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin(2015-2020)

3.1.4 Main Business Overview

4 Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Market Status and Outlook by Regions

1 Global Market Status and Outlook by Regions

4.1.1 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Market Size and CAGR by Regions

4.1.2 North America

4.1.3 Asia-Pacific

4.1.4 Europe

4.1.5 South America

4.1.6 Middle East and Africa

4.2 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Sales and Revenue by Regions

4.2.1 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Sales and Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

4.2.2 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

4.2.3 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

4.3 North America Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin

4.3.1 United States

4.3.2 Canada

4.3.3 Mexico

4.4 Europe Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin

4.4.1 Germany

4.4.2 UK

4.4.3 France

4.4.4 Italy

4.4.5 Russia

4.4.6 Turkey

4.5 Asia-Pacific Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin

4.5.1 China

4.5.2 Japan

4.5.3 Korea

4.5.4 Southeast Asia

4.5.4.1 Indonesia

4.5.4.2 Thailand

4.5.4.3 Malaysia

4.5.4.4 Philippines

4.5.4.5 Vietnam

4.5.5 India

4.5.6 Australia

4.6 South America Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin

4.6.1 Brazil

4.7 Middle East and Africa Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin

4.7.1 Egypt

4.7.2 GCC Countries

5 Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Application/End Users

1 Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Segment by Application

5.2 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Product Segment by Application

5.2.1 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Sales by Application

5.2.2 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Sales and Market Share by Application (2015-2020)

6 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Market Forecast

1 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Sales, Revenue Forecast (2020-2026)

6.1.1 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2026)

6.1.1 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2026)

6.2 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Forecast by Regions

6.2.1 North America Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Sales and Revenue Forecast (2020-2026)

6.2.2 Europe Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Sales and Revenue Forecast (2020-2026)

6.2.3 Asia-Pacific Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Sales and Revenue Forecast (2020-2026)

6.2.3.1 China

6.2.3.2 Japan

6.2.3.3 Korea

6.2.3.4 Southeast Asia

6.2.3.5 India

6.2.3.6 Australia

6.2.4 South America Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Sales and Revenue Forecast (2020-2026)

6.2.5 Middle East and Africa Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Sales and Revenue Forecast (2020-2026)

6.2.5.1 Egypt

6.2.5.2 GCC Countries

6.3 Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Forecast by Type

6.3.1 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Sales and Revenue Forecast by Type (2020-2026)

6.4 Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Forecast by Application

View original post here:
Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Market Projected to Discern Stable Expansion During 2020-2025 - The Daily Chronicle

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Chicago, United States: The report on Global Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Market provides the complete overview of the several key segments of the market. Report provides accurate calculation and qualitative analysis. Report gives the in depth analysis on various factors, for example market size, segmentations, competitive landscapes, geographical regions and end users. Regional analysis provides a systematic knowledge about the opportunities in business, market status & forecast, possibility of generating revenue, regional market by different end users as well as types and future forecast of upcoming years. The report entitled Global Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Market 2020 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2026 released by Report Hive Research comprises an assessment of the market which provides the real-time market scenario and its projections during 2020 to 2026 time-period [5 Years Forecast].

The report offers an understanding of the demographic changes that took place in recent years. The report presents an analysis of market size, share, growth, trends, statistical and comprehensive facts of the global Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing market. This research study presents informative information and in-depth evaluation of the market and its segments based totally on technology, geography, region, and applications.

>>>>The study encompasses profiles of major companies operating in the global Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Market. Key players profiled in the report include: Roche Diagnostic, Elitech Group, Myriad Genetics, Biocartis, IntegraGen, Perkin Elmer, WaferGen Biosystem, Interpace Diagnostics, Quest Diagnostic, Bio-Rad, AutoGenomics, Abbott, Cepheid, EKF Diagnostics, Natera, Agilent Technologies, Illumina, Ariosa Diagnostics, Sequenom

Drivers And Risks:

The report covers the basic dynamics of the global Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing market. It scrutinizes several data and figures, and numerous volume trends. A number of potential growth factors, risks, restraints, challenges, market developments, opportunities, strengths, and weaknesses have been highlighted. Another factor affecting market growth has also been included in the report.

Regional Analysis:

The report comprises of regional development status, covering all the major regions of the world. This regional status shows the size (in terms of value and volume), and price data for the global Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing market. The development of the industry is assessed with information on the current status of the industry in various regions. Data type assessed concerning various regions includes capacity, production, market share, price, revenue, cost, gross, gross margin, growth rate, consumption, import, export, etc.

Regional coverage: North America (United States, Canada and Mexico), Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia), South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia etc.), Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)

The key questions answered in the report:

* What will be the market size and growth rate in the forecast year?

* What are the key factors driving the Global Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Market?

* What are the risks and challenges in front of the market?

* Who are the key vendors in the Global Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Market?

* What are the trending factors influencing the market shares?

* What are the key outcomes of Porters five forces model?

* Which are the global opportunities for expanding the Global Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Market?

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Table of Contents:

Reasons for Buying this Report:

* This report provides pin-point analysis for changing competitive dynamics

* It provides a forward looking perspective on different factors driving or restraining market growth

* It provides a six-year forecast assessed on the basis of how the market is predicted to grow

* It helps in understanding the key product segments and their future

* It provides pin point analysis of changing competition dynamics and keeps you ahead of competitors

* It helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments

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Originally posted here:
2020 Current Trends In Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Market Share, Growth, Demand, Trends, Region Wise Analysis Of Top Players And Forecasts...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Developing knowledge about genetic systems for identification of chromosomal variations from the norm and fetus screening for effective IVF holds development prospects for this vertical over the estimate time frame. Early discovery of the chromosomal maladies, which holds potential for lowering the quantity of individuals experiencing intrinsic ailments, PGD can be performed for screening of a scope of restorative conditions, for example, Downs syndrome, inheritable illnesses and qualities of other physiological anomaly. Expanding tolerant awareness about PGD system and rising predominance of hereditary issue among newborn children has prompted the ascent sought after for PGD alongside IVF methodology. The mix of PGD and IVF has enhanced the rate of fruitful pregnancy because of decreased odds of passing the undesired hereditary material in the developing life. Thus decreases the quantity of offsprings conceived with acquired chromosomal variations from the norm. This can be credited to the expanded interest for Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) administrations.

The scope of the report includes a detailed study of global and regional markets on Global Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market with the reasons given for variations in the growth of the industry in certain regions.

You Can Browse Full Report @: https://www.marketresearchengine.com/preimplantation-genetic-testing-market

The Global Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market is expected to exceed more than US$ 650 Million by 2024 at a CAGR of 10% in the given forecast period.

The report covers detailed competitive outlook including the market share and company profiles of the key participants operating in the global market. Key players profiled in the report include Illumina, Inc. (U.S.), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (U.S.), Agilent Technologies, Inc. (U.S.), PerkinElmer, Inc. (U.S.), Cooper Surgical, Inc. (U.S.), and Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI) (China) Company profile includes assign such as company summary, financial summary, business strategy and planning, SWOT analysis and current developments.

The Global Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market is segmented on the lines of its technology, product & service, procedure type, application, end user and regional. Based on technology segmentation it covers next generation sequencing (NGS), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Based on product & service segmentation it covers reagents & consumables, instruments, software & services. Based on procedure type segmentation it covers preimplantation genetic screening, preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Based on application segmentation it covers aneuploidy, structural chromosomal abnormalities, and single gene disorders, x-linked disorders, hla typing, gender identification. Based on end user segmentation it covers maternity centers & fertility clinics, hospitals, diagnostic labs, and service providers, research laboratories & academic institutes. The Global Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market on geographic segmentation covers various regions such as North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa. Each geographic market is further segmented to provide market revenue for select countries such as the U.S., Canada, U.K. Germany, China, Japan, India, Brazil, and GCC countries.

The Global Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market has been segmented as below:

The Global Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market is Segmented on the lines of Technology Analysis, Product & Service Analysis, Procedure Type Analysis, Application Analysis, End User Analysis and Regional Analysis. By Technology Analysis this market is segmented on the basis of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization (FISH), Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP). By Product & Service Analysis this market is segmented on the basis of Reagents & Consumables, Instruments and Software & Services. By Procedure Type Analysis this market is segmented on the basis of Preimplantation Genetic Screening and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis.

By Application Analysis this market is segmented on the basis of Aneuploidy, Structural Chromosomal Abnormalities its covers Translocations, Deletions, Duplications & Inversions. Single Gene Disorders, X-linked Disorders, HLA Typing and Gender Identification. By End User Analysis this market is segmented on the basis of Maternity Centers & Fertility Clinics sector, Hospitals, Diagnostic Labs, and Service Providers sector and Research Laboratories & Academic Institutes sector. By Regional Analysis this market is segmented on the basis of North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of the World.

This report provides:

1) An overview of the global market for Global Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market and related technologies.2) Analyses of global market trends, with data from 2015, estimates for 2016 and 2017, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2024.3) Identifications of new market opportunities and targeted promotional plans for Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market.4) Discussion of research and development, and the demand for new products and new applications.5) Comprehensive company profiles of major players in the industry.

The major driving factors of Global Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market are as follows:

The restraining factors of Global Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market are as follows:

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Table of Contents

1 Introduction

1.1 KEY TAKE AWAYS1.2 REPORT DESCRIPTION1.3 MARKETS COVERED1.4 STAKEHOLDERS1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY1.5.1 MARKET SIZE1.5.2 MARKET SHARE1.5.3 KEY DATA POINTS FROM SECONDARY SOURCES1.5.4 KEY DATA POINTS FROM PRIMARY SOURCES

2 Research Methodology

3 Executive Summary

4 Premium Insights

5 Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market: Overview

6 Industry Insights

7 Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening Market, By Procedure Type

8 Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening Market, By Technology

9 Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening Market, By Product and Service

10 Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening Market, By Application

11 Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening Market, By End User

12 Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Screening Market, By Region

13 Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market: Competitive Landscape

14 Company Profiles

14.1 Top Product Manufacturers

14.1.1 Illumina, Inc.

14.1.2 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.

14.1.3 Agilent Technologies, Inc.

14.1.4 Perkinelmer, Inc.

14.1.5 Coopersurgical, Inc. (A Subsidiary of the Cooper Companies, Inc.)

14.1.6 ABBott Laboratories

14.1.7 Natera, Inc.

14.1.8 Rubicon Genomics (A Subsidiary of Takara Bio Usa Holdings, Inc.)

14.1.9 Oxford Gene Technology

14.1.10 Yikon Genomics

14.1.11 Scigene

14.2 Top Service Provider Companies

14.2.1 Beijing Genomics Institute

14.2.2 Good Start Genetics, Inc.

14.2.3 Invicta Genetics

14.2.4 Combimatrix Corporation

14.2.5 Genea Limited

14.2.6 Progenesis

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See the article here:
Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market Industry Insights, Drivers, Top Trends, Global Analysis And Forecast to 2027 - The Daily Chronicle

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith