The global Cancer Gene Therapy Market, which is extensively assessed in the report contemplates the best need development angles and how they could affect the market over the figure residency under thought. The experts have taken careful endeavors to thoroughly evaluating every development factor of the market, other than indicating how certain market restrictions could represent a danger to players in the coming years. In addition, the report additionally gives data on top patterns and openings and how players could take advantage of them to take up the difficulties in the Cancer Gene Therapy Market. This could be a helpful rule for players to concrete their situation in the business or make a rebound in the market.

The Leading Market Players Covered in this Report are : Adaptimmune, GlaxoSmithKline, Bluebird bio, Merck, Celgene, Shanghai Sunway Biotech .

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Impact of Covid-19 in Cancer Gene Therapy Market:The utility-owned segment is mainly being driven by increasing financial incentives and regulatory supports from the governments globally. The current utility-owned Cancer Gene Therapy are affected primarily by the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the projects in China, the US, Germany, and South Korea are delayed, and the companies are facing short-term operational issues due to supply chain constraints and lack of site access due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Asia-Pacific is anticipated to get highly affected by the spread of the COVID-19 due to the effect of the pandemic in China, Japan, and India. China is the epic center of this lethal disease. China is a major country in terms of the chemical industry.

Key Businesses Segmentation of Cancer Gene Therapy MarketOn the basis on the end users/applications,this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, Cancer Gene Therapy market share and growth rate of Cancer Gene Therapy foreach application, including-

On the basis of product,this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, Cancer Gene Therapy market share and growth rate ofeach type, primarily split into-

Cancer Gene Therapy Market Regional Analysis Includes: Asia-Pacific(Vietnam, China, Malaysia, Japan, Philippines, Korea, Thailand, India, Indonesia, and Australia) Europe(Turkey, Germany, Russia UK, Italy, France, etc.) North America(the United States, Mexico, and Canada.) South America(Brazil etc.) The Middle East and Africa(GCC Countries and Egypt.)

Key Highlights of the Table of Contents:Cancer Gene Therapy Market Study Coverage:It includes key market segments, key manufacturers covered, the scope of products offered in the years considered, global Cancer Gene Therapy market and study objectives. Additionally, it touches the segmentation study provided in the report on the basis of the type of product and applications.Cancer Gene Therapy Market Executive summary:This section emphasizes the key studies, market growth rate, competitive landscape, market drivers, trends, and issues in addition to the macroscopic indicators.Cancer Gene Therapy Market Production by Region:The report delivers data related to import and export, revenue, production, and key players of all regional markets studied are covered in this section.Cancer Gene Therapy Market Profile of Manufacturers:Analysis of each market player profiled is detailed in this section. This segment also provides SWOT analysis, products, production, value, capacity, and other vital factors of the individual player.

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Key Questions Answered: To gain insightful analyses of the Cancer Gene Therapy market and have a comprehensive understanding of the global market and its commercial landscape. Assess the production processes, major issues, and solutions to mitigate the development risk. To understand the most affecting driving and restraining forces in the market and its impact on the global Cancer Gene Therapy market. Learn about the Cancer Gene Therapy market strategies that are being adopted by leading respective organizations. To understand the future outlook and prospects for the market. Besides the standard structure reports, we also provide custom research according to specific requirements.

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Cancer Gene Therapy Market Is Expected to Foresee an Outstanding Growth by 2020-2021 - Owned

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Sept. 11 (UPI) -- A second spacecraft designed by Northrop Grumman to extend the life of satellites in orbit is headed toward a rescue some 22,200 miles above Earth.

The spacecraft is part of Northrop's new in-orbit services. Analysts and observers predict such services will grow into a multibillion-dollar market over the next 10 years.

Northrop is the first commercial service to enable private space companies to extend the life of large, expensive satellites past their life expectancy as designed.

"Satellite operators have few options when a satellite is aging, and they are all expensive [options]," said Joe Anderson, a vice president with Northrop subsidiary SpaceLogistics based in Dulles, Va.

The company's rescue satellite, Mission Extension Vehicle-2, or MEV-2, was launched Aug. 15 from the European Space Agency's Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana, South America.

The launch began a seven-month journey to a rendezvous with a communication satellite, Intelsat 10-02. Sent aloft in 2004, the satellite provides service to customers of for Intelsat Corp., whose administrative center is in McLean, Va.

Once it clamps onto the Intelsat, the MEV will become a new engine for the satellite, which is running low on fuel. The Northrop spacecraft will keep the satellite in the proper orbit and pointed toward Earth, Anderson said.

The first MEV spacecraft, launched in October 2019, is operating successfully as a new, supplemental engine for another Intelsat satellite, Intelsat 901, which was launched in 2001, according to Northrop and Intelsat.

That satellite reached the end of its lifespan and had been moved to the so-called graveyard orbit, which is about 300 miles higher than any functional satellites.

The incentive to rescue such large communications satellites is their high cost -- between $150 million and $300 million, Anderson said.

While he declined to reveal the cost of Northrop's MEV units, Anderson said the company intends to sell in-orbit services at a price that is attractive to satellite companies.

Intelsat previously reported in filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission that it would pay about $13 million per year, or $65 million for five years, for MEV-1.

If a company can put off the cost to build and launch a new satellite for five years, it can invest that money in other projects, making the life-extension service a valuable route, Anderson said.

Northrop will own and operate the MEV craft through SpaceLogistics. After the five-year missions for Intelsat, the MEV units can extend their work or move to other missions, Anderson said.

The MEVs are powered by electric engines energized by solar panels to raise their own orbit and control the Intelsat satellites, along with hydrazine chemical propulsion to rendezvous with their target satellites, Anderson said.

The electric thrusters are considered more efficient for such orbital missions, but they take longer to reach high orbit than bigger chemical propulsion engines.

Despite the success of MEV missions, Northrop won't build more similar satellites, but rather develop a new version with more capabilities. It will be known as a Mission Robotic Vehicle, or MRV, Anderson said.

The MRV would carry several life extension "pods" -- small electric engines that can be dispersed among multiple satellites per mission, Anderson said. He said Northrop believes that will boost the cost efficiency of each mission.

Northrop also will design the robotic mothership, the MRV, to inspect satellites and possibly conduct limited repairs, providing more value, he said.

Such expanded robotic spacecraft could be valuable to Intelsat, as well, said Jean-Luc Froeliger, vice president of its space systems engineering operations.

"We are definitely interested in the robotic vehicle under development, although nothing is signed yet," Froeliger said. "We're making revenue from the MEV life extension already, but in the long term, MEV doesn't make sense financially."

The robotic version, MRV, should be more fiscally attractive if it can extend the life of multiple Intelsat satellites for each launch, he said.

"We got the rebate of being the first customer to help get the program started," Froeliger said. "I don't think, long term, it makes good financial business for Northrop or for us to make more MEVs. If it was, we'd have signed up for 10 more."

Extending the life of multiple satellites with one MRV could address Intelsat's aging fleet of 51 operational satellites more efficiently, Froeliger added. That's because it will carry multiple engines -- or pods -- that can be dispersed and attached to multiple Intelsat satellites per mission, not just one.

"Life extension of our satellites is just one more tool in our toolbox to handle our fleet," he said.

Such life extension missions haven't been available in the private sector before, said Dallas Kasaboski, an analyst with Northern Sky Research, based in Cambridge, Mass.

"Governments have repaired or repositioned spacecraft in space for decades, but these Northrop missions are the first truly commercial in-orbit missions of their kind," Kasaboski said.

Spacecraft that extend the life of satellites are just one part of an emerging sector in commercial space known as in-orbit services, Kasaboski said.

The commercial market for such in-orbit services should generate about $3.1 billion over the next decade, based on an analysis his firm released in February.

Many other types of in-orbit services are expected in the coming years, he said.

Those services include "relocation, or repair, especially as governments grapple with the problem of space trash and thousands of new satellites being launched," Kasaboski said.

Although growth is likely for all in-orbit services, life extension itself may remain only a small niche market for years, said Joel Sercel, a technology entrepreneur and founder of Trans Astronautica Corp., a startup based in the Los Angeles area.

"Life extension for satellites might make sense for large communication satellites, an exquisite spy satellite, or a billion-dollar space telescope, but it could be too expensive for smaller satellites," Sercel said.

NASA Astronaut Chris Cassidy, serving as commander of the Expedition 63 mission aboard the International Space Station, took these photos of Hurricane Laura as it continued to strengthen in the Gulf of Mexico on August 25. Photo courtesy of NASA | License Photo

The International Space Station was orbiting over Kazakhstan and into China while the solar eclipse shadowing a portion of the Asian continent was captured by an external high definition camera on June 21. In the left foreground, is the H-II Transfer Vehicle-9 from Japan. Photo courtesy of NASA | License Photo

NASA astronauts Chris Cassidy (L) and Bob Behnken work on U.S. spacesuits inside the ISS's Quest airlock on June 20. The two are slated to conduct spacewalks on June 26 and July 1 to begin the replacement of batteries for one of the power channels on the orbiting laboratory. Photo courtesy of NASA | License Photo

This satellite image from June 14 shows a brush fire, sparked by a vehicle fire, near Bush Highway and Arizona State Route 87. By June 16, nearly 65,000 acres northeast of Phoenix had burned, making the Bush Fire the largest in the state this year and the largest burning now in the United States. Photo courtesy of NASA | License Photo

Tropical Storm Cristobal is pictured on June 7 from the ISS as it was nearing southeastern Louisiana. The orbiting lab was just off the coast of West Palm Beach, Fla., when this photograph was taken. Photo courtesy of NASA

An orbital nighttime view from the ISS as it orbited above the Indian Ocean shows the "aurora australis" and a starry sky with Russia's Progress 74 resupply ship in the foreground on June 7. Photo courtesy of NASA

A waning gibbous moon is pictured just above the Earth's horizon as the ISS orbits over the Atlantic Ocean just off the coast of Angola on June 7. Photo courtesy of NASA

NASA astronauts Doug Hurley (L) and Bob Behnken, who flew SpaceX's Crew Dragon spacecraft to the ISS, briefs mission controllers about their experience in the new vehicle on June 1. Photo courtesy of NASA

SpaceX's Crew Dragon spacecraft, carrying NASA astronauts Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley, is pictured approaching the International Space Station with part of southwestern Turkey, including the coastal city of Demrem, in the background on May 31. Photo courtesy of NASA | License Photo

Somalia's capital city, Mogadishu is seen as the International Space Station passed over the Horn of Africa on February 19. This historic port on the coast of the Indian Ocean is home to more than 2 million people. The red and orange colors in the dune fields are due to natural chemical and weathering processes that left behind traces of iron in the sandy minerals. These dunes stand in contrast to the lightly-colored, calcium carbonate-rich sands near the shore. Photo courtesy of NASA | License Photo

NASA's Juno mission captured this look at Jupiter's tumultuous northern regions during the spacecraft's close approach to the planet on February 17. Notable features in this view are the long, thin bands that run through the center of the image from top to bottom, observed since Juno's first close pass by Jupiter in 2016. The streaks are layers of haze particles that float above the underlying cloud features. Scientists don't yet know precisely what these hazes are made of or how they form. NASA/UPI | License Photo

This image is one of the most photogenic examples of the many turbulent stellar nurseries the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has observed during its 30-year lifetime. The portrait features the giant nebula NGC 2014 and its neighbor NGC 2020, which together form part of a vast star-forming region in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way, about 163,000 light-years away. The image is nicknamed the "Cosmic Reef" because it resembles an undersea world. Photo courtesy of NASA/ESA | License Photo

This Hubble image shows a globular cluster known as NGC 104, or, more commonly, 47 Tucanae, since it is part of the constellation of Tucana (The Toucan) in the southern sky. Scientists using Hubble observed the white dwarfs in the cluster. These dying stars migrate from the crowded center of the cluster to its outskirts. While astronomers knew about this process, they had never seen it in action until the detailed study of 47 Tucanae. Photo courtesy of NASA/ESA | License Photo

MyCn18, a young planetary nebula located about 8,000 light-years away, was imaged with the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 aboard Hubble. This image reveals the true shape of MyCn18 to be an hourglass with an intricate pattern of "etchings" in its walls. This picture has been composed from three separate images taken in the light of ionized nitrogen (represented by red), hydrogen (green), and doubly ionized oxygen (blue). Photo courtesy of NASA/ESA | License Photo

The Eagle Nebula's Pillars of Creation, one of Hubble's most iconic images, shows the pillars as seen in visible light, capturing the multi-colored glow of gas clouds, wispy tendrils of dark cosmic dust, and the rust-colored elephants' trunks of the nebula's famous pillars. With these new images comes better contrast and a clearer view for astronomers to study how the structure of the pillars is changing over time. Photo courtesy of NASA/ESA | License Photo

This image from Hubble shows the dramatic shape and color of the Ring Nebula, otherwise known as Messier 57. From Earth's perspective, the nebula looks like a simple elliptical shape with a shaggy boundary. However, observations combining existing ground-based data with new Hubble data show that the nebula is shaped like a distorted doughnut. Photo courtesy of NASA/ESA | License Photo

This image from Hubble depicts bright blue newly formed stars that are blowing a cavity in the center of a star-forming region known as N90. The dust in the region gives these distant galaxies a reddish-brown tint. Photo courtesy of NASA/ESA | License Photo

The Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) aboard Hubble snapped this image of the planetary nebula, cataloged as NGC 6302, but more popularly called the Bug Nebula or the Butterfly Nebula, on July 27, 2009. NGC 6302 lies within our Milky Way galaxy, roughly 3800 light-years away. The "butterfly" stretches for more than two light-years, which is nearly half the distance from the Sun to the nearest star, Proxima Centauri. Photo courtesy of NASA/ESA | License Photo

Hubble's image of the star V838 Monocerotis (V838 Mon) reveals dramatic changes in the illumination of surrounding dusty cloud structures. The effect, called a light echo, has been unveiling never-before-seen dust patterns ever since the star suddenly brightened for several weeks in early 2002. Photo courtesy of NASA/ESA | License Photo

This picture, taken by the Advanced Camera for Surveys aboard Hubble, shows the upper 2.5 light-years of the Cone Nebula (in NGC 2264), a height that equals 23 million roundtrips to the moon. The entire pillar is seven light-years long. Astronomers believe that these pillars may be incubators for developing stars. The ACS made this observation on April 2, 2002. Photo courtesy of NASA/ESA | License Photo

This composite image, produced by the NASA-NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite, provides a view of the Americas at night. The clouds and sun glint, added here for aesthetic effect, are derived from MODIS instrument land surface and cloud cover products. Photo courtesy of NASA/UPI | License Photo

The "aurora australis" is pictured near the southernmost point of the International Space Station's orbital trek above the Indian Ocean on April 8. Photo courtesy of NASA

The NGC 4651 galaxy may look serene and peaceful as it swirls in the vast, silent emptiness of space. It is believed that this galaxy consumed another smaller galaxy to become the beautiful spiral. Although only a telescope like the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, which captured this image, could give a picture this clear, NGC 4651 can also be observed with an amateur telescope. Photo courtesy of NASA | License Photo

The Canadarm2 robotic arm and Dextre, the fine-tuned robotic hand, are remotely controlled on Earth to extract Bartolomeo from the pressurized trunk of the SpaceX Dragon resupply ship on March 25. Bartolomeo is a European Space Agency science payload system that will enable numerous external science experiments to be conducted and controlled outside the space station. Photo courtesy of NASA

The bright lights of Osaka, Japan, on Osaka Bay were pictured from the International Space Station on March 15 during an orbital night pass 259 miles above the island nation. Photo courtesy of NASA

The cities of southeast China glitter brightly during an orbital night pass on March 5 as the International Space Station soared 259 miles above the Asian continent. The brightest lights at right center represent the city of Shanghai on the coast of the East China Sea. Photo courtesy of NASA

The atmospheric glow floats above Earth's moonlit horizon beneath a starry sky on March 4 as the International Space Station orbited 263 miles above central Asia. Photo courtesy of NASA

The Florida peninsula is pictured looking northward on February 28 as the International Space Station orbited 263 miles above the Caribbean Sea. Photo courtesy of NASA

The well-lit New York/New Jersey metropolitan area is viewed during the early morning hours on February 2 as the International Space Station orbited 263 miles above the northeastern United States. Landmarks include the dark rectangular area (lower center) that is Central Park in Manhattan. Photo courtesy of NASA

Mount Rainier is viewed from the International Space Station on February 19. Photo courtesy of NASA

This NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image features a spiral galaxy known as NGC 4689. It is known as an "anemic galaxy," a galaxy that contains only quite small quantities of the raw materials needed to produce stars. This image was featured as ESA's Picture of the Week during the week of February 21. Image courtesy of ESA

The ISS flies in front of the moon in February as seen from Madrid. The photographer attached a camera to a telescope and while recording at 25 frames per second captured the 690-millisecond transit on video and composed this image of 17 stacked frames. Photo courtesy of Javier Manteca/ESA

The Mississippi River runs past Lake Pontchartrain, through the city of New Orleans, La., and into the Gulf of Mexico beaming from the sun's glint on February 7. Photo courtesy of NASA

The ISS was orbiting 266 miles above the Pacific Ocean when this picture was taken just off the western coast of North America on February 9. At top is California's San Francisco Bay. Washington state's Columbia River appears at the bottom of the frame. Photo courtesy of NASA

The Strait of Gibraltar connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Mediterranean Sea and separates Spain on the European continent from Morocco on the African continent. The ISS was orbiting 265 miles above the Atlantic off the coast of Lisbon, Portugal, when this photograph was taken on February 11. Photo courtesy of NASA

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Northrop's 'life extension' spacecraft heads to the rescue - UPI News

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

ST. JOHNS, N.L. An announced review by Husky Energy Inc. of its $2.2-billion West White Rose project off the coast of Newfoundland could be interpreted as a call for the province to take an equity stake to ensure it is built, an analyst says.

Under a worst-case scenario, it could also signal the Calgary-based companys option to eventually shut down or sell the currently producing White Rose offshore oil project itself, added analyst Phil Skolnick of Eight Capital in a report.

Constructionon the project expected to produce up to 75,000 barrels of oil per day (bpd) was suspended in March because of the COVID-19 pandemic and Huskys refocusing of priorities because of the global economic downturn and low oil prices.

A full review of scope, schedule and cost of this project is critical, given the minimum one-year delay to first oil caused by COVID-19, and our priority of maintaining the strength of our balance sheet with ample liquidity, said Husky CEO Rob Peabody in a news release on Sept. 9.

Unfortunately, the delay caused by COVID-19 and continued market uncertainty leaves us no choice but to undertake a full review of the project and, by extension, our future operations in Atlantic Canada.

The West White Rose project is about 60 per cent complete, with about $1.1 billion in work left to be done in Newfoundland and Labrador and an expected $11 billion in future capital and operating expenditures over its life, Husky said.

We fully appreciate that this project represents billions in government taxes and other anticipated public benefits. Without it, these will not materialize, Peabody said in the release.

It states Husky has discussed the projects challenges and risks with the provincial and federal governments and has proposed ideas designed to protect jobs and the economic benefits the project will deliver.

We need to find a solution now, Peabody added.

Husky is the operator of the White Rose field and satellite extensions, which are located in the Jeanne dArc Basin approximately 350 kilometres off the coast of Newfoundland and have been producing oil since 2005.

Huskys recent messages concerning next years capital plans suggest cutting debt is taking priority over funding West White Roseconstruction, Skolnick said.

Essentially, we believe that HSE is messaging to the Newfoundland and Labrador government that given the importance that this project has on tax revenues and associated employment, if the government wants to take on a working interest to help put certainty intoconstruction, the company is open to negotiating that, he said.

He added that if the new project doesnt go ahead, it raises questions about asset life extension projects on the SeaRose FPSO (floating production storage and offloading) unit, which is to be used at West White Rose.

If Husky decides those projects arent worthwhile to preserve the 20,000 bpd it currently gets from its share of the existing project, it could lead to a scenario where it attempts to sell or shuts down the project entirely in 2022, he said.

Newfoundland and Labrador is the third-largest oil producer in Canada and its offshore oil industry has been hit hard by crashing global oil prices.

In mid-March, Equinor and Husky announced an indefinite deferral of the Bay du Nord project, slated to be the provinces first deepwater operation.

Drilling on the Hibernia platform was suspended in April, as was a refit for the Terra Nova floating production storage and offloading vessel.

The Newfoundland and Labrador government has been imploring Ottawa to help the sector out, even holding a news conference in late May to appeal for federal aid.

West White Rose is expected to create about 250 full-time platform jobs.

Husky has a 60 per cent working interest, which would result in net output of up to 52,500 barrels per day if the project is completed.

Due to the short offshore weather window needed forconstruction, the suspension in March meant that West White Rose is delayed for at least a year.

2020 The Canadian Press

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Husky review of $2.2B West White Rose a plea for government help, analyst says - Daily Commercial News

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Saab has submitted a formal proposal for 12 new-build Gripen C/D multi-role fighters to Croatia. The proposal is a government-to-government deal, and was handed over on September 9 by representatives from Swedens FMV (defense material administration)and the countrys embassy in Zagreb. The proposal also includes a parallel strategic cooperation package that is tailored to the development of Croatian industrial and technological capability.

Sweden and Saab are offering a comprehensive and long-term solution for Croatian homeland security thatwill protect Croatias people and borders for decades to come, said Jonas Hjelm, the head of Saabs Aeronautics business area.If Croatia chooses Gripen, Saab is ready to transfer know-how and technology and establish a Regional Aeronautical and Support Service Centre in Croatia. This would develop long-term cooperation with local defense industry as well as the academic sector, generating some 500 high-tech jobs.

Since the late 2000s Croatia has been seeking a Western fighter to replace its fleet of 20 aging MiG-21bis/UMs. Half of the fleet underwent a limited life extension in Romania in the early 2000s. From 2013 seven of them subsequently received further refurbishment and basic NATO compatibility upgrades in Ukraine, which also supplied five additional aircraft to a similar standard from its own stocks. Comprising eight MiG-21bis and four MiG-21UMs, the survivors operate from Zagreb-Pleso with the Croatian air force's191 Eskadrila Lovakih Aviona fighter squadron, but serviceability is low.

An effort to procure a fighter of Western origin was launched in 2017, resulting in bids from Saab for the Gripen, and from Greece, Israel, and the U.S. offering F-16s. A batch of 12 ex-Israeli Lockheed Martin F-16s was selected in March, but this deal foundered in January 2019 due to U.S. objections regarding third-party technology transfer.

This led to a new fighter requirement being raised in July 2019, with new-build Gripen C/Ds and F-16 Block 70/72s being offered, along with various second-hand aircraft, including F-16s and Typhoons. A decision was expected in August 2020 for service-entry in 2022, but in early April 2020, Prime Minister Andrej Plenkovi announced that the fighter procurement program would be postponed while the government concentrated on handling the Covid-19 pandemic and the aftermath of the March 22 earthquake that damaged parts of the capital.

While Saab has concentrated its development efforts on the Gripen E/F, the C/D remains an important part of its export offerings, and in its latest Meteor missile-capable MS20 software iteration represents a very capable fighter that is ideal for countries with limited budgets and with defensive military requirements. In 2017 Saab announced that it had begun production of a batch of long-lead items so that it could respond rapidly to any orders, promising an 18-month contract-to-delivery timescale. The Gripen C/D is in service with neighbor Hungary, with whom Croatia established a number of defense co-operation agreementsincluding air policingin April 2019.

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Saab Makes New Gripen Fighter Offer to Croatia - Aviation International News

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

A study which appeared in the journal Oncotarget sheds light on why people with Down syndrome are at higher risk of Leukemia. Researchers pinpointed a new set of genes overexpressed in endothelial cells of individuals with Down syndrome, thus creating an environment conducive for leukemia.

Down syndrome occurs in approximately in one in 700 babies, and individuals with the syndrome not only development physical impairments, they have a greatly augmented risk of developing leukemia. Specifically, people with Down syndrome have a 500-fold risk of developing acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) and a 20-fold risk of being diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

In this study, researchers used skin samples from patients with Down syndrome to create induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). They subsequently differentiated the iPSC cells into that were then endothelial cells. The researchers observed that the endothelial cell genetic expression produced altered endothelial function throughout cell maturation. We found that Down syndrome, or Trisomy 21, has genome-wide implications that place these individuals at higher risk for leukemia, says co-lead author Mariana Perepitchka, BA, Research Associate at the Manne Research Institute at Lurie Childrens via a press release. We discovered an increased expression of leukemia-promoting genes and decreased expression of genes involved in reducing inflammation. These genes were not located on chromosome 21, which makes them potential therapeutic targets for leukemia even for people without Down syndrome.

Our discovery of leukemia-conducive gene expression in endothelial cells could open new avenues for cancer research, said co-lead author Yekaterina Galat, BS, Research Associate at the Manne Research Institute at Lurie Childrens.

Fortunately, advances in iPSC technology have provided us with an opportunity to study cell types, such as endothelial cells, that are not easily attainable from patients, stated senior author Vasil Galat, PhD, Director of Human iPS and Stem Cell Core at Manne Research Institute at Lurie Childrens and Research Assistant Professor of Pathology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. If our results are confirmed, we may have new gene targets for developing novel leukemia treatments and prevention.

Excerpt from:
Study Identifies New Set of Genes That May Explain Why People with Down Syndrome Have a Higher Risk of Leukemia - DocWire News

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

The study of Cosmetic Skin Care market is a compilation of the market of Cosmetic Skin Care broken down into its entirety on the basis of types, application, trends and opportunities, mergers and acquisitions, drivers and restraints, and a global outreach. The detailed study also offers a board interpretation of the Cosmetic Skin Care industry from a variety of data points that are collected through reputable and verified sources. Furthermore, the study sheds a lights on a market interpretations on a global scale which is further distributed through distribution channels, generated incomes sources and a marginalized market space where most trade occurs.

Along with a generalized market study, the report also consists of the risks that are often neglected when it comes to the Cosmetic Skin Care industry in a comprehensive manner. The study is also divided in an analytical space where the forecast is predicted through a primary and secondary research methodologies along with an in-house model.

Download PDF Sample of Cosmetic Skin Care Market report @ https://hongchunresearch.com/request-a-sample/77005

Key players in the global Cosmetic Skin Care market covered in Chapter 4:HenkelNatura & CoKaoLaboratories IPRADMary KayBeiersdorfEste Lauder CompaniesCotyColgate-PalmoliveUnileverP&GShiseidoChanelJohnson & JohnsonAmorepacificRevlonKoseAvonLVMHL BrandsLOreal

In Chapter 11 and 13.3, on the basis of types, the Cosmetic Skin Care market from 2015 to 2026 is primarily split into:Anti-Aging Cosmetic ProductsSkin Whitening Cosmetic ProductsSensitive Skin Care ProductsAnti-Acne ProductsDry Skin Care ProductsWarts Removal ProductsInfants Skin Care ProductsAnti-Scars Solution ProductsMole Removal ProductsMulti Utility Products

In Chapter 12 and 13.4, on the basis of applications, the Cosmetic Skin Care market from 2015 to 2026 covers:Stem Cells Protection Against UVFlakiness ReductionRehydrate the Skin SurfaceMinimize wrinklesIncrease the viscosity of Aqueous

Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2015-2026) of the following regions are covered in Chapter 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13:North America (Covered in Chapter 6 and 13)United StatesCanadaMexicoEurope (Covered in Chapter 7 and 13)GermanyUKFranceItalySpainRussiaOthersAsia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 8 and 13)ChinaJapanSouth KoreaAustraliaIndiaSoutheast AsiaOthersMiddle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 9 and 13)Saudi ArabiaUAEEgyptNigeriaSouth AfricaOthersSouth America (Covered in Chapter 10 and 13)BrazilArgentinaColumbiaChileOthers

For a global outreach, the Cosmetic Skin Care study also classifies the market into a global distribution where key market demographics are established based on the majority of the market share. The following markets that are often considered for establishing a global outreach are North America, Europe, Asia, and the Rest of the World. Depending on the study, the following markets are often interchanged, added, or excluded as certain markets only adhere to certain products and needs.

Here is a short glance at what the study actually encompasses:Study includes strategic developments, latest product launches, regional growth markers and mergers & acquisitionsRevenue, cost price, capacity & utilizations, import/export rates and market shareForecast predictions are generated from analytical data sources and calculated through a series of in-house processes.

However, based on requirements, this report could be customized for specific regions and countries.

Brief about Cosmetic Skin Care Market Report with [emailprotected] https://hongchunresearch.com/report/cosmetic-skin-care-market-size-2020-77005

Some Point of Table of Content:

Chapter One: Report Overview

Chapter Two: Global Market Growth Trends

Chapter Three: Value Chain of Cosmetic Skin Care Market

Chapter Four: Players Profiles

Chapter Five: Global Cosmetic Skin Care Market Analysis by Regions

Chapter Six: North America Cosmetic Skin Care Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter Seven: Europe Cosmetic Skin Care Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter Eight: Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Skin Care Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter Nine: Middle East and Africa Cosmetic Skin Care Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter Ten: South America Cosmetic Skin Care Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter Eleven: Global Cosmetic Skin Care Market Segment by Types

Chapter Twelve: Global Cosmetic Skin Care Market Segment by Applications12.1 Global Cosmetic Skin Care Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)12.1.1 Global Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)12.1.2 Global Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)12.2 Stem Cells Protection Against UV Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)12.3 Flakiness Reduction Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)12.4 Rehydrate the Skin Surface Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)12.5 Minimize wrinkles Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)12.6 Increase the viscosity of Aqueous Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Chapter Thirteen: Cosmetic Skin Care Market Forecast by Regions (2020-2026) continued

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List of tablesList of Tables and FiguresTable Global Cosmetic Skin Care Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2020-2026)Figure Global Cosmetic Skin Care Market Share by Type in 2019 & 2026Figure Anti-Aging Cosmetic Products FeaturesFigure Skin Whitening Cosmetic Products FeaturesFigure Sensitive Skin Care Products FeaturesFigure Anti-Acne Products FeaturesFigure Dry Skin Care Products FeaturesFigure Warts Removal Products FeaturesFigure Infants Skin Care Products FeaturesFigure Anti-Scars Solution Products FeaturesFigure Mole Removal Products FeaturesFigure Multi Utility Products FeaturesTable Global Cosmetic Skin Care Market Size Growth by Application (2020-2026)Figure Global Cosmetic Skin Care Market Share by Application in 2019 & 2026Figure Stem Cells Protection Against UV DescriptionFigure Flakiness Reduction DescriptionFigure Rehydrate the Skin Surface DescriptionFigure Minimize wrinkles DescriptionFigure Increase the viscosity of Aqueous DescriptionFigure Global COVID-19 Status OverviewTable Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on Cosmetic Skin Care Industry DevelopmentTable SWOT AnalysisFigure Porters Five Forces AnalysisFigure Global Cosmetic Skin Care Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2026Table Industry NewsTable Industry PoliciesFigure Value Chain Status of Cosmetic Skin CareFigure Production Process of Cosmetic Skin CareFigure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Cosmetic Skin CareFigure Major Company Analysis (by Business Distribution Base, by Product Type)Table Downstream Major Customer Analysis (by Region)Table Henkel ProfileTable Henkel Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020Table Natura & Co ProfileTable Natura & Co Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020Table Kao ProfileTable Kao Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020Table Laboratories IPRAD ProfileTable Laboratories IPRAD Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020Table Mary Kay ProfileTable Mary Kay Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020Table Beiersdorf ProfileTable Beiersdorf Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020Table Este Lauder Companies ProfileTable Este Lauder Companies Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020Table Coty ProfileTable Coty Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020Table Colgate-Palmolive ProfileTable Colgate-Palmolive Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020Table Unilever ProfileTable Unilever Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020Table P&G ProfileTable P&G Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020Table Shiseido ProfileTable Shiseido Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020Table Chanel ProfileTable Chanel Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020Table Johnson & Johnson ProfileTable Johnson & Johnson Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020Table Amorepacific ProfileTable Amorepacific Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020Table Revlon ProfileTable Revlon Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020Table Kose ProfileTable Kose Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020Table Avon ProfileTable Avon Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020Table LVMH ProfileTable LVMH Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020Table L Brands ProfileTable L Brands Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020Table LOreal ProfileTable LOreal Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020Figure Global Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)Figure Global Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue ($) and Growth (2015-2020)Table Global Cosmetic Skin Care Sales by Regions (2015-2020)Table Global Cosmetic Skin Care Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)Table Global Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue ($) by Regions (2015-2020)Table Global Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)Table Global Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2015Table Global Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019Figure North America Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)Figure Europe Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)Figure Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)Figure Middle East and Africa Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)Figure South America Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)Figure North America Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue ($) and Growth (2015-2020)Table North America Cosmetic Skin Care Sales by Countries (2015-2020)Table North America Cosmetic Skin Care Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)Figure North America Cosmetic Skin Care Sales Market Share by Countries in 2015Figure North America Cosmetic Skin Care Sales Market Share by Countries in 2019Table North America Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue ($) by Countries (2015-2020)Table North America Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)Figure North America Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2015Figure North America Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019Figure United States Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)Figure Canada Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)Figure Mexico Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth (2015-2020)Figure Europe Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue ($) Growth (2015-2020)Table Europe Cosmetic Skin Care Sales by Countries (2015-2020)Table Europe Cosmetic Skin Care Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)Figure Europe Cosmetic Skin Care Sales Market Share by Countries in 2015Figure Europe Cosmetic Skin Care Sales Market Share by Countries in 2019Table Europe Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue ($) by Countries (2015-2020)Table Europe Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)Figure Europe Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2015Figure Europe Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019Figure Germany Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)Figure UK Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)Figure France Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)Figure Italy Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)Figure Spain Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)Figure Russia Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)Figure Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue ($) and Growth (2015-2020)Table Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Skin Care Sales by Countries (2015-2020)Table Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Skin Care Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)Figure Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Skin Care Sales Market Share by Countries in 2015Figure Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Skin Care Sales Market Share by Countries in 2019Table Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue ($) by Countries (2015-2020)Table Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)Figure Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2015Figure Asia-Pacific Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019Figure China Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)Figure Japan Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)Figure South Korea Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)Figure Australia Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)Figure India Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)Figure Southeast Asia Cosmetic Skin Care Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)Figure Middle East and Africa Cosmetic Skin Care Revenue ($) and Growth (2015-2020) continued

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NOTE: Our report does take into account the impact of coronavirus pandemic and dedicates qualitative as well as quantitative sections of information within the report that emphasizes the impact of COVID-19.

As this pandemic is ongoing and leading to dynamic shifts in stocks and businesses worldwide, we take into account the current condition and forecast the market data taking into consideration the micro and macroeconomic factors that will be affected by the pandemic.

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Impact Of Covid-19 on Cosmetic Skin Care Market 2020 Industry Challenges, Business Overview and Forecast Research Study 2026 - Owned

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Genentech, a member of the Roche Group (SIX: RO, ROG; OTCQX: RHHBY), today announced new data that show Ocrevus (ocrelizumab) is a highly effective treatment option for people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) who experienced a suboptimal response to their prior disease modifying therapy (DMT). Subgroup analysis from the two-year open-label Phase IIIb CASTING study also demonstrates that patients benefit across a wide range of disease related and demographic subgroups, regardless of prior treatment background. Findings will be presented at MSVirtual2020, the 8th Joint Meeting of the Americas Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ACTRIMS) and the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS).

For a wide range of people with MS who experienced a suboptimal response to prior treatment, we continue to see evidence that Ocrevus provides significant benefit in slowing disease progression, said Levi Garraway, M.D., Ph.D., chief medical officer and head of Global Product Development. New real-world Ocrevus data show high persistence and adherence to the only B-cell therapy with a twice-yearly dosing schedule, which we know can be very important to both people with MS and their physicians.

Phase IIIb open-label CASTING study

Approximately 75% of RRMS patients (492/658) had no evidence of disease activity (NEDA; brain lesions, relapses and worsening of disability) two years after switching to twice-yearly Ocrevus treatment (with prespecified MRI re-baselining at 8 weeks) in the primary analysis of the CASTING study. Patients enrolled in the study had prior suboptimal response to at least six months of treatment with up to two DMTs. The analysis also showed the proportion of patients achieving NEDA remained consistently high across all measured patient subgroups, including baseline MRI activity, relapse activity, disability level, age and the number of prior DMTs. Further, 78% of patients treated with only one prior DMT compared with 70% of patients treated with two prior DMTs achieved NEDA.

Additionally, patients treated with Ocrevus experienced an improvement in the majority of symptoms measured by SymptoMScreen after two years. SymptoMScreen is a patient-reported outcome tool to assess symptom severity across twelve domains. The most pronounced significant improvements (p<0.001) were seen in sensory symptoms, fatigue and vision, which are important for daily living.

CONFIDENCE real-world safety study

A 97% treatment persistence for Ocrevus patients at 18 months, and strong adherence to infusions every six months, was seen in an interim analysis of more than 1,600 patients in the ongoing German CONFIDENCE study. Separate data from a U.S. commercial claims database that support high persistence and sustained adherence to Ocrevus treatment will also be presented.

Ocrevus longer-term safety data

New safety data as of January 2020 will be presented, representing 5,680 patients with RMS and PPMS and 18,218 patient-years of exposure to Ocrevus, across all Ocrevus clinical trials. These findings further demonstrate the consistently favorable benefit:risk profile of Ocrevus over seven years.

With rapidly growing real-world experience and more than 170,000 people treated globally, Ocrevus has twice-yearly (six-monthly) dosing and is the first and only therapy approved for RMS (including relapsing-remitting MS [RRMS] and active, or relapsing, secondary progressive MS [SPMS], in addition to clinically isolated syndrome [CIS] in the U.S.) and primary progressive MS (PPMS). Ocrevus is approved in 92 countries across North America, South America, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, as well as in Australia, Switzerland and the European Union.

About multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that affects nearly one million people in the United States, for which there is currently no cure. MS occurs when the immune system abnormally attacks the insulation and support around nerve cells (myelin sheath) in the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves, causing inflammation and consequent damage. This damage can cause a wide range of symptoms, including muscle weakness, fatigue and difficulty seeing, and may eventually lead to disability. Most people with MS experience their first symptom between 20 and 40 years of age, making the disease the leading cause of non-traumatic disability in younger adults.

Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) is the most common form of the disease and is characterized by episodes of new or worsening signs or symptoms (relapses) followed by periods of recovery. Approximately 85 percent of people with MS are initially diagnosed with RRMS. The majority of people who are diagnosed with RRMS will eventually transition to secondary progressive MS (SPMS), in which they experience steadily worsening disability over time. Relapsing forms of MS (RMS) include people with RRMS and people with SPMS who continue to experience relapses. Primary progressive MS (PPMS) is a debilitating form of the disease marked by steadily worsening symptoms but typically without distinct relapses or periods of remission. Approximately 15 percent of people with MS are diagnosed with the primary progressive form of the disease. Until the FDA approval of Ocrevus, there had been no FDA approved treatments for PPMS.

People with all forms of MS experience disease activity inflammation in the nervous system and permanent loss of nerve cells in the brain even when their clinical symptoms arent apparent or dont appear to be getting worse. An important goal of treating MS is to reduce disease activity as soon as possible to slow how quickly a persons disability progresses. Despite available disease-modifying treatments (DMTs), some people with RMS continue to experience disease activity and disability progression.

About Ocrevus (ocrelizumab)

Ocrevus is the first and only therapy approved for both RMS (including clinically isolated syndrome, RRMS and active, or relapsing, SPMS) and PPMS, with dosing every six months. Ocrevus is a humanized monoclonal antibody designed to target CD20-positive B cells, a specific type of immune cell thought to be a key contributor to myelin (nerve cell insulation and support) and axonal (nerve cell) damage. This nerve cell damage can lead to disability in people with MS. Based on preclinical studies, Ocrevus binds to CD20 cell surface proteins expressed on certain B cells, but not on stem cells or plasma cells, suggesting that important functions of the immune system may be preserved.

Ocrevus is administered by intravenous infusion every six months. The initial dose is given as two 300 mg infusions given two weeks apart. Subsequent doses are given as single 600 mg infusions.

Important Safety Information

What is Ocrevus?

Ocrevus is a prescription medicine used to treat:

It is not known if Ocrevus is safe or effective in children.

Who should not receive Ocrevus?

Do not receive Ocrevus if you have an active hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.

Do not receive Ocrevus if you have had a life threatening allergic reaction to Ocrevus. Tell your healthcare provider if you have had an allergic reaction to Ocrevus or any of its ingredients in the past.

What is the most important information I should know about Ocrevus?

Ocrevus can cause serious side effects, including:

These infusion reactions can happen for up to 24 hours after your infusion. It is important that you call your healthcare provider right away if you get any of the signs or symptoms listed above after each infusion.

If you get infusion reactions, your healthcare provider may need to stop or slow down the rate of your infusion.

Before receiving Ocrevus, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you:

Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.

What are the possible side effects of Ocrevus?

Ocrevus may cause serious side effects, including:

Most common side effects include infusion reactions and infections.

These are not all the possible side effects of Ocrevus.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

For more information, go to http://www.Ocrevus.com or call 1-844-627-3887.

For additional safety information, please see the full Prescribing Information and Medication Guide.

About Genentech in neuroscience

Neuroscience is a major focus of research and development at Genentech and Roche. Our goal is to pursue groundbreaking science to develop new treatments that help improve the lives of people with chronic and potentially devastating diseases.

Genentech and Roche are investigating more than a dozen medicines for neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis, stroke, Alzheimers disease, Huntingtons disease, Parkinsons disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and autism spectrum disorder. Together with our partners, we are committed to pushing the boundaries of scientific understanding to solve some of the most difficult challenges in neuroscience today.

About Genentech

Founded more than 40 years ago, Genentech is a leading biotechnology company that discovers, develops, manufactures and commercializes medicines to treat patients with serious and life-threatening medical conditions. The company, a member of the Roche Group, has headquarters in South San Francisco, California. For additional information about the company, please visit http://www.gene.com.

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New Data Further Reinforce Genentech's Ocrevus (ocrelizumab) as a Highly Effective Treatment for People With Multiple Sclerosis - Business Wire

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

If you were to ask an ancient Greek how it is determined that a baby is born a boy or a girl, they would have had some interesting and very compelling theories to offer you. One camp held that it was determined by which of the males testes the child originated from, while another believed that what really matters is what side of the womb the fetus develops in, until Aristotle put everybody on notice by declaring once and for all, and definitively, that it is temperature that makes the difference, because men are governed by the element fire, and women by the cooler element water.

For two millennia, our ideas about sex determination were little more advanced than those of the ancient Greeks, with pre-natal environment considered the most important factor for determining whether a child, sexless at conception, emerged a boy or a girl. Temperature continued to be sited as an important factor, but also the nutrition consumed by the mother was deemed to be crucial, and such was the common wisdom until 1905, when a Bryn Mawr cytologist by the name of Nettie Stevens (1861-1912) published Studies in Spermatogenesis with Especial Reference to the Accessory Chromosome,' a daring paper that smashed all previous theories and established on a definite basis the chromosomal, hereditary nature of gender.

For the importance of her work, we know astonishingly little about her life. She was born three months after the start of the US Civil War in Vermont to Julia and Ephraim Stevens, one of four children of whom only two survived to adulthood. Julia Stevens died in 1863 and Nettie was raised primarily by her stepmother, whom her father married in 1865. The year of Stevenss birth put her firmly between two generations of expectations and opportunities. Born two decades earlier, and her career would have firmly been that of a gifted and vastly overqualified governess or school teacher. Born two decades later, and her talents would have opened a series of doors that would have resulted in their steady and early development.

Nettie Stevens would author 38 papers in under a decade, one of which describing the results of her investigations into sex determination ranks among the most important genetic works of the 20th Century

As it stood, Stevens underwent several starts and stops to her career as she attempted to navigate her way through the grey area of the late nineteenth century educational system. She attended public school in Westford, Massachusetts and her academic performance there allowed her to continue on as one of the rare women students attending Westford Academy, where she graduated in 1880. Stevens had clear gifts, but she was also driven by the need to be financially independent, and in 1880 that meant finding a job as a teacher, as paying research positions for women interested in biology were not, as of yet, an option. She took up a position as a Latin, English, mathematics, and biology teacher in Lebanon, New Hampshire and furthered her scientific education as best she could at Westfield Normal School, where she graduated at the top of her class in 1883.

The next thirteen years, then, were devoted to the sort of necessary, money-earning work that would allow her to maintain what she prized most of all, her independence. She worked as a librarian and a teacher in three different cities while waiting for an opportunity to take the next step in her education. That opportunity arose in 1896 when she heard about a new university on the West Coast, founded in 1891 and open to women applicants Leland Stanford Junior University.

In a move that seems doubly bold in view of her history of cautious and pragmatic career decisions, she decided to move out to California in 1896 and join Stanford as a special-case student preparatory to earning her full freshman status in 1897, and an advanced status a few months after that. She worked at Stanford with Frank Mace MacFarland, a nudibranch authority who steered Stevens towards histology, the study of organic tissues by microscope. She earned her bachelors degree in 1899 and her Masters in 1900 with her thesis Studies on Ciliate Infusoria.

1900 was a crucial year not only for Nettie Stevens, when she earned her Masters and settled in to the work at Bryn Mawr College that was to define the rest of her life, but for biology generally. This was the year that the genetic work of Gregor Mendel was rediscovered and verified in a paper by German botanist Carl Correns, kickstarting a new wave of investigations that would come to define modern biology. By 1903 Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri had established that chromosomes were the carriers of genetic material, thereby providing the locus of study for any researchers interested in questions of heredity.

Stevens had a chance to study with Boveri himself at the University of Wrzberg at precisely the time that he was carrying out his important investigations of chromosomal regularity in sea urchins, furthering concentrating her interest from cytology generally to chromosomal research. She received her PhD in 1903 for her dissertation Further Studies on the Ciliate Infusoria, Licnophor and Boveria, which focused on morphology and particularly the regenerative processes of those organisms. Her interest, however, was turning towards a new investigation of the possible hereditary basis of sex determination, work which she would need funding to carry out. She applied for a Carnegie stipend to supplement her meager salary as a reader in experimental morphology at Bryn Mawr, and received it in 1904.

Stevens would author thirty-eight papers over the next eight years of life left to her, but it was to be the paper published in 1905 describing the results of her investigations into sex determination that would earn her a pedestal in the scientific pantheon. The majority opinion of the scientific community in the early 1900s was that environmental factors determined the evolution of a fetuss sex in the womb. In 1901 Clarence McClung, working with the grasshoppers that were readily available around the University of Kansas, had hypothesized that gender was determined by the presence or absence of a second X chromosome in the cell, an observation which is true enough in grasshoppers, where females have two X chromosomes while males only have one, but was, unfortunately for McClung, not true of the larger animal kingdom.

Stevens worked with the meal worm Tenebrio molitor and noted that while eggs always possessed ten full sized chromosomes, that sperm gametes contained either ten full chromosomes or nine full chromosomes and one smaller chromosome (what we now call the Y chromosome). When an egg was fertilized by a sperm with the larger tenth chromosomes, it developed into a female, and when it was fertilized by a sperm with the smaller tenth chromosome, it developed into a male. This was the death knell of the environmental hypothesis for sex determination, and also of McClungs theory that sex was caused generally by the presence of an extra accessory chromosome. In later studies, she expanded her research to ensure that her results were true for other species besides Tenebrio molitor (in particular aphids, beetles, and flies), while her results were confirmed independently by influential biologist EB Wilson, and in his paper on the topic he acknowledged Stevenss priority in a footnote.

Though she was first in the discovery of the hereditary basis of sex determination, she was not invited to a conference in 1906 where Wilson and her superior at Bryn Mawr (though her junior in age), Thomas Hunt Morgan, were slated to speak about their research in that topic. Morgan then compounded this omission in his official obituary of Stevens, which conveniently mis-stated the year of her work with Tenebrio molitor as 1906 instead of 1904 to make the case that Wilson and she essentially co-discovered the XY principle.

Morgans willingness to muddy the chronology on Stevenss work to give more credit to a male colleague was mirrored in his unwillingness to credit Stevens as an early researcher in the organism that he later won the Nobel Prize for genetically describing, Drosophila melanogaster. This was a species of fly first bred by C.W. Woodworth and used in genetics research at Harvard by William E. Castle as a model organism for genetics studies, and it was one of the species that Stevens included in her researches, several years before Morgan began making it the centerpiece of his genetics experiments in 1909. In his obituary of Stevens, written in 1912, mention is made of the fact that she worked with flies generally, but the fact that she worked with that particular species is not present. This is not to say that Morgan stole the idea of working with Drosophila from Stevens the account given in his Nobel biography states that the idea was suggested to him by entomologist Frank Eugene Lutz but it is all the same a curious missed opportunity to recognize a predecessor in the research of his preferred organism upon the occasion of her death.

Nettie Stevens was granted less than a decade of professional work in the field she had finally found her place in at the age of forty. It was only at the end of her life that Bryn Mawr offered to create a research professorship position for her so that she would not have to expend energy scrapping up funding to supplement her official position as Associate in Experimental Morphology, and she died of breast cancer before the new title and salary could be conferred upon her. There are so many What Ifs that accumulate about her person and career What if she had started sooner? What if she had been given a position equal to her abilities earlier? What if those best placed to assure her legacy had worked more assiduously towards that end? It is easy to get lost in those What Ifs, and to fail to see what is right before us 38 papers in under a decade, one of which ranks among the most important genetic works of the Twentieth Century, produced by an individual only three years into her second, mid-life, career. We know far too little of her character and voice, but the work remains, and in it we find the building blocks of our destinies, writ small but distinct, in the cells of our cousin and sometimes friend, the humble meal worm.

FURTHER READING: Marilyn Ogilvie devotes a good amount of space to Stevens in her classic Women in Science (1986) but there is no stand alone biography of her life and work. The best source is, ironically, a French article from 2008 by Simone Gilgenkrantz which places Stevens within the context of her fellow chromosomal researches. Thomas Hunt Morgans obituary of Stevens can still be found online, which is a good source for details about her work that most authors gloss over, though of course it needs to be approached skeptically.

Lead image: Nettie Stevens (circa 1909); by Bryn Mawr College Special Collections source, Public Domain

Link:
Where Sex Begins: The Chromosomal Investigations Of Nettie Stevens - Women You Should Know

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Galanin is known to be associated with mental health. People born with genetically low levels of galanin face an uncommonly high risk of depression and anxiety disorders.

Multiple studies show that exercise increases production of the substance. In the rat experiments, some of which were conducted at Dr. Weinshenkers lab, researchers found that exercise led to a surge in galanin production in the animals brains, particularly in a portion of the brain that is known to be involved in physiological stress reactions. Perhaps most interesting, they also found that the more galanin there, the greater the rats subsequent stress resilience.

For the new research, they gathered healthy adult male and female mice and gave some of them access to running wheels in their cages. Others remained inactive. Mice generally seem to enjoy running, and those with wheels skittered through multiple miles each day. After three weeks, the scientists checked for genetic markers of galanin in the mouse brains and found them to be much higher in the runners, with greater mileage correlating with more galanin.

Then the scientists stressed out all of the animals by lightly shocking their paws while the mice were restrained and could not dash away. This method does not physically harm the mice but does spook them, which the scientists confirmed by checking for stress hormones in the mice. They had soared.

The next day, the scientists placed runners and inactive animals in new situations designed to worry them again, including cages with both light, open sections and dark, enclosed areas. Mice are prey animals and their natural reaction is to run for the darkness and then, as they feel safe, explore the open spaces. The runners responded now like normal, healthy mice, cautiously moving toward the light. But the sedentary animals tended to cower in the shadows, still too overwhelmed by stress to explore. They lacked resilience.

Finally, the researchers confirmed that galanin played a pivotal role in the animals stress resilience by breeding mice with unusually high levels of the substance. Those rodents reacted like the runners to the stress of foot shocks, with full-body floods of stress hormones. But the next day, like the runners, they warily braved the well-lit portions of the light-and-dark cage, not recklessly but with suitable prudence.

The upshot of these experiments is that abundant galanin seems to be crucial for resilience, at least in rodents, says Rachel P. Tillage, a Ph.D. candidate in Dr. Weinshenkers lab who led the new study. And exercise increases galanin, amplifying the animals ability to remain stalwart in the face of whatever obstacles life and science places before them.

See more here:
Exercise May Make It Easier to Bounce Back From Stress - The New York Times

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

As Covid-19 cases keep rising in the country, a pattern is emerging: a disproportionately high number of men are being infected.

At the beginning of April, truck drivers and their associates (turn boys, off-loaders, and delivery men) were a risk factor in the spread of the disease. Now, however, with the number of community transmissions rising, the same pattern is persisting.

On August 31, statistics on the Uganda Covid-19 Response Info Hub showed that the country has 3037 cumulative coronavirus cases. Of those who were still hospitalised, 85.2 per cent (950) were men, while 14.8 per cent (165) were female.

Last month, Mr George Bagala, an accountant working in Kampala, tested positive for the coronavirus. Like many who have recently tested positive, Bagala was surprised at the results.

I rarely go downtown, and I always wear a mask in public. But I remember, at the beginning of the month I visited a friend. When I entered his office, I removed my mask. My friend had flu and he was drinking lemon tea. It was a hot afternoon and the air conditioner was on, he says.

Downtown Kampala, with its open air markets, shopping arcades, and business hubs, is a hotspot for the virus because of overcrowding and lax adherence to the wearing masks and social distancing.Two days later, an ambulance ferried Bagalas friend to Mulago National Referral Hospital after he tested positive for Covid-19.

By then, I was not well. I had a feeling of blood rushing to my head all the time. I was fatigued all the time, had muscle aches and pain in my eyes. But I put this down to stress, until my wife advised me to take a test, he says.After a mass test at his workplace, Bagala and 10 of his male workmates tested positive for the virus. Role of gender in mortality and morbidity according to a paper, Gender Differences in patients with Covid-19: Focus on Severity and Mortality, published in April 2020 on Frontiers in Public Health, of the 2,442 people who died on the Chinese mainland from the coronavirus, two-thirds were men.

The World Health Organisation Covid-19 weekly surveillance report indicates that 63 per cent of the Covid-19 related deaths in Europe have been among men. The study also adds that according to clinical classification of severity, men tended to develop more serious cases than women.Dr Monica Musenero, the senior presidential advisor on epidemics, says these statistics are being replicated all over the world.

It is a global fact that Covid-19 is infecting and killing more men than women. We dont know why, but in Uganda we are looking at different reasons. It could be that men have more core morbidities (other chronic diseases), or it could be age or genetics. By mid September, we will have a desegregation of the data from the community transmission cases, she says.

Men more exposedStatistics from the Response Info Hub show that the most affected age group were those between 30 and 39, closely followed by those in the 20 and 29 age group.For instance, by August 31, 350 men aged between 30 and 39 had been infected with the virus, yet only 35 women in the same age group had been affected.

In the 20 to 29 age group, 268 were men while 71 were female. By the same date, 17 men had died from Covid-19 compared to nine women.Dr Alex Ndyabakira, an epidemiologist with Uganda Public Health Fellowship Programme, says more men are infected by virtue of being breadwinners.

The 20 to 39 age group is a mobile population. Men are the majority in the open struggle for survival because they work away from home. You will find that most people in Kikuubo (business hub) and taxi parks are young men. The women in this age group are in their child-bearing years and they tend to be stay-at-home mothers or work in less risky places, he says.Dr Ndyabakira adds that the risk of exposure through travel cannot be under looked.

Public transport is a risk factor. How many taxi drivers and conductors are women? Even the length of exposure matters. A passenger is less likely to be infected than the conductor who spends the entire day in the taxi. Besides, we are in a political season, and most people gathering in rallies and political meetings are men, he added.

It is also true that the majority of rapid response health workers and burial teams are men. Both occupations are high risk factors for contracting the virus.

However, Ivan Bamweyana, a member of the Kampala Capital City Authoritys Covid-19 taskforce, says in the medical profession more women have been impacted.

Many female nurses are on the frontlines, treating people who have tested positive. We cannot conclusively say men are more exposed because we do not yet have the statistics on which people are being tested. If you are testing more men because they are the ones in the trading centre, it is obvious more men will turn up positive, he says.

A man without a mask buys bananas from a street vendor without a mask near Jinja Road traffic lights on August. PHOTO | KELVIN ATUHAIRE

Poor medical seeking behaviourGenerally, as a nation, voluntary health seeking behaviour is still a challenge. For many men, going to hospital is a sign of weakness.

When a woman has a persistent headache, she will go to a clinic for treatment. On the other hand, a man will take a panadol and dismiss the disease. But even if he goes to hospital, when he is referred to another hospital, he is less likely to comply with the referral, Dr Musenero says.It could also be that because of poor health seeking behaviour, most men are not aware of underlying medical conditions they might have that could predispose them to the virus.

Women, on the other hand, during their childbearing years always get maternity reviews that bring these conditions to light.Bamweyana says women have a more responsible attitude towards the coronavirus.

Women having a better health seeking behaviour compared to men. As a result, they tend to take Covid-19 related messaging very seriously. Men, though, will tend to think that Covid-19 is nothing to them. I have heard people say that they have survived being shot at or have lived through hellish situations and survived, so how can Covid-19 affect them. They think it is a simple flu, he says.

Risky lifestylesPoverty and neglect for a healthy lifestyle have seen many Ugandans unable to eat a balanced diet. One of the keys to fighting the virus is to boost immunity levels by eating fruits and vegetables.

In an effort to maintain a minimum weight or to lose weight, a number of women in the most affected age group (20-39) will try to maintain healthy lifestyles, which includes eating lots of fruits and vegetables.Covid-19 affects the respiratory system and lifestyle behaviour such as smoking that impact lung health are more predominant in men.

In Uganda, smoking is largely a male habit. The Global Adult Tobacco Survey: Country Report 2013 showed that 7.9 per cent of adults in Uganda aged 15 and above (1.3 million) use tobacco products. The rates are higher among males than women, with 11.6 per cent of men and 4.6 per cent of women using tobacco products.

According to a WHO publication, although there are currently no peer-reviewed studies that directly estimate the risk of hospitalisation with Covid-19 among smokers, 27 observational studies found that smokers constituted 1.4 per cent to 18.5 per cent of hospitalised adults.

The studies done in Europe have not been conclusive. However, smoking is a sever risk factor for any respiratory disease, but even with that, if you have a male smoker and a female smoker, the man is likely to die from Covid-19 than the woman, Dr Musenero says.

Another reason could be that women are more likely than men to adhere to wearing masks. Because of high testosterone levels, men are alpha risk takers and tend to believe they cannot be infected with the virus.

The psychological effectAlthough a conclusive study is yet to be done, the effects of the lockdown and the subsequent downward economic effect seem to be affecting more men than women. Since July, seven men between the ages of 29 and 40 have been known to have committed suicide.

Dr Musenero says this is because women cope better than men when it comes to stress.Men tend to want to work through their problems and show that they are in charge. A woman, on the other hand, will call up a friend, narrate her problems, cry about it and will feel better. Ordinarily, a man would go to a bar to socialise with friends but now, those places are closed, she says.

The way forwardSince the data is still being analysed, there is no guarantee that broadcast messages targeted at men will change the trend.A proper data analysis must be done before a message targeting men can go out. Otherwise, you might cause relaxation of the standard operating procedures among women, Bamweyana says.

Another disturbing detail that is being analysed, according to Dr Musenero, is that most of those who have died never reaced the stage of needing a ventilator, as has been the case in Europe and the USA. Here, the progression from flu and cough to respiratory distress has been alarmingly quick less than five days.

It is a global fact that Covid-19 is infecting and killing more men than women. We dont know why, but in Uganda we are looking at different reasons. It could be that men have more core morbidities (other chronic diseases), or it could be age or genetics. By mid September, we will have a desegregation of the data from the community transmission cases, Dr Monica Musenero, the senior presidential advisor on epidemics.

Many female nurses are on the frontlines, treating people who have tested positive. We cannot conclusively say men are more exposed because we do not yet have the statistics on which people are being tested. If you are testing more men because they are the ones in the trading centre, it is obvious more men will turn up positive, Mr Ivan Bamweyana, member of KCCA Covid-19 Taskforce,

gnantume@ug.nationmedia.com

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Covid-19 taking a greater toll on men than women - reports - Daily Monitor

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Many people are surprised to learn how many decisions need to be made throughout pregnancy. Where do I want to receive my prenatal care? What lifestyle changes am I going to make to stay as healthy as possible?

Another big decision that needs to be made is about genetic screening during pregnancythere are so many options, and it can feel overwhelming. But take heart, mama. We promise you'll figure it out. Especially because you don't have to do it alone.

It's important to know that genetic screening is optional during pregnancy. Whatever feels right for you and your baby is usually best. New information on genetics comes out all the time. If you are thinking about having prenatal genetic screening or testing, talk to your provider first for the most up-to-date information and specific guidance based on your personal story.

According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), "prenatal genetic screening gives parents-to-be' information about whether their fetus has a certain genetic disorder."

Screenings are not diagnostic. This means that the results are not definitive ("The baby does or does not have Down syndrome,") but rather a prediction of chance ("There is a higher or lower than normal chance that the baby could have Down syndrome.")

If tests come back indicating that there is a high chance of abnormality, your provider may recommend diagnostic testing which can give a definitive yes or no result (more on that soon).

There are two main types of prenatal genetic testing: prenatal screening test and prenatal diagnostics test.

Prenatal screening tests:

Prenatal genetic screening tests can identify whether your baby is more or less likely to have certain birth defects, most stemming from genetic disorders. These are not definitive tests, they just tell you the chances. If results indicate an increased risk, your provider may talk to you about doing a diagnostic test.

Here are some common prenatal genetic screening tests:

Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), also called cell-free fetal DNA testing. This can be done between weeks 10 and 20. It assesses the chances of chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome (trisomy 21), Patau syndrome (trisomy 13), Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18) and certain single-gene disorders associated with abnormalities of the skeleton, bones or heart. This test can also determine the sex of your baby if you'd like to know. The results take about a week to come in.

First-trimester combined screening. This is an optional test that is offered between weeks 11 and 14. The test involves taking a blood sample from you along with doing an ultrasound that looks at certain aspects of the baby's development. Specifically, the ultrasound looks at the clear space in the tissue at the back of the baby's neckthe size of this space, along with the information provided by the blood test, can help identify a higher chance for Down syndrome.

Second Trimester screening. Similar to the first trimester screening, your provider will take a blood test called a quad screen. This will measure four substances in your blood which indicate the chance of carrying a baby with chromosomal defects like Down syndrome, as well as neural tube defects.

Here are some common prenatal diagnostic tests:

Your provider may recommend a diagnostic test if your screening indicates an elevated chance of abnormality, or if other factors like family and medical history warrant it. These are more invasive and the only way to be sure of a diagnosis.

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS). CVS tests for certain disorders and chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus by looking at the chorionic villi, which are wisps of placental tissue that contain your baby's DNA. It can be done as early as 10 weeks. Placental tissue is extracted from your uterus by a catheter inserted into your cervix or by needle into the abdomen. The tissue will be genetically analyzed for certain disorders.

The procedure carries a small (0.35%) risk of miscarriage. It may sting and induce some cramping, but after a day of rest, you are cleared to resume normal activity. The benefit of CVS is that it can be done earlier in the pregnancy than an amniocentesis.

Amniocentesis. An amniocentesis (often called an amnio) is a procedure to sample the fluid that surrounds the baby. This amniotic fluid contains your baby's DNA, so it can be used to test for genetic disorders. It is usually performed between weeks 15 and 20 and does carry some risks, so it is important to be informed about them. According to the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, amniocentesis is associated with a miscarriage rate of 1 in 300 to 500.

With most tests, there is a potential for false-positive results (when a positive test is wrong) and false-negative results (when a negative test is wrong). We recommend reaching out to your provider, they can give you more information on the rates of false-positive and false-negative test results and compare other options.

The risk associated with genetic testing can depend on the test you get. For the prenatal screening tests, the risks are limited due to its less invasive process (blood test and ultrasound). Many of the risks associated with genetic testing involve emotional, social and financial consequences of the test results. These are just as important to keep in mind (more on these in a bit).

For diagnostic screening, there is a small but real risk of miscarriage due to it being a more invasive procedure. This is because they need a sample of amniotic fluid or tissue from the fetus.

If you are trying to decide if you'd like to have genetic screening or testing, here are some questions to ask your provider:

There are also genetic specialists who may have even more information about the prenatal genetic testing than your provider does. Do not hesitate to request an appointment with a genetic specialist to discuss any of your questions further.

Mama, trust yourself. People are going to have all kinds of advice regarding genetic screeningsand it's okay to listen if you want to. But ultimately, you have to make the best decision for you. This is a great time to tune out the noise, get evidence-based and personalized information from your provider, and then listen to your gut. There is no right answer here, so doing what feels right is totally appropriate.

Some women choose to have all the available tests done, while others decline all of them. The majority of women probably fall somewhere in the middle.

Mama, it's all okay.

Here's a way to make the decision: Think about what you are going to do with the information you receive. Consider this:

If the test comes back saying your baby has a very low chance of having a chromosomal abnormality, will that help you to feel more relaxed during your pregnancy? Or would you rather not think about this knowledge one way or the other?

If the test comes back saying that your baby has a high chance of having a chromosomal abnormality, will you then choose to have an amniocentesis to get more reliable information?

If you do choose an amniocentesis, and it reveals that your baby does indeed have a chromosomal abnormality, does that impact your decision-making moving forward? Will you, for example, appreciate knowing this information so you can begin to make special plans for caring for the baby? Will you choose to terminate the pregnancy? If the answer to both of those questions is no, perhaps you may not want to have the testing at all.

Again, it's complicated. But just like with all of pregnancy and parenting, there is no one right way to do things. The world is full of ideas and judgment, but in these moments, focus on your needs and desires and your provider's guidance.

A portion of this article has been excerpted from The Motherly Guide to Becoming Mama.

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Should I get prenatal genetic screening? The most common questions, answered. - Motherly Inc.

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

While identifying new genetic targets and developing novel drugs is important for the future of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), more emphasis should be put on improving patient access to existing targeted treatments, according to Dr. Nathan A. Pennell.

In an interview with OncLive, CUREs sister publication, Pennell, an associate professor in thedepartment of medicine and director of the lung cancer medical oncology program at theTaussig Cancer Institute of Cleveland Clinic,spoke about current and emerging treatment options in NSCLC, including immunotherapy combinations and personalized treatments involving T cells.

But when it comes to the future, Pennell said, identifying targetable genetic alterations in patients and treating them with existing drugs should be a key area of focus.

Studies have shown that probably fewer than half of people with targetable genetic alterations in lung cancer are being identified and never receiving treatment for this, Pennell said, and I think before we move on to the next exciting drug or the next exciting marker, we should spend a little time making sure that every patient is identified and gets access to the treatments that we already have.

Transcription:

We've made such tremendous progress over the last decade. And just it seems like every year, new targets are emerging and new drugs are getting approved. And so, the speed with which we're moving from discovery to actually treating people has been staggering, and I hope that continues.

There continue to be very promising emerging biomarkers including KRAS mutations, again, HER2 mutations. There certainly is lots of room for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy, which can be tremendously life changing and potentially even curative in patients with metastatic disease. But unfortunately, it's only really working in a minority of patients and so lots of room to be improved in that.

I think combinations of immunotherapy and perhaps even more personalized immunotherapy, using T-cells that recognize individual patients tumors, may be the future for this, or personalized tumor vaccines.

But honestly, instead of just focusing on discovering new treatments and new targets, I think we should focus more on applying what we already know. So, we have tremendous treatments for patients with specific subgroups of lung cancer, but studies have shown that probably fewer than half of people with targetable genetic alterations in lung cancer are being identified and never receiving treatment for this. And I think before we move on to the next exciting drug or the next exciting marker, we should spend a little time making sure that every patient is identified and gets access to the treatments that we already have.

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Personalized Medicine, Genetic Testing Could Shape the Future of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer - Curetoday.com

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

An employee works in a protective suit in a laboratory of the biotech company Qiagen in Germany, September 8, 2020.

Fabian Strauch | picture alliance | Getty Images

German genetic testing companyQiagenannounced Tuesday that it plans to launch a new antigen test for the coronavirus that it says could eventually be deployed in airports and stadiums if it receives the appropriate authorizations.

The company said it plans to launch two versions of the antigen test in the U.S. later this year: one version that's meant to be processed in a clinical laboratory and another that's portable and can be processed at point of care. The company has not yet applied for emergency use authorization from the Food and Drug Administration but said it plans to.

If the test, called theAccess Antigen Test, is granted FDA authorization for point-of-care use and if it's waived from the requirements under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments, Qiagen said, the test could be used in high-volume settings such as airports and stadiums to test people with symptoms. Rapidly testing symptomatic people could become increasingly important in the fall and winter as seasonal influenza, which causes many of the same early symptoms as seen in Covid-19, spreads in the Northern Hemisphere.

"The portable test offers a new combination of speed and scale that marks an important step towards decentralized mass testing that health authorities all over the world have been urgently seeking," the company said in a release.

The test, which wasdeveloped in collaboration withAustralian diagnostics company Ellume, can screen up to eight nasal-swab samples simultaneously, the company said. Administrators of the test use a small digital platform, called an eHub, which was launched in August with Qiagen's antibody test, to process the nasal swabs.

The platform can yield results in less than 15 minutes, the company said, and can process an average of about 30 swab samples every hour. Qiagen added that the test correctly diagnoses a positive coronavirus infection 90% of the time and correctly diagnoses a negative result 100% of the time. The company did not elaborate on the methods used to arrive at the accuracy conclusions.

The company has not yet disclosed a price point for the test, but Qiagen CEO Thierry Bernard called the tests "cost-effective." Qiagen also did not disclose details on how many tests it will be able to manufacture.

In a statement, Bernard added that the antigen tests are meant to supplement, not replace, the molecular, or PCR, tests, which are the most accurate tests on the market. PCR tests, however, are dependent on a strained supply chain of technical laboratory equipment, need to be processed by trained scientists and can take hours or days to yield results.

The company added that it will also apply for certification in Europe.

"The Access Antigen Test is fast, easy to use and cost-effective and will be a valuable tool to address the so far unmet high-volume testing needs for SARS-CoV-2 antigens in situations where time is of the essence," Bernard said in a statement. "It will deliver highly accurate results and will complement the gold-standard PCR tests used for detection of active COVID-19 infection. PCR tests offer a high level of diagnostic accuracy but are time-consuming and lab-bound."

CNBC's Meg Tirrell contributed to this report.

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Qiagen to launch rapid coronavirus test it says could be used in airports and stadiums - CNBC

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Fort Collins, Colorado The Global Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing Market research report offers insightful information on the Global Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing market for the base year 2019 and is forecast between 2020 and 2027. Market value, market share, market size, and sales have been estimated based on product types, application prospects, and regional industry segmentation. Important industry segments were analyzed for the global and regional markets.

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have been observed across all sectors of all industries. The economic landscape has changed dynamically due to the crisis, and a change in requirements and trends has also been observed. The report studies the impact of COVID-19 on the market and analyzes key changes in trends and growth patterns. It also includes an estimate of the current and future impact of COVID-19 on overall industry growth.

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The report has a complete analysis of the Global Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing Market on a global as well as regional level. The forecast has been presented in terms of value and price for the 8 year period from 2020 to 2027. The report provides an in-depth study of market drivers and restraints on a global level, and provides an impact analysis of these market drivers and restraints on the relationship of supply and demand for the Global Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing Market throughout the forecast period.

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The research report is an investigative study that provides a conclusive overview of the Global Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing business division through in-depth market segmentation into key applications, types, and regions. These segments are analyzed based on current, emerging and future trends. Regional segmentation provides current and demand estimates for the Global Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing industry in key regions in North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa.

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In market segmentation by types of Global Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing, the report covers-

In market segmentation by applications of the Global Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing, the report covers the following uses-

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(Covid-19 Impact)Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing Market Size is Thriving Worldwide 2020 | Growth and Profit Analysis, Forecast by 2027 - The...

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New Jersey, United States, The Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market report 2020 provides a detailed impression, describe the product industry scope and the market expanded insights and forecasts up to 2027. It shows market data according to industry drivers, restraints and opportunities, analyzes the market status, the industry share, size, future Trends and growth rate of the market. The Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market report is categorized by application, end user, technology, product / service types, and other, as well as by region. In addition, the report includes the calculated expected CAGR of chitosan acetate-market derivative from the earlier records of the Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market, and current market trends, which are organized with future developments.

Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market was valued at USD 401.49 million in 2019 and is projected to reach USD 796.89 million by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 9.65% from 2020 to 2027.

1.Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market, By Technology:

Next-Generation Sequencing Polymerase Chain Reaction Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Comparative Genomic Hybridization Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism

2.Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market, By Procedure Type:

Preimplantation Genetic Screening Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

3.Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market, By Application:

Aneuploidy Structural Chromosomal Abnormalities Translocations Deletions Duplications Inversions Single Gene Disorders X-Linked Disorders HLA Typing Gender Identification

4.Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market, By Products And Services:

Reagents and Consumables Instruments Software and Services

5.Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market, By End User:

Maternity Centers & Fertility Clinics Hospitals, Diagnostic Labs, and Service Providers Research Laboratories & Academic Institutes

The report provides detailed coverage of the Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market, including structure, definitions, applications, and Industry Chain classifications. The Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market analysis is provided for the international markets including development trends, competitive landscape analysis, investment plan, business strategy, opportunities and development status of key regions. Development policies and plans are discussed and manufacturing processes and cost structures analyzed. This report also includes information on import / export consumption, supply and demand, costs, industry share, policy, Price, Sales and gross margins.

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Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market forecast up to 2027, with information such as company profiles, product picture and specification, capacity production, price, cost, revenue, and contact information. Upstream raw materials and equipment as well as downstream demand analyses are also carried out. The Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market size, development trends and marketing channels are analyzed. Finally, the feasibility of new investment projects is assessed and general research results are offered.

The Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market was created on the basis of an in-depth market analysis with contributions from industry experts. The report covers the growth prospects in the coming years and the discussion of the main providers.

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As Marina Giokas sails the Strait of Georgia off the southwestern coast of B.C., her phone rings. Despite being on the high seas, the West Vancouver communications and finance consultants cell signal is clear as a bell.

Youve got to love technology, she quips.

Giokas means that in more ways than one. Since 2018, Giokas has depended on nutrigenomics the way genes interact with different foods and nutrients to personalize her diet.

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Since taking a DNA test through Vancouver company dnaPower Inc., Giokas has been using the companys resulting personalized report to discover the best diet for her genetic makeup.

It goes deep, she says of the service. Its about what your body does not tolerate and what it needs more of.

Marina Giokas, pictured here with her boat in West Vancouver, uses a personalized nutrigenomics report to guide her diet choices.

Darryl Dyck / THE GLOBE AND MAIL

Giokas now eats more fruit and vegetables, washing them thoroughly to remove any pesticides or chemicals. And shes said goodbye to supplements. Instead, Giokas has replaced them with the B vitamins the report said she needed.

After a tough year of treatment for breast cancer in 2017/2018, shes hoping these simple changes to her diet and exercise regime will keep her feeling healthier.

Personalized diet and wellness plans based on DNA have grown in popularity in recent years as Canadians look for new, tech-savvy ways to improve their health. According to Statistics Canada, 63.1 per cent of Canadians are now considered either overweight or obese.

Health experts have long known that a one-size-fits-all approach to diet doesnt work. One person might drop 20 pounds on a high fat diet or low carb diet, while the scales needle doesnt budge for someone else who eats the same foods. So how can we know in advance which side of the equation someone will land on?

Clients of dnaPower Inc. receive a swab to collect their DNA, then send it back through the mail.

Darryl Dyck / THE GLOBE AND MAIL

Lois Nahirney, president and founder of dnaPower, says she gets asked that question all the time, particularly in relation to the popular low-carb, high-fat Ketogenic diet. When people ask her if its right for them, she responds, It depends.

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Im looking at a report right now that shows this person has a problem with dietary saturated fats. Thats someone who would have some challenges on a Keto diet, she explains. Based on this persons DNA, the company would likely recommend eating unsaturated fats found in flaxseed oil, hemp seed and walnuts. Leafy greens would get a thumbs up too, while dairy and fatty meats would go on the no-no list.

The idea behind nutrigenomics is that by understanding your unique DNA, you can match your diet choices to how your body processes nutrients. For example, research has linked specific genes, or groups of genes, to conditions like lactose sensitivity, food allergies, gluten intolerance and caffeine sensitivity. Nutrigenomics may reveal that someone should stay away from too much coffee, eat more healthy fats or specific vitamin-rich foods, for example.

Taking a DNA test is as easy as sticking a swab in your cheek and then mailing it back, says Nahirney. Results still come back within two to six weeks, and clients then can go over the results with a dnaPower dietitian. The cost is $299. (DNA-based reports addressing other wellness areas like exercise and brain health are also available for an added fee.)

Lois Nahirney, founder and CEO of dnaPOWER, at her home office in Vancouver.

Darryl Dyck / THE GLOBE AND MAIL

dnaPower is only one of many companies using biometric readings to create targeted health and diet plans. Theres DNAfit from the U.K. which provides everything from sleep and stress reports to personalized diets and meal plans. Milwaukee, WI-based GenoPalate offers personalized recipes built from clients genetic results, and Torontos Nutrigenomix promises a way to eat according to your genes.

But the question for most potential clients might be: Does it work?

Kristin Kirkpatrick, a registered dietitian and wellness manager for the Cleveland Clinic Wellness Institute, says she has seen firsthand how personalized nutrigenomic testing has helped patients commit to their diet once they understand which diets and exercise programs may work best for them. Some have switched from a Keto diet to a Mediterranean-based one. Others have swapped resistance training for more aerobic exercise.

Still, while DNA testing for wellness offers the potential for addressing more serious health conditions in the future, theres more research to be done first, she says.

Though DNA-based diets are trending and gaining valuable evidence through studies, we are not ready for prime time quite yet for recommending to all populations, she says, mentioning that people may also be unable to afford genetic testing since it is not typically covered by insurance.

But Giokas is glad she took the plunge and shelled out for the test, even if she falls off the wagon from time to time, tempted by cheese and popcorn. Having her DNA-based health plan gives her the motivation to get back on track.

Im amazed just how simple it is to take control of your health once you have the information, she says.

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New Jersey, United States, The Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market report 2020 provides a detailed impression, describe the product industry scope and the market expanded insights and forecasts up to 2027. It shows market data according to industry drivers, restraints and opportunities, analyzes the market status, the industry share, size, future Trends and growth rate of the market. The Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market report is categorized by application, end user, technology, product / service types, and other, as well as by region. In addition, the report includes the calculated expected CAGR of chitosan acetate-market derivative from the earlier records of the Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market, and current market trends, which are organized with future developments.

Global Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market was valued at USD 789.92 Million in 2018 and is projected to reach USD 2,361.12 Billion by 2026, growing at a CAGR of 14.59% from 2019 to 2026.

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Global Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market, By Test Type

Predictive Testing Carrier Testing Nutrigenomics Testing Others

Global Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market, By Technology

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Chips Whole Genome Sequencing Targeted Analysis

The report provides detailed coverage of the Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market, including structure, definitions, applications, and Industry Chain classifications. The Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market analysis is provided for the international markets including development trends, competitive landscape analysis, investment plan, business strategy, opportunities and development status of key regions. Development policies and plans are discussed and manufacturing processes and cost structures analyzed. This report also includes information on import / export consumption, supply and demand, costs, industry share, policy, Price, Sales and gross margins.

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Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market forecast up to 2027, with information such as company profiles, product picture and specification, capacity production, price, cost, revenue, and contact information. Upstream raw materials and equipment as well as downstream demand analyses are also carried out. The Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market size, development trends and marketing channels are analyzed. Finally, the feasibility of new investment projects is assessed and general research results are offered.

The Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market was created on the basis of an in-depth market analysis with contributions from industry experts. The report covers the growth prospects in the coming years and the discussion of the main providers.

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Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Market is Thriving Worldwide 2020 | Trends, Growth and Profit Analysis, Forecast by 2027 - The Daily...

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The GlobalGenetic Testing Market report contains a complete analysis of the different aspects of the market such as the market size, key marketing regions, key players, leading firms, market structure, segmentation, revenue generation, demand, research, and development, and top marketing strategies. The Genetic Testing Market report provides comprehensive data for the latest market entrants. Furthermore, the explosion delivers a market summary, SWOT analysis, and total market share.

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List ofTop Key Playersof Genetic Testing Market:

HI GeneRegulatoryAnnoroadSinoGenoMaxGenePlanetCounsyl, Inc.RepconexNatera, IncBiomarkerGeeppine360Jiyin23andMe, IncCapitalBioBiomedlabGene by GeneUnited GeneGeneDxFind Bio-TechAiyin GeneCourtagen Life SciencesAgenGeneTestsAsper BiotechPathway GenomicsNovogeneBGIGene KangBerry GenomicsAijiyin

Genetic Testing Market report also covers a comprehensive analysis of the competitive landscape, upcoming development trends, and key manufacturers of the industry. The recovery from COVID-19 is likewise being shared through this report discussed with the expertise in the industry. Besides the summary, the report shares a huge region of knowledge that has comprehensive evolution, definitions & classifications, with expert opinion. Also, itll mention Capacity, Amount, Revenue, Cost, and Gross margin of profit, growth rate, Import, Export, Market Share, and Technological Developments.

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Genetic Testing Market Segment by Type:

CancerCystic fibrosisSickle cell anemiaDuchenne muscular dystrophyAlzheimer diseaseThalassemiaHuntington diseaseOthers

Genetic Testing Market segment by Application:

Newborn screeningDiagnostic testingCarrier testingPreimplantation genetic diagnosisPrenatal diagnosisPredictive and presymptomatic testingPharmacogenomics

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The Genetic Testing Market Research report delivers an all-inclusive overview of the competitive landscape along with an in-depth analysis of the company profiles, revenue estimation, and gross margin profits, and market size and share. Furthermore, the report studies the strategic initiatives taken by the companies to expand their customer base, market size. It also evaluates key industry trends and sales and distribution channels.

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Table of Contents

1. Research Methodology 2. Executive Summary 3.Market Overview 3.1. Definition 3.2. Genetic Testing Industry Market Value Chain Analysis 3.3. Porters 5 Forces 3.4. Regulations 4. Market Dynamics 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Drivers 4.3. Constraints 4.4. Trends 5. Global Genetic Testing Market Segmentation, Forecasts, and Trends by Application 6. Global Genetic Testing Market Segmentation, Forecasts, and Trends by Technology 7. Global Genetic Testing Market Segmentation, Forecasts, and Trends by Region 8. Competitive Intelligence 8.1. Company Market Share Analysis 9. Company Profiles 10. Investment Opportunities

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Global Genetic Testing Market By Covid-19 Impact Analysis, Global Industry Report: Overview with Product Scope, Opportunities Risk, Top Participants,...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Trusted Business Insights answers what are the scenarios for growth and recovery and whether there will be any lasting structural impact from the unfolding crisis for the Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing market.

Trusted Business Insights presents an updated and Latest Study on Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Market 2019-2029. The report contains market predictions related to market size, revenue, production, CAGR, Consumption, gross margin, price, and other substantial factors. While emphasizing the key driving and restraining forces for this market, the report also offers a complete study of the future trends and developments of the market.The report further elaborates on the micro and macroeconomic aspects including the socio-political landscape that is anticipated to shape the demand of the Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing market during the forecast period (2019-2029).It also examines the role of the leading market players involved in the industry including their corporate overview, financial summary, and SWOT analysis.

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Abstract, Snapshot, Market Analysis & Market Definition: Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing MarketIndustry / Sector Trends

Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Market size was valued at USD 831.5 million in 2018 and is expected to witness 15.2% CAGR from 2019 to 2025.

U.S. DTC Genetic Testing Market Size, By Test Type, 2018 & 2025 (USD Million)

Rising prevalence of genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis and Alzheimers globally is one of the major factors fostering direct-to-consumer genetic testing market growth. According to Global Genes, over 300 million people globally suffer from rare diseases. Recently developed DTC genetic tests allows consumer to identify probability of acquiring a specific genetic disease. Therefore, increasing adoption of DTC genetic testing for early disease detection and identification of genetic diseases will boost the industry growth over forecast timeline.

Increasing demand for personalized medications to treat genetic diseases will positively impact industry growth in forthcoming years. Individuals genome must be tested to develop personalized medicines. This increases the demand for DTC genetic kits since, it provides detailed information about individuals genetic predisposition. As detailed information regarding genetic makeup of individuals is easily available with the use of DTC genetic kits, researchers can easily design and develop personalized medicine that would help in faster patient recovery. Aforementioned factor is expected to drive the industry growth. However, high cost of DTC genetic testing kits may hamper industry growth to some extent during the forecast period.

Market Segmentation, Outlook & Regional Insights: Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Market

Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Market, By Test Type

Predictive testing segment will experience around 17% growth throughout the analysis period. Considerable segmental growth can be associated with rising prevalence of genetic diseases. Recently developed DTC genetic tests help to identify mutations that increase the chances of acquiring specific disease accurately. Surging awareness regarding benefits of such presymptomatic testing has reduced the mortality rates by enabling effective management of disease. Above mentioned factors have stimulated the segmental growth that is predicted to continue over the forecast timeframe.

Ancestry and relationship testing segment accounted for over 43% revenue share in 2018. Increasing awareness regarding ethnicity tests amongst the American and European population has increased the demand for DTC genetic tests. Accuracy and efficiency possessed by these tests has fostered segmental growth. Moreover, ancestry tests developed by companies such as Ancestry.com are user friendly. Availability of robust DTC ancestry tests providing meaningful clinical, genealogical and even forensic information will positively impact the segment growth.

Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Market, By Technology

Targeted analysis segment was valued over USD 310 million in 2018. Targeted analysis is utilized for determining the defects in genes that are responsible for a particular disorder. Targeted genotyping can accurately measure an individuals gene pool that encodes important information regarding various diseases. Targeted analysis can be conducted at significant low cost compared to other available techniques that should augment its adoption rate over forecast timeframe.

Single nucleotide polymorphism segment will experience around 15% growth throughout the forecast period. Single nucleotide polymorphism chips specifically detect changes in single nucleotide that increases the efficiency of tests. For instance, SNP chips utilized for diagnosing hereditary cancers have detected 1300 mutations in BRCA2 genes. Various companies such as Ancestry.com and Color Genomics utilize SNP arrays that analyse gene sequences at a specific resolution and reveal detailed analysis about the defective genes that may in future cause certain disease. Increasing adoption of such advanced SNP chips in DTC testing kits will trigger the segmental growth.

Germany DTC Genetic Testing Market Size, By Technology, 2018 (USD Million)

Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Market, By Region

North America direct-to-consumer genetic testing market accounted for around 39% regional share in 2018. Regional market growth can be attributed to increasing prevalence of genetic diseases. Rare genetic diseases such as thalassemia, hemophilia and anaemia require continuous and critical monitoring. According to CDC, every year more than 1,000 people are affected by thalassemia. Furthermore, American population has higher literacy rate and also, awareness regarding DTC tests is high amongst the American population that augments demand for DTC genetic tests.

Europe is estimated to experience around 15% growth over the coming years. European direct-to-consumer genetic testing market is highly regulated and for carrying out some of the genetic tests through DTC kits, customers are required to have physicians prescription. However, currently, European regulatory bodies are working on improving regulations set on DTC tests due to improved accuracy and efficiency possessed by them. Thus, improvement in regulatory scenario will positively impact regional market growth.

Latin America DTC Genetic Testing Market Size, By Country, 2025 (USD Million)

Key Players, Recent Developments & Sector Viewpoints: Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Market

Few of the eminent industry players operating in direct-to-consumer genetic testing market are Ancestry, 23andMe, Color, Family Tree DNA, EasyDNA, Helix, Identigene, Full Genomes, Genesis HealthCare, Karmagenes, MyHeritage, MapMyGenome, Living DNA and Pathway Genomics. Chief industry players implement numerous initiatives such as mergers, acquisitions and new product launch to maintain their market position. Receiving approvals from regulatory bodies for new products will also foster companys revenue share. For instance, in October 2018, 23andme received first U.S. FDA approval for de novotechnology utilized in pharmacogenomic tests. This approval will enable company to launch innovative products, thereby fostering companys growth.

Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing Industry Viewpoint

Direct-to-consumer genetic testing industry can be traced back to early 2000s. Earlier DTC tests were thought to be convenient as they would allow the patients to access their genetic information without involvement of physician. Although, DTC genetic testing kits had several benefits, in the initial days, they were stringently regulated by regulatory bodies. Regulatory scenario has always been stringent since the introduction of DTC genetic kits in European countries. Currently, there has been change in the regulatory scenario and European countries have started receiving approval for DTC genetic kits. Defects in the DTC kits have been reduced and people have started relying on these kits. DTC genetic testing market is sort of matured in North America due to numerous technological advancements and is still in developing phase in Asian countries. With further advancements in technology, DTC genetic tests industry will experience numerous growth opportunitie

Key Insights Covered: Exhaustive Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Market1. Market size (sales, revenue and growth rate) of Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing industry.2. Global major manufacturers operating situation (sales, revenue, growth rate and gross margin) of Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing industry.3. SWOT analysis, New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis, Upstream raw materials and manufacturing equipment & Industry chain analysis of Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing industry.4. Market size (sales, revenue) forecast by regions and countries from 2019 to 2025 of Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing industry.

Research Methodology: Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Market

Looking for more? Check out our repository for all available reports on Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing in related sectors.

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Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Market: Trends, Applications, Industry Competitive Analysis, Growth,Forecast: 2019 to 2029 - The News Brok

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

We're so close to eradicating polio. Here's why we need $1.5 billion more to finish the job.

By Ryan Hyland and Erin Biba

When was polio last in Europe? If you guessed 2002, the year the region was certified polio-free, youre wrong.

The last time polio affected a child in Europe was 2015. Two Ukrainian children were diagnosed with paralytic polio, and that likely means that many more were infected and didnt show symptoms. At least one Western news outlet deemed the outbreak crazy but the reality is that no place on Earth is safe from polio until the disease is eradicated everywhere.

Ukraine had fully vaccinated only 50 percent of its children against polio, and low immunization rates are a recipe for an outbreak. In this case, a rare mutation in the weakened strain used in the oral polio vaccine was able to spread because so many children had not been vaccinated. To stop it from progressing, the country needed to administer 6 million vaccines through an emergency program.

Rotary was there at the beginning of the global effort to eradicate polio, says International PolioPlus Committee Chair Michael K. McGovern. It would be unfortunate if Rotary isnt there at the finish line. Weve done too much; weve made too much progress to walk away before we finish.

Finding poliovirus outside Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Pakistan, the only countries that have yet to eradicate it, is not unusual. In 2014, just before the World Cup brought travelers from all over the planet to Brazil, poliovirus was detected in the sewage system at So Paulos Viracopos International Airport. Using genetic testing, officials traced its origin to Equatorial Guinea. Brazils regular vaccination efforts kept the disease from showing up beyond the airport doors.

Those are frustrating examples for the thousands of people around the world working to eradicate polio. The fight has come a long way, but it is far from over. And while many involved in the effort say we may detect the final naturally occurring case of polio this year, getting to that point and ensuring that the disease remains gone will continue to require money, hard work, and the support of Rotarians around the world.

Here are the steps needed to ensure polio is truly gone forever:

One of the most important aspects of the fight to eradicate polio is detection. This requires continuous surveillance that is complicated and costly. Polio surveillance consists of two parts. First, doctors and community health workers monitor children for acute flaccid paralysis. The second part of the process involves local authorities collecting samples from sewage systems or in places that don't have adequate sanitation facilities, including rivers or bodies of water near a large group of residents.

Ninety percent of people infected with the virus show no symptoms, and those who do usually have mild symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and headaches. Only one in every 200 cases of the illness results in paralysis, which means that for every child who is paralyzed, several hundred are carrying the disease and may not show it.

And not every case of paralysis is caused by polio. Other viruses that can cause the polio-like symptoms known as acute flaccid paralysis include Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, and Zika. To determine if a patient has polio, health workers must collect two stool specimens 14 days apart and send them to a lab for testing.

To find the patients who don't present symptoms or don't make it to a clinic, Rotary and its partners in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) --- composed of the World Health Organization, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), UNICEF, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation --- have set up environmental sampling sites in the areas that are most susceptible to the disease.

Fifteen to 20 countries are still at high risk despite having eradicated the illness. Because the poliovirus is most easily detected, and most easily contracted, through stool, researchers take samples from sewage systems and, in places that don't have sewer infrastructure, from rivers and open gutters.

GPEI has developed a network of 145 laboratories around the world that can identify the disease, and Rotary has played a leading role in supporting these facilities.

But regular environmental surveillance is "logistically not so easy to do and it's relatively expensive. It adds a considerable burden to the labs to process the sewage samples," says Stephen Cochi, senior adviser to the director, Global Immunization Division, at the CDC. "It costs real money to keep that network operational, and this lab network is the most highly sophisticated, state-of-the-art infectious-disease network in the world. Rotarians should be proud of that --- it's the No. 1 network, bar none."

As part of this system of labs, Rotary has helped fund small, sophisticated local laboratories to track genetic variations of the disease. All viruses mutate to confuse the human immune system, but the poliovirus is notorious for doing so at a rapid rate.

One of these labs allowed Brazilian authorities to trace the virus at So Paulo airport to Equatorial Guinea more than 6,400 kilometers (4,000 miles) away.

Vigilance is key to successful surveillance, says Michel Zaffran, director of polio eradication at WHO. "This is a hidden cost to the program that people don't realize is absolutely necessary to maintain," he said.

The GPEI is providing surveillance in about 72 countries, RI President John F. Germ said at Rotary's World Polio Day event on 24 October 2016. "It's an expensive fight," he said.

The appearance of polio in Ukraine in 2015 is a perfect example of why continued vaccination campaigns are essential --- and not only in Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Pakistan. Large-scale vaccinations are enormous undertakings that require money as well as thousands of volunteers on the ground. And in places where the vaccination programs have been successful, the challenge is now to locate and vaccinate that small percentage of children who have been missed.

The vaccine itself isn't the biggest expense in a vaccination. It's the distribution of the vaccine --- transportation and staffing, for example --- that costs so much. In January, a grant from Rotary covered the costs of an Afghanistan vaccination campaign that involved more than 57,000 vaccinators, 3,100 vehicles, and 3,400 social mobilizers. In Niger, funds covered the cost of using 17 boats, 1,150 carts, 1,071 vehicles, and 1,530 motorbikes.

Funds also went to initiatives in Somalia to cover the cost of more than 400 micro-planning workshops, 13,800 vaccinator and announcer trainings, and the use of more than 1,700 vehicles.

"I think sometimes people don't realize the scale of what these immunization campaigns are actually like," McGovern says. "Rotary and its partners have administered 15 billion doses since 2000. We've immunized 2.5 billion kids. Repeatedly reaching the kids to raise their immunization levels is very personnel-intensive."

A vaccination campaign is almost mind-bogglingly complex. Rotarians' contributions pay for planning by technical experts, large-scale communication efforts to make people aware of the benefits of vaccinations and the dates of the campaign, and support for volunteers to go door-to-door in large cities as well as in remote areas that may not appear on any map.

It sometimes includes overcoming local distrust of government or outsiders and negotiating complicated religious doctrine. And it means trying to understand the movements of nomadic populations or people pushed out of their homes because of unrest.

Regardless of how they live their lives, each of these children must be vaccinated.

Even if the last case of polio is identified this year, a huge amount of work will remain to ensure that it stays gone, which means vaccinating children for at least three more years.

And the vaccine itself will have to change.

Today's oral vaccines contain a weakened live version of the virus, which is much more effective at protecting communities from outbreaks and is less expensive to manufacture and distribute.

The live-virus vaccine, which has reduced polio by more than 99.9 percent, can, rarely, mutate back to a virulent form.

So once the virus has been certified eradicated, all of the live-virus vaccine around the world will be destroyed and replaced with an injectable vaccine that does not contain the live virus. And polio vaccinations will become a part of routine immunization programs around the world.

Once the final case of polio is recorded, it will take at least three years to ensure that the last case is, in fact, the final one. All of the eradication activities will continue to need funding and volunteers through at least 2020.

"We are so close," says John Sever, vice chair of Rotary's International PolioPlus Committee, who has been part of the eradication effort since the beginning. "We've got a 99.9 percent reduction in polio. But we're not there yet. Rotarians and others have to keep working. People will naturally say, 'Well, it seems to be basically gone so let's move on to other things,' but the fact is it isn't gone, and if we move on and don't complete the job, we set ourselves up for having the disease come right back."

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Why Rotary is investing in zero and beyond - World - ReliefWeb

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She's the oldest snake documented in a zoo, and now the Saint Louis Zoo says this ball python just laid eggs, despite not being with a male companion in 15 years

ST. LOUIS A snake at the Saint Louis Zoo pulled off what seems like an impossible feat. She laid eggs this summer despite not being with a male companion in more than a decade.

On Tuesday, the zoo announced a ball python laid eggs back on July 23 at the Charles H. Hoessle Herpetarium.

This snake is more than 50 years old and is the oldest snake documented in a zoo, the Saint Louis Zoo reported. Plus, she hasnt been with a male in more than 15 years.

The zoo explained this isnt unheard of. Plus, theres not just one way it could have happened but actually two.

Keepers at the zoo explained ball pythons can reproduce sexually and asexually, which means the snake wouldnt need a partner to produce the eggs. On top of that, snakes are known to store sperm to fertilize eggs at a later time.

Now the question is, which of the two explanations is the reason for the eggs? the Saint Louis Zoo asked on social media. Zoo staff members plan to find out.

Without genetic testing, Zoo staff won't know if this ball python reproduced sexually or asexually, but they intend to find out. As the keepers continue to incubate the eggs, they will be sending off samples for genetic testing, the zoo explained.

The Saint Louis Zoo shared a video of the ball python featuring photos of her wrapped around her eggs and staff members carefully examining them.

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50-year-old snake that hasn't been with a partner in 15 years just laid eggs - 11Alive.com WXIA

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Global Newborn Genetic Testing Market 20202026: Industry Analysis, Growth Analysis, Price Analysis, And Trends

The comprehensive research report on theNewborn Genetic TestingMarketinfluences iterative and comprehensive research methodology to offer insights of the existing market scenario over the forecast timeframe. The report also delivers in-depth details about the growth and development trends that will have a major impact on the behavior of theNewborn Genetic Testingmarket in the approaching years. Furthermore, the report touches upon other key pointers such as the regional aspects and policies overriding the industry. Apart from this, the study highlights the COVID-19 pandemics effect on the revenue share and yearly growth rate of the market.

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The Newborn Genetic Testing market report has comprehensively provided information regarding the driving forces that have a huge impact on the market size. In addition, the dynamics of the industry are defined by studying the current and future trends of this industry vertical. Along with the competitive terrain even the regional landscape of the Newborn Genetic Testing market is provided. The vast research can be clearly seen through the market analysis that provides data associated with advantages and disadvantages of the products developed by the manufacturersSequenom, Agilent Technologies, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Illumina. Additionally, the entire evolution of the market dynamics along with the supply and demand chain of the product is presented in the research report. Furthermore, the market segmentation that is included in the report is{Techniques, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization (FISH), Array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH)}; {Clinics, Hospitals, Laboratories, Other}.

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New research shows that the novel coronavirus can essentially dice the muscle fibers of the human heart into pieces, sparking concerns about the potential for heart failure among Covid-19 survivors, Elizabeth Cooney reports for STAT News.

Resources to support your CV telehealth strategy

For the study, which was published preprint on bioRxiv and has not yet been peer reviewed, researchers added the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, to three types of human heart cellscardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, and endothelial cellsthat were grown in lab dishes from stem cells.

Only the cardiomyocytes, which are muscle cells, showed indication of viral infection that spread to other muscle cells, the researchers said. However, what they found in the infected cells was remarkable: The sarcomeres, which are the long muscle fibers that keep the heart beating, had been sliced into small bits. According to the researchers, the fibers looked as if they had been surgically sliced.

The researchers also found black holes where DNA was supposed to be in the nucleus of the infected cells. The researchers said they found similar, but not identical, changes when they observed autopsy specimens from patients with Covid-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus.

It's unclear whether the heart is able to reassemble the sarcomeres after they're severed, but that might be possible after the coronavirus infection clears, the researchers said. However, the researchers said they felt an urgency to share their results as quickly as possible, because their findings may help to further scientists' understanding of how the coronavirus causes heart damagesand possibly how to prevent or treat the injuries.

"When we saw this disruption in those microfibers that was when we made the decision to pull the trigger and put out this preprint," Todd McDevitt, a senior investigator at Gladstone Institutes and a co-author of the study, said. "I'm not a scientist who likes to stoke these things [but] I did not sleep, honestly, while we were finishing this paper and putting it out there."

Bruce Conklin, also a senior investigator at Gladstone and a co-author of the study, said the virus caused "carnage in the human cells" unlike anything seen with other diseases. "Nothing that we see in the published literature is like this in terms of this exact cutting and precise dicing," he explained.

Conklin said the findings should alter the way providers and scientists think about the novel coronavirus and Covid-19. "We should think about this as not only a pulmonary disease, but also potentially a cardiac one."

Gregg Fonarow, interim chief of the UCLA Division of Cardiology and director of the Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, said the study is "really important and elegant work, helping to define the potential mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 is leading to the observed heart damage and clinical manifestations."

Sahil Parikh, an interventional cardiologist at Columbia University Irving Medical Center, called findings "provocative," but added, "[t]he challenge here is that this paper has not been peer-reviewed by people who are experts in cardiology, who have not had a chance to tear it apart." She said, "I am reluctant to make a lot out of a pre-publication manuscript, no matter how provocative the finding."

The researchers who worked on the study agreed that their work should be reviewed, and they've submitted the study to a leading scientific journal (Cooney, STAT News, 9/4).

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How the coronavirus causes 'carnage' in the heart - The Daily Briefing

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Concerning heart failure (HF), the current COVID-19 pandemic is having a dramatic effect on the daily life of each individual, ranging from social distancing measures applied in most countries to getting severely diseased due to the virus. Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is among the most common conditions in people that die of the infection. The burden of CVD accounts for over 60 million people in the EU alone, therefore, it is the leading cause of death in the world.

Although COVID-19 shows us the direct impact of a potential treatment for peoples health, CVD is a stealthy pandemic killer. HF is a chronic disease condition in which the heart is not able to fill properly or efficiently pump blood throughout your body, caused by different stress conditions including myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, diabetes and high blood pressure. Several measures are commonly used to treat heart disease, such as lifestyle changes and medications like beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors, yet these typically only slow down the progression of the disease.

Biomedical research is exploring new avenues by combining scientific insights with new technologies to overcome chronic diseases like HF. Among the most appealing and promising technologies are the use of cardiac tissue engineering and extracellular vesicles-mediated repair strategies.

Upon an initial cell loss post-infarction, it is appealing to replace this massive loss in contractile cells for new cells and thereby not treating patients symptoms, but repairing the cause of the disease. Cardiac cell therapy has been pursued for many years with variable results in small initial trials upon injection into patients. Different cell types have been used to help the myocardium in need, but the most promising approaches aim to use induced pluripotent cells (iPS) from reprogrammed cells from the patient themselves that can be directed towards contractile myocardial cells. These cells in combination with natural materials, in which the cells are embedded in the heart, can be used for tissue engineering strategies (1). Together with different international partners, Sluijters team are trying to develop strategies to use these iPS-derived contractile cells for myocardial repair via direct myocardial injection (H2020-Technobeat-66724) or to make a scaffold that can be used as a personalised biological ventricular assist device (H2020-BRAV-874827). A combination of engineering and biology to mimic the native myocardium aims to replace the chronically ill tissue for healthy and well-coupled heart tissue that can enhance the contractile performance of the heart.

Recently, a Dutch national programme started, called RegMedXB, in which the reparative treatment of the heart is aimed to be performed outside the patients body. During the time the heart is outside the body; the patient is connected to the heart-lung machine, and after restoring function, it will be re-implanted. The so-called Cardiovascular Moonshot aims to create a therapy that best suits the individual patient, by having their heart beating in a bioreactor, outside the body. Although it sounds very futuristic, many small lessons will be learned to feet novel therapeutic insights.

The initial injection of stem cells did result in a nice improvement of myocardial performance. We have now learned that rather than these delivered cells helping the heart themselves, the release of small lipid carriers called extracellular vesicles (EVs) (2) from these cells occur. These EVs carry different biological molecules, including nucleotides, proteins and lipids, and are considered to be the bodies nanosized messengers for communication. The use of stem cell-derived EVs are now being explored as a powerful means to change the course of the disease. Via these small messengers, natural biologics are delivered to diseased cells and thereby help them to overcome the stressful circumstances. EVs carry reparative signals that can be transferred to the diseased heart and thereby change the course of heart disease in some patients.

Within the EVICARE program (3) (H2020-ERC-725229), Sluijters team are using stem cell-derived EVs to change the response of the heart to injury. Also, to understand which heart cells and processes are being affected, they use materials to facilitate a slow release of biomaterials over an extended period rather than a single dose, which is probably essential for a chronic disease like HF. For now, improved blood flow is the main aim but the team have seen other effects as well, such as cardiovascular cell proliferation (4) by which the heart cells themselves start to repair the organ.

The use of EVs basically aims to enhance the endogenous repair mechanisms of the heart. These natural carriers can be mimicked with synthetic materials, or used as a hybrid of the two, thereby creating an engineered nanoparticle, that is superior in the intracellular delivery of genetic materials. The possibility of loading different biological materials allows a further tuning of its effectiveness and use in different disease conditions, creating a new off-the-shelf delivery system for nanomedicine to treat cancer and CVD (H2020-Expert-825828).

As is true of the current COVID-19 pandemic, HF is also a growing chronic disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The chronic damaged myocardium needs reparative strategies in the future to lower the social burden for patients, but also to keep the economic consequences affordable. New scientific insights with cutting edge technological developments will help to address these needs of CVD patients and their families.

References

(1) Madonna R, Van Laake LW, Botker HE, Davidson SM, De Caterina R, Engel FB, Eschenhagen T, Fernandez-Aviles F, Hausenloy DJ, Hulot JS, Lecour S, Leor J, Menasch P, Pesce M, Perrino C, Prunier F, Van Linthout S, Ytrehus K, Zimmermann WH, Ferdinandy P, Sluijter JPG. ESC Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart: position paper for Cardiovascular Research: tissue engineering strategies combined with cell therapies for cardiac repair in ischaemic heart disease and heart failure. Cardiovasc Res. 2019 Mar 1;115(3):488-500.

(2) Sluijter JPG, Davidson SM, Boulanger, CM, Buzs EI, de Kleijn DPV, Engel FB, Giricz Z, Hausenloy DJ, Kishore R, Lecour S, Leor J, Madonna R, Perrino C, Prunier F, Sahoo S, Schiffelers RM, Schulz R, Van Laake LW, Ytrehus K, Ferdinandy P. Extracellular vesicles in diagnostics and therapy of the ischaemic heart: Position Paper from the Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart of the European Society of Cardiology. Cardiovasc Res. 2018 Jan 1;114(1):19-34.

(3) https://www.sluijterlab.com/extracellular-vesicle-inspired-ther

(4) Maring JA, Lodder K, Mol E, Verhage V, Wiesmeijer KC, Dingenouts CKE, Moerkamp AT, Deddens JC, Vader P, Smits, AM, Sluijter JPG, Goumans MJ. Cardiac Progenitor Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reduce Infarct Size and Associate with Increased Cardiovascular Cell Proliferation. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2019 Feb;12(1):5-17.

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TheGlobalAutologous Stem Cell and Non-Stem Cell Based Therapies Marketis expected to reach USD113.04 billion by 2025, from USD 87.59 billion in 2017 growing at a CAGR of 3.7% during the forecast period of 2018 to 2025. The upcoming market report contains data for historic years 2015 & 2016, the base year of calculation is 2017 and the forecast period is 2018 to 2025.

Some of the major players operating in the globalautologous stem cell and non-stem cell based therapies marketareAntria (Cro), Bioheart, Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics, Cytori, Dendreon Corporation, Fibrocell, Genesis Biopharma, Georgia Health Sciences University, Neostem, Opexa Therapeutics, Orgenesis, Regenexx, Regeneus, Tengion, Tigenix, Virxsys and many more.

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Market Definition:Global Autologous Stem Cell and Non-Stem Cell Based Therapies Market

In autologous stem-cell transplantation persons own undifferentiated cells or stem cells are collected and transplanted back to the person after intensive therapy. These therapies are performed by means of hematopoietic stem cells, in some of the cases cardiac cells are used to fix the damages caused due to heart attacks. The autologous stem cell and non-stem cell based therapies are used in the treatment of various diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and autoimmune diseases, infectious disease.

According to World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular disease (CVD) causes more than half of all deaths across the European Region. The disease leads to death or frequently it is caused by AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria combined in Europe. With the prevalence of cancer and diabetes in all age groups globally the need of steam cell based therapies is increasing, according to article published by the US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, it was reported that around 382 million people had diabetes in 2013 and the number is growing at alarming rate which has increased the need to improve treatment and therapies regarding the diseases.

Market Segmentation:Global Autologous Stem Cell and Non-Stem Cell Based Therapies Market

Major Autologous Stem Cell and Non-Stem Cell Based Therapies Market Drivers and Restraints:

Introduction of novel autologous stem cell based therapies in regenerative medicine

Reduction in transplant associated risks

Prevalence of cancer and diabetes in all age groups

High cost of autologous cellular therapies

Lack of skilled professionals

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Autologous Stem Cell and Non-Stem Cell Based Therapies Market Scope And Price Analysis 2020 | Major Giants Fibrocell, Genesis Biopharma, Georgia...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith