Dublin, Sept. 04, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The "Japan In-Vitro Diagnostics (IVD) Market, by Diagnostics, Companies, Reimbursements, Porter's Model, Growth Drivers, Opportunities Challenges" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

According to the report, Japan's In-vitro Diagnostic Market is projected to reach US$ 4.43 billion by 2026.

As most of the industry growth rate in Japan is hit due to COVID-19, but on the contrary, Japan In-Vitro Diagnostics Market is expected to put an exceptional higher growth rate in 2020 compared to its past years (read the report for Coronavirus impact on IVD industry of Japan).

In-vitro Diagnostics falls under the medical devices segment, which is used by disposable & consumable, and it is also used in many different, different types of medical tones to find multiple bio-samples. In recent years, several developments have happened in the field of In-vitro diagnostics like conventional diagnostics to new generation gene diagnostics. This has become possible with the advent of new technologies, such as genetic testing, chain reaction (PCR), next-generation sequencing (NGS), and molecular diagnostics.

Factors driving the IVD Market in Japan

In Japan, a quarter of its population age 65 years & above and also has the highest proportion of the aging population across the globe. The main problem faced by the Japanese government in recent years is the rise in the number of an aging population, as the cases of aging diseases are multiplying. Accordingly, the Japanese government has given priority to deal with the aging population, and the government is expected to devote an expanded health budget to aging by 2025. This will boost the future of the Japanese In-Vitro Diagnostics Industry by rising prevalence and increased public expenditure.

Apart from that enhanced diagnostic technology, people's awareness and the subsequent growth in the prevalence of chronic and infectious diseases, a rise in the number of private hospitals, and independent testing laboratories are also some of the other factors that contribute to its market growth. Japan's clinical laboratory markets represent one of the largest and fastest-growing markets among the top ten IVD nation markets in the Asia Pacific regions.

This report provides a complete analysis of Japan In Vitro Diagnostics (IVD) Market.

All the 11 Segments analysis of Japan In-Vitro Diagnostics Market

In this report, we have provided a complete analysis of 11 segments of the Japan In-vitro Diagnostic market. These segments are as follows Clinical Chemistry, Urine & Feces, Hematology, Tumor Marker, Self Monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG), Immunology, Infectious disease, Microbiology, Pathology, Genetic Testing, and Others. In these In vitro diagnostics segments, we have done a comprehensive analysis of each segment due to COVID-19 along with separate growth factors for each segment.

Good Reimbursement Policy is expected to further boost the Market

The report describes the scope and breadth of the reimbursement policies along with the full context. It also provides specific guidance and structure about how it operates and how Japanese authorities implement reimbursement policies. It describes how medical devices are categorized in Japan and which class In vitro diagnostic suits. It includes all medical manufacturers that have been in Japan for the past five years applying for reimbursement approval.

Key Topics Covered

1. Introduction

2. Research Methodology

3. Executive Summery

4. Market Dynamics 4.1 Growth Drivers4.2 Challenges4.3 Opportunities

5. Porter's Five Forces Analysis 5.1 Threat of New Entry5.2 The Bargaining Power of Buyer5.3 Threat of Substitution5.4 The Bargaining Power of Supplier5.5 Competitive Rivalry

6. Reimbursement Policy

7. Japan in Vitro Diagnostics Market

8. Market Share - Japan in Vitro Diagnostics 8.1 By Segment

9. Segments - Japan in Vitro Diagnostics Market 9.1 Urine & Faces Diagnostics9.2 Hematology9.3 Clinical Chemistry9.4 Self-Blood Glucose Monitoring9.5 Tumor Marker9.6 Immunology9.7 Infectious Testing9.8 Microbiology9.9 Pathology9.10 Genetic Testing9.11 Others

10. Company Analysis 10.1 Abbott Laboratories10.2 Danaher Corporation10.3 bioMerieux10.4 Roche Diagnostics10.5 Becton Dickonson

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/jbwr8d

Research and Markets also offers Custom Research services providing focused, comprehensive and tailored research.

More here:
Japanese In-Vitro Diagnostics (IVD) Industry 2020-2026 with Analysis on Abbott Labs, Danaher, bioMerieux, Roche Diagnostics and BD - GlobeNewswire

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Study on the Global Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market

The market study on the Preimplantation Genetic Testing market published by Fact.MR highlights the essential parameters that are expected to shape the growth of the Preimplantation Genetic Testing market in the upcoming years. The report maps the trajectory of the Preimplantation Genetic Testing market by taking into account historical data for the period between 20XX-20XX and considering 20XX-20XX as the forecast period.

The presented study evaluates the different factors that are likely to influence the dynamics of the Preimplantation Genetic Testing market including the current trends and recent developments on the technological front. In addition, the micro and macro-economic factors that are likely to impact the growth of the Preimplantation Genetic Testing market during the assessment period are assessed in detail.

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Segmentation of the Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market

The analysts have segmented the Preimplantation Genetic Testing market into various sections to offer a microscopic understanding of the market. The different segments studied in the report include:

Competition Tracking

The report also profiles companies operating in the preimplantation genetic testing market, which include Agilent Technologies Inc., Abbott Laboratories, CooperSurgical Inc., Oxford Gene Technology IP, Illumina, Inc., Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., PerkinElmer, Inc., Genea Limited, Natera, Inc., Rubicon Genomics, Inc., and CombiMatrix Corporation.

Note: The insights mentioned here are of the respective analysts, and do not reflect the position of Fact.MR

Critical insights enclosed in the report:

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The report aims to provide answers to the following questions related to the Preimplantation Genetic Testing market:

Ask analyst about this report at https://www.factmr.co/connectus/sample?flag=AE&rep_id=292

Why Choose Fact.MR?

Excerpt from:
Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market Industry Production and Demand, Competition News and Trends Forecasts to 2017 to 2022 - Scientect

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

CLAIM

Birthmarks are indicators of the MTHFR gene; When people have MTHFR their chances of vaccine reactions increase because they cannot detox the toxins from the vaccines

DETAILS

Incorrect: Birthmarks are not indicators of mutations in a gene that codes for an enzyme called methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR gene) or any other genetic condition. Mutations in this gene, involved in vitamin B9 production, are also not associated with a higher risk of adverse effects of vaccines. Some rare mutations in the MTHFR gene lead to a metabolic disorder, but most of the common MTHFR mutations have little or no impact on human health.Misrepresents source: The claim misrepresents findings from a single study to incorrectly associate mutations in the MTHFR gene with adverse effects from vaccination. The authors of the study denounced the inappropriate use of their article to support medical exemptions to vaccination in children who have variations in the MTHFR gene.

KEY TAKE AWAY

Every person has a gene that produces an enzyme called methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR gene), which converts folic acid into its active form folate, also called vitamin B9. This gene helps repair DNA and remove free radicals. People with some rare mutations in the gene may have an increased risk of developing skeletal and neurological problems or blood clots, due to a reduction in MTHFR enzyme activity. However, most of the common MTHFR mutations either do not affect enzyme activity or only require individuals with the mutation to supplement their diets with folic acid. No scientific evidence supports the claim that mutations in the MTHFR gene are associated with either birthmarks or a higher risk of adverse reactions to vaccines.

REVIEW A Facebook post from mid-November 2018 went viral in late August 2020, receiving tens of thousands of interactions on Facebook. The post incorrectly claims that birthmarks are indicators of the presence of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, involved in the production of vitamin B9, and that the gene is associated with a higher risk of adverse reactions to vaccines. Because the MTHFR gene is present in every person, the author of the post is likely referring to mutations in the gene, rather than the gene itself. While some rare MTHFR mutations are the cause of a metabolic disorder, most of the mutations in this gene are very common among the population and do not represent a health risk. As we explain below, there is no scientific evidence that mutations in the MTHFR gene are associated with the presence of birthmarks or a higher risk of adverse reactions to vaccines.

The MTHFR gene produces an enzyme that converts folic acid, which occurs naturally in food, to its active form folate, also called vitamin B9. Folate is essential for DNA repair, eliminating free radicals, and methylation, a process that helps regulate protein production. Specifically, folate converts the amino acid homocysteine into other amino acids involved in methylation and in the production of the antioxidant glutathione[1]. Folate deficiencies can lead to the toxic accumulation of homocysteine in the blood (hyperhomocysteinemia), which may increase the risk of spina bifida, a birth defect in which the spine and spinal cord do not form properly, as well as blood clotting and a variety of skeletal and neurological problems[2].

People who have rare mutations in the MTHFR gene can experience increased homocysteine levels in their blood due to reduced MTHFR enzyme activity. However, for people with other common MTHFR gene mutations, homocysteine levels in their blood are either unaffected or only increased when they have a dietary deficiency in folic acid[3]. Contrary to the posts claim, genetic testing has minimal clinical utility, and the diagnosis of hyperhomocysteinemia relies on a blood test that measures total levels of homocysteine[4]. However, genetic testing may be used to confirm the diagnosis of an inherited hyperhomocysteinemia caused by MTHFR deficiency.

Also contrary to the claim, there is no scientific evidence that birthmarks, such as stork bites, sugar bugs, and sacral dimples, are indicators of mutations in the MTHFR gene. These skin marks result from the overgrowth of blood vessels or pigment cells, but the cause of such overgrowth is unknown. In general, birthmarks are harmless and fade over time without requiring treatment. However, experts recommend monitoring birthmarks that are large, located along the spine, or interfere with normal activity.

There is also no scientific evidence to support the claim that mutations in the MTHFR gene increase a persons risk of adverse reactions to vaccines. This claim is likely based on a single study published in 2008 in the Journal of Infectious Diseases exploring whether one mutation in the MTHFR gene increased the risk of adverse effects to an experimental vaccine against smallpox. While the study authors observed local inflammation at the site of injection, fever, rashes, and lymph node swelling in 24 out of 46 participants, they did not report any severe or long-term effects[5]. The authors also wrote a 2019 letter clarifying that their research should not be used as evidence for an association between the MTHFR gene and an increase in adverse reactions to vaccines after several people misinterpreted their results[6]. The letter states, [t]he study was a small, underpowered, exploratory, candidate gene study conducted [more than] 15 years ago in a special populationparticipants in 2 small phase 1 studies of smallpox vaccines. This article does not meet the standards for establishing a robust genetic association.

The authors also pointed out that their study involved an experimental vaccine that was in clinical trial and not approved by the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In addition, the vaccine was for smallpox, which was eradicated in 1980. Calling attention to the inappropriate use of their study to justify vaccine exemptions, the researchers stated in their letter that:

The citation of this exploratory report, which addressed a unique set of phase 1 studies of a candidate smallpox vaccine, should not constitute an exemption from formal vaccination recommendations issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. [] It is unfortunate that the loose application of our exploratory report has been misinterpreted and used to inappropriately justify exemption of children from medically indicated vaccines.

In summary, there is no scientific evidence to support the claim that mutations in the MTHFR gene are associated with birthmarks or a higher risk of adverse events from vaccines. While some people with rare mutations of the MTHFR gene have an increased risk of blood clot formation and skeletal or neurological problems, most mutations do not affect a persons health.

Originally posted here:
A person's response to vaccination is not associated with birthmarks or the presence of mutations in a gene involved with vitamin B9 production -...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Persistence Market Research recently published a market study that sheds light on the growth prospects of the global Predictive Genetic Testing market during the forecast period (20XX-20XX). In addition, the report also includes a detailed analysis of the impact of the novel COVID-19 pandemic on the future prospects of the Predictive Genetic Testing market. The report provides a thorough evaluation of the latest trends, market drivers, opportunities, and challenges within the global Predictive Genetic Testing market to assist our clients arrive at beneficial business decisions.

The recent published research report sheds light on critical aspects of the global Predictive Genetic Testing market such as vendor landscape, competitive strategies, market drivers and challenges along with the regional analysis. The report helps the readers to draw a suitable conclusion and clearly understand the current and future scenario and trends of global Predictive Genetic Testing market. The research study comes out as a compilation of useful guidelines for players to understand and define their strategies more efficiently in order to keep themselves ahead of their competitors. The report profiles leading companies of the global Predictive Genetic Testing market along with the emerging new ventures who are creating an impact on the global market with their latest innovations and technologies.

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The recent published study includes information on key segmentation of the global Predictive Genetic Testing market on the basis of type/product, application and geography (country/region). Each of the segments included in the report is studies in relations to different factors such as market size, market share, value, growth rate and other quantitate information.

The competitive analysis included in the global Predictive Genetic Testing market study allows their readers to understand the difference between players and how they are operating amounts themselves on global scale. The research study gives a deep insight on the current and future trends of the market along with the opportunities for the new players who are in process of entering global Predictive Genetic Testing market. Market dynamic analysis such as market drivers, market restraints are explained thoroughly in the most detailed and easiest possible manner. The companies can also find several recommendations improve their business on the global scale.

The readers of the Predictive Genetic Testing Market report can also extract several key insights such as market size of varies products and application along with their market share and growth rate. The report also includes information for next five years as forested data and past five years as historical data and the market share of the several key information.

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Global Predictive Genetic Testing Market by Companies:

The company profile section of the report offers great insights such as market revenue and market share of global Predictive Genetic Testing market. Key companies listed in the report are:

key players in the predictive genetic testing market. The significant competitive strength of the existing players in the evolving landscape of the global predictive genetic testing market is anticipated to offer new prospect in widening the application of the predictive genetic testing, substantially driving predictive genetic testing market growth. The key manufacturers of the predictive genetic testing are greatly concentrated on the technical edification of the end users to improve consumer outcomes. Furthermore, the adoptions of advanced predictive genetic testing services is expected to create lucrative growth opportunities for the service and third-party market competitors. Growing inclination toward trend in predict is prevention is estimated to offer growth opportunity for Predictive genetic testing market. Selection of treatment regimen with Predictive genetic testing is projected to aid capturing higher share in Predictive genetic testing market.

Geographically, global Predictive genetic testing market is segmented into seven key regions viz. North America, Latin America, Europe, South Asia, East Asia Oceania and Middle East & Africa. North America is prominent region in Predictive genetic testing Market. Advancement in genetic care facilities, higher adoption to lifestyle changes, increase awareness about genetic disease, increase in preventative care and favorable government policies have improved the regulatory scenario for predictive genetic testing devices in north America. Additionally in Asia pacific region considerably higher market growth rate is expected due to constantly rising population and higher incidence of genetic abnormality. Relatively affecting the Predictive genetic testing market.

Some of the major key players competing in the global Predictive genetic testing Market are Myriad Genetics, Inc., Abbott Laboratories, Illumina, Inc., Genesis GeneticsThermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc., , Agilent Technologies, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Counsyl, Inc., ARUP Laboratories. BGI among others.

The report covers exhaustive analysis on:

Regional analysis includes

Report Highlights:

Global Predictive Genetic Testing Market by Geography:

For any queries get in touch with Industry Expert @ https://www.persistencemarketresearch.co/ask-an-expert/31204

Some of the Major Highlights of TOC covers in Predictive Genetic Testing Market Report:

Chapter 1: Methodology & Scope of Predictive Genetic Testing Market

Chapter 2: Executive Summary of Predictive Genetic Testing Market

Chapter 3: Predictive Genetic Testing Industry Insights

Chapter 4: Predictive Genetic Testing Market, By Region

Chapter 5: Company Profile

And Continue

See the article here:
Lucrative Opportunities in North America to Propel the Growth of the Predictive Genetic Testing Market 2019 2029 - The Daily Chronicle

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

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The mission of MIT Technology Review is to make technology a greater force for good by bringing about better-informed, more conscious technology decisions through authoritative, influential, and trustworthy journalism.

On September 9, the science series NOVA, produced by GBH/Boston, will premiere the documentary Human Nature on PBS, which explores the science, history, and ethics of this revolutionary gene-editing technology. CRISPRs ability to genetically modify DNA offers amazing possibilities to treat disease but comes with the incredible responsibility of altering human life.

Jennifer Doudna was the first biologist to propose the genetic programming ability of CRISPR. Well ask Jennifer about the current state of CRISPR, its short and long-term possibilities and the incredible responsibilities of altering human DNA. Well also meet Adam Bolt, director of Human Nature, and discuss how he brought this ethically and technically complex story to life.

MIT Technology Reviews Spotlight On sheds light on the technologies and trends of the moment, such as gaming, CRISPR, advanced manufacturing, and cybersecurity. For an audience that craves unbiased, hype-free insight, Spotlight On invites recognized insiders to answer the essential questions of new tech: What is this? and Why should I care?

Jennifer DoudnaBiochemist and co-inventor of CRISPR genome editing technology

Adam BoltWriter and director, Human Nature

Hosted by Antonio RegaladoSenior editor of biomedicine,MIT Technology Review

Original post:
Spotlight on CRISPR - MIT Technology Review

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Bloomberg

(Bloomberg) -- As Covid-19 cases surge on U.S. campuses, a New York state university sent students home for the semester and Indiana University warned of uncontrolled spread at fraternities and sororities.Australias hotspot Victoria state recorded 81 new virus cases overnight, after warning against easing lockdown measures too quickly.Brazil passed 4 million cases. Globally, the Latin American nation now lags only the U.S. in both cases and deaths from the disease.Key Developments:Global Tracker: Cases surpass 26 million; deaths exceed 866,000Mexico sees more than 500 new deaths from coronavirusChina reports 25 new cases, says all are importedDozens of new infections in Australias Victoria stateBrazil passes 4 million cases; now trails only U.S.Frontrunning Covid vaccines will soon have their moment of truthVaccine tracker: Where are we in the race for protection?Subscribe to a daily update on the virus from Bloombergs Prognosis team here. Click CVID on the terminal for global data on coronavirus cases and deaths.Mexico Reports Hundreds More Deaths (8:12 a.m.)The hard-hit country reported 5,937 more virus cases -- bringing its total to 616,894 -- according to data released by the Health Ministry Thursday night. There were 513 new deaths.Outbreak Continues in North and South Dakota (7:10 a.m. HK)The surge of cases in North and South Dakota showed no sign of easing, as each state reported a daily increase of cases with numbers significantly higher than two months ago.North Dakota reported 360 cases, up from 267 the day before and the second highest on record. South Dakota reported 334 cases, up from 254 the day before and more than triple the worst day in July.South Dakota reported Thursday that 118 people in the state were infected because of the Sturgis motorcycle rally Aug. 7-16, the Rapid City Journal reported. They are among several hundred cases reported in about a dozen other states. On Wednesday, Minnesota reported the first virus death from a person who attended the rally.Brazil Passes Four Million Cases (6:10 a.m. HK)Brazil reached the mark of 4 million confirmed coronavirus cases, doubling the infection count in two months as large parts of the Latin American nation emerge from isolation.The country reported 43,773 new cases on Thursday, pushing the toll to 4,041,638. Deaths rose by 834 to 124,614, according to data from the Health Ministry.Indiana University Raises Warning on Frats (5:20 p.m. NY)Indiana University urged students at fraternities and sororities to re-evaluate living there after outbreaks in Greek housing showed positive-test rates as high as 87%.IUs team of public health experts is extremely concerned that Greek houses are seeing uncontrolled spread of Covid-19, the university said in a statement. This poses a significant risk to the nearly 2,600 students currently living in Greek or other communal housing organizations, as well as to the other 42,000 IU Bloomington students.Fraternities and sororities are privately owned and the university does not have the authority to close them, the statement said.Texas Double Counted Inmate Cases as Hurricane Loomed (5:14 p.m. NY)Texas double counted almost 300 prisoners with the virus after they were transferred to another county as Hurricane Laura approached last week.When the 281 inmates were shuttled 140 miles (225 kilometers) inland from coastal Jefferson County to Walker County, they were entered into the Texas database as new Walker County diagnoses, the state health department said in a footnote on its website on Thursday. They have since been deleted from Walker Countys tally.Statewide, Texas added 3,899 new cases on Thursday, bringing the cumulative total to 625,347, health department data showed. Hospitalizations continued their downward trend, dipping to 4,075, the lowest since June 22.Low Chance of Vaccine by November: U.S. Official (4:33 p.m. NY)Authorization of a Covid-19 vaccine by Nov. 1 when U.S. health officials have told states to be prepared to distribute shots is extremely unlikely but not impossible, Moncef Slaoui, chief scientific adviser to Operation Warp Speed told NPRs All Things Considered on Thursday.There is a very, very low chance that the trials that are running as we speak could read before the end of October, Slaoui said, referring to when data on a vaccines safety and effectiveness could be available.He also said there will likely be about 15 million to 20 million vaccine doses available by the end of the year and enough to immunize the U.S. population by the middle of 2021.U.S. Cases Rise 0.7% (4 p.m. NY)Coronavirus cases in the U.S. increased 0.7% as compared with the same time Wednesday to 6.13 million, according to data collected by Johns Hopkins University and Bloomberg News. The increase matched the average daily gain over the past week. Deaths rose by 0.8% to 186,293.Florida reported 637,013 cases, up 0.6% from a day earlier, in line with the average increase in the previous seven days. Deaths reached 11,650, an increase of 149, or 1.3%.Arizona reported 1,091 new cases, the biggest one-day tally since Aug. 13. The 0.5% spike, bringing the states total cases to 203,953. Deaths rose by 65 for a total of 5,130.Hawaii experienced a 3.9% increase in the number of cases from the same time yesterday, bringing the total to 8,991, according to the Johns Hopkins and Bloomberg News data.SUNY Oneonta Sends Students Home (2:30 p.m. NY)The State University of New York at Oneonta plans to send on-campus students home and cease all in-person classes for the rest of the fall semester after a Covid-19 outbreak. The college in upstate New York had 389 confirmed cases since the start of the semester Aug. 24.The college had begun a two-week pause period on Aug. 30 in order to focus on testing while limiting the spread of COVID-19.California Cases Up; Hospitalizations Drop (2:30 p.m. NY)California reported 5,125 new cases, a 0.7% increase and roughly in line with its 14-day average. The state recorded 164 new deaths, exceeding the two-week average of 117, for a total of 13,327 virus fatalities.Still, there were more signs of improvement in the states outbreak, with hospitalizations dropping 4.5% to 3,604 patients, the lowest in almost 11 weeks.French Cases Continue to Surge (1:30 p.m. NY)France registered 7,157 new cases over 24 hours, the third time in a week that its reported more than 7,000 new cases. The seven-day rolling average has been climbing for more than two weeks, rising to the highest since the start of the outbreak.The virus is spreading exponentially in France, and increased testing doesnt explain the surge in infections, the Health Ministry said. While testing has more than doubled since early July, new cases have increased by a factor of 12. Its spreading in particular among young adults, who arent sticking to preventive measures as well as the elderly have.Pentagon Picks AstraZeneca Trial Sites (12:50 p.m. NY)The U.S. Department of Defense said that five sites have been selected for Phase 3 trials of a vaccine candidate under from AstraZeneca as part of Operation Warp Speed.Now that vaccines have passed the first phases of testing for safety, dosing and response, we are ready to move into the next phase where volunteers are needed to join large clinical studies, Assistant Secretrary of Defense for Health Affairs Tom McCaffery said in a statement. The sites include Naval Medical Center San Diego; Joint Base San Antonio Brooke Army Medical Center; Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center; Walter Reed Medical Center; and Fort Belvoir Community Hospital.For more articles like this, please visit us at bloomberg.comSubscribe now to stay ahead with the most trusted business news source.2020 Bloomberg L.P.

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CRISPR Therapeutics to Present at the Wells Fargo 2020 Virtual Healthcare Conference - Yahoo Finance UK

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

In late January, as the COVID-19 pandemic was gaining steam, Charles Chiu, a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, reached out to colleagues at San Franciscobased biotech Mammoth Biosciences. Chius group and the team at Mammoth had already collaborated on developing a CRISPR-based diagnostic test for Lyme disease, which they thought would easily translate to SARS-CoV-2 detection, he says.

The CRISPR system allows you to target pathogens very precisely, Chiu, who is part of Mammoths scientific advisory board, tells The Scientist. Within two to three weeks, we were able to go from just designing the assay to actually getting it to work and demonstrating that we can use it to rapidly identify or potentially diagnose SARS-CoV-2 from clinical samples.

The gold standard for detecting a virus such as SARS-CoV-2 is reverse transcription PCR, which requires isolation of RNA from a sample followed by the conversion of RNA to DNA and subsequent PCR to amplify any viral nucleic acids. While sensitive, this type of test requires collection of a specimen, such as saliva or a nasal swab, and the transport of that sample to a clinical lab for processing. Earlier in the year, reagents for this type of test were in short supply.

The new assay developed by Chiu and colleagues is called SARS-CoV-2 DETECTR (for SARS-CoV-2 DNA endonuclease-targeted CRISPR trans reporter); researchers published details about how it works in Nature Biotechnology on April 16. The test is fast: after RNA extraction, it takes less than an hour to get a result. And it uses loop-mediated amplification (LAMP), which takes place at just one temperature, rather than the cycling temperatures necessary for PCR, meaning an expensive thermocycler is not required.

The enzyme most commonly used for CRISPR genetic modification is Cas9, which, guided by a short RNA sequence, finds and cleaves a nucleic acid target. DETECTR uses a different enzyme, Cas12, which also follows a guide RNA to its targetin this case, SARS-CoV-2 sequencesbut cleaves more than just its target; it also starts chopping up nearby nucleic acids. The assay includes a reporter molecule that, when it gets cleaved by Cas12 during the cutting frenzy precipitated by SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid recognition, can be visualized on a test strip, similar to a home pregnancy test.

In their paper, the authors reported that the sensitivity of DETECTR was comparable to a reverse transcription PCR assay run in a clinical lab on about 80 patient samples. On July 9, the assay was given emergency use authorization (EUA) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), only for use at the University of California, San Franciscos clinical lab. Since then, the developers have continued to focus on making the test more accessible and easier to use.

In the iteration that was approved for EUA, theres still an RNA extraction step, Chiu explains. Thats a possible issue because there was a shortage of extraction reagents just a month or two ago, and its also limited by the fact that extractions typically take anywhere from a half an hour to an hour, so . . . we ended up modifying this test so that we can actually run the LAMP reaction directly from [an] original sample.

On May 20, Mammoth Biosciences established a partnership with pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare to further develop DETECTR into a handheld, disposable device that would be appropriate for home use and be about as expensive as an at-home pregnancy test.

The way point-of-need and at-home diagnostics will work is if theyre truly all-in-one, says Trevor Martin, Mammoth Biosciencess CEO. It needs to be as easy to use as a pregnancy test, and were also very much believers that it needs to give you results that are as trusted and accurate as something you would get in the lab.

Since the COVID-19 pandemic started to take off in the US in March, testing has largely focused on people who already have symptoms, partly because resources are limited. The trouble is, it seems as though the virus is most contagious around the time of symptom onset, meaning that if people are waiting to quarantine or take other protective measures until they get a positive result, they may have already infected others.

Testing at the earliest stage of symptoms is useful from an epidemiological perspective to understand how COVID impacts patients, says Rahul Dhanda, the CEO of Sherlock Biosciences, a Cambridge, Massachusettsbased biotech that develops diagnostics and is now focusing on SARS-CoV-2. But in terms of prevention and tracking the history of disease, what you want to do is test people who are asymptomatic.

Toward the goal of catching more cases before they spread and avoiding supply chain issues, a number of biotechs and academic labs are devising new strategies and exploiting existing technology to make testing simpler and available in settings other than doctors offices and clinical labs.

In a study published in PLOS Pathogenson August 27, for instance, a group based in China described a test that relies on RNA extraction that they call CRISPR-COVID. Their assay leverages Cas13a, an enzyme that behaves similarly to Cas12 to cleave a single-stranded reporter that fluoresces when SARS-CoV-2 RNA is present, and another type of isothermal (constant temperature) amplification, reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification. In the study, the authors estimate the cost of one CRISPR-COVID test at about $3.50, but predict it could be as low as $0.70 if the reagents were purchased in bulk. The current version is most appropriate for the lab, as it requires an RNA extraction step and specialized equipment to pick up fluorescent signals.

The fact that you can do a molecular diagnostic test in the palm of your hands is something that has never been possible before.

Rahul Dhanda, the CEO of Sherlock Biosciences

In a study published August 31 in PNAS,researchers developed a test that uses LAMP directly on patient samples and detects SARS-CoV-2 with a microfluidic cartridge and portable smartphone-based reader. Because it does not require RNA extraction or PCR amplification, this approach could enable the scalable deployment of COVID-19 diagnostics without laboratory-grade infrastructure and resources, especially in settings where diagnosis is required at the point of collection, such as schools, facilities that care for the elderly or disabled, or sporting events, the authors write.

The current pandemic is not the first time LAMP has been developed for diagnosing viral infections. Because of its portability, its been deployed in Ebola and Zika outbreaks. But the technology is not without drawbacks. There are a couple of problems with isothermal amplification, cautions Max Wilson, a biologist at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB). Wilson has developed a COVID-19 test in use at UCSB that uses CRISPR for detection and PCR for amplification. In our hands . . . [LAMP] is less sensitive than other amplification methods, he explains.

Another problem is that if everyone starts using LAMP, the reagents, which arent made at volumes supportive of pandemic-scale testing, could become harder to get, Wilson says. The production has not been streamlined and optimized.

Despite these and other issues, there are a lot of really promising and complementary testing frameworks out there, he adds. All of the various approachesat-home testing, lab-based testing of samples taken at healthcare facilities, and assays that could be used to test thousands of people daily, such as in public health departments or at big universitiesdont even compete for resources or manufacturing capability, Wilson says, and theyre all necessary.

Theres a huge amount of unmet need when it comes to COVID-19 testing, Martin agrees. We just need all hands on deck.

Starting in mid-March, Dhanda and his team at Sherlock Biosciences pivoted their entire research program to focus on developing a CRISPR-based COVID-19 test kit using their platform SHERLOCK, which stands for specific high sensitivity enzymatic reporter unlocking. On May 6, that kit granted EUA and is now distributed in the US through a collaboration with Integrated DNA Technologies.

Because that test still includes a lot of steps, most of which are best performed in a lab, the researchers are now also working on a room-temperature, instrument-free test, the output of which can be visualized on a paper strip. That technology, which is called INSPECTR for internal splint-pairing expression cassette translation reaction, was originally developed at the Wyss Institute at Harvard University and relies on hybridization of a sample, such as saliva, to freeze-dried synthetic DNA complementary to SARS-CoV-2 RNA. If the sample contains viral RNA, a reporter protein is activated and then can be visualized with the naked eye, making the test a great option for eventual home use.

A design concept of INSPECTR

Wyss Institute at Harvard University

The fact that you can do a molecular diagnostic test in the palm of your hands is something that has never been possible before, says Dhanda, who adds that they are planning to apply for an EUA once development is finished, probably early next year. How much it will cost hasnt been disclosed, but a company representative tells The Scientistthat Sherlock is committed to making the test accessible.

In a study published in Science Advances on August 25, a group of researchers led by University of Albany biomedical engineer Ken Halvorsen also used a synthetic DNA approach to detect viral RNA, both from Zika virus and from SARS-CoV-2. The authors created DNA nanoswitches, small bits of DNA that change their shape in response to binding a target sequence. Because of the shape change, samples that contain viral RNA look different when run during gel electrophoresis than do samples without virus.

We can use this approach to detect viruses at levels that are relevant for health, Halvorsen says. The group is now trying to figure out how we can do a workflow that will allow us to do the whole thing outside of a lab. Because the test can be performed without enzymes, it already lends itself to streamlining, and they plan to simplify the readout, possibly using some type of cartridge that could be preconstructed, portable, and disposable. Were hoping to get the whole process down to under an hour, he tells The Scientist.

As for competition, I dont think that the testing for coronavirus is going to be a winner-take-all situation, Halvorsen says. There really need to be lots of different options. And it may turn out that there are many different testing types that all work in different situations, he adds. This may not be a short-term problem. We may be testing for years.

More here:
Toward COVID-19 Testing Any Time, Anywhere - The Scientist

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Crispr Therapeutics AG (CRSP) is near the top in its industry group according to InvestorsObserver. CRSP gets an overall rating of 62. That means it scores higher than 62 percent of stocks. Crispr Therapeutics AG gets a 76 rank in the Biotechnology industry. Biotechnology is number 29 out of 148 industries.

Analyzing stocks can be hard. There are tons of numbers and ratios, and it can be hard to remember what they all mean and what counts as good for a given value. InvestorsObserver ranks stocks on eight different metrics. We percentile rank most of our scores to make it easy for investors to understand. A score of 62 means the stock is more attractive than 62 percent of stocks.

These rankings allows you to easily compare stocks and view what the strengths and weaknesses are of a given company. This lets you find the stocks with the best short and long term growth prospects in a matter of seconds. The combined score incorporates technical and fundamental analysis in order to give a comprehensive overview of a stocks performance. Investors who then want to focus on analysts rankings or valuations are able to see the separate scores for each section.

Crispr Therapeutics AG (CRSP) stock is trading at $86.07 as of 2:14 PM on Thursday, Sep 3, a decline of -$7.86, or -8.37% from the previous closing price of $93.93. The stock has traded between $85.35 and $92.13 so far today. Volume today is 745,572 compared to average volume of 868,237.

Click Here to get the full Stock Score Report on Crispr Therapeutics AG (CRSP) Stock.

Read this article:
Is Crispr Therapeutics AG (CRSP) Stock Near the Top of the Biotechnology Industry? - InvestorsObserver

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

There is a wide range of new titles set for release this month. (Shutterstock)

If the unseasonable weather kept you inside more than you anticipated in August, causing you to binge watch the entirety of Netflixs collection, theres no need to fear.

Throughout the month of September the streaming service is releasing a whole new batch of films and series to keep you fully entertained as the summer creeps to a close.

Here are the top titles set for release this month.

The Duchess

UK Netflix release date: Friday 11 September

Stand up comedian and occasional 8 out of 10 Cats panelist Katherine Ryan has an exciting new sitcom set for release this month. The Duchess follows Ryan, who plays an exaggerated version of herself as a flawed but loving single mum. Katherine decides to have a second child, but there is one issue: shes not in a relationship. The series follows her as she tries to find a way to make this dream a reality from considering sperm donors to asking her ex.

The Devil All the Time

UK Netflix release date: Wednesday 16 September

The Devil All the Time is an American psychological thriller film based on the novel of the same name by Donald Ray Pollock. It follows Arvin Russell (played by Tom Holland) as he tries to protect his loved ones in a town filled with sinister characters such as a suspicious preacher played by Robert Pattinson, an ominous couple played by Jason Clarke and Riley Keough and a corrupt sheriff played by Sebastian Stan. Also starring Bill Skarsgrd - known for his role as Pennywise in Stephen Kings IT - and Mia Wasikowski (Jane Eyre).

Hope Frozen: A Quest to Live Twice (2020)

UK Netflix release date: Wednesday 15 September

This emotional documentary follows a Thai Buddhist family as they make the unconventional choice to have their terminally ill two-year-old daughter cryogenically frozen in the hope that she will be resurrected and restored back to health in the future. The documentary provides rare insight into not only grief, but the largely undocumented, new scientific fringe innovation of Cryonics, a subject that has been criticised by the wider scientific community.

Bookmarks

UK Netflix release date: Tuesday 1 September

This new Netflix kids show tells childrens stories with an angle on race, features several big names such as Lupita Nyong'o (Us), Caleb McLaughlin (Stranger Things), and Tiffany Haddish (The Lego Movie 2). Bookmarks tells stories specifically from black points of view, covering themes of identity, respect, justice and action.

Im Thinking of Ending Things

UK Netflix release date: Friday 4 September

Charlie Kaufmans new psychological horror film, based on the 2016 novel of the same name by Iain Reid, is quite an unnerving watch. The story captures the doubts and anxieties of a nervous woman meeting her boyfriends rather strange parents for the first time. Starring Jessie Buckley, Toni Collette, Jesse Plemons and David Thewlis.

Enola Holmes

UK Netflix release date: Wednesday 23 September

Written by Jack Thorne (His Dark Materials) and directed by Harry Bradbeer (Fleabag), Enola Holmes puts a feministic spin on the classic Sherlock Holmes story, by focusing on the tales of Sherlock and Mycrofts lesser-known sister Enola, played by Millie Bobby Brown (Stranger Things). The film follows the lively Enola and friends as she tries to find her newly missing mother (Helena Bonham Carter). Starring Henry Cavill and Sam Claflin play Sherlock and Mycroft.

Zodiac

UK Netflix release date: Tuesday 1 September

This crime thriller from director David Fincher is based on a true story and has a star studded line up, including Jake Gyllenhaal, Mark Ruffalo, Robert Downey Jr. Zodiac follows a crime reporter, a political cartoonist, and a couple of cops as they work to investigate San Francisco's infamous Zodiac Killer, a serial murderer operating in the late 60s and early 70s, who is thought to have killed over 20 people and who remains unknown.

The full list of releases coming to Netflix in September:

A Beautiful Mind (2001)BookmarksBorgen, seasons 1-3Demolition Man (1993)Indecent Proposal (1993)The Sum of All Fears (2002)Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory (1971)Zodiac (2007)

Chefs Table: BBQ, season 1

Afonso Padilha: ClasslessCall the Midwife, season 8Young Wallander

AwayIm Thinking of Ending Things

Get Organised With the Home EditLa Linea: Shadow of NarcoThe Social DilemmaSo Much Love to Give

The DuchessFamily Business, season 2

Hope Frozen: a Quest to Live TwiceMichael McIntyre: ShowmanMisfits, seasons 1-5

Challenger: The Final FlightCriminal, season 2The Devil All the Time

GIMS: On the RecordThe Last WordThe School Nurse Files

Jurassic World: Camp CretaceousRatchedWhipped

The School Nurse FilesSneakerheads

American Murder: The Family Next Door

Originally posted here:
These are the best films and TV shows to watch on Netflix in September - Peterborough Telegraph

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Efforts to use regenerative medicinewhich seeks to address ailments as diverse as birth defects, traumatic injury, aging, degenerative disease, and the disorganized growth of cancerwould be greatly aided by solving one fundamental puzzle: How do cellular collectives orchestrate the building of complex, three-dimensional structures?

While genomes predictably encode the proteins present in cells, a simple molecular parts list does not tell us enough about the anatomical layout or regenerative potential of the body that the cells will work to construct. Genomes are not a blueprint for anatomy, and genome editing is fundamentally limited by the fact that its very hard to infer which genes to tweak, and how, to achieve desired complex anatomical outcomes. Similarly, stem cells generate the building blocks of organs, but the ability to organize specific cell types into a working human hand or eye has been and will be beyond the grasp of direct manipulation for a very long time.

But researchers working in the fields of synthetic morphology and regenerative biophysics are beginning to understand the rules governing the plasticity of organ growth and repair. Rather than micromanaging tasks that are too complex to implement directly at the cellular or molecular level, what if we solved the mystery of how groups of cells cooperate to construct specific multicellular bodies during embryogenesis and regeneration? Perhaps then we could figure out how to motivate cell collectives to build whatever anatomical features we want.

New approaches now allow us to target the processes that implement anatomical decision-making without genetic engineering. In January, using such tools, crafted in my lab at Tufts Universitys Allen Discovery Center and by computer scientists in Josh Bongards lab at the University of Vermont, we were able to create novel living machines, artificial bodies with morphologies and behaviors completely different from the default anatomy of the frog species (Xenopus laevis) whose cells we used. These cells rebooted their multicellularity into a new form, without genomic changes. This represents an extremely exciting sandbox in which bioengineers can play, with the aim of decoding the logic of anatomical and behavioral control, as well as understanding the plasticity of cells and the relationship of genomes to anatomies.

Deciphering how an organism puts itself together is truly an interdisciplinary undertaking.

Deciphering how an organism puts itself together is truly an interdisciplinary undertaking. Resolving the whole picture will involve understanding not only the mechanisms by which cells operate, but also elucidating the computations that cells and groups of cells carry out to orchestrate tissue and organ construction on a whole-body scale. The next generation of advances in this area of research will emerge from the flow of ideas between computer scientists and biologists. Unlocking the full potential of regenerative medicine will require biology to take the journey computer science has already taken, from focusing on the hardwarethe proteins and biochemical pathways that carry out cellular operationsto the physiological software that enables networks of cells to acquire, store, and act on information about organ and indeed whole-body geometry.

In the computer world, this transition from rewiring hardware to reprogramming the information flow by changing the inputs gave rise to the information technology revolution. This shift of perspective could transform biology, allowing scientists to achieve the still-futuristic visions of regenerative medicine. An understanding of how independent, competent agents such as cells cooperate and compete toward robust outcomes, despite noise and changing environmental conditions, would also inform engineering. Swarm robotics, Internet of Things, and even the development of general artificial intelligence will all be enriched by the ability to read out and set the anatomical states toward which cell collectives build, because they share a fundamental underlying problem: how to control the emergent outcomes of systems composed of many interacting units or individuals.

Many types of embryos can regenerate entirely if cut in half, and some species are proficient regenerators as adults. Axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) regenerate their limbs, eyes, spinal cords, jaws, and portions of the brain throughout life. Planarian flatworms (class Turbellaria), meanwhile, can regrow absolutely any part of their body; when the animal is cut into pieces, each piece knows exactly whats missing and regenerates to be a perfect, tiny worm.

The remarkable thing is not simply that growth begins after wounding and that various cell types are generated, but that these bodies will grow and remodel until a correct anatomy is complete, and then they stop. How does the system identify the correct target morphology, orchestrate individual cell behaviors to get there, and determine when the job is done? How does it communicate this information to control underlying cell activities?

Several years ago, my lab found that Xenopus tadpoles with their facial organs experimentally mixed up into incorrect positions still have largely normal faces once theyve matured, as the organs move and remodel through unnatural paths. Last year, a colleague at Tufts came to a similar conclusion: the Xenopus genome does not encode a hardwired set of instructions for the movements of different organs during metamorphosis from tadpole to frog, but rather encodes molecular hardware that executes a kind of error minimization loop, comparing the current anatomy to the target frog morphology and working to progressively reduce the difference between them. Once a rough spatial specification of the layout is achieved, that triggers the cessation of further remodeling.

The deep puzzle of how competent agents such as cells work together to pursue goals such as building, remodeling, or repairing a complex organ to a predetermined spec is well illustrated by planaria. Despite having a mechanistic understanding of stem cell specification pathways and axial chemical gradients, scientists really dont know what determines the intricate shape and structure of the flatworms head. It is also unknown how planaria perfectly regenerate the same anatomy, even as their genomes have accrued mutations over eons of somatic inheritance. Because some species of planaria reproduce by fission and regeneration, any mutation that doesnt kill the neoblastthe adult stem cell that gives rise to cells that regenerate new tissueis propagated to the next generation. The worms incredibly messy genome shows evidence of this process, and cells in an individual planarian can have different numbers of chromosomes. Still, fragmented planaria regenerate their body shape with nearly 100 percent anatomical fidelity.

Permanent editingof the encoded target morphology without genomic editing reveals a new kind of epigenetics.

So how do cell groups encode the patterns they build, and how do they know to stop once a target anatomy is achieved? What would happen, for example, if neoblasts from a planarian species with a flat head were transplanted into a worm of a species with a round or triangular head that had the head amputated? Which shape would result from this heterogeneous mixture? To date, none of the high-resolution molecular genetic studies of planaria give any prediction for the results of this experiment, because so far they have all focused on the cellular hardware, not on the logic of the softwareimplemented by chemical, mechanical, and electrical signaling among cellsthat controls large-scale outcomes and enables remodeling to stop when a specific morphology has been achieved.

Understanding how cells and tissues make real-time anatomical decisions is central not only to achieving regenerative outcomes too complex for us to manage directly, but also to solving problems such as cancer. While the view of cancer as a genetic disorder still largely drives clinical approaches, recent literature supports a view of cancer as cells simply not being able to receive the physiological signals that maintain the normally tight controls of anatomical homeostasis. Cut off from these patterning cues, individual cells revert to their ancient unicellular lifestyle and treat the rest of the body as external environment, often to ruinous effect. If we understand the mechanisms that scale single-cell homeostatic setpoints into tissue- and organ-level anatomical goal states and the conditions under which the anatomical error reduction control loop breaks down, we may be able to provide stimuli to gain control of rogue cancer cells without either gene therapy or chemotherapy.

During morphogenesis, cells cooperate to reliably build anatomical structures. Many living systems remodel and regenerate tissues or organs despite considerable damagethat is, they progressively reduce deviations from specific target morphologies, and halt growth and remodeling when those morphologies are achieved. Evolution exploits three modalities to achieve such anatomical homeostasis: biochemical gradients, bioelectric circuits, and biophysical forces. These interact to enable the same large-scale form to arise despite significant perturbations.

N.R. FULLER, SAYO-ART, LLC

BIOCHEMICAL GRADIENTS

The best-known modality concerns diffusible intracellular and extracellular signaling molecules. Gene-regulatory circuits and gradients of biochemicals control cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration.

BIOELECTRIC CIRCUITS

The movement of ions across cell membranes, especially via voltage-gated ion channels and gap junctions, can establish bioelectric circuits that control large-scale resting potential patterns within and among groups of cells. These bioelectric patterns implement long-range coordination, feedback, and memory dynamics across cell fields. They underlie modular morphogenetic decision-making about organ shape and spatial layout by regulating the dynamic redistribution of morphogens and the expression of genes.

BIOMECHANICAL FORCES

Cytoskeletal, adhesion, and motor proteins inside and between cells generate physical forces that in turn control cell behavior. These forces result in large-scale strain fields, which enable cell sheets to move and deform as a coherent unit, and thus execute the folds and bends that shape complex organs.

The software of life, which exploits the laws of physics and computation, is enabled by chemical, mechanical, and electrical signaling across cellular networks. While the chemical and mechanical mechanisms of morphogenesis have long been appreciated by molecular and cell biologists, the role of electrical signaling has largely been overlooked. But the same reprogrammability of neural circuits in the brain that supports learning, memory, and behavioral plasticity applies to all cells, not just neurons. Indeed, bacterial colonies can communicate via ionic currents, with recent research revealing brain-like dynamics in which information is propagated across and stored in a kind of proto-body formed by bacterial biofilms. So it should really come as no surprise that bioelectric signaling is a highly tractable component of morphological outcomes in multicellular organisms.

A few years ago, we studied the electrical dynamics that normally set the size and borders of the nascent Xenopus brain, and built a computer model of this process to shed light on how a range of various brain defects arise from disruptions to this bioelectric signaling. Our model suggested that specific modifications with mRNA or small molecules could restore the endogenous bioelectric patterns back to their correct layout. By using our computational platform to select drugs to open existing ion channels in nascent neural tissue or even a remote body tissue, we were able to prevent and even reverse brain defects caused not only by chemical teratogenscompounds that disrupt embryonic developmentbut by mutations in key neurogenesis genes.

Similarly, we used optogenetics to stimulate electrical activity in various somatic cell types totrigger regeneration of an entire tadpole tailan appendage with spinal cord, muscle, and peripheral innervationand to normalize the behavior of cancer cells in tadpoles strongly expressing human oncogenes such as KRAS mutations. We used a similar approach to trigger posterior regions, such as the gut, to build an entire frog eye. In both the eye and tail cases, the information on how exactly to build these complex structures, and where all the cells should go, did not have to be specified by the experimenter; rather, they arose from the cells themselves. Such findings reveal how ion channel mutations result in numerous human developmental channelopathies, and provide a roadmap for how they may be treated by altering the bioelectric map that tells cells what to build.

We also recently found a striking example of such reprogrammable bioelectrical software in control of regeneration in planaria. In 2011, we discovered that an endogenous electric circuit establishes a pattern of depolarization and hyperpolarization in planarian fragments that regulate the orientation of the anterior-posterior axis to be rebuilt. Last year, we discovered that this circuit controls the gene expressionneeded to build a head or tail within six hours of amputation, and by using molecules that make cell membranes permeable to certain ions to depolarize or hyperpolarize cells, we induced fragments of such worms to give rise to a symmetrical two-headed form, despite their wildtype genomes. Even more shockingly, the worms continued to generate two-headed progeny in additional rounds of cutting with no further manipulation. In further experiments, we demonstrated that briefly reducing gap junction-mediated connectivity between adjacent cells in the bioelectric network that guides regeneration led worms to regenerate head and brain shapes appropriate to other worm species whose lineages split more than 100 million years ago.

My group has developed the use of voltage-sensitive dyes to visualize the bioelectric pattern memory that guides gene expression and cell behavior toward morphogenetic outcomes. Meanwhile, my Allen Center colleagues are using synthetic artificial electric tissues made of human cells and computer models of ion channel activity to understand how electrical dynamics across groups of non-neural cells can set up the voltage patterns that control downstream gene expression, distribution of morphogen molecules, and cell behaviors to orchestrate morphogenesis.

The emerging picture in this field is that anatomical software is highly modulara key property that computer scientists exploit as subroutines and that most likely contributes in large part to biological evolvability and evolutionary plasticity. A simple bioelectric state, whether produced endogenously during development or induced by an experimenter, triggers very complex redistributions of morphogens and gene expression cascades that are needed to build various anatomies. The information stored in the bodys bioelectric circuitscan be permanently rewritten once we understand the dynamics of the biophysical circuits that make the critical morphological decisions. This permanent editing of the encoded target morphology without genomic editing reveals a new kind of epigenetics, information that is stored in a medium other than DNA sequences and chromatin.

Recent work from our group and others has demonstrated that anatomical pattern memories can be rewritten by physiological stimuli and maintained indefinitely without genomic editing. For example, the bioelectric circuit that normally determines head number and location in regenerating planaria can be triggered by brief alterations of ion channel or gap junction activity to alter the animals body plan. Due to the circuits pattern memory, the animals remain in this altered state indefinitely without further stimulation, despite their wildtype genomes. In other words, the pattern to which the cells build after damage can be changed, leading to a target morphology distinct from the genetic default.

N.R. FULLER, SAYO-ART, LLC

First, we soaked a planarian in voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye to observe the bioelectrical pattern across the entire tissue. We then cut the animal to see how this pattern changes in each fragment as it begins to regenerate.

We then applied drugs or used RNA interference to target ion channels or gap junctions in individual cells and thus change the pattern of depolarization/hyperpolarization and cellular connectivity across the whole fragment.

As a result of the disruption of the bodys bioelectric circuits, the planarian regrows with two heads instead of one, or none at all.

When we re-cut the two-headed planarian in plain water, long after the initial drug has left the tissue, the new anatomy persists in subsequent rounds of regeneration.

Cells can clearly build structures that are different from their genomic-default anatomical outcomes. But are cells universal constructors? Could they make anything if only we knew how to motivate them to do it?

The most recent advances in the new field at the intersection of developmental biology and computer science are driven by synthetic living machines known as biobots. Built from multiple interacting cell populations, these engineered machines have applications in disease modeling and drug development, and as sensors that detect and respond to biological signals. We recently tested the plasticity of cells by evolving in silico designs with specific movement and behavior capabilities and used this information to sculpt self-organized growth of aggregated Xenopus skin and muscle cells. In a novel environmentin vitro, as opposed to inside a frog embryoswarms of genetically normal cells were able to reimagine their multicellular form. With minimal sculpting post self-assembly, these cells form Xenobots with structures, movements, and other behaviors quite different from what might be expected if one simply sequenced their genome and identified them as wildtype X. laevis.

These living creations are a powerful platform to assess and model the computations that these cell swarms use to determine what to build. Such insights will help us to understand evolvability of body forms, robustness, and the true relationship between genomes and anatomy, greatly potentiating the impact of genome editing tools and making genomics more predictive for large-scale phenotypes. Moreover, testing regimes of biochemical, biomechanical, and bioelectrical stimuli in these biobots will enable the discovery of optimal stimuli for use in regenerative therapies and bioengineered organ construction. Finally, learning to program highly competent individual builders (cells) toward group-level, goal-driven behaviors (complex anatomies) will significantly advance swarm robotics and help avoid catastrophes of unintended consequences during the inevitable deployment of large numbers of artificial agents with complex behaviors.

Understanding how cells and tissues make real-time anatomical decisions is central to achieving regenerative outcomes too complex for us to manage directly.

The emerging field ofsynthetic morphology emphasizes a conceptual point that has been embraced by computer scientists but thus far resisted by biologists: the hardware-software distinction. In the 1940s, to change a computers behavior, the operator had to literally move wires aroundin other words, she had to directly alter the hardware. The information technology revolution resulted from the realization that certain kinds of hardware are reprogrammable: drastic changes in function could be made at the software level, by changing inputs, not the hardware itself.

In molecular biomedicine, we are still focused largely on manipulating the cellular hardwarethe proteins that each cell can exploit. But evolution has ensured that cellular collectives use this versatile machinery to process information flexibly and implement a wide range of large-scale body shape outcomes. This is biologys software: the memory, plasticity, and reprogrammability of morphogenetic control networks.

The coming decades will be an extremely exciting time for multidisciplinary efforts in developmental physiology, robotics, and basal cognition to understand how individual cells merge together into a collective with global goals not belonging to any individual cell. This will drive the creation of new artificial intelligence platforms based not on copying brain architectures, but on the multiscale problem-solving capacities of cells and tissues. Conversely, the insights of cognitive neurobiology and computer science will give us a completely new window on the information processing and decision-making dynamics in cellular collectives that can very effectively be targeted for transformative regenerative therapies of complex organs.

Michael Levinis the director of the Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University and Associate Faculty at Harvard Universitys Wyss Institute. Email him atmichael.levin@tufts.edu. M.L. thanks Allen Center Deputy DirectorJoshua Finkelsteinfor suggestions on the drafts of this story.

Link:
How Groups of Cells Cooperate to Build Organs and Organisms - The Scientist

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

In many ways, my role as a father did not change after my 17-month old son, Isaac, was diagnosed with cancer.

Everyone faces adversity in their lives. Did I think ours would be this? Heck no. Did I want it to be this? This is the last thing I wanted. Take me before you take him, I thought.

But the severity of our situation hasnt changed the lessons I teach my sons: In situations of extreme stress, maintain your demeanor and learn how to process and handle that stress; Be kind to people in the midst of adversity; Treat people the way you want to be treated; Be respectful.

And, never give up.

I will never forget the day my son was diagnosed with stage 4 high-risk neuroblastoma.

Hed been lethargic with high fevers off and on for a month or two. We kept going back to our pediatrician, who told us to give him Tylenol, but the fevers always came back. After six or seven fevers, my wife, Kelli, and I said You need to do more. We knew this was not normal something was wrong with our son.

After running blood tests and listening to Isaacs abdomen, our pediatrician suggested he might have appendicitis and sent us to Seattle Childrens. Once we got to there, doctors found a large mass the size of a NERF football crushing Isaacs right kidney. Another blood test revealed Isaac had some kind of cancer.

Isaac ended up having high-risk, stage 4 neuroblastoma. It had spread throughout his body in the bones of his arms and legs and, of course, the big tumor in his abdomen. It was the absolute worst-case scenario.

Isaac had a 50/50 chance of survival like the flip of a coin.

Kelli broke down when they told us. Ill never forget hearing my wife screaming, crying. You never expect this to happen to your child.

I tried to remain positive, saying, The first chapter in his book is just going to make his story that much more epic when he defeats cancer and we are blessed enough to walk out of here.

To say we were overwhelmed by the treatment plan laid out for us would be a gross understatement. It had three phases:

First: Five rounds of chemotherapy and a dissection surgery to remove the tumor in Isaacs abdomen.

Second: Intense chemotherapy and radiation conditioning treatment before a stem cell transplant, followed by 12 more rounds of radiation and a second stem cell transplant.

Third: Immunotherapy, in which antibodies designed to help Isaacs immune system find and destroy neuroblastoma cells were injected into his bloodstream.

All in all, the treatment was expected to take 18 months. I remember thinking, That is as long as hes been alive. How are we going to be in this hospital for over a year? Are we supposed to stop working? How can we manage this?

It felt impossible. But we took it one day at a time. Thats how I coped with it. I didnt think about what was seven months or eight months out, I just thought, Whats next? That was all I need to know.

Throughout Isaacs treatment, my first priority was happiness making sure that Isaac was happy, laughing and being a kid around the hospital.

We played tennis in his hospital room, blew bubbles and rode bikes down the hallway. We must have watched Moana a billion times. I remember one time, when Isaac was about 2 years old, Kelli put those green vomit bags on her hands and pretended to be a zombie, sending Isaac into a giggling fit as she chased us down the hall.

Child life specialists would always bring Isaac his favorite toys like cars, action figures and even video games. It was the best place on Earth for our kid to be. Even after everything Isaac has been through, he still wants to go hang out at the hospital.

I never remember thinking Isaac was going to die, or anything too negative. Im a pretty positive person, and I just knew that I had to be even more positive and bring him through this part of his life. Thats was going to help him recover even faster.

I also focused on the mental health of my son Isaiah, who is four and half years older than Isaac. We tried to make sure he didnt feel like he was put on the back burner, that he could still have fun and be a normal kid.

When Isaiah came to Seattle Childrens, he laid in bed with Isaac, eating ice cream or cupcakes and watching TV. He looked forward to the visits, knowing there would be treats or new toys waiting for him.

Kelli and I had a lot of conversations with Isaiah about his brothers illness. I remember him breaking down once and asking if Isaac was going to die. It broke my heart to admit that was a possibility, but we also told him about all the things we were doing to keep him alive.

The darkest period of our story was after Isaacs first stem cell transplant. His body had handled the previous treatments pretty well, but after the transplant he really started to look like the cancer kids you see on commercials. Hed lost his hair and a lot of weight. He was emaciated, and you could see the veins in his head through his skin.

We were used to having this little kid with overflowing energy, but he became so weak he would hardly talk or move, and often fell asleep just sitting in his high chair.

He was a shell of himself. He looked like a kid who was going to pass away. It really, really hurt to see that.

Thankfully, Isaac recovered (with the help of many, many cups of milk!) and was able to continue his treatment, even finishing a few months earlier than wed expected.

If you met Isaac today, and didnt know his story, you would never guess he had ever been so sick. He is a 52-pound brick; A super active 4-year-old who likes to wrestle with me and is learning to read. Once his treatment ended, he got right back to regularly-scheduled programming. He didnt skip a beat!

I dont ever think about cancer coming back for him, although I know its a possibility. If it does, we will do it all over again, knowing Seattle Childrens will be there for us.

When I think about how I got through my sons cancer treatment, I can identify three sources of strength faith, family and Seattle Childrens.

First and foremost Our steadfast faith in God and purpose. We prayed for Isaac every day and he had people all over the world praying for him. Through it all, we recognized that we were truly blessed.

Second, my family. My wife was incredible through everything.

Also, Isaac made it easier for us. He handled the treatment in a way that gave us all strength and made us believe everything was going to be okay.

He was an extremely easygoing patient. I was amazed at the level of maturity and calm he had. He handled everything so gracefully blood draws, temperature checks, cleaning his central line, even having a feeding tube put in when his GI tract was scorched from chemotherapy. He just took it all like a champ.

Finally, I am so grateful for Seattle Childrens. Dr. Navin Pinto, Dr. Julie Park I cannot thank them enough. They gave us tremendous confidence and walked us through this daunting journey.

Every nurse we had, the nursing assistants, the support staff everyone at Seattle Childrens was so welcoming. Even today, when we go to the hospital to visit people, Isaac always wants to stay. Hes like, Wheres my room? He has such positive memories of this place. Without the amazing people working there, wed have a totally different outlook.

They treated us like family, and I will never forget that. Without them, I dont know how we would have gotten through this.

You may not know how your child is going to react to certain therapies or treatments or drugs, but you can trust that the people at Childrens care about your child and have your best interest at heart. Have faith that you are here for a reason. And youll get through it, because you have to. Because your child needs you. Because your kids are stronger than youll ever imagine. Theyre amazing. And their bodies are resilient. So although you might be justifiably scared, know that youre in the best place that you can be to get through this.

And youre not alone.

Related

More:
Fatherhood, When Your Son Has Cancer | On the Pulse - On the Pulse

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

During the 2020 European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Annual Meeting, Rafael F. Duarte, MD, PhD, FRCP, of the Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda in Madrid, Spain, presented 2 real-world clinical cases in which the investigational monoclonal antibody narsoplimab (OMS721) demonstrated clinical benefit in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (HSCT-TMA).

Because the selection of patients for clinical trials has limitations, and more so, because running a trial is a hard endeavor for this difficult complication, [I wanted to share] some hands-on experience that we have had with narsoplimab outside of the trial with some case studies of patients who have been treated in a compassionate-use basis, said Duarte.

First, Duarte shared a case of a 19-year-old female who received narsoplimab following matched-sibling allogeneic HSCT to treat her B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in first complete remission.

At 5 months, the patient experienced late-onset acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and severe HSCT-TMA with lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and ischemic ulcers. While skin involvement of GVHD resolved, she received initial treatment with 1 dose of eculizumab (Soliris) due to persistent GI symptoms after steroids, mesenchymal stromal cells, and extracorporeal photopheresis. Additionally, she received 4 mg/kg of narsoplimab once or twice weekly for a total of 18 doses.

We asked for narsoplimab purely on the basis that this was a severely immunocompromised patient who had experienced complications before and who had been receiving a lot of immunosuppression for the treatment of GVHD, said Duarte. We tried to minimize immunosuppression, so we thought narsoplimab would be a good option.

According to Duarte, the patients GI bleeding and microangiopathy hemolytic anemia resolved quickly and dramatically after starting narsoplimab. Additionally, she became transfusion independent with platelet counts above 100 x 109 per liter.

At 21 months, the patient remains in complete remission (CR) of B-ALL and is devoid of signs of HSCT-TMA after discontinuing narsoplimab.

Subsequently, Duarte presented another, more complex case of a 48-year-old male with HIV and Hodgkin lymphoma who was in his third CR.

Following CCR5-32/32 HSCT, the patient experienced very early HSCT-TMA on day 0. Subsequently, he had rapid severe renal failure that required hemodialysis.

Initial treatment with calcineurin inhibitor withdrawal did not elicit any response, so he was started on narsoplimab at 4 mg/kg twice weekly on day 6. He received a total of 8 doses of narsoplimab.

The patients lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), bilirubin, and schistocyte counts improved rapidly following narsoplimab initiation. Additionally, the patient derived partial improvement of renal function and fluid management, although he required continued dialysis.

Despite this, at 31 days post-transplant, the patient had multiple secondary complications as a result of the CCR5-32/32 HSCT and experienced sudden death. The death was not thought to be related to TMA and no autopsy was granted.

We dont have a better explanation regarding what happened with this patient, unfortunately, Duarte explained. We think we are seeing that many of the patients who undergo transplant with this mutated CCR5-32/32 tend to have greater mortality and greater complications than HIV-positive patients who undergo transplant with standard [procedure].

Duarte also presented findings from the pivotal, phase 2 trial, in which narsoplimab demonstrated high rates of CRs, as well as improved laboratory and clinical markers among patients with HSCT-TMA.

Narsoplimab was previously granted a breakthrough therapy designation by the FDA for the treatment of patients with high-risk TA-TMA. In addition, the agent was granted an orphan drug designation for TA-TMA therapy and complement-mediated TMA prevention.

Findings from the single-arm, open-label phase 2 trial demonstrated a 54% CR rate in all treated patients (n = 28) with the mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2 inhibitor (95% CI, 34%-72%). Additionally, patients treated per protocol recommendations (n = 23), which entailed 4 weeks or more of dosing, achieved a CR rate of 65% (95% CI, 43%-84%).

At 100 days following HSCT-TMA diagnosis, 68% of all treated patients, 83% of patients treated per protocol, and 93% of treatment responders (n = 15) were alive.

Eligible patients had to be 18 years of older at screening, which occurred during the patients first visit. Additionally, patients had to have persistent HSCT-TMA as defined by a platelet count less than 150,000 per L, evidence of microangiopathy hemolysis such as the presence of schistocytes, serum LDH greater than upper limit of normal, or haptoglobin less than the lower limit of normal, and renal dysfunction defined as doubling of serum creatinine compared with pre-transplant level. All of the following had to be present for at least 2 weeks following modification or discontinuation of calcineurin inhibitors.

Patients who had eculizumab therapy within 3 months of screening, positive direct Coombs test, or active systemic bacteria or fungal infection that required antimicrobial therapy beyond prophylactic antimicrobial therapy as a standard of care were excluded from the study.

Response-based efficacy requiring improvement in TMA laboratory markers of platelet count and LDH and improvement in clinical status, as well as safety, served as the primary end points of the trial. Secondary end points included survival and change from baseline laboratory markers.

Regarding laboratory markers, LDH had to be less than 1.5 L. For patients who had a baseline platelet count of 20,000/L, improvement was defined as a tripling of baseline platelet count more than 30,000 and freedom from platelet transfusion. For patients with a baseline platelet count of more than 20,000, improvement was defined as an increased count of least 50% and absolute count of more than 75,000, as well as freedom from platelet transfusion.

Clinical improvement was based off any of the following improvements in specific organ function. Patients could derive blood improvement defined as transfusion freedom; renal improvement defined as a reduction of creatinine of more than 40%, normalization of creatinine and more than 20% reduction of creatinine, or discontinuation of renal replacement therapy; pulmonary improvement defined as extubation and discontinuation of ventilator support, or discontinuation of non-invasive mechanical ventilation; gastrointestinal improvement defined as improvement assessed by MAGIC (Mount Sinai GVHD International Consortium) criteria; or neurological improvement defined as limited to stroke, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, seizures, and weakness.

Eligible patients had an average age of 48, and 71% were male. Moreover, 96% of patients had malignant underlying disease. Regarding risk factors, 64% had GVHD, 75% had significant infection, 14% had non-infectious pulmonary complications, such as idiopathy pneumonia syndrome or diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, and 50% had neurological signs.

Moreover, the study population was defined as high risk as 93% of patients had multiple risk factors associated with poor outcome.

Regarding safety, any-grade toxicities were observed in 92.9% of patients treated with narsoplimab. The most common adverse effects (AEs) included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypokalemia, neutropenia, and fever.

Additionally, 21% of patients died while on study; however, all deaths were attributed to common complications of HSCT.

Investigators concluded that similar AEs are associated with patients who undergo transplant and that narsoplimab was generally well tolerated.

These are very highly encouraging results with narsoplimab in patients with very severe TMA who are unresponsive to other treatments. These results suggest that narsoplimab may be of benefit in these severely ill, complex patients with TMA, including those in the most complex clinical scenarios, Duarte concluded.

Reference

Duarte R. MASP-2 inhibition with the investigational agent narsoplimab for the treatment of HSCT-TMA: overview of data and case discussion. Presented at: 2020 European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Annual Meeting; August 30-September 2, 2020; Virtual. Session IS28-4.

Read more:
Emerging Evidence Supports the Use of Narsoplimab in HSCT-TMA - OncLive

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

DUBLIN, Sept. 3, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- The "Global Human Microbiome Immunology Therapeutics Market & Clinical Trial Insight 2025" clinical trials has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The scale and scope of microbiome research activity has now become one of the fastest growing areas in biology. The relevance that it has shown for the welfare of the society and pharmaceutical industry has led to the development of a transdisciplinary environment that is however conducive to innovation with a mission to abolish the limitations in the pharmaceutical industry through excellence in microbiome research, awareness and outreach. Over the years now, gut microbiome is estimated to implicate success for the various immunotherapies.

Microbiome's role in immunology practices is to transform world-class treatment into the medicine of today and tomorrow. It is highly recognizable that the healthcare issues that mankind is facing today is now bigger than any one solution. The treatment of certain diseases requires multiple options for the treatment and ultimately prevention. Therefore, the amalgamation of two different treatment paradigms i.e. microbiome and immunology are apparently delivering some medical benefits that millions of patients were in need for long period of time. The ways in which microbiome is understood and manipulated to serve the immunological aspects has given great interest to all the researchers.

The essential and usual concept of immunology depicts targeting the immune system of the body to provoke an immune response with huge impact but then the unsuccessful implication of immunology therapies driven treatments led to an exploration of several other basic concepts that could play an important role in boosting the immune system when combined. Looking forward, the microbiome community in the gut represented beneficial patterns with respect to further research. The area of microbiome research and its combination with immunological aspect for the disease treatment has produced a real excitement in the area of medical research and specifically microbiome research.

All over the world, the amalgamation of the two has been well accepted and appreciated by the patients, physicians and the clinicians. Investigation of all the working sides of microbiome and how it plays an important role in boosting the manipulated immune cells have recently started in large numbers as the technology available in the medical field allows to capture it accurately. To facilitate the microbiome and immunology community in order to extract the best and trending opportunities that are stemmed into the microbiome research, the experts from both the relevant disciplines are analyzing it through clinical researches and surveys. Further, the area is getting supported by 86 different clinical trials getting conducted in different countries.

The Global Human Microbiome Immunology Therapeutics Market & Clinical Trial Insight 2025 report summarizes the view of the wider opportunities that are associated microbiome community for the advancement of the scientific information regarding immunology. The science that is related to microbiome has high interdisciplinary and various opportunities that somehow have remained hidden in the medical world. It is believed that the opportunities and all the desirable tangible benefits microbiome is capable of delivering when combined with immunology is large and needs coordinated and constructive approach. The call to the two different sectors i.e. microbiology and immunology is estimated to unlock the potential and promising benefits of microbiome. The approach leading to the extraction of advantages if properly embedded in the microbiome and immunology research, the future benefits will be huge

Report Highlights:

Key Topics Covered:

1. Overview of Microbiome1.1 Introduction to Microbiome1.2 History & Evolution of Microbiome

2. Role of Microbiome in Human Body

3. Microbiome: Various Forms3.1 Gut Microbiome3.2 Lung Microbiome3.3 Skin Microbiome3.4 Microbiome in Other Parts of the Body

4. Mechanism of Microbiome Activity4.1 Nature of Immune Response4.1.1 Immunosuppressive Activity4.1.2 Immunostimulatory Activity4.2 Messengers Involves in Microbiome Mechanism4.2.1 MAMPs/PAMPs4.2.2 Microbial Metabolites As Messengers4.2.3 Host Cytokines As Messengers4.2.4 Immune Cells As Messengers

5. Technological Requirement for Microbiota5.1 Technologies Used5.1.1 iChip5.1.2 Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME)5.1.3 Gut-on-a-Chip System5.1.4 Colonic Stem Cell Construction5.2 Harnessing & Engineering the Microbiome5.2.1 Additive Approaches5.2.2 Subtractive Approaches

6. Need for Microbiome Immunology

7. Therapeutic Applications of Microbiome Immunology7.1 Microbiome Therapy7.2 Precision Medicine7.3 Drug discovery7.4 Biomarkers & Therapy Optimization

8. Human Microbiota in Infectious Diseases8.1 Infection with Clostridium Difficile8.2 Infection with Helicobacter Pylori8.3 Bacterial Vaginosis8.4 Infection with HIV

9. The Human Microbiota & Liver Diseases9.1 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)9.2 Alcoholic Liver Diseases (ALD)9.3 Liver Fibrosis & Cirrhosis

10. The Human Microbiota & Metabolic Disorders10.1 Obesity10.2 Type 2 Diabetes

11. The Human Microbiota & Other Diseases11.1 Microbiota & Allergic Diseases11.2 Microbiota & Psychiatric Diseases

12. Microbiome in Immuno Oncology12.1 Role of Microbiome in Immuno Oncology12.2 Microbiome Mechanism in Oncogenesis & Tumor Suppression

13. Microbiome Application by Cancer Types13.1 Gastric Cancer13.2 Colorectal Cancer13.3 Esophageal Cancer13.4 Hepatocellular Carcinoma13.5 Melanoma13.6 Solid Tumors

14. Industrial Approaches of Microbiome Therapy in Oncology14.1 Bacterial Approaches14.1.1 Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT)14.1.2 Synthetic Bacteria14.1.3 Microbial Culture14.2 Microbiome as Vaccine14.3 Microbiome as Small Molecules14.4 Microbiome Therapy using Phage Virus

15. Global Human Microbiome Market Analysis15.1 Overview15.2 Human Microbiome Market Segmentation15.2.1 Regional Segmentation15.2.2 Disease Based Segmentation15.2.3 Segmentation by Application

16. Clinical Pipeline of Microbiome Based Therapy16.1 Microbiome Modulators in Clinical Trial16.2 Cancer Related Clinical Trials16.2.1 Preclinical & Discovery Phase16.2.2 Active Clinical Trials16.3 Clinical Trial Related To FMT16.3.1 Clinical Trial for Recurrent C. difficile16.3.2 Clinical Trial for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)16.3.3 Other FMT Related Clinical Trials

17. Global Microbiome Modulators Clinical Pipeline By Company, Indication & Phase17.1 Research17.2 Preclinical17.3 Clinical17.4 Phase-I17.5 Phase-I/II17.6 Phase-II17.7 Phase-II/III17.8 Phase-III

18. Marketed Microbiome Modulators Clinical Insight18.1 Sodium Oligomannurarate - Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical18.2 Miya-BM

19. Global Microbiome Immunology Therapeutics Market Growth Drivers

20. Microbiome Technology - Investments, Acquisitions & Collaborations by Leading Microbiome Companies

21. Blockades in the Microbiome Immunology Market21.1 Stable Engraftment21.2 Development of Clinically Relevant Sensors21.3 Robustness and Evolutionary Stability of Genetic Circuits21.4 Regulation, Safety and Biocontainment

22. Global Microbiome Immunology Market Future Panorama

23. Competitive Landscape23.1 4D Pharma23.2 AbbVie23.3 AstraZeneca plc23.4 Biocodex23.5 Bristol Mayer Squibb23.6 Corebiome/Diversigen23.7 Elogi Bioscience23.8 Enterome23.9 Ferring Pharmaceuticals23.10 Finch Therapeutics23.11 Maat Pharma23.12 Merck23.13 Microbiome Therapeutics23.14 Novartis23.15 OpenBiome23.16 Pfizer23.17 Rebiotix23.18 Second Genome23.19 Seres Therapeutics23.20 Symberix23.21 Takeda Pharmaceuticals23.22 Vedanta Bioscience

For more information about this clinical trials report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/u5kzzz

Research and Markets also offers Custom Research services providing focused, comprehensive and tailored research.

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Worldwide Human Microbiome Immunology Therapeutics Industry to 2025 - The US Dominates the Global Market Landscape - PRNewswire

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

It was about the 3rd week into Bastions recovery from his TPLO surgery and he was already having a rough time. Bastion was a gregarious yellow Labrador who had his injured stifle about 25 days ago. Fortunately, his family elected for him to have his stifle surgically reconstructed. Initially, he had recovered well from surgery. But one day in particular, he presented to the hospital because he had a brief setback. He was limping far more severely than what would be normally expected at this stage of recovery.

The osteotomy from his surgery had not yet completely healed and he was still in the middle of his prescribed 5 weeks of exercise strict restriction. His family was trying their best but Bastion wasnt having it. He was too active at home and his humans were growing frustrated. Anti-anxiety medications had been dispensed but they were not given. Instead, his family had decided to give him CBD oil at home. When I asked why the prescribed medications had not been given, the client responded, I found CBD oil at the local farmers market and I figured it would work just as well.

Like Bastion, an increasing number of pets are receiving cannabidiol (CBD) supplements. The popularity of CBD continues to rise and many clients are incorporating CBD as part of the medication protocol for their pets, either as an adjunct or, as alternative treatment option.

Perhaps the initial interest in the benefits of CBD can be traced back to 1998, or possibly earlier, when scientists at the National Institutes of Health discovered that CBD could protect cells from oxidative stress. These findings fueled interest in the human medical field and, in large part, that appeal has been transmuted into veterinary medicine. The regard for this molecule has risen to such levels that in many homes, CBD is being used as the sole treatment option for a variety of medical conditions.

Veterinarians are becoming more fluent in the fascinating pharmacology regarding the use of this phytocannabinoid. A recent survey indicated that most veterinarians (61.5%) felt comfortable discussing the use of CBD with their colleagues, but only 45.5% felt comfortable discussing this topic with clients.1 Furthermore, veterinarians and clients in states with legalized recreational marijuana were more likely to talk about the use of CBD products to treat canine ailments than those in other states.2 Lastly, CBD was most frequently discussed as a potential treatment for pain management, anxiety and seizures.1 At first glance, the use of CBD has tangential or limited relevance in the world of veterinary surgery. However, as one takes a closer look at the putative, and proven benefits, it is clear that we are just scratching the surface of its therapeutic benefits. This article takes a brief dive into the world of CBD and its promise in the field of veterinary surgery.

Pain

Whether you perform surgery within a specialty discipline (oncology, orthopedics, neurology, soft tissue surgery, mixed animal, oral/dental, etc), or surgery is only a small part of your general practice, every veterinarian endeavors to aggressively manage pain. The first choice for pain relief among many clinicians are the medications that have been more extensively studied including, but not limited to, anti-inflammatories, gabapentinoids, opioids, local anesthetics, and other analgesics (acetaminophen, amantadine, cerenia etc). These medications or a combination thereof, have been prescribed to treat pain from orthopedic surgery, soft tissue surgery, surgical neuropathic conditions, pain from intestinal surgery, to name just a few. In the most basic schema, pain is divided into four categories: nociceptive pain (a response to damaged tissue), neuropathic pain (a response to directly-damaged sensory or spinal nerves), centralized pain (the result of pain signals being improperly amplified), and inflammatory pain.1 Cannabinoids may have a role to play in mediating all four of these types of pain states. When tissue is damaged, histamine, serotonin, TNF-alpha, IL-1-beta, IL-6, and Il -17 6, and interleukin 17 are released.2 Cannabinoids bind to the CB1 receptors and attenuate the pain signal by slowing down the release of those neurotransmitters.3 This process can take place locally or in the central nervous system.3 Cannabinoids have also been shown to inhibit the release of GABA, a well known neurotransmitter associated with pain.3 Although there is a paucity of clinical research on the use of CBD to treat postoperative pain in the veterinary medical setting, there has been heartening research conducted in humans. Indeed, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine concluded that there is, substantial evidence that cannabis is an effective treatment for chronic pain in adults.

Opioids have long been the go to option, or cornerstone of pain management, however, the potential for the adverse events associated with the use of opioids in veterinary patients is universally accepted.38 I have seen how distressing it can be for a family to see their pet experiencing any of the unpleasurable side effects of opioids including urine retention, delayed bowel movements, whining, panting, disorientation, or other manifestations of dysphoria. Those are just some of the challenges that clinicians face when using opioids for chronic pain management. Considering the ongoing consequences of the opioid epidemic, there is a search for pain management solutions that are innovative, prone to less adverse events, and are more effective. As the scientific community begins to evaluate the evidence for use of CBD , it is clear that more research is needed.

Anecdotal reports of CBDs efficacy as a pain reliever are ubiquitous but more are turning to scientific data for evidence of CBDs efficacy. A study in 2020 evaluating effects of CBD hemp extract on opioid use and quality of life indicators in chronic pain patients found that over half of chronic pain patients (53%) reduced or eliminated their opioids within 8 weeks after adding CBD-rich hemp extract to their regimens.5 Almost all CBD users (94%) reported quality of life improvements.5 And in a recent study evaluating orally consumed cannabinoids for long-lasting relief of allodynia in a mouse model, found that cannabinoids reduced hyperalgesia and a similar effect was not found with morphine.4 Mouse vocalizations were recorded throughout the experiment, and mice showed a large increase in ultrasonic, broadband clicks after sciatic nerve injury, which was reversed by THC, CBD, and morphine.4 The study demonstrated that cannabinoids provide long-term relief of chronic pain states.4 If research shows that use of cannabinoids in animals, specifically, CBD, can help to decrease the use of opioids for pain management, that would help make more animals comfortable and potentially help to fight the tragic epidemic of human prescription opioid abuse. Further research is needed in a variety of species, specifically, both the canine and feline species.

Bone Healing

Both general veterinary practitioners and veterinary surgeons commonly diagnose and treat fractures. A large retrospective study of fracture incidence in dogs in North America has not been published since 1994; however, the findings from that study are still informative regarding the frequency of bone injuries. That study demonstrated that approximately 24% of all patients in the population studied over a 10 year period were affected by a disorder of the musculoskeletal system, with fractures contributing the largest proportion (over 29%) of all of the diagnosis of the appendicular skeletal system.7 Although that research is dated, the conclusions from this study - at the very least, indicate that fractures are commonplace in the clinical veterinary setting.7 Fracture repair has gradually become more straightforward due to improvements in technology. Because of these innovations, speciality surgeons and general practitioners who repair fractures have begun to see better surgical outcomes. So whether you primarily stabilize fractures with implants, or if external coaptation of fractures with the intention to refer (or perhaps as the primary means of fixation) is your treatment of choice, all veterinary practitioners aim to help fractured bones heal quickly. Despite these technological improvements, bone healing can be protracted or non existent with some fractures. There are a variety of options at a veterinarians disposal to kick-start the healing process but perhaps in the near future, CBD may be added to that armamentarium. The effect of CBD in fracture healing has been investigated evaluating bone callus formation in femur fractures in a rat model.8 The findings demonstrated enhanced biomechanical properties of healing fractures in those given CBD compared with a control group.8 This effect was not found in those only given 9-THC. Moreover, the bone forming effects (osteogenic) of CBD were weakened when test subjects were given equal amounts of CBD and 9-THC.6 Another in vivo research study indicated that when CBD is incorporated into a surface that promotes bone growth (osteoconductive scaffold) it can stimulate stem cell migration and osteogenic differentiation.9 Further studies are needed to better evaluate the role of CBD in healing and bone metabolism of companion animals so that these findings can be applied in the clinical setting.

Additionally, cannabis has been shown to be a useful addition in treatment plans optimized to improve bone health in laboratory studies. A study endeavored to more closely understand the role of CB2 receptors in maintaining bone health. CB2 receptors in bone cells have been linked to maintaining bone density and stimulating growth, and may therefore have a part in reversing the effects of osteoporosis.10 One study evaluating role of CB2 receptors, found that in mice whose genes had been altered to remove the CB1 or CB2 receptors, those that developed signs of bone weakness that were far more pronounced than those in the control group.12 Another study in 2009, investigated the relationship between CB2 expression and bone disease in humans. The study found that people with dysfunctional CB2 receptors to have significantly weaker hand bones.11

Arthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) affects many dogs, large and small. Most often, OA is the consequence of a developmental orthopedic disease that often affects a single joint or a pair of joints, and, less often, affects multiple joints. It is axiomatic that Mother Nature likes symmetry thus developmental orthopedic diseases frequently affect both left and right joints. For example, hip dysplasia is reportedly bilateral in >60% of affected dog,s13 and elbow dysplasia is bilateral in approximately 50% of affected dogs.14 Osteoarthritis occurs secondary to a myriad of primary orthopedic conditions that affect a variety of joints including: the hip (most common causes of OA in the hip: hip dysplasia, Perthes disease); stifle (patellar luxation, cranial cruciate ligament disease, osteochondritis dissecans [OCD]); elbow (elbow dysplasia, elbow OCD, fragmentation of the medial coronoid process, incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle); shoulder (shoulder OCD, developmental shoulder subluxation); tarsus (OCD of the talus), and carpus (carpal laxity, carpal subluxation secondary to chondrodystrophy); and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint degenerative osteoarthritis (digital osteoarthritis) .

Cannabinoids were found to treat pain secondary to inflammation in a variety of studies on humans. Some of the most compelling research has shown that cannabis can reduce the inflammation in the joint caused in human patients diagnosed with immune mediated arthritis.15 One study found that cannabinoids could simultaneously reduce the secretion of cytokines involved in inflammation from one type of TH immune cells, which were being under-produced, while also increasing their numbers to correct their scarcity.15 Furthermore in a study in 2003, researchers found that plant-based cannabinoids could suppress the expression of interleukin-1betaone of the most prominent markers for inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritisby as much as 50%.16 And finally, in 2006, transdermal applications of CBD were shown to decrease biomarkers that can contribute to neurogenic inflammation in a sample of arthritic rats. 17

A report published in the journal of PAIN, lead by researchers at Baylor College of Medicine revealed the results of a large, double blinded, placebo controlled study on the positive effects CBD had in the fight against osteoarthritis.18 The study was designed with two main goals: The first portion of the research studied the effect CBD had on the inflammatory molecules and cells in mice.18 The second portion of the study, investigated whether CBD improved the quality of life in dogs diagnosed with osteoarthritis. In lab tests and in mouse models, CBD significantly decreased the production of natural chemicals that promote inflammation and it increased the natural chemicals that fight inflammation.18 Essentially, what they saw was a drop in proinflammatory cytokines and an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines. 18 For dogs with osteoarthritis, CBD significantly decreased pain and increased mobility in a dose-dependent fashion. Importantly, A lower dose of liposomal CBD was as effective as the highest dose of nonliposomal CBD, indicating that the effect of CBD was quicker and more effective when CBD was delivered encapsulated in liposomes than without.18 Blood samples indicated no significant harmful side effects, or adverse events, over the 4-week analysis period.18 Although this study is very promising and it supports the safety and therapeutic potential of hemp-derived CBD for relieving arthritic pain in dogs, it is important to consult with your pets veterinarian before giving any supplement or medication.

In the veterinary population, use of cannabidiol and other alternative treatments may have the potential to obviate the need for other medications, and thus spare patients from adverse effects associated with their use. More likely, the use of cannabinoids could be additive or synergistic in a multimodal treatment strategy and could increase quality-of-life issues associated with painful arthritic conditions.

Intervertebral Disk Disease

As our patients age, discs in the spine also undergo degenerative changes. Thus, degeneration of intervertebral discs is evitable. This process of degeneration is multifactorial process and it involves hypoxia, inflammation, neoinnervation, accelerated catabolism, and reduction in water and glycosaminoglycan content.39 The magnitude and severity of disc degeneration can vary widely between patients. The most common locations of clinically relevant disc disease are located in the cervical spine, thoracolumbar spine, and the lumbosacral spine.40 Although there are various manifestations of disc disease, broad classifications of Hansen Type I and Type II are typically used to describe the condition. In short, disc material may either extrude (acute herniations) or protrude (chronic herniations), both of which compress the spinal cord which ultimately can cause pain, paresis, paralysis and other neurological deficits.40 The prevalence of thoracolumbar disc disease dogs has been estimated at 3.5%.40 Depending on the neurologic examination, diagnosis, severity, prognosis, and other factors, surgery may be recommended to decompress the spinal cord.

After surgical decompression, there are a host of challenges that the the patient, the family, and the surgeon, may have to work through including a potentially protracted recovery, recurrence of neurological signs, post surgical pain, spinal instability, urinary disorders, (cystitis, urinary tract infection, urinary retention, micturition disorders), ascending myelomalacia, and others.41 Could CBD play a part in helping to improve those affected by disc disease pre-, intra-, or post-operatively and what types of spinal disorders could benefit from CBD? A study conducted on the use of CBD in mice with degenerative disc disease showed promise in mitigating the effect of disc damage and wear.19 Instead of being ingested orally, CBD was injected at the site of the disc. Researchers investigated the effects of cannabidiol intradiscal injection using a combination of MRI and histological analyses.19 A puncture was created in the disc and then CBD was injected into the disc (30, 60 or 120 nmol) shortly after.19 The effects of intradiscal injection of cannabidiol were analyzed within 2 days by MRI.17 Fifteen days later, the group that received cannabidiol 120 nmol was resubmitted to MRI examination and then to histological analyses after the cannabidiol injection.19 What they found was that cannabidiol significantly decreased the effects of disc injury induced by the needle puncture.19 These results suggest that this compound could be useful in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration perhaps using a novel route of administration.

Unfortunately, the exact mechanism for how CBD oil helped protect disc damage is still being investigated. The hope is that the neuroprotective properties of cannabidiol can also be found in the study of canine and feline disc disease to ultimately improve functional recovery.

References:

Kogan L, Schoenfeld-Tacher R, et al. US Veterinarians' Knowledge, Experience, and Perception Regarding the Use of Cannabidiol for Canine Medical Conditions. Front Vet Sci. 2018;5:338.

Abd-Elsayed A., Deer T.R. (2019) Different Types of Pain. In: Abd-Elsayed A. (eds) Pain. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99124-5_3

Manzanares J, Julian MD, Carrascosa A. Role of the Cannabinoid System in Pain Control and Therapeutic Implications for the Management of Acute and Chronic Pain Episodes Curr Neuropharmacol. 2006 Jul; 4(3): 239257.

Abraham AD, Leung EJ, Brenden A, Wong BA, Rivera ZM, Kruse LC, et al. Orally consumed cannabinoids provide long-lasting relief of allodynia in a mouse model of chronic neuropathic pain. 2020 Jun;45(7):1105-1114. doi: 10.1038/s41386-019-0585-3. Epub 2019 Dec 7.

Capano A, Weaver R, Burkman E. Evaluation of the effects of CBD hemp extract on opioid use and quality of life indicators in chronic pain patients: a prospective cohort study. Postgrad Med. 2020 Jan;132(1):56-61. doi:10.1080/00325481.2019.1685298. Epub 2019 Nov 12.

Abraham AD, Leung EJ, Wong BA, Rivera ZM, Kruse LC, Clark JJ, Land BB. Orally consumed cannabinoids provide long-lasting relief of allodynia in a mouse model of chronic neuropathic pain. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2020: 45:11051114.

Johnson, J., Austin, C., & Breur, G. Incidence of Canine Appendicular Musculoskeletal Disorders in 16 Veterinary Teaching Hospitals from 1980 through 1989. Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 07(02), 5669. (1994). doi:10.1055/s-0038-1633097

Kogan NM, Melamed E, Wasserman E. Cannabidiol, a Major Non-Psychotropic Cannabis Constituent Enhances Fracture Healing and Stimulates Lysyl Hydroxylase Activity in Osteoblasts J Bone Miner Re. 2015 Oct;30(10):1905-13. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.2513. Epub 2015 May 10.

Kamali, A., Oryan, A., Hosseini, S., Ghanian, M. H., Alizadeh, M., Baghaban Eslaminejad, M., & Baharvand, H. Cannabidiol-loaded microspheres incorporated into osteoconductive scaffold enhance mesenchymal stem cell recruitment and regeneration of critical-sized bone defects. Materials Science and Engineering: (2019). C, 101, 6475. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.070

Bab I, Zimmer A. Cannabinoid Receptors and the Regulation of Bone Mass. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2007 153:182-188 doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707593

I. Idris, A. Cannabinoid Receptors as Target for Treatment of Osteoporosis: A Tale of Two Therapies. Current Neuropharmacology. 2010. 8(3), 243253. doi:10.2174/157015910792246173

Meliha Karsak et al. The Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 (CNR2) Gene Is Associated with Hand Bone Strength Phenotypes in an Ethnically Homogeneous Family Sample. Human Genetics. 2009. 5:629-36 doi:10.1007/s00439-009-0708-8.

Loder, R. T., & Todhunter, R. J. The Demographics of Canine Hip Dysplasia in the United States and Canada. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2017 115. doi:10.1155/2017/5723476

ONeill DG, Brodbelt DC, Hodge R,. Church DB, Meeson RL. Epidemiology and clinical management of elbow joint disease in dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK. Canine Medicine and Genetics. 2020 volume 7:1

Susan H. Pross et al. Differential Suppression of T-cell Subpopulations by THC (delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol). International Journal of Immunopharmacology 12, no. 5 (1990): 539-44. doi:10.1016/0192-0561(90)90118-7

Robert B. Zurier et al. Suppression of Human Monocyte Interleukin-1 Production by Ajulemic Acid, a Nonpsychoactive Cannabinoid. Biochemical Pharmacology. 2003 4:649-55. doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(02)01604-0.

D.c. Hammell et al. Transdermal Cannabidiol Reduces Inflammation and Pain-related Behaviours in a Rat Model of Arthritis. European Journal of Pain. 2015 6:936-48. doi:10.1002/ejp.818

Verrico, C. D., Wesson, S., Konduri, V., Hofferek, C. J., Vazquez-Perez, J., Blair, E., Halpert, M. M. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of daily cannabidiol for the treatment of canine osteoarthritis pain. 2020. Pain. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001896

Silveira, J. W., Issy, A. C., Castania, V. A., Salmon, C. E. G., Nogueira-Barbosa, M. H., Guimares, et al. Protective Effects of Cannabidiol on Lesion-Induced Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. 2014. PLoS ONE 9:12 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113161

Yam, M., Loh, Y., Tan, C., Khadijah Adam, S., Abdul Manan, N., & Basir, R. . General Pathways of Pain Sensation and the Major Neurotransmitters Involved in Pain Regulation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018 19(8), 2164. doi:10.3390/ijms19082164

Costigan, M., Scholz, J., & Woolf, C. J. Neuropathic Pain: A Maladaptive Response of the Nervous System to Damage. Annual Review of Neuroscience. 2009 32(1), 132. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.051508.135531

Arora A, Taliyan R, Sharma PL. Ameliorative Potential of Cannabis Sativa Extract on Diabetes Induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 1. 2010 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/216536386_Ameliorative_potential_of_cannabis_sativa_extract_

Mark S. Wallace et al., Efficacy of Inhaled Cannabis on Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. 2015. Pain 16(7): 616-27 doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.03.008.

Gruen, M. E., Roe, S. C., Griffith, E., Hamilton, A., & Sherman, B. L.. Use of trazodone to facilitate postsurgical confinement in dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. (2014) 245(3), 296301. doi:10.2460/javma.245.3.296

Serra, G., & Fratta, W. A possible role for the endocannabinoid system in the neurobiology of depression. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health. 2007. 3(1), 25. doi:10.1186/1745-0179-3-25

Kim, E. J., Pellman, B., & Kim, J. J. Stress effects on the hippocampus: a critical review. Learning & Memory. 2015. 22(9), 411416. doi:10.1101/lm.037291.114

Demirakca, T., Sartorius, A., Ende, G., et al. Diminished gray matter in the hippocampus of cannabis users: Possible protective effects of cannabidiol. 2010. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.09.020

Mateus M. Bergamaschi et al. Cannabidiol Reduces the Anxiety Induced by Simulated Public Speaking in Treatment-Nave Social Phobia Patients. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2011 36(6):1219-26 doi:10.1038/npp.2011.6.

Jos Alexandre S Crippa et al. Neural Basis of Anxiolytic Effects of Cannabidiol (CBD) in Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder: A Preliminary Report. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2010. 25: 1doi:10.1177/0269881110379283.

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Pamplona, F. A., da Silva, L. R., & Coan, A. C. Potential Clinical Benefits of CBD-Rich Cannabis Extracts Over Purified CBD in Treatment-Resistant Epilepsy: Observational Data Meta-analysis. 2018. Frontiers in Neurology, 9. doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00759

Palmieri B, Laurino C, Vadal M. A therapeutic effect of cbd-enriched ointment in inflammatory skin diseases and cutaneous scars. Mar-Apr 2019;170(2):e93-e99. doi: 10.7417/CT.2019.2116.

Sangiovanni, E., Fumagalli, M., Pacchetti, B., Piazza, S., et al.. Cannabis sativa L. extract and cannabidiol inhibit in vitro mediators of skin inflammation and wound injury. (2019). Phytotherapy Research. doi:10.1002/ptr.6400

B. Van Klingeren and M. Ten Ham. Antibacterial Activity of 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol. 1976. 42(1-2): 9-12 doi:10.1007/bf00399444.

Giovanni Appendino et al. Antibacterial Cannabinoids From Cannabis Sativa: A StructureActivity Study. 2008. Journal of Natural Products 71(8):1427-430, doi:10.1021/np8002673

McIver, V., Tsang, A., Symonds, N., Perkins, N., et al. Effects of topical treatment of cannabidiol extract in a unique manuka factor 5 manuka honey carrier on second intention wound healing on equine distal limb wounds: a preliminary study. 2020. Australian Veterinary Journal. doi:10.1111/avj.12932

White, D. M., Mair, A. R., & Martinez-Taboada, F. Opioid-free anaesthesia in three dogs. Open Veterinary Journal. 2017 7(2), 104. doi:10.4314/ovj.v7i2.5

Hansen T, Smolders LA, Tryfonidou MA, et al: The Myth of Fibroid Degeneration in the Canine Intervertebral Disc: A Histopathological Comparison of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Chondrodystrophic and Nonchondrodystrophic Dogs. Vet Pathol 2017 Vol 54 (6) pp. 945-952.

40. Jeffery ND, Levine JM, Olby NJ, et al: Intervertebral disk degeneration in dogs: consequences, diagnosis, treatment, and future directions. J Vet Intern Med 2013 Vol 27 (6) pp. 1318-33.

41. Balducci F, Canal S, Contiero B, et al: Prevalence and Risk Factors for Presumptive Ascending/Descending Myelomalacia in Dogs after Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disk Herniation. J Vet Intern Med 2017 Vol 31 (2) pp. 498-504.

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Unraveling the use of CBD in veterinary medicine - Jill Lopez

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

On April 15, 2002, the FDA approved a temporary treatment for wrinkles that would revolutionize aging. All of a sudden, you could waltz into a derms office and get your frown lines ironed out faster than it would take to iron an actual shirt. It was called botulinum toxin, Botox for short.

Eighteen years later, a few units of Botox every three months has become the norm for millions around the world (more than seven million yearly in the U.S. alone). Now, if someone had told your grandparents, or even your parents, 20 years ago that people would be getting their foreheads frozen to look younger, they likely would have scoffed at the idea. So just imagine what other wild fixes could be coming to a medi-spa near you.

Its exciting to think about how the next 10 years will look, says Dr. Rohan Bissoondath, medical director of Calgarys Preventous Cosmetic Medicine clinic. With lifespan increasing, people are routinely going to be living into their hundreds, so we want to look great as well. From magic pills to creams that mimic injections, we take a look at the incredible innovations on the horizon.

You wont need surgery to lift your face

The way science is progressing, facelifts are set to become obsolete, says Dr. Lisa Kellett of Torontos DLK on Avenue. I think that the gold standard will eventually be finding ways to regenerate and kick-start our own collagen instead of doing a facelift. Kellett is already trying out cutting-edge technology to accomplish this, such as a laser that delivers growth factors right in the dermis to regenerate tissue. Its pretty snazzy stuff, but she anticipates even greater advances in coming years. I think well be able to use stem cells in conjunction with technology to regenerate collagen I think thats what well be doing one day.

Youll (hopefully) be able to nix wrinkles without needles

Botox in a cream? This has been in the pipeline for a while, says Bissoondath. The challenge is getting the molecules to penetrate the skin so that they can act on the muscle. Maybe on crows feet because its a thinner area, thinner muscles; that may be an area where we see some utility for it, but its still out there. Topical Botox had some success in trials, but scientists still have kinks to work out. In the meantime, a Botox cream might be beneficial even if it doesnt reach muscles, says Bissoondath. I see the potential for having it in a cream and applying it to the whole face, not necessarily affecting facial expressions, but giving an improved glow and better skin quality.

Therell be more all-in-one solutions

If you want to smooth, you get Botox. If you want to brighten, you get IPL. If you want to tighten, you get Thermage. But what if there was a treatment that did it all? I think thats the future of aging, says Kellett, who is just about to launch such a treatment at her clinic. Marketed as the next generation of laser and light-based platform technology, Etherea MX is a multiple modality device that can tackle everything from dark spots and skin laxity to textural issues and wrinkles. It means that when patients come in, theyre not just doing one thing, says the doc. Instead, in the same appointment, shes able to address a variety of concerns with a single machine.

Youll be able to take a pill instead of hitting the gym

OK, this is very cool. Something I think is possible is a pill to replace exercise, says Bissoondath, who adds that this could be developed in the not so distant future. With the advances were making in understanding the functions of our body down to the cellular level and intracellular level, and understanding how our mitochondria actually ages, were looking at ways now where we can manipulate that from a pill perspective. The pill wouldnt deliver all the benefits of physical activity, such as the positive impact on our mood, but it would replicate its effects on our body. It wont take the place of walking around outside and soaking up nature it cant do the mental part of it. But as far as the physiologic, biochemical part of it, were really understanding that better and making big strides. Its exciting.

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Exciting new technologies could change the way we age - TheRecord.com

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Lipocine Inc. [NASDAQ: LPCN] stock went on a downward path that fall over -5.41% on Tuesday, amounting to a one-week price decrease of less than -2.78%. The company report on August 28, 2020 that Lipocine Provides Regulatory Update for TLANDO.

Lipocine Inc. (NASDAQ: LPCN), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on metabolic and endocrine disorders, today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has informed the Company that it needs additional time to complete its review of TLANDOs New Drug Application (NDA) and is committed to taking action as expeditiously as possible. The anticipated Prescription Drug User Food Act (PDUFA) goal date was August 28, 2020 for TLANDO. Although the FDA did not provide a timeline on a new action date, the FDA informed the Company that the review is expected to be completed in the coming weeks. The FDA has not asked for any additional data and the Company has provided the FDA with all information requested to date.

TLANDO is the Companys oral testosterone product candidate for testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in adult males for conditions associated with a deficiency of endogenous testosterone, also known as hypogonadism.

Over the last 12 months, LPCN stock dropped by -55.70%. The average equity rating for LPCN stock is currently 2.50, trading closer to a bullish pattern in the stock market.

The market cap for the stock reached $91.98 million, with 65.69 million shares outstanding and 63.81 million shares in the current float. Compared to the average trading volume of 3.98M shares, LPCN stock reached a trading volume of 3277408 in the most recent trading day, which is why market watchdogs consider the stock to be active.

H.C. Wainwright have made an estimate for Lipocine Inc. shares, keeping their opinion on the stock as Buy, with their previous recommendation back on January 12, 2018. While these analysts kept the previous recommendation, Canaccord Genuity raised their target price from $11 to $2. The new note on the price target was released on January 11, 2018, representing the official price target for Lipocine Inc. stock. Previously, the target price had yet another raise to $10, while H.C. Wainwright analysts kept a Buy rating on LPCN stock.

The Average True Range (ATR) for Lipocine Inc. is set at 0.20, with the Price to Sales ratio for LPCN stock in the period of the last 12 months amounting to 459.90. The Price to Book ratio for the last quarter was 5.38, with the Price to Cash per share for the same quarter was set at 0.28.

Lipocine Inc. [LPCN] fell into the red zone at the end of the last week, falling into a negative trend and dropping by -2.78. With this latest performance, LPCN shares dropped by -18.13% in over the last four-week period, additionally plugging by 142.21% over the last 6 months not to mention a drop of -55.70% in the past year of trading.

Overbought and oversold stocks can be easily traced with the Relative Strength Index (RSI), where an RSI result of over 70 would be overbought, and any rate below 30 would indicate oversold conditions. An RSI rate of 50 would represent a neutral market momentum. The current RSI for LPCN stock in for the last two-week period is set at 38.05, with the RSI for the last a single of trading hit 33.01, and the three-weeks RSI is set at 43.43 for Lipocine Inc. [LPCN]. The present Moving Average for the last 50 days of trading for this stock 1.5779, while it was recorded at 1.5920 for the last single week of trading, and 0.8038 for the last 200 days.

Operating Margin for any stock indicates how profitable investing would be, and Lipocine Inc. [LPCN] shares currently have an operating margin of -7818.83. Lipocine Inc.s Net Margin is presently recorded at -7883.72.

Return on Total Capital for LPCN is now -77.88, given the latest momentum, and Return on Invested Capital for the company is -98.31. Return on Equity for this stock declined to -165.47, with Return on Assets sitting at -64.22. When it comes to the capital structure of this company, Lipocine Inc. [LPCN] has a Total Debt to Total Equity ratio set at 113.68. Additionally, LPCN Total Debt to Total Capital is recorded at 53.20, with Total Debt to Total Assets ending up at 36.36. Long-Term Debt to Equity for the company is recorded at 60.66, with the Long-Term Debt to Total Capital now at 28.39.

Reflecting on the efficiency of the workforce at the company, Lipocine Inc. [LPCN] managed to generate an average of -$1,083,945 per employee. Receivables Turnover for the company is 6.00 with a Total Asset Turnover recorded at a value of 0.01.Lipocine Inc.s liquidity data is similarly interesting compelling, with a Quick Ratio of 5.50 and a Current Ratio set at 5.50.

With the latest financial reports released by the company, Lipocine Inc. posted -0.12/share EPS, while the average EPS was predicted by analysts to be reported at -0.16/share. When compared, the two values demonstrate that the company surpassed the estimates by a Surprise Factor of 25.00%. The progress of the company may be observed through the prism of EPS growth rate, while Wall Street analysts are focusing on predicting the 5-year EPS growth rate for LPCN.

There are presently around $6 million, or 6.60% of LPCN stock, in the hands of institutional investors. The top three institutional holders of LPCN stocks are: VANGUARD GROUP INC with ownership of 1,104,304, which is approximately 3.554% of the companys market cap and around 1.10% of the total institutional ownership; AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL INC, holding 788,500 shares of the stock with an approximate value of $1.1 million in LPCN stocks shares; and BLACKROCK INC., currently with $1.01 million in LPCN stock with ownership of nearly -10.223% of the companys market capitalization.

Positions in Lipocine Inc. stocks held by institutional investors increased at the end of August and at the time of the August reporting period, where 20 institutional holders increased their position in Lipocine Inc. [NASDAQ:LPCN] by around 836,911 shares. Additionally, 9 investors decreased positions by around 171,052 shares, while 12 investors held positions by with 3,319,043 shares. The mentioned changes placed institutional holdings at 4,327,006 shares, according to the latest SEC report filing. LPCN stock had 11 new institutional investments in for a total of 550,302 shares, while 6 institutional investors sold positions of 84,899 shares during the same period.

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H.C. Wainwright Reiterated Lipocine Inc. [LPCN]. What else is Wall St. saying? - The DBT News

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

A research report on the Hormone Replacement Therapy Market 2020 Industry Research Report is being published by Stats and Reports. This is a key document as far as the clients and industries are concerned to not only understand the competitive market status that exists currently but also what future holds for it in the upcoming period, i.e., between 2020 and 2026. It has taken the previous market status of 2013 2018 to project the future status. The report has categorized in terms of region, type, key industries, and application.

Major Geographical Regions

The study report on Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Market 2020 would cover every big geographical, as well as, sub-regions throughout the world. The report has focused on market size, value, product sales and opportunities for growth in these regions. The market study has analyzed the competitive trend apart from offering valuable insights to clients and industries. These data will undoubtedly help them to plan their strategy so that they could not only expand but also penetrate into a market.

A sample of report copy could be downloaded by visiting the site: https://www.statsandreports.com/request-sample/301016-global-hormone-replacement-therapy-market-size-status-and-forecast-2019-2025

Acknowledge the Global Hormone Replacement Therapy market with the assist of our expert analyst moderating the worldwide fluctuations. This market report will answer all your queries regarding growth of your business in this Covid-19 pandemic.

The researchers have analyzed the competitive advantages of those involved in the industries or in the Hormone Replacement Therapy industry. While historical years were taken as 2013 2018, the base year for the study was 2018. Similarly, the report has given its projection for the year 2020 apart from the outlook for years 2020 2026.

Top Leading Companies and Type

Like any other research material, the report has covered key geographical regions such as Europe, Japan, United States, India, Southeast Asia and Europe. Researchers have given their opinion or insights of value, product sales, and industry share besides availability opportunities to expand in those regions. As far as the sub-regions, North America, Canada, Medico, Australia, Asia-Pacific, India, South Korea, China, Singapore, Indonesia, Japan, Rest of Asia-Pacific, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Spain, Italy, Rest of Europe, Russia, Central & South America, Middle East & Africa are included.

Major players in the report included are F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Amgen, ANI Pharmaceuticals, Bayer, Eli Lilly, Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical, Ipsen, Merck, Mylan Laboratories, Orion, QuatRx Pharmaceuticals, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, TherapeuticsMD.

Types covered in the Hormone Replacement Therapy industry are Estrogen Replacement Therapy, Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy.

Applications covered in the report are Menopause, Hypothyroidism, Male Hypogonadism, Growth Hormone Deficiency.

As a part of our Corporate Social Responsibility, we would like to announce that we would be contributing 15 % of our profits to USA, UK, Italy, Spain and India relief fund.

Geographical Scope of this report includes:

Report Aims

The objective of the researchers is to find out the sales, value, and status of the Hormone Replacement Therapy industry at the international levels. While the status covers the years of 2013 2018, the forecast is for the period 2020 2026 that will enable market players to not only plan but also execute strategies based on the market needs.

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Hormone Replacement Therapy Market

The study wanted to focus on key manufacturers, competitive landscape, and SWOT analysis for the Hormone Replacement Therapy industry. Apart from looking into the geographical regions, the report concentrated on key trends and segments that are either driving or preventing the growth of the industry. Researchers have also focused on individual growth trends besides their contribution to the overall market.

Target Audience of the Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Market in Market Study:

Key Consulting Companies & AdvisersLarge, medium-sized, and small enterprisesVenture capitalistsValue-Added Re-sellers (VARs)Third-party knowledge providersInvestment bankersInvestors

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** The market is evaluated based on the weighted average selling price (WASP) and includes the taxes applicable to the manufacturer. All currency conversions used in the creation of this report were calculated using a certain annual average rate of 2020 currency conversion.

Crucial points encompassed in the report:

In the end, Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Report delivers a conclusion that includes Breakdown and Data Triangulation, Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change, Research Findings, Market Size Estimation, Data Source. These factors will increase the business overall.

Major queries related Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Market with covid-19 effect resolves in the report:

1. How market players are performing in this covid-19 event?2. How the pricing of essential raw material and related market affects Hormone Replacement Therapy market.3. Is covid-19 pandemic already affected on projected region or what will be the maximum impact of covid-19 in region?4. What will be the CAGR growth of the Hormone Replacement Therapy market during the forecast period?5. In 2026 what will be the estimated value of Hormone Replacement Therapy market?

About Us

Stats and Reports is a global market research and consulting service provider specialized in offering wide range of business solutions to their clients including market research reports, primary and secondary research, demand forecasting services, focus group analysis and other services. We understand that how data is important in todays competitive environment and thus, we have collaborated with industrys leading research providers who works continuously to meet the ever-growing demand for market research reports throughout the year.

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Hormone Replacement Therapy Market Research Provides an In-Depth Analysis on the Future Growth Prospects and Industry Trends Adopted by the...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

While the act of continuously scrolling through social media or surfing the web and taking in a constant torrent of bad news isnt really new, its gotten new attention during the pandemic and even a new name: doomscrolling.

Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services.Policy

Chances are, at some point, youve found yourself doing this, an unending scroll in the harsh light of your smartphone or computer screen. Whether its Facebook or Google or any number of other places, youre subjecting yourself to a constant stream of terrible news.

But, surprise, doomscrolling isnt good for your mental health for a variety of reasons. We talked to psychologist Susan Albers, PsyD, about doomscrolling, including why we do it and how we can stop this bad habit.

We may be telling ourselves that were staying informed, but theres something deeper at work when we find ourselves constantly scrolling through social media and bad news headlines.

If youre depressed, you often look for information that can confirm how you feel, says Dr. Albers. If youre feeling negative, then reading negative news reconfirms how you feel. Its the same mindset.

If you do that a few times, it can easily become a habit. If youre continuously scrolling, it becomes a mindless habit, she says. A lot of times, you might not even be aware youre doing it. But it becomes such a habit that if you have a down moment, you might pick up your phone and start scrolling without even really being aware of it.

Dr. Albers notes that doomscrolling can also be a function of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In this scenario, your brain continues to loop around on a particular topic similar to endless scrolling, she says. The behavior is not really about finding news, its about reducing anxiety.

When OCD is at the root of the problem, its likely that more structured cognitive behavioral therapy is needed or therapy.

Doomscrolling can reinforce negative thoughts and a negative mindset, something that can greatly impact your mental health. Consuming negative news has been linked in research with greater fear, stress, anxiety and sadness.

If youre are prone to anxiety, depression or sadness, doomscrolling can be like stepping into quicksand, says Dr. Albers. The negativity can pull you under quickly and can lead to panic attacks.

She also says it can impact your sleep: When youre anxious, its hard to turn your mind off to go to sleep.

But another risk of doomscrolling is that it has the potential to create what is called crazy-making. In other words, you might see one set of information from one media outlet but the very next source you scroll by might give completely conflicting information. Your mind doesnt know how to reconcile the information.

Theres also a big downside to simply being online so much. Too much time on any media or social media sites, whether the news is bad or not, has been linked with feelings of depression, Dr. Albers says. Burying your nose in a phone can exacerbate disconnection and loneliness. Being locked on a screen can zap your energy and leave you feeling drained.

Whats happening on a biological level, she says, is that you are feeding your brain a continual stream of cortisol, or the stress hormone. Over time, the brain and body become exhausted by the high levels of this stress hormone. It breaks down and leads to health problems or mental health issues.

Its not all doom and gloom, though. There are ways you can give yourself distance and reduce the urge to dive into the social media abyss, says Dr. Albers. And she has ways you can gently alter your behavior so that you can make sure you set up healthier patterns of mindfulness and news consumption.

Localizing means limiting a behavior to a specific time or place, says Dr. Albers. Its okay that you need to read some news to stay informed, but by setting these boundaries and sticking to them,youre channeling behavior into more appropriate or specific time periods that are more ideal.

If youre scrolling first thing in the morning, Dr. Albers says, plug your phone in on the other side of the room so you dont pick up your phone before you even get out of bed. Instead of opening your phone before anything else, get up, have some coffee get your day underway before you dive into the news.

Be mindful of how a particular article makes you feel as you are scrolling by it, Dr. Albers suggests. Notice or observe the sensations in your body or your minds response to the news.

When you pay attention consciously to the bad feelings such as anxiety, agitation or stress, she says, its more likely to motivate you to put on the brakes. This, she adds, is your bodys way of saying stop.

Catastrophizing is when your mind jumps straight to the worst-case scenario. Often, these thoughts are possible but not really probable, Dr. Albers says. Youre mind is jumping right from A to Z.

Instead, she says, reel your thoughts back in by asking yourself what is a more realistic or likely outcome of the situation youre reading about.

Thought stopping is a cognitive-behavioral technique typically used for ending obsessive or anxious thoughts. When you have difficulty turning off a thought, imagine a red stop sign, suggest Dr. Albers. The power of imagination is helpful in curbing your thinking.

Check your phone consciously, not compulsively, she adds. Compulsive checking is something you do automatically without even much thought. So when you pick up your phone, pause for a second and be mindful of what you are doing. If the stop sign doesnt work and you find yourself still engaging in too much scrolling, try wearing a rubber band around your wrist as a physical reminder.

If you cant stop the scrolling, consider slowing down the pace. The human attention span is very short, Dr. Albers points out. When we scroll quickly, we continue to shorten the length of time. You need a solid attention span to help you concentrate and focus. Consciously tell yourself, to pace, dont race through the articles.

When the news is dismal, it can lead you to feel hopeless and down. Hang positive mantras, sayings and slogans in your workspace or around your home. These words help to keep your mind pointed in a positive direction.

We cant control what is going to happen in the future, Dr. Albers says. But you can control what is happening right now. Ask yourself what is going to help you to feel better in this moment.

Be honest with yourself about whats at the root of your scrolling. Are you looking for reassurance? Guidance? Confirming your fears? If you are feeling lonely, a more lasting and healing intervention would be to connect with someone.

While technology is part of the problem with doomscrolling, it can still be part of the solution thanks to a variety of wellness apps that are currently available. Set time limits on apps or set alarms on your phone to set boundaries on the time you spend on social media sites, Dr. Albers suggests.

Unfollow negative new sources or those that tend to make you anxious, she says, and limit the number of sources you consult. Put a cap on the number of sites you consult in one sitting or per day.

Sometimes looking at the news can be a positive and give you perspective. Your own problems seem more manageable or not as difficult compared to some of the things you are reading about in the news, Dr. Albers says. If you find yourself sinking into doomscrolling, ask yourself for the nugget of gold from this behavior. What does it tell you to be grateful for or appreciate in your life?

Unhook yourself from your screen by mindful movement. Exercise and deep breaths help to reconnect you with your body and gives your mind a rest while exercising your muscles. Exercise has also been shown to help pump up your serotonin level, that feel-good neurotransmitter in your brain.

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Everything You Need to Know About Doomscrolling and How to Avoid It - Health Essentials from Cleveland Clinic

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GRABILL, Ind. (WANE) Infertility is an issue millions of couples face across the United States. It can be caused by a man or a woman.

A Grabill couple shared their journey to being parents, as the husband suffers from infertility.

Although not talked about often, according to the Cleveland Clinic, 10% of all men in the United States attempting to conceive suffer from infertility.

You never, ever dream of the guy, or in my mind, I never thought Id have an issue being able to have kids. You know, I was crushed at first. Because I could see my wife, and not being able to give her the thing she really wanted, said Craig Nickols.

Craig said he had moments where he felt embarrassed about being infertile. However, those feelings have subsided.

The Nickols didnt know if being surrounded by their children on the couch of their home would ever be a possibility. Craig and Kristin married in 2010, and shortly after wanted to start a family.

The couple says they always had desires to adopt. Craigs infertility led them down the path to adopting Xavier in 2015. The couple fed him in the hospital, and took him home from there.

A few years later, the five year old is in kindergarten learning how to spell. But before then, Kristin and Craig wanted him to become a big brother.

We wanted him to have a sibling. And what does that look like? And how are we going to do that? And so we started kind of going down the road of embryo adoption, said Kristin.

The Nickols enlisted help from the National Embryo Donation Center in Knoxville, Tennessee.The center stores remaining embryos from couples that went through in vitro fertilization.Couples can then adopt the remaining embryos.

My wife wanted to be able to experience pregnancy. We thought this would be an incredible option for us, said Craig.

Yeah, its basically carrying your adopted baby. So, that was kind of interesting to us. We didnt know what that looked like, or how it worked, or anything like that at first, explained Kristin.

The Nickols selected embryos and received the transfer. The first transfer ended in a miscarriage. The couple tried again, becoming pregnant with twins. However, by the 9-week ultrasound both of their hearts stopped beating.

With support from their friends and family and receiving a grant to continue their journey, the Nickols became pregnant with Stella in the fall of 2019.

Stellas embryo was frozen for 6 years prior to the transfer.

Along the way there was just the lord showing us, Keep going. And you know, Im so glad we didnt give up, because she wouldnt be here now. Is that right, said Kristin.

Kristin and Craig took photos of the newborn surrounded by hormone treatments and medication to make it possible. Stella arrived early, but shes now a chatty 4 month old.

To learn more about infertility in the United States, click here.

To learn more about the National Embryo Donation Center, click here.

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Grabill couple struggles with infertility, adopts infant and embryo - WANE

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Coleen Kivlahan, a physician and head of primary care at the University of California-San Francisco (UCSF), has had symptoms of Covid-19 since she tested positive for the novel coronavirus in Marcha difficult experience with one upside: Kivlahan says being a Covid-19 "long-hauler," and a patient at UCSF, helps her provide better care to patients with the virus, Sumathi Reddy reports for the Wall Street Journal.

Covid-19 guidance from clinicians at the forefront

According to Reddy, Kivlahan is one of the roughly 15% of "long-haul" Covid-19 patients, or patients who still experience symptoms of Covid-19 months after they initially were diagnosed with the new coronavirus, which causes the disease. These symptoms often include lingering chest pain, fatigue, and neurological issues.

Kivlahan fell ill, and was diagnosed with, Covid-19 in March. Her first coronavirus test came back negative, but when she later went to the ED with a cough, fever, shortness of breath, and night sweats, she received another test that came back positive. Tests also revealed that Kivlahan had developed "diffuse bronchitis," as well as another uncommon respiratory virus.

Kivlahan said that, after her visit to the ED, her cough got worse and she experienced chest and stomach pains from the persistent coughing. Kivlahan said, at times, she was so weak that she had to sit down in the shower.

"I was short of breath just sitting there," Kivlahan told Reddy. "I had to lay down with my head down off the bed just to breathe."

Kivlahan went to the ED again, and her chest pain was so bad that "she got an EKG to rule out a heart attack," Reddy reports. But by March 21, Kivlahan began feeling better.

The improvement was short-lived, however. A few days later, Kivlahan's cough returned and she again began experiencing chills, shortness of breath, and chest pain. She went to the respiratory screening clinic at UCSF the next day, and she tested positive for the coronavirus yet again. A couple of days later, Kivlahan said she couldn't smell mint or taste hot chocolate, Reddy reports.

Kivlahan was concerned her symptoms might send her to the hospitalor even lead to her death. She made an advance directive for end-of-life care and "packed a bag several times to go to the hospital," Kivlahan told Reddy, though she ultimately would "decid[e]" that she could "make it one more night at home," Kivlahan said.

Kivlahan still experienced symptoms of Covid-19 through April, and there were some evenings when she "could not take a full breath," she told Reddy. "[T]he pressure in my chest was so intense I had to lie very still in bed to avoid breathing deeply."

Kivlahan tested positive for the coronavirus again in April. "It was a big emotional backslide," she said. "It was really the first time I felt like 'This is a virus we don't understand.'"

Kivlahan said she ultimately tested positive for the coronavirus a total of nine times from March until June 11, when she received her first negative coronavirus test since she had initially sought ED care. At that point, her symptoms were also subsiding. "I celebrated by taking a walk outside with a mask on," she said.

Now, Kivlahan's heart and lung function are almost normal and her energy level is about "90%" of what it normally is, she told Reddy. However, Kivlahan said she still experiences some lingering symptoms of Covid-19. According to Reddy, Kivlahan said her senses of smell and taste haven't yet returned, and she still has a mild cough. Kivlahan also said that, every now and then, she can smell and taste fire that isn't therea disorder known as phantosmia, which can be triggered by upper respiratory infections. "I have to look outside to see if Northern California is on fire," she said. "It is very real."

Despite her symptoms, Kivlahan has been seeing patients virtually since March, and she now plans to resume seeing patients in-person at UCSF this month.

Kivlahan said she treats up to 20 Covid-19 patients per day, and her own experience with the illness has helped her understand her patients' experiences on a more personal level. "Because this virus has so many unique ways of impacting the human body, my personal illness has allowed me to reassure and direct care in a special way," Kivlahan told Reddy.

For instance, Kivlahan better understands the psychological toll Covid-19 can have on patientsespecially on long-haul patients who can experience symptoms of the illness for months. Kivlahan told Reddy that the three-months period during which she tested positive for the coronavirus were psychologically taxing. "I spent months not being able to hug my kids," she said. "All that emotion and anxiety absolutely affects our organ systems and increases the stress hormone cortisol. Those things are hard to tease out from the virus effect itself."

Kivlahan said her patients often express concern that she won't understand the physical and psychological hardship of Covid-19 and that doctors might not know how to empathize with patients who have been sick for months. But to reassure them, "[w]hen it's appropriate clinically, I tell them my story," Kivlahan said. "It causes tremendous relief. People begin to believe there's hope."

Kivlahan also is a patient, herself, at the post-Covid-19 multidisciplinary clinic at UCSF, and she's currently participating in a Covid-19 study being conducted at the hospital. Kivlahan said she hopes to help other clinicians better understand the impact of Covid-19 on long-haul patients.

"These are patients who weren't in the ICU, weren't on a vent, didn't die. But they have ongoing symptoms that are just scary and unknown," Kivlahan said. "We can learn a great deal about the virus by understanding those lasting symptoms" (Reddy, Wall Street Journal, 8/10).

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What it's like to be a Covid-19 'long-hauler'and a doctor - The Daily Briefing

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Women with Alzheimers disease tend to live longer than men with the disease and a new study suggests that a gene on the X chromosome may help explain why.

Each person typically has one pair of sex chromosomes in each cell of their body. People assigned female at birth typically have two X chromosomes, while people assigned male at birth typically have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.

Researchers say a gene called KDM6A may explain why women with Alzheimers disease tend to live longer than men with the same condition.

The gene is only found on X chromosomes. It tells the body how to produce the KDM6A protein, which is known to play a role in cognition.

In a study published last week in the journal Science Translational Medicine, researchers investigated the effects of the KDM6A gene in humans and mice.

They found evidence that KDM6A protein helps slow cognitive decline and improve survival in those with Alzheimers disease.

The gene KDM6A was found to have protective effects on the brain. Thus, the more doses of the gene i.e., XX vs. XY the better resilience, Michelle M. Mielke, PhD, director of the Specialized Center of Research Excellence on Sex Differences at Mayo Clinic College of Medicine in Rochester, Minnesota, told Healthline. She wasnt involved in the study.

A next step in this research will be to identify other genes on the X or Y chromosomes that are beneficial or detrimental to the brain, Mielke added. This will help experts develop a better understanding of some of the pathways that can protect the brain and therefore be potential drug targets.

Compared with men, women are more likely to develop Alzheimers disease. Women account for nearly two-thirds of Americans affected by it.

On the other hand, Alzheimers disease tends to progress more quickly in men. They tend to experience more rapid cognitive decline and die sooner.

Past studies have found that sex-related differences in hormones, immune function, and energy metabolism may help account for these gaps.

The new study on KDM6A adds another piece to the puzzle, highlighting the role that non-hormone-related genes on sex chromosomes may play.

The Alzheimers Association held a think tank in 2015 to explore the biology that may contribute to sex differences in Alzheimers disease, Heather M. Snyder, PhD, the Alzheimers Associations vice president of medical and scientific engagement, told Healthline.

One of the outstanding questions from that think tank was that we did not yet have the tools to fully evaluate the impact of the X or Y chromosome.

She added that the new study is helping to start to address some important scientific questions by using emerging technologies to look at the complexity of the X chromosome.

To assess the potential role of X chromosomes in Alzheimers disease, the authors of the new study conducted a series of experiments in a mouse model of the disease.

They found that male mice with Alzheimers disease demonstrated greater cognitive impairments and died more quickly than female mice.

When they genetically engineered male mice with Alzheimers disease to have two X chromosomes, those mice performed better on cognitive tests and lived longer than male mice with one X chromosome.

Conversely, female mice that were engineered to have only one X chromosome showed more cognitive impairment and died more quickly than those with two X chromosomes.

The authors show that the addition of an X leads to brain resilience, Mielke explained. Notably, it is not that the Y gene is necessarily detrimental, just that having two X chromosomes, indicative of females, offers more brain protection.

The authors of the new study suspected the KDM6A gene may help account for the differences observed in mice with one versus two X chromosomes.

When mice have two X chromosomes, most of the genes on the second X chromosome are inactivated. But KDM6A is one of a small group of genes that remains active on both chromosomes.

After reviewing a public dataset of gene expression studies, the researchers found that about 14 percent of people carry a particularly active variant of the KDM6A gene.

This variant of the gene wasnt associated with lower risk of developing Alzheimers disease, but it was linked to slower cognitive decline in people who have the disease.

When the researchers engineered male mice with Alzheimers disease to produce more KDM6A protein than usual, they found the mice performed much better than average on cognitive tests.

The findings of this study may help experts understand why symptoms of Alzheimers disease develop more quickly in some people than in others.

As we understand more about Alzheimers pathology, we know that some patients with significant pathology may not develop any clinical symptoms and protection from genes such as KDM6A may offer clues as to why, said Dr. Gayatri Devi, a neurologist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City and author of The Spectrum of Hope: An Optimistic and New Approach to Alzheimers Disease and Other Dementias.

In turn, identifying protective genes and other biological factors that shape the progression of the disease may help researchers develop more effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.

Understanding the biological differences of Alzheimers between the sexes would potentially be a huge benefit to the field in researching and developing more specific diagnostic tools, therapies, and preventions, said Snyder.

See more here:
This Gene May Be Why Women with Alzheimer's Disease Live Longer Than Men - Healthline

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August 31, 2020 2:45 PM

Posted: August 31, 2020 2:45 PM

Updated: September 3, 2020 5:52 PM

DEAR MAYO CLINIC: Diabetes runs in my family. My mother was diagnosed in her 20s and requires daily insulin. Last month, my 45-year-old sister was diagnosed and is now on medication. My doctor told me I was a pre-diabetic. I am curious how I might be able to reduce my risk for diabetes, especially since Ive heard that diabetics are at greater risk of COVID-19. Are there extra steps my sister and I should take to stay safe?

ANSWER: Diabetes is a chronic health condition that occurs when the level of sugar in the blood is too high. That happens because of a problem with the hormone insulin, which is made in the pancreas. When you eat, the pancreas releases insulin into the bloodstream. This allows sugar to enter your cells, lowering the amount of sugar in your blood.

There are several forms of diabetes, including Type 1, which is an autoimmune disorder, and Type 2, which results from both loss of insulin production and development of insulin resistance in body tissues. Gestational diabetes is another form that may occur during pregnancy.

Patients with Type 1 diabetes are completely insulin-deficient and require daily insulin injections. Given her age of onset and insulin requirement, your mother likely has Type 1 diabetes. Despite ongoing research, Type 1 diabetes currently has no cure. Treatment focuses on managing blood sugar levels with insulin as well as diet and lifestyle to prevent complications.

Type 2 diabetes develops when the pancreas does not make enough insulin, and the body cant use insulin as well as it should. That means sugar cannot move into the cells, and it builds up in the blood. Exactly what causes Type 2 diabetes is unknown, although genetics and environmental factors, such as being overweight and inactivity, seem to be contributing factors. Your sister most likely has Type 2 diabetes.

Although theres no cure for Type 2 diabetes, studies show it is possible for some people to reverse the condition. For many patients, losing weight, eating well and exercising can help manage the disease. If lifestyle changes are not enough, some people, like your sister, may be prescribed any number of oral medications or even insulin to help them manage their disease.

Prediabetes is a condition in which blood sugar is higher than normal, but its not high enough to be considered Type 2 diabetes. If left uncontrolled, prediabetic patients are at high risk to develop Type 2 diabetes.

The good news is that often lifestyle changes alone, such as diet and exercise, can lower your blood sugar level and decrease your risk of developing diabetes.

In general, no matter what type of diabetes a person has, monitoring and managing blood sugar are the most important things to minimize risk for complications. It can be harder to control blood glucose levels during an illness or infection.

COVID-19 is no exception.

It is important to remember that diabetic patients are not at higher risk of COVID-19 infection. Rather, people with diabetes are experiencing more severe symptoms, particularly those people whose glucose control is not optimal. Among patients who are hospitalized due to COVID-19, a higher proportion has diabetes.

Although it is not yet understood why, COVID-19 seems to affect patients with Type 1 diabetes differently than those with Type 2 diabetes. Although more research is needed, it is believed that Type 2 diabetics are having more complications due to coexisting conditions they often have, including obesity, heart disease and kidney disease.

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, you should encourage your family to be vigilant about managing their diabetes and maintaining good blood glucose control. Also, encourage your mother and sister not to postpone visits with their endocrinologist or health care provider due to COVID-19. It is important to have regular check-ins so issues can be addressed promptly.

For yourself, commit to move more, improve your diet and monitor your blood sugar.

Your family also should continue to practice good infection control, including proper hand hygiene, wearing a mask when out in public and social distancing. Lastly, stay up-to-date on any recommended vaccines to minimize your risk for illness. Bithika Thompson, M.D., Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona

(Mayo Clinic Q & A is an educational resource and doesnt replace regular medical care. E-mail a question to MayoClinicQ&A@mayo.edu. For more information, visit http://www.mayoclinic.org.)

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How to deal with diabetes and COVID-19 risk - KXLY Spokane

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We continue to zero in on fixing the broken menopause healthcare system that leaves women in the dark on how best to manage their symptoms, said Jill Angelo, co-founder and CEO at Gennev.

SEATTLE (PRWEB) September 03, 2020

To support 38 million women juggling menopause symptoms, Gennev (http://www.gennev.com) today announced three new menopause systems to support the daily lives of women over the age of 40. The new menopause systems include the CBD Sleep System, AM/PM Daily Menopause Pack, and Menopause Dryness Care, which can be purchased in 30-day supplies individually or as a monthly subscription. Each menopause system is designed to help women personalize their care based on their unique symptoms.

We continue to zero in on fixing the broken menopause healthcare system that leaves women in the dark on how best to manage their symptoms, said Jill Angelo, co-founder and CEO at Gennev. By covering her needs from the moment she needs a doctor, to a health coach, to supporting her daily routine with specific formulations created by and for women, we give women a trusted and reliable approach based on science to live their best life.

According to Gennevs 2019 Menopause Zeitgeist with results from more than 6,000 women, fatigue, mood changes, and sleep disturbances lead the list of challenges with alarming impact on quality of life for menopausal women. By introducing flexible, symptom-specific menopause systems that are easily integrated into the daily lives of women over the age of 40, Gennev takes the guess-work out of sourcing home-health products that arent backed by evidence-based, practitioner-proven practices.

Gennevs New Menopause Daily Living Systems (Read the blog post here)*Gennev Sleep System: Designed to offer an easy-to-follow regimen for women struggling to fall asleep and stay asleep. In the Sleep System, you get Gennevs Sleep CBD Tincture + Mint which offers premium, broad-spectrum cannabidiol (CBD), 30+ terpenes, flavonoids, antioxidants and omega acids precisely formulated for a peaceful sleep. You also get pharma-grade Gennev Magnesium Glycinate to support a sound sleep with the added bonus of relieving joint pain and irritating PMS cramps. Gennev also includes access to its 30-Day Sleep Challenge for free. Pricing is $56.95 for a 30-day supply; those who subscribe monthly get a 20 percent savings.

*Gennev AM/PM Daily Menopause Pack: Offers a no-fuss AM/PM menopause regimen that's formulated to naturally tame and prevent symptoms. In the AM/PM Daily Menopause Pack, you get Vitality, the definitive premium multivitamin for women 40+, in the morning, and Gennevs Sleep CBD + Melatonin Softgels paired with Magnesium at night. During the day, pharmaceutical-grade nutrients in Gennevs Vitality will help women feel more energetic and in a better mood, while their bones, hair and nails benefit from the inside out. And at night, Gennevs Sleep CBD + Melatonin Softgels helps women fall asleep faster and stay asleep until they wake in the morning. Gennev also includes access to its 30-Day Vitality Challenge for free. Pricing is $89.95 for a 30-day supply; those who subscribe monthly get a 20 percent savings.

*Gennev Menopause Dryness Care: Offers long-lasting moisture to help soothe vaginal dryness with Gennevs personal care menopause moisture care system formulated by OB/GYNs and naturopathic doctors. This pack includes Gennevs Ultra-Gentle Body Wash to gently cleanse and balance the pH of a womans intimate area. In addition, the pack includes Gennevs Intimate Moisture which feels and functions like a woman's own moisture to relieve feminine dryness instantly, enhance intimacy, and help with painful sex. The aloe-infused Cleansing Cloths are a fabulous way to freshen up on-the-go. Perfect for intimacy or daily use. Pricing is $34.95 for a 30-day supply; those who subscribe monthly will save 20 percent.

Gennev takes a unique approach to managing menopause with solutions created by experts, therapeutic dosages, and a supportive community, said Dr. Wendy Ellis, a Naturopathic Physician who serves as functional medicine specialist and hormone disorder expert for Gennev. These systems re-imagine the way women manage menopause in a highly personalized way with easy-to-follow regimens that bring relief and improve quality of life.

Over the past 12 months, over 1 million women have benefited from Gennevs line of supplements, lubricants, telehealth services, and community for menopause. The company aims to serve 2 million women in 2020 with a modern approach to menopause that includes telehealth services specializing in gynecology, primary care and lifestyle behaviors as well as natural, quality sourced wellness products and supplements that support sleep, mood, energy, stress response, immune health, joint pain, inflammation, sexual wellness and vaginal health.

About GennevGennev is the first-of-its-kind online clinic for women in menopause. The company's mission is to empower every woman to take control of her health in the second half of life. Founded by former Microsoft executive Jill Angelo and former Neutrogena executive Jacqui Brandwynne, Gennev provides telemedicine with menopause-certified OB/GYNs, on-demand telehealth coaching with registered dietitians, plus health and wellness products, community, and free education. Thousands of women globally have completed the Gennev Menopause Assessment to understand where they are in the journey and receive recommended health and wellness solutions. For more information, visit https://gennev.com.

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Gennev Creates New Menopause Systems to Help Women 40+ with Sleep, Energy, Mood, and Sexual Wellness - PR Web

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Katie, who has PCOS, now has two kids (Picture: PA Real Life)

Office manager Katie Newman was 21 when she was diagnosed with the hormonal condition polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which can cause problems with fertility.

Katie was told that at a size 22 and weighing 18 stone 7lb, she would need to lose weight to become pregnant.

After three years of yo-yo dieting Katie, now 31, booked 5,000 gastric band surgery, which saw her shed eight stone.

Since then, Katie has had two daughters, Hollie, two, and Lucy, two months, with her electrician husband, Anthony, 32.

Katie, from Southampton, said: Without a doubt the gastric band enabled me to have children. If I hadnt had it done I might not have my girls.

With the PCOS and my weight combined it would have been next to impossible to conceive.

It was the best 5,000 Ive ever spent.

Katie experienced irregular periods, which led her to see a doctor in 2010.

With a body mass index (BMI) higher than the NHS recommended range of 18.5 to 24.9, Katie was classed as extremely obese.

Blood tests revealed she had PCOS, which stops the ovaries from regularly releasing eggs.

Doctors warned Katie that her weight would make it very difficult for her to conceive naturally and she was also told she would be unlikely to qualify for NHS fertility treatment unless she lost weight.

After being diagnosed with PCOS, Katie who was already seeing Anthony was told that losing just 5% of her body weight could improve her symptoms.

Katie said: Doctors said PCOS couldnt be cured, but that if I lost weight it could really improve my chances of falling pregnant.

I tried all the usual diets but nothing worked.

Booking a consultation at a private clinic in 2014, Katie decided to put 5,000 from her savings to have a gastric band operation.

Discharged the next day, Katie noticed a difference immediately.

Katie, who now eats three well-balanced meals a day containing around 1,000 calories, saw her weight slowly and steadily reduce.

By the time she walked down the aisle, Katie was down to her desired size.

She said: I cut out anything remotely bad for me and was also seeing a personal trainer four times a week, I was so determined to look amazing.

I never dreamed Id be able to wear a strapless dress but I felt like a real princess.

My hubby was certainly shocked by my transformation, but I think it was my commitment that really blew him away.

He always says hell love me no matter what size I am.

Ive also noticed a huge difference in my confidence. Ive always been the life and soul of the party, but it was a bit of an act before and now I dont have to pretend.

In mid-2017, a check-up at the doctors revealed that Katies hormone levels had regulated and less than a year after tying the knot, she discovered she was pregnant.

I was on my lunch break, suffering with really bad period cramps and thought Id give a test a go, said Katie.

I was so shocked when it came back positive that I told my best friend at work before Ant!

It was a few weeks before Christmas, so I unwrapped one of his pressies and put the positive test in there.

We were laughing with shock all day he didnt even notice any of his other presents.

The couple celebrated Hollies arrival in August 2018 and a year later, Katie fell pregnant again.

She added: That was definitely a surprise, albeit a welcome one.

Id been on a massive bender and was convinced I had a four-day hangover, but then the penny dropped and on June 22 this year, I gave birth to Lucy.

Katie says she still has some baby weight left but isnt obsessing over it and is just enjoying motherhood.

Do you have a story you want to share?

Email metrolifestyleteam@metro.co.uk to tell us more.

MORE: Most of us struggled with weight gain in lockdown, says study

MORE: When doctors told me to lose weight I almost died

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Size 22 woman told she was too fat to conceive now has two kids - Metro.co.uk

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The global report of Osteoporosis Treatment Industry explores the company profiles, product applications, types and segments, capacity, production value, and market shares for each and every company. The Report Monitors 2020 to 2026 Market Development Trends Of All Osteoporosis Treatment Market Report And Analysis Of Demand, Consumption-Production And Market Trends.

Click Here to Get Latest Sample PDF Copy of updated research 2020 for Free https://www.marketinsightsreports.com/reports/06232104799/covid-19-impact-on-global-osteoporosis-treatment-market-size-status-and-forecast-2020-2026/inquiry?Source=BI&Mode=72

Top Companies in the Global Osteoporosis Treatment Market areAllergan Plc, Amgen, Inc., Actavis Plc., Eli Lilly and Company, F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd., GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceutical Ltd., Merck & Co AG, Novartis AG, Novo Nordisk A/S, Pfizer, Inc., Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd. and Others.

This report segments the market on the basis ofTypesare

Bisphosphonates

Parathyroid Hormone Therapy

Calcitonin

Selective Estrogen Inhibitors Modulator (SERM)

On The basis Of Applications, the market is segmented into are

Hospitals

Clinic

Others

(Exclusive Offer: Flat 20% Discount on this report)The browse Full report description and TOChttps://www.marketinsightsreports.com/reports/06232104799/covid-19-impact-on-global-osteoporosis-treatment-market-size-status-and-forecast-2020-2026?Source=BI&Mode=72

Regions covered By Osteoporosis Treatment Market Report 2020 To 2026 areNorth America (The United States, Canada, and Mexico), Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Others), Europe (Germany, France, UK, Italy, Russia, and Rest of Europe), Central & South America (Brazil, and Rest of South America), and Middle East & Africa (GCC Countries, Turkey, Egypt, South Africa, and Other).

Impact of the Osteoporosis Treatment market report is

Comprehensive evaluation of all opportunities and risks in the market.

Osteoporosis Treatment market ongoing developments and significant occasions.

Detailed study of business techniques for development of the market-driving players.

Conclusive study about the improvement plot of market for approaching years.

Top to bottom appreciation of market-express drivers, targets and major littler scale markets.

Favorable impression inside imperative mechanical and publicize latest examples striking the market.

Contact UsIrfan Tamboli (Sales Manager) Market Insights ReportsPhone: + 1704 266 3234 | +91-750-707-8687[emailprotected] | [emailprotected]

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Osteoporosis Treatment Market Competitive Research And Precise Outlook 2020 To 2026 - Bulletin Line

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