Global Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Market: Trends Estimates High Demand by 2026

Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Market report 2020, discusses various factors driving or restraining the market, which will help the future market to grow with promising CAGR. The Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Market research Reports offers an extensive collection of reports on different markets covering crucial details. The report studies the competitive environment of the Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Market is based on company profiles and their efforts on increasing product value and production.

The Global Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing market 2020 research provides a basic overview of the industry including definitions, classifications, applications and industry chain structure. The Global Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing market report is provided for the international markets as well as development trends, competitive landscape analysis, and key regions development status. Development policies and plans are discussed as well as manufacturing processes and cost structures are also analysed. This report additionally states import/export consumption, supply and demand Figures, cost, price, revenue and gross margins.

The final report will add the analysis of the Impact of Covid-19 in this report Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing industry.

Key players in global Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing market include: Berry Genomics, Natera, Biorad, Illumina, BGI, Trivitron Healthcare, Sequenom, Laboratory Corporation of America, Ariosa Diagnostics, Qiagen, and Verinata health.

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Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Market: Region-wise Outlook

Depending on the geographic region, Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing market is divided into seven key regions: North America, Eastern Europe, Latin America, Western Europe, Japan, Asia-Pacific, and the Middle East & Africa. North America dominates the Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing market followed by Europe, and Japan owing to high internet penetration, the establishment of key players in the field of the internet such as Google, and Facebook. Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Africa hold huge potential and shows substantial growth in terms of expanding the use of electronic devices, rising innovative technologies, consumer awareness, and expanding telecommunication sector are some of the factors which strengthen the growth of Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing market throughout the forecast period.

Questions answered in the report with respect to the regional expanse of the Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing market:

The scope of the Report:

The report segments the global Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing market on the basis of application, type, service, technology, and region. Each chapter under this segmentation allows readers to grasp the nitty-gritties of the market. A magnified look at the segment-based analysis is aimed at giving the readers a closer look at the opportunities and threats in the market. It also address political scenarios that are expected to impact the market in both small and big ways.The report on the global Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing market examines changing regulatory scenario to make accurate projections about potential investments. It also evaluates the risk for new entrants and the intensity of the competitive rivalry.

Reasons to read this Report:

TABLE OF CONTENT:

Chapter 1:Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Market Overview

Chapter 2: Global Economic Impact on Industry

Chapter 3:Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Market Competition by Manufacturers

Chapter 4: Global Production, Revenue (Value) by Region

Chapter 5: Global Supply (Production), Consumption, Export, Import by Regions

Chapter 6: Global Production, Revenue (Value), Price Trend by Type

Chapter 7: Global Market Analysis by Application

Chapter 8: Manufacturing Cost Analysis

Chapter 9: Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers

Chapter 10: Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders

Chapter 11: Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Market Effect Factors Analysis

Chapter 12: GlobalPrenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Market Forecast to 2026

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Prenatal and Newborn Genetic Testing Market 2020 2026: Company Profiles, COVID 19 Outbreak, Global Trends, Profit Growth, Industry Segments,...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

MORGANTOWN, W.Va. While men are not more likely to contract COVID-19 than women, once infected, they are more likely to suffer from severe complications or die from it.

This is according to Jennifer Franko, a teaching assistant professor in the West Virginia University School of Medicine, who studies sex differences in immune responses. Franko said there are many factors that contribute to this disparity and one of them is simply that in general, men tend to be more susceptible to infection than women.

While this difference may or may not be specific to coronaviruses, similar trends were seen in previous coronavirus outbreaks, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012, Franko said in a WVU press release. In both of these instances, higher mortality rates were reported in males versus females. Its the same situation that were seeing now with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).

Franko said a less robust immune response in males may result in slower viral clearance and poorer outcomes when dealing with COVID-19. Some of these differences between men and women, she said, could be a result of the hormonal or genetic factor.

As an example, Franko said in the release, in females, estrogen and progesterone are typically thought to stimulate the immune system and may provide a higher level of protection against infection. Whereas, in males, testosterone may suppress such a response.

From a genetics standpoint, many immune-related genes are encoded on the X chromosome. Females have two copies of the X chromosome. Males have only one. In order to balance the dosage of X-linked genes between males and females, one female X chromosome is typically inactivated. Interestingly, we are now beginning to realize that not all of those X-chromosome-linked genes are inactive all the time. In some instances, these genes escape inactivation, resulting in a double dosage effect and higher levels of gene expression in females. If these are immune-related genes, they may correlate with stronger immune responses. This may be an additional reason why females respond to infection with more robust responses.

And Another factor that could account for the disparity, Franko said, is that males may have more underlying conditions that may amplify their risk of severe complications and death. Underlying factors like hypertension or heart disease can lead to worse outcomes when COVID-19 is factored in.

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WVU expert discusses why COVID-19 kills more men than women - WVNS-TV

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

On 23 March, the night lockdown was announced, Catherine St Germans was on a Zoom call with farmers, policymakers and activists. There was a sense of foreboding, as they became aware that lockdown would have a catastrophic effect on UK farms.

Using nothing more complicated than Google Sheets and WhatsApp, St Germans and a team of volunteers created Farms To Feed Us, a document listing farms by postcode and what they sold. The file could be easily shared, or signed up to by those who had food to sell. The database launched on 25 March, within an hour or so it was on the Guardians Covid live blog, and engagement was immediate.

The response was really revealing as to the state of where we think our food comes from, says St Germans, who also co-founded the Port Eliot festival. Many didnt know where their nearest farm was. Farmers helped each other out, including neighbours surplus produce into their deliveries. People started to use the database not only for themselves, but to shop for shielding relatives. One of the things that most surprised me is how many people thought farming was mundane, only done on a large scale, or just done by men.

Thats changing with momentum building over the previous decade. According to the Office of National Statistics, in 2018 about 17% of farmers were women, up from 7% in 2007-2008. In higher education courses, women agricultural students now outnumber men almost two to one, making up 64% of the 2017-2018 graduates.

Mary Quicke runs the cheesemaking and farming of Quickes in Devon, the 14th generation to do so. Shes thrilled to see more women enter the industry. When I first came into farming, around 1982, I went to the Oxford farming conference and there were several thousand people there and there were three women, she remembers. At one of those early conferences, I remember someone saying Oh your father must be so disappointed that none of your brothers are interested in running the farm.

It hadnt occurred to her that shed be seen as a second-choice. I did have to overcome peoples sense that it belittled them to be told what to do by a woman. I had to cajole people, bring them round, but thinking about how you serve the people you work with is sensible anyway.

With leaders such as president of the National Farmers Union Minette Batters (farming folk think shes fabulous), Quicke thinks there are sufficient models to make the industry more receptive to diversity. That being said, she believes many multigenerational family farms remain pretty traditional. For the last five years, Quicke has been the chair of the Devon County Agriculture Association. Theres a sense that its not unremarkable, she says thoughtfully, adding that agricultural shows such as theirs are part of the wider community. When I think of my lifes purpose, its that all people be inspired by a connection to food and farming 90,000 people come to the Devon County Show.

She and St Germans both hope that, with the recent disruptions to food and supply, the interest in how consumers get their food is harnessed into more direct engagement with farms across the country. Two months into lockdown, three million people bought veg boxes or direct from farms for the very first time, St Germans says. We want that momentum to continue.

Our challenge now is how we farm for the future in a way that supports our species being here, Quicke says. Were stewards of our land and must produce and make food choices in a way that creates the kind of planet we want to live on. HO

Sinead FentonGrows vegetables and edible flowers at Aweside Farm, East Sussex

Sinead Fenton is on an early lunch break, hiding from the sun. Its ridiculously intense, so I think were going to call it a day and crack back on in the evening, she says. Fenton and her partner, Adam Smith, have been putting in beds and getting ahead on groundwork for next year. This year, there will be no commercial crops on the couples 4.5-acre plot.

They signed the papers on their farm last November and moved onto the land in March. Around the time they needed to make decisions about how theyd manage their first harvest, lockdown happened. With restaurants and florists their main clients out of action for the foreseeable future, they made the decision not to sow seeds but concentrate on opening up the land. We were going to do it over three or four years, so were squeezing three years of work into this year, so we can focus on growing next year, Fenton says.

She and Smith cut their scythes at Audacious Veg, a 0.1-acre plot in Hainault, at the end of the Central Line between Essex and London. Shortly after volunteering at the allotment in 2017, they heard the project was about to finish: Naively, with about three weeks worth of growing experience, we decided that wed take it on and get the produce to chefs.

Smith worked in insurance accounting and while Fenton most recently worked in software and food policy, her background was in geology. I came at farming from an activist point of view, she says. I was always fascinated by getting things out of the ground, but that is a destructive industry. Farming is nicer because I can do something for the system instead of taking everything from it.

There was a lot of insecurity around the project. Land is contentious, especially in London, and land law is difficult and expensive to negotiate for those with no farming background. Adam and I are both from cities Im from London, hes from Essex. Were from low-income families, and we had no access to farms growing up, Fenton explains. Its basically impossible to get on the land, because its so expensive, or passed down through generations.

They got the land for Aweside through the Ecological Land Co-op, which buys fields designated by Defra as only being good for arable crops, then splits them up to create smallholdings. Aweside is neighbours with a veg-box scheme, and waiting for others wholl transform what once was a 20-acre maize field into a cluster of small farms rich with biodiversity. Now Fenton and Smith have a 150-year lease, and no worries that what they create will be taken away.

Its not yet a permanent home. Fenton says theyll be living in a caravan for a few years: Another part of land law in the UK that makes land inaccessible is that if you want to live on your land you have to go through five years of proving your business is profitable, viable and that there is a functional need for you to live there. Having livestock is an easy way to pass the test, but because Aweside is a vegan farm, Fenton and Smith need to cultivate and show they use every bit of plot.

Its daunting but Fenton is excited about having a blank slate to work with. Theres so much more to food than what supermarkets tell us to eat, she says, explaining that theyll grow varieties at risk of extinction, or that arent commonly grown in a mass market food system. Seed diversity and plant genetics are serious issues.

The three principles the couple work to are: more flowers, more trees, thriving soil. Theyre working no-dig, putting compost directly on the ground and letting the soil life mix everything over time. Theyre pesticide-free and are counting on the fact that the more diversity they have in the system, especially with a high proportion of flowers to pollinators and insects, the fewer problems theyll face.

Socially, economically and environmentally, something needs to change. Things have been done the same way by the same people for a long time, says Fenton of the farming industrys need for greater diversity. I learned to grow on an allotment site where there are lots of different things growing at once. Bringing that approach into sites like this is needed the industry needs it to keep itself relevant. HO

Gala Bailey-BarkerShepherd at Plaw Hatch Farm, East Grinstead, Sussex

Gala Bailey-Barker was out with her flock of 80 Lleyn and Romney sheep and her sheepdog, Pip, in the first week of April when she realised that she couldnt hear anything. Dual carriageways that would normally throb with commuter traffic from 5.30am were empty. The flights that land every two minutes at Gatwick Plaw Hatch is in the flight path had been quietened. It was so silent you could hear the birds, Bailey-Barker says. It was extraordinary.

The life of a shepherd during a global pandemic, it seems, is mostly the same, only much more peaceful than usual. I often work at Christmas and new year, she says, and it was like it was permanently Christmas Day. It was surreal. Bailey-Barker, 30, is a first-generation shepherd. She studied archaeology at university, before undertaking an apprenticeship at Plaw Hatch. Eight years on, she helps run the 200-acre community farm that skirts the edge of the Ashdown Forest.

Plaw Hatch is a biodynamic farm. We try to create a self-sustaining system, she says. We produce as much of the feed for the animals as we can. Biodynamic farming is regenerative: youre improving the soil and creating closed loops so youre not just taking from nature, but trying to keep the fertility in the system.

Covid-19 has been good for business: customers have been flocking to Plaw Hatch part of the Fibreshed movement, which connects fashion, textiles and farming in record numbers. Its been massively busy in the farm shop, says Bailey-Barker. As supermarkets ran out of essentials like bread and eggs during the early weeks of lockdown, consumers went to Plaw Hatch for their fresh produce. There was a lot of panic buying, says Bailey-Barker, which was difficult, because we are limited on stock. We had to keep saying to people: The chickens arent going to stop laying eggs because of Covid!

The best thing about her job, she says, is the variety: It changes so much. Youre trying to manage the ecosystem; close the loop. Every decision you make has so many variables. The worst thing? Trying to prevent blowfly strike, a disease resulting from the invasion of living tissue by blackbottle flies, in her flock of sheep. The maggots eat the sheep alive, Barker says. It is the most disgusting thing youve ever seen. Its like a horror film. That, and warding off potential dog attacks: in 2019, Bailey- Barker lost 15 pregnant ewes in a single dog attack.

As a woman in a male-dominated field, Bailey-Barker encounters her fair share of ignorance from the public. When shes out checking the flock with her partner, an architect, people often assume that hes the farmer. People say to me: You dont look like a farmer, she says. But what does a farmer look like? Were all individual people. Plaw Hatch is now predominantly operated by women 75% of its farmers are female and Bailey-Barker relishes the opportunity to act as a role model. I love to represent women, because I would have loved to see women farming as a child. It was never presented as a possible career at school.

Being out with her flock every day, she sees the climate emergency up close. Id love four weeks of rain right now, she says. Barker was pregnant with her daughter during the summer of 2018, when a heatwave led to droughts and wildfires across Europe. It was 28C, but it felt more like 45C, because I was pregnant, Barker says. Mitigating the impact of the climate crisis on the farm requires careful and thoughtful planning. You have to mitigate between the extremely dry, and the extremely wet, she says. Ive been looking at our soil a lot more to see if there is anything we can do to make it more resilient to those extremes.

It is a busy life, but a happy one. During lambing season in April, she starts work at 5am. The rest of the year, shes out with the flock by 7am. You are never not responsible for animals. Its not a nine-to-five. Ive been with my flock now for eight years. I have great granddaughters of the sheep I started out with. Its amazing to have that sort of relationship with animals. SK

Ruby RadwanHalal farmer at Willowbrook Farm, Oxfordshire

Since the lockdown eased weve got so popular on the weekends, says Ruby Radwan. Willowbrook Farm may be off the beaten track in a small hamlet in Oxfordshire, but it is directly opposite an ancient right of way, rediscovered by people escaping the house for a walk. Weve been here for 17 years, but now people are walking across a field to us and having tea. We have a chef in, were doing some simple French dishes and its working really well.

Radwan loves welcoming the new faces her time on Willowbrook hasnt always been so cheery. Rural life is notoriously tough and neither she nor her husband Lutfi, both originally Londoners, had a background in farming: she taught part-time, both at high school and in holistic therapies; he was a geography academic at Oxford. They wanted to live a more sustainable life but didnt have the resources to buy an established farm. Instead they found a piece of land, about 43 acres, 10 minutes drive from where they lived.

We had quite a positive view about being in the country with holistic people and lovely farmers but we were naive, or ignorant, of the reality, she says. They encountered hostility from some people because they werent from the area, as well as because of their religion. Also, trying to build on green-belt land brought its own set of problems, as did raising a young family. At first, they were only farming for themselves, but quickly landed a contract for eggs with the local Co-op. We were so busy; we lived in a caravan; we didnt have a tractor, just a little Ford Fiesta which did our egg deliveries and our children-to-school deliveries all in one run.

Not everything worked a rhubarb-lined path seemed like a creative idea, but once planted, they realised they hadnt considered irrigation so they had to plant a more standard vegetable garden, like normal people.

Sometimes we look back and think were so stupid, its unbelievable. You cant just cross it out when you make a mistake in growing something, you have to wait a whole season, Radwan explains. It took about seven or eight years before we realised we could do this more seriously and make a business of it.

They reinstated hedgerows, and planted around 5,000 deciduous native trees and 120 traditional slow-growing fruit trees, eventually added lambs and switched from laying birds to chickens for meat all free-range and high welfare. Lutfi gave up his job, and now their two elder sons also work on the farm, helped out part-time by their partners, as well as having two full-time employees.

Willowbrook is run according to Islamic principles to live in balance with the environment physical, social, political and economic and Radwan believes they may have been the first ethical and sustainable halal farm in the UK. They used to have certification from the Soil Association but decided to work outside that system, still maintaining high standards of sustainability, welfare and biodiversity. We let our customers in to see the farm and be our conscience, Radwan says. Theyre going to question us and that keeps us on our toes.

At first, most of their customers were Muslim, including people who had converted but were still eating with a non-Muslim family, so were looking for turkey, goose or steak: Things that Muslims werent traditionally buying, but they still wanted to make sure that good welfare and memory of God had been observed.

Increasingly, the Radwans sell to non-Muslim customers, but they dont supply to wholesale or restaurants only people they can have direct contact with: It means we get maximum profit and theres less waste.

New customers will find lamb and beef to buy, but not chicken, which has been much in demand since lockdown. We started to use the word enough, Radwan explains. While she admits it was tempting to build more chicken houses and get more birds, they werent willing to compromise on welfare, so have only increased their stock by 20 chickens a month. For regular customers theyve created a scheme that gives them two chickens every four weeks. Anything over goes to the farmers markets.

We have enough a roof over our heads, food in our tummies we dont need to go mad chasing money, Radwan says, then adds laughing that, despite having 1,400 birds running round, the family hasnt eaten chicken for more than two months. The customer comes first Im waiting for my roast. HO

Abi Aspen GlencrossHead of grains at Duchess Farms, Hertfordshire

It was, Abi Aspen Glencross was well aware, an odd, even inopportune time to launch a crowdfunding campaign. In June, with the country still locked down, Duchess Farms asked for support to buy dehulling, cleaning and milling equipment. The Hertfordshire farm needed about 16,000, and the money would go towards boosting the production of ancient and heritage grains for making flour.

A lot of crowdfunders have been for charity or please keep our restaurant open, says the 28-year-old Glencross, head of grains or senior flour nerd at Duchess Farms since 2019. We felt a bit bad, but we lost a lot of our business overnight when all the restaurants closed and we were like: God, we hope we dont go under. It was quite a scary time for everyone.

Still, if we have learned one thing from Covid-19, when times are hard, British people get baking. Perhaps inspired by countrywide shortages of flour, maybe invigorated by a new interest in left-field, older wheats such as einkorn and emmer, Duchess Farms sprinted to its target. Weve just done some ordering of equipment this morning, says Aspen, when we speak in July. Its been a tough time for everyone but it has cascaded into some beautiful things and were just so thankful.

Glencrosss path to farming was circuitous. She studied chemical engineering, but while her classmates were heading off for jobs at ExxonMobil and Procter & Gamble, she was more of a hippy at heart. She decided she wanted to learn more about soil and its role in food production. This led her to Blue Hill Stone Barns, Dan Barbers pioneering farm-to-table restaurant in the Hudson Valley, north of New York. She spent four months working on the farm and in the bakery, receiving a crash course in ancient grains an obsession of Barbers. But the moment Glencross knew she herself wanted to farm came in 2016 in a field in Hertfordshire. She was with John Cherry, who was showing her around Weston Park Farms, 2,500 acres of land he maintains with minimal fertiliser use and zero tillage.

We were walking around the fields of wheat and I just said: Where does all this go? Theres so much of it, Glencross says. And John goes: Oh probably for animal feed. Its a consistent market, theyll take it, its easy, even if we dont earn that much money from it. And I was like: This is crazy. And that was the beginning of me getting on this grain bender because I was like: Why cant we grow these grains organically and not feed them to animals? So I realised Id have to start a business, because there were not very many people doing that.

Heritage grains can be harder to produce in vast quantities einkorn, especially, is a bitch to harvest but they do have advantages over conventional wheats. They typically have deep roots and grow tall, which means they shade out weeds and do not require chemical sprays. The end product is more nutritious and then theres the taste. Since 2017, Glencross has run a roving supper club called the Sustainable Food Story with Sadhbh Moore, and Duchess Farms has worked closely with bakeries such as E5 Bakehouse in east London and Gails, and restaurants including Doug McMasters Silo. Heritage grains are delicious: when you stop growing for yield and you start growing for quality the flavour is insane, says Glencross.

Learning to farm from scratch has not been straightforward, but you sense thats a big part of the appeal for Glencross. Theres all these decisions the farmer makes throughout the year and why he sprays and why he doesnt, she says. You realise that most people get up, sit at a computer all day and if they press the wrong button, they just delete it. When youre a farmer, you plant at the wrong time of year and tomorrow it washes away your whole crop.

Glencross acknowledges that it is almost unprecedented for women to run arable farms. She struggles to name a single other example in the UK. She also notes wryly that men dominate all the farming conferences, saying: They have a wife but its always the men who have written the book and given the presentation.

With more role models, Glencross hopes things will change. Im not cool in any way, but Im a reasonably young lady, she says, laughing. And so when people say: What do you do? Oh, youre a farmer. Maybe I could do that So Im hoping that it might become seen as quite a desirable, almost cool career. A pause: Even if its very much not cool. TL

Original post:
Were stewards of our land: the rise of female farmers - The Guardian

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

A majority of couples, who want to conceive through lab procedure (In Vitro Fertilization), are more worried about time running out of their hands than the effect of coronavirus on their babies.

In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process in which an egg from a womans ovary is fertilised with a sperm in a laboratory, and the fertilised egg is then placed in the womans womb for growth. Infertile couples often opt for this process.

As the country went through a three-month strict lockdown from the end of March till June, IVF clinics had to shut down and all assisted reproductive process was postponed. Many patients, who were undergoing treatment, had to cancel their plans midway.

Experts say that when couples plan IVF, they are concerned about the time frame and want the process to finish as soon as possible. So, any delay in it is a frustrating experience for them.

ALSO READ: What You Should Do If You Come In Contact With A Covid-19 Patient

The biggest apprehension of couples is not the effect of the virus on their bodies or on their babies, but how delays in the treatment could affect their chances of having a baby, Dr Firuza Parikh, Director, Dept. of Assisted Reproduction & Genetics at Jaslok Hospital, Mumbai, said.

She added, I would like to allay this worry of theirs, as there is strong evidence that a delay of up to 6 months in starting IVF treatment would not cause an unfavourable outcome.

Other doctors also feel that there is no harm in waiting till the coronavirus curve flattens as it is still very early to definitely and accurately predict the trajectory and spread of the virus due to lack of research and data availability.

Dr (col.) Pankaj Talwar, Head, Medical Sevices-IVF and Fertility, CK Birla Hospital, said, IVF is a cold procedure which implies that it can be delayed, and it is not life-threatening. But it can have emotional and psychological implications which, unfortunately, few people understand and give enough importance to.

He added, Educated couples showed more restraint and that reflected in the number of couples coming forward for IVF which were very less in bigger cities. Bigger cities are still reeling under COVID effect as compared to small-towns which are showing signs of recovery.

ALSO READ: What Is The Treatment For Coronavirus?

However, with the unlocking process, IVF clinics are allowed to operate now and some of them are back into business.

Life is slowly inching back to normalcy. There is definitely some apprehensions, especially when patients think of pregnancy, but precautions coupled with counselling give them the desired proof points to proceed, Dr Kshitiz Murdia, CEO, Indra IVF Hospitals, said.

He added, As the government has allowed IVF clinics to operate, all we can do is to take special precautions and follow all norms.

Dr Parikh, however, says that there are several researchers working on whether the virus can reach the male and female reproductive systems.

There is some evidence of its presence in semen. The embryo has the machinery to allow viral entry into its cells and recent literature has also shown the presence of the virus in the human placenta. Also, vertical transmission to the fetus has been demonstrated. Hence, it is important to make couples aware of this, she said.

See the article here:
Covid-19: Is It The Right Time To Conceive Through IVF? - Outlook India

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

If they failed to catch a swan, theyd move on to a different part of northern Minnesota.

There were trumpeters in the area they'd spotted 17 swans, about half adults and half cygnets, as juvenile birds are called, the previous evening but catching one of the majestic birds in its home habitat isnt always easy. Especially in an area the size of Roseau River WMA, which covers more than 75,000 acres.

In reality, it took Wolfson and Drake maybe 10 minutes from the time they left shore in the 14-foot jon boat they use for their research until they emerged through the break in the cattails with a trumpeter swan. A picture of grace and beauty, the swan was surprisingly docile in Wolfsons arms as Drake steered the mud motor designed to navigate shallow water back to shore.

Which begged the question: Is catching a trumpeter swan always this easy?

For the most part, yes, laughed Drake, a wildlife technician and graduate of Bemidji State University.

Well, it can be, Wolfson said, adding a caveat:

Provided youve spotted a swan, obtained permission to access the property, are able to drag the jon boat to open water and are lucky enough to encounter a swan that is molting.

It isnt always easy, in other words, but its nice when it is.

A doctoral student at the University of Minnesota, Wolfson is leading a multi-year study to fit about 40 trumpeter swans across the state with GPS tracking collars this summer to learn more about their movements, mortality risks and habitat use.

Sporting collar 5E, the mature female at Roseau River was trumpeter swan No. 36 for the summer; Wolfson and Drake would wrap up the collaring effort a few days later in northeast Minnesota.

The study is a partnership between the Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit of the U.S. Geological Survey and several collaborators, including the University of Minnesota, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, the Twin Cities-based Three Rivers Park District and the Trumpeter Swan Society.

In the very simplest of terms, the study aims to build on the knowledge of the so-called Interior Population of trumpeter swans, which includes Minnesota birds, and their remarkable story of recovery from the brink of extinction.

Little is known about the migration patterns of trumpeter swans in the Interior Population, Wolfson said. Among the questions hes seeking to answer are how likely they are to migrate, how far they travel and where they winter.

An important aspect of the ecology of wildlife species is to understand annual movements and migration pathways," Wolfson said. That can help you make management decisions and understand how to conserve animal species.

The study also is looking at lead concentrations in every collared swan to gauge the effects of lead exposure, Wolfson said, along with evaluating the genetics of the Interior Population, which was restored by a multitude of reintroduction efforts across the Midwest.

Coupled with similar studies underway in Michigan, Ohio, Iowa, Wisconsin and Manitoba, researchers will be able to track about 100 swans fitted with the GPS collars, Wolfson said.

Conducting a trumpeter swan study during the Covid-19 pandemic required David Wolfson and research partner Tori Drake to follow guidelines such as wearing masks and driving in separate work vehicles to work sites. Overall, the impact wasn't bad, they said. (Photo/ Brad Dokken, Grand Forks Herald)

We're catching swans across basically almost the entire breeding range of the Interior Population, and so well be able to have a much more representative idea of whats going on across the population, he said.

The collars, which cost about $1,200 each, capture data points every 15 minutes and download the information to a cell tower either daily or whenever cell service is available.

Connections can be sparse, but (the collar) can store a lot of information onboard the unit and then transmit the batch once the collar is within reception of a cell tower, Wolfson said.

Eventually, findings from the study will form the basis for Wolfsons doctoral thesis.

According to the Minnesota DNR, trumpeter swans historically flourished across North America from Illinois northwest to Alaska. But market hunting, driven by demand for the birds meat, skin and feathers, along with habitat loss as settlers moved across the region, led to population declines.

By the 1880s, trumpeter swans had disappeared from Minnesota, and by the 1930s, only 69 trumpeter swans remained in the lower 48 states, the DNR said, living in the remote Red Rock Lakes wildlife refuge of southwestern Montana.

People thought those were the last ones left, and then years later, they found a wild population in Alaska that was pretty sizable, Wolfson said.

Minnesota's efforts to reintroduce trumpeter swans began in the 1960s, when what today is known as the Three Rivers Park District got 40 swans from the fledgling Montana population. In the 1980s, Minnesota's Nongame Wildlife Fund funded by a checkoff on Minnesota tax forms got a permit to collect 50 eggs from Alaska.

Thanks to those and subsequent reintroductions, Minnesota's trumpeter swan population has grown as much as 20% annually since 2000, based on observations from annual Minnesota waterfowl surveys, and today numbers about 30,000 birds, the DNR says.

As with many bird species, trumpeter swans go through a molt every summer to replace their flight feathers. During that period, which usually begins in July and continues into August, the adult swans cant fly.

That makes the birds easier to catch, and Wolfson and Drake have captured and collared trumpeter swans from nearly every region of Minnesota.

Ideally, they target breeding pairs with cygnets, Wolfson said.

Typically, at least one adult is in molt during this time of year, so we'll approach the pair, he said. Usually, the one thats not molting will fly, and then the other one uses its wings to kind of swim and flap away. But were faster than the swan is so we can just kind of boat up to it and catch it, and its all pretty quick, pretty easy.

When it works well, it works well.

Tori Drake and David Wolfson launch a jon boat Tuesday, Aug. 4, at Roseau River Wildlife Management Area. They were back on shore with a female trumpeter swan barely 10 minutes later. (Photo/ Brad Dokken, Grand Forks Herald)

Working during a pandemic hasnt been difficult, Wolfson said. Theyve traveled in separate vehicles, wore masks and spent more time staying in hotels instead of onsite lodging where they work, he said. Overall, the pandemic guidelines havent hampered their time in the field.

It hasnt been as bad as I feared, Wolfson said. As far as what were doing, were outdoors, were in remote settings, and were not really interacting with people. The two of us take a lot of precautions around each other, but other than that, it hasnt been too bad.

I kind of thought they would cancel the whole field season, but they didnt.

With this years field season complete, Wolfson and other project partners will continue to collect data and analyze results throughout the duration of the four-year study.

The Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund is funding the project, as recommended by the Legislative-Citizens Commission on Minnesota Resources, along with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and others.

More info on the study is available on the project website at https://trumpeterswan.netlify.app/index.html. The site includes updates, annual reports and a map showing the locations of the collared study birds.

The website for the Interior Trumpeter Swan Population research study includes a map that's regularly updated showing the location of collared swans not only in Minnesota, but the other partner states and Manitoba. (Credit/ trumpeterswan.netlify.app)

Tori Drake and David Wolfson wrap up a successful trumpeter swan capture Tuesday, Aug. 4, at Roseau River Wildlife Management Area in northwest Minnesota. The pair captured 40 trumpeter swans this summer and fitted them with GPS tracking collars as part of a four-year study. (Photo/ Brad Dokken, Grand Forks Herald)

Read the original post:
Study sheds light on trumpeter swans, a species back from the brink - Duluth News Tribune

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Cannabis 101: CBD vs THC

A column by Dr. Pierre Milot, PhD.

The Genetics of Cannabis

Cannabis is believed to be one of the oldest domesticated crops. Throughout history, humans have grown different varieties of cannabis for industrial and medical uses.

Tall, sturdy plants were grown by early civilizations to make a variety of foods, oils and textiles, such as rope and fabrics. These plants were bred with other plants with the same characteristics, leading to the type of cannabis we now know as hemp.

Other plants were recognized for being psychoactive and were bred selectively for medical and religious purposes. This led to unique varieties of cannabis that we now know as marijuana.

According to Dan Sutton of Tantulus Labs, a Canadian company that specializes in cannabis cultivation technology, the core agricultural differences between medical cannabis and hemp are largely in their genetic parentage and cultivation environment.

In fact, scientists believe the early separation of the cannabis gene pool led to two distinct types of cannabis plants. The two species (or subspecies) of cannabis are known as Cannabis Indica and Cannabis sativa.

THC Content

Cannabis plants contain unique compounds called cannabinoids. Current research has revealed over 100 different cannabinoids so far, but THC is the most well known. THC is credited with causing the marijuana high.

While marijuana plants contain high levels of THC, hemp contains very little or none at all of the psychoactive chemical. This single difference is what most rely on to distinguish hemp from marijuana. For example, countries like Canada have set the maximum THC content of hemp at 0.3 percent. Any cannabis with higher THC levels is considered marijuana instead.

In comparison, medical marijuana produces anywhere between 5-20 percent THC on average, with prize strains tipping the scale at 25-30 percent THC.

Hemp and marijuana plants contain another important cannabinoid: CBD. Hemp plants produce more CBD than THC, while marijuana produces more THC than CBD. Interestingly, research has shown that CBD acts to reduce the psychoactive effects of THC, separating hemp further from marijuana.

Cultivation

Hemp and marijuana are grown for different uses, and therefore require different growing conditions.

Medical cannabis has been selectively bred over generations, and its characteristics are optimized in its cultivation environment to produce female flowering plants that yield budding flowers at the flowering stage of their life cycle,

In contrast, hemp plants are primarily male, without representing flowering buds at any stage in their life cycle. Instead, centuries of selective breeding have resulted in relatively low concentrations of THC, and tall, fast growing plants optimized for higher stalk harvests.

* Achieving maximum THC levels in marijuana is tricky and requires close attention to grow-room conditions. Marijuana growers usually aim to maintain stable light, temperature, humidity, CO2 and oxygen levels, among other things.

On the other hand, hemp is usually grown outdoors to maximize its size and yield and less attention is paid to individual plants.

A Bit About the Anatomy of the Marijuana Plant

Most people know that THC is only present in the female cannabis plant, because this is the one that produces those resinous flowers that are able to provide the high that so many marijuana consumers desire. On the other hand, the male cannabis plant, which is also known by some as hemp, might not have any THC present, but it does contain some CBD. Both the female and male cannabis plants have a source of CBD, so they both make suitable options for cannabidiol oil extraction and processing.

* In addition to being female and male, cannabis plants can also be hermaphroditic (a.k.a. both!). Pretty neat right? Hermaphrodite plants are capable of pollinating themselves, because they contain both female and male sex organs. This is a nuisance though for marijuana growers, because it means their final product will be filled with seeds and the hermaphrodite genetics can be passed down onto other generations, which defeats the purpose of having feminized seeds. To ensure a female plant, either specifically bred feminized seeds can be purchased, or clones of a female cannabis plant.

The structure of a female cannabis plant, also known as the marijuana plant, is typically built up of a stem with roots that dig deep into the earth, with fan leaves and sometimes colas that stick out in between some of the fan/water leaves. These colas are a mass collection of the buds, which are the flowers and the part of the plant that can get you high.

* These buds contain sugar leaves, which are coated with those crystal-appearing trichomes (the component that directly contains the THC and shown in the last picture). Additionally, pistils and stigmas are those tiny, usually orange hairs mixed amongst the sugar leaves. Lastly, there are calyxes and bracts, which also contain potent quantities of cannabinoids.

Hope you enjoyed this article and once again I encourage you to email me any questions or comments you might have on cannabis, request more explanations or share a success story with other readers at: drpierremilot@mail.com

Talk to you soon,

Dr. Pierre Milot, PhD., PhD. (tc)Certified Medical Cannabis CounselorWinchester, ON.

Related

Visit link:
The health benefits of Cannabis and THC - Nation Valley News

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Hair loss is a complex phenomenon because it can be attributed to both genetic and environmental causes. These causes are not so easily teased apart, which makes finding a tailored solution tricky. The complexity of hair loss is neatly summed up by alopecia areata - a common autoimmune skin disease, causing hair loss on the scalp, face and sometimes on other areas of the body.

As the National Areata Foundation (NAF) explains, alopecia areata is known as a polygenic disease".

This means that, unlike a single-gene disease, both parents must contribute a number of specific genes in order for a child to develop it, says the NAF.

Because of this, most parents will not pass alopecia areata along to their children, explains the hair research body.

With identical twins who share all of the same genes theres only a 55 percent chance that if one has alopecia areata, the other will, too, however.

READ MORE:Hair loss warning: The food you eat every day could be accelerating hair loss

"This is why scientists believe that it takes more than just genetics to cause the disease and that other environmental factors also contribute to people developing alopecia areata," notes the NAF.

Putting aside the complex causes of alopecia areata, research has found effective ways of addressing it.

In one study, entitled "Clinical Evaluation of herbal hair loss cream in management of Alopecia Areata," researchers tested the effects of a topical formulation using extracts of Butea Monosperma, Butea Parviflora and Butea Frondosa.

Butea Parviflora, scientifically known as Butea Monosperma, is a flowering tree that grows in India and South East Asia.

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Butea Frondosa is a closely related species.

Twenty subjects (15 men and five women) with varying levels of hair loss, were enrolled in this six month study.

The study indicated that the herbal hair loss cream can have a decisive impact on hair loss.

Fifty four percent of the male and 52 percent of the female participants reported a noticeable decrease in hair loss after one month of treatment.

What's more, 67 percent of men and 63 percent of women reported significant fall in hair loss after three months of treatment.

By the end of the study the majority of men and women reported new growth of hair.

A study limitation is that the effect seemed to be more pronounced in men and women under the age of 40 years, who are expected to have normal hair growth cycles.

According to the NHS, finasteride and minoxidil are the main treatments for male pattern baldness.

"Minoxidil can also be used to treat female pattern baldness. Women shouldn't use finasteride," warns the health body.

Some wigs are available on the NHS, but you may have to pay unless you qualify for financial help.

Other hair loss treatments include:

Some of these treatments may not be available on the NHS so may be costly.

If your hair loss is causing you distress, you may benefit from joining a support group, or speaking to other people in the same situation on online forums.

Try these online support groups:

Read more:
Hair loss treatment: The herbal cream that showed positive results within one month - Express

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Genetics is the most mysterious wonders of nature. Also, a mother carrying a baby for nine months tocreate a new life is a miracle in itself.

When a baby is born, the baby carries the genes from the father and mother. At times, the child resembles their father more, and sometimes they resemble their mother more.

These girl group idols received their genes from their parents and seem to receive most of their genes from their mother - these girl group members look exactly like their mother as they inherited their beauty from them.

Without further ado, here are some girl group members who look exactly like their mother. Please note, that the list is not in any particular order.

IZ* ONE - Kang Hye Won

IZ *ONE - Kim Chae Won

via Gfycat

IZ* ONE - Sakura

Note: Theabove photo is of Sakura and her mother's face swap

IOI - Kim So Hye

TWICE - Nayeon

TWICE - Mina

TWICE - Sana

TWICE - Tzuyu

Soyu

Yubin

IZ*ONE - Chaeyeon and ITZY - Chaeryung

A Pink - Eunji

BLACKPINK - Jennie

Continue reading here:
Female idol members who inherited their beauty from their mother - allkpop

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

DUBLIN, Aug. 19, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- The "3D Cell Cultures: Technologies and Global Markets" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The report includes:

Whether the discussion is about stem cells, tissue engineering, or microphysiological systems, their vital role in drug discovery, toxicology, and other areas leading to new product development, 3D cell culture is becoming the environment that will increasingly define the basis for future advances.

To mix metaphors, 3D cell culture is also cross-roads through which just about everything else passes on its way to building knowledgebases or introducing new products. This study is needed to bring together and make sense out of the broad body of information encompassed by 3D cell culture.

Three-dimensional cell culture has been used by researchers for many years now, with early adoption and now key roles in cancer and stem cells. Organ-on-a-chip technology, also known as microphysiological systems, is leading to dramatic breakthroughs. Also, stem cell research coupled with synthetic biology is opening new areas. This study is needed to provide a perspective on these advances.

Furthermore, classical toxicology testing programs have been in place for many decades, and over the past 20 years, animal welfare and scientific activities have spurred the development of in vitro testing methods. In silico methods are advancing in novel ways that need to be analyzed and considered in terms of their impacts on cell culture.

This report investigates the recent key technical advances in 3D cell culture equipment, raw materials, assay kits, analytical methods, and clinical research organization (CRO) services. It should also be pointed out that this report takes a somewhat different position on 2D cell culture. It has been criticized for its inadequacies and the misleading information it can produce. However, a review of industry practices makes it clear that it still has its place and will contribute to future advances in unexpected ways.

The company section looks at many of the suppliers who provide equipment, assays, cells, reagents, and services used in 3D cell culture. This study sought to understand business models and market maturity dynamics in greater depth as well as providing more quantitative analysis of their operations.

Key Topics Covered

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 Summary

Chapter 3 Highlights and Issues

Chapter 4 Tissue and Cell Culture: Technology and Product Background

Chapter 5 Assays, Imaging and Analysis

Chapter 6 Regulation and Standardization

Chapter 7 3D Models for Cancer

Chapter 8 Landscape for Toxicology and Drug Safety Testing

Chapter 9 Stem Cell Landscape

Chapter 10 Regenerative Medicine: Organ Transplants and Skin Substitutes

Chapter 11 Company Profiles

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/jesu26

Research and Markets also offers Custom Research services providing focused, comprehensive and tailored research.

Media Contact:

Research and Markets Laura Wood, Senior Manager [emailprotected]

For E.S.T Office Hours Call +1-917-300-0470 For U.S./CAN Toll Free Call +1-800-526-8630 For GMT Office Hours Call +353-1-416-8900

U.S. Fax: 646-607-1907 Fax (outside U.S.): +353-1-481-1716

SOURCE Research and Markets

http://www.researchandmarkets.com

Continued here:
3D Cell Cultures Industry Report 2020-2025: Impact of COVID-19 on the World of Cell Culture - PRNewswire

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

KENILWORTH, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Aug 19, 2020--

Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, today announced that the pivotal Phase 3 KEYNOTE-590 trial evaluating KEYTRUDA, Mercks anti-PD-1 therapy, in combination with chemotherapy (cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil [5-FU]), met its primary endpoints of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for the first-line treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic esophageal cancer. Based on an interim analysis conducted by an independent Data Monitoring Committee, KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy demonstrated a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in OS and PFS compared with chemotherapy (cisplatin plus 5-FU), the current standard of care, in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. The study also met the key secondary endpoint of objective response rate (ORR), with significant improvements for KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy compared with chemotherapy alone. The safety profile of KEYTRUDA in this trial was consistent with that observed in previously reported studies. Results will be shared with global regulatory authorities and have been submitted for presentation at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Virtual Congress 2020.

Esophageal cancer is a devastating malignancy with a high mortality rate and few treatment options in the first-line setting beyond chemotherapy, said Dr. Roy Baynes, senior vice president and head of global clinical development, chief medical officer, Merck Research Laboratories. In this pivotal study, KEYTRUDA plus chemotherapy resulted in superior overall survival compared with the current standard of care in the full study population and across all patient groups evaluated. These results build upon our research reinforcing the survival benefits of KEYTRUDA, and we look forward to engaging regulatory authorities as quickly as possible.

KEYTRUDA is currently approved in the U.S. and China as monotherapy for the second-line treatment of patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus whose tumors express PD-L1 (Combined Positive Score [CPS] 10). Merck is continuing to study KEYTRUDA across multiple settings and stages of gastrointestinal cancer including gastric, hepatobiliary, esophageal, pancreatic, colorectal and anal cancers through its broad clinical program.

About KEYNOTE-590

KEYNOTE-590 is a randomized, double-blind, Phase 3 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03189719 ) evaluating KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy compared with placebo plus chemotherapy for the first-line treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic esophageal carcinoma (adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus or Siewert type 1 adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction). The primary endpoints are OS and PFS. The secondary endpoints include ORR, duration of response and safety. The study enrolled 749 patients who were randomized to receive:

About Esophageal Cancer

Esophageal cancer, a type of cancer that is particularly difficult to treat, begins in the inner layer (mucosa) of the esophagus and grows outward. The two main types of esophageal cancer are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Esophageal cancer is the seventh most commonly diagnosed cancer and the sixth leading cause of death from cancer worldwide. Globally, it is estimated there were more than 572,000 new cases of esophageal cancer diagnosed and nearly 509,000 deaths resulting from the disease in 2018. In the U.S. alone, it is estimated there will be nearly 18,500 new cases of esophageal cancer diagnosed and more than 16,000 deaths resulting from the disease in 2020.

About KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) Injection, 100 mg

KEYTRUDA is an anti-PD-1 therapy that works by increasing the ability of the bodys immune system to help detect and fight tumor cells. KEYTRUDA is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, thereby activating T lymphocytes which may affect both tumor cells and healthy cells.

Merck has the industrys largest immuno-oncology clinical research program. There are currently more than 1,200 trials studying KEYTRUDA across a wide variety of cancers and treatment settings. The KEYTRUDA clinical program seeks to understand the role of KEYTRUDA across cancers and the factors that may predict a patient's likelihood of benefitting from treatment with KEYTRUDA, including exploring several different biomarkers.

Selected KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) Indications

Melanoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma.

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of patients with melanoma with involvement of lymph node(s) following complete resection.

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

KEYTRUDA, in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations.

KEYTRUDA, in combination with carboplatin and either paclitaxel or paclitaxel protein-bound, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic squamous NSCLC.

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with NSCLC expressing PD-L1 [tumor proportion score (TPS) 1%] as determined by an FDA-approved test, with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations, and is stage III where patients are not candidates for surgical resection or definitive chemoradiation, or metastatic.

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors express PD-L1 (TPS 1%) as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. Patients with EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations should have disease progression on FDA-approved therapy for these aberrations prior to receiving KEYTRUDA.

Small Cell Lung Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy and at least 1 other prior line of therapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials.

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer

KEYTRUDA, in combination with platinum and fluorouracil (FU), is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic or with unresectable, recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic or with unresectable, recurrent HNSCC whose tumors express PD-L1 [combined positive score (CPS) 1] as determined by an FDA-approved test.

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy.

Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), or who have relapsed after 3 or more prior lines of therapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with refractory primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL), or who have relapsed after 2 or more prior lines of therapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials. KEYTRUDA is not recommended for treatment of patients with PMBCL who require urgent cytoreductive therapy.

Urothelial Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) who are not eligible for cisplatin-containing chemotherapy and whose tumors express PD-L1 [combined positive score (CPS) 10], as determined by an FDA-approved test, or in patients who are not eligible for any platinum-containing chemotherapy regardless of PD-L1 status. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and duration of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials.

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) who have disease progression during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy or within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum-containing chemotherapy.

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-unresponsive, high-risk, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with carcinoma in situ (CIS) with or without papillary tumors who are ineligible for or have elected not to undergo cystectomy.

Microsatellite Instability-High or Mismatch Repair Deficient Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR)

This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. The safety and effectiveness of KEYTRUDA in pediatric patients with MSI-H central nervous system cancers have not been established.

Microsatellite Instability-High or Mismatch Repair Deficient Colorectal Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic MSI-H or dMMR colorectal cancer (CRC).

Gastric Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS 1) as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression on or after two or more prior lines of therapy including fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy and if appropriate, HER2/neu-targeted therapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Esophageal Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS 10) as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression after one or more prior lines of systemic therapy.

Cervical Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer with disease progression on or after chemotherapy whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS 1) as determined by an FDA-approved test. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have been previously treated with sorafenib. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Merkel Cell Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Renal Cell Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA, in combination with axitinib, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Tumor Mutational Burden-High

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic tumor mutational burden-high (TMB-H) [10 mutations/megabase (mut/Mb)] solid tumors, as determined by an FDA-approved test, that have progressed following prior treatment and who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. The safety and effectiveness of KEYTRUDA in pediatric patients with TMB-H central nervous system cancers have not been established.

Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) that is not curable by surgery or radiation.

Selected Important Safety Information for KEYTRUDA

Immune-Mediated Pneumonitis

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated pneumonitis, including fatal cases. Pneumonitis occurred in 3.4% (94/2799) of patients with various cancers receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 1 (0.8%), 2 (1.3%), 3 (0.9%), 4 (0.3%), and 5 (0.1%). Pneumonitis occurred in 8.2% (65/790) of NSCLC patients receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent, including Grades 3-4 in 3.2% of patients, and occurred more frequently in patients with a history of prior thoracic radiation (17%) compared to those without (7.7%). Pneumonitis occurred in 6% (18/300) of HNSCC patients receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent, including Grades 3-5 in 1.6% of patients, and occurred in 5.4% (15/276) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with platinum and FU as first-line therapy for advanced disease, including Grades 3-5 in 1.5% of patients.

Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of pneumonitis. Evaluate suspected pneumonitis with radiographic imaging. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater pneumonitis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2; permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or 4 or recurrent Grade 2 pneumonitis.

Immune-Mediated Colitis

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated colitis. Colitis occurred in 1.7% (48/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.4%), 3 (1.1%), and 4 (<0.1%). Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of colitis. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater colitis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2 or 3; permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 4 colitis.

Immune-Mediated Hepatitis (KEYTRUDA) and Hepatotoxicity (KEYTRUDA in Combination With Axitinib)

Immune-Mediated Hepatitis

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated hepatitis. Hepatitis occurred in 0.7% (19/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.1%), 3 (0.4%), and 4 (<0.1%). Monitor patients for changes in liver function. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater hepatitis and, based on severity of liver enzyme elevations, withhold or discontinue KEYTRUDA.

Hepatotoxicity in Combination With Axitinib

KEYTRUDA in combination with axitinib can cause hepatic toxicity with higher than expected frequencies of Grades 3 and 4 ALT and AST elevations compared to KEYTRUDA alone. With the combination of KEYTRUDA and axitinib, Grades 3 and 4 increased ALT (20%) and increased AST (13%) were seen. Monitor liver enzymes before initiation of and periodically throughout treatment. Consider more frequent monitoring of liver enzymes as compared to when the drugs are administered as single agents. For elevated liver enzymes, interrupt KEYTRUDA and axitinib, and consider administering corticosteroids as needed.

Immune-Mediated Endocrinopathies

KEYTRUDA can cause adrenal insufficiency (primary and secondary), hypophysitis, thyroid disorders, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Adrenal insufficiency occurred in 0.8% (22/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (0.3%), 3 (0.3%), and 4 (<0.1%). Hypophysitis occurred in 0.6% (17/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (0.2%), 3 (0.3%), and 4 (<0.1%). Hypothyroidism occurred in 8.5% (237/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (6.2%) and 3 (0.1%). The incidence of new or worsening hypothyroidism was higher in 1185 patients with HNSCC (16%) receiving KEYTRUDA, as a single agent or in combination with platinum and FU, including Grade 3 (0.3%) hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism occurred in 3.4% (96/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (0.8%) and 3 (0.1%), and thyroiditis occurred in 0.6% (16/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (0.3%). Type 1 diabetes mellitus, including diabetic ketoacidosis, occurred in 0.2% (6/2799) of patients.

Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency, hypophysitis (including hypopituitarism), thyroid function (prior to and periodically during treatment), and hyperglycemia. For adrenal insufficiency or hypophysitis, administer corticosteroids and hormone replacement as clinically indicated. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2 adrenal insufficiency or hypophysitis and withhold or discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or Grade 4 adrenal insufficiency or hypophysitis. Administer hormone replacement for hypothyroidism and manage hyperthyroidism with thionamides and beta-blockers as appropriate. Withhold or discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or 4 hyperthyroidism. Administer insulin for type 1 diabetes, and withhold KEYTRUDA and administer antihyperglycemics in patients with severe hyperglycemia.

Immune-Mediated Nephritis and Renal Dysfunction

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated nephritis. Nephritis occurred in 0.3% (9/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.1%), 3 (0.1%), and 4 (<0.1%) nephritis. Nephritis occurred in 1.7% (7/405) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy. Monitor patients for changes in renal function. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater nephritis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2; permanently discontinue for Grade 3 or 4 nephritis.

Immune-Mediated Skin Reactions

Immune-mediated rashes, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) (some cases with fatal outcome), exfoliative dermatitis, and bullous pemphigoid, can occur. Monitor patients for suspected severe skin reactions and based on the severity of the adverse reaction, withhold or permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA and administer corticosteroids. For signs or symptoms of SJS or TEN, withhold KEYTRUDA and refer the patient for specialized care for assessment and treatment. If SJS or TEN is confirmed, permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA.

Other Immune-Mediated Adverse Reactions

Immune-mediated adverse reactions, which may be severe or fatal, can occur in any organ system or tissue in patients receiving KEYTRUDA and may also occur after discontinuation of treatment. For suspected immune-mediated adverse reactions, ensure adequate evaluation to confirm etiology or exclude other causes. Based on the severity of the adverse reaction, withhold KEYTRUDA and administer corticosteroids. Upon improvement to Grade 1 or less, initiate corticosteroid taper and continue to taper over at least 1 month. Based on limited data from clinical studies in patients whose immune-related adverse reactions could not be controlled with corticosteroid use, administration of other systemic immunosuppressants can be considered. Resume KEYTRUDA when the adverse reaction remains at Grade 1 or less following corticosteroid taper. Permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for any Grade 3 immune-mediated adverse reaction that recurs and for any life-threatening immune-mediated adverse reaction.

The following clinically significant immune-mediated adverse reactions occurred in less than 1% (unless otherwise indicated) of 2799 patients: arthritis (1.5%), uveitis, myositis, Guillain-Barr syndrome, myasthenia gravis, vasculitis, pancreatitis, hemolytic anemia, sarcoidosis, and encephalitis. In addition, myelitis and myocarditis were reported in other clinical trials, including classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and postmarketing use.

Treatment with KEYTRUDA may increase the risk of rejection in solid organ transplant recipients. Consider the benefit of treatment vs the risk of possible organ rejection in these patients.

Infusion-Related Reactions

KEYTRUDA can cause severe or life-threatening infusion-related reactions, including hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis, which have been reported in 0.2% (6/2799) of patients. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of infusion-related reactions. For Grade 3 or 4 reactions, stop infusion and permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA.

Complications of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT)

Immune-mediated complications, including fatal events, occurred in patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT after treatment with KEYTRUDA. Of 23 patients with cHL who proceeded to allogeneic HSCT after KEYTRUDA, 6 (26%) developed graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (1 fatal case) and 2 (9%) developed severe hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) after reduced-intensity conditioning (1 fatal case). Cases of fatal hyperacute GVHD after allogeneic HSCT have also been reported in patients with lymphoma who received a PD-1 receptorblocking antibody before transplantation. Follow patients closely for early evidence of transplant-related complications such as hyperacute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), Grade 3 to 4 acute GVHD, steroid-requiring febrile syndrome, hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD), and other immune-mediated adverse reactions.

In patients with a history of allogeneic HSCT, acute GVHD (including fatal GVHD) has been reported after treatment with KEYTRUDA. Patients who experienced GVHD after their transplant procedure may be at increased risk for GVHD after KEYTRUDA. Consider the benefit of KEYTRUDA vs the risk of GVHD in these patients.

Increased Mortality in Patients With Multiple Myeloma

In trials in patients with multiple myeloma, the addition of KEYTRUDA to a thalidomide analogue plus dexamethasone resulted in increased mortality. Treatment of these patients with a PD-1 or PD-L1 blocking antibody in this combination is not recommended outside of controlled trials.

Embryofetal Toxicity

Based on its mechanism of action, KEYTRUDA can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Advise women of this potential risk. In females of reproductive potential, verify pregnancy status prior to initiating KEYTRUDA and advise them to use effective contraception during treatment and for 4 months after the last dose.

Adverse Reactions

In KEYNOTE-006, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 9% of 555 patients with advanced melanoma; adverse reactions leading to permanent discontinuation in more than one patient were colitis (1.4%), autoimmune hepatitis (0.7%), allergic reaction (0.4%), polyneuropathy (0.4%), and cardiac failure (0.4%). The most common adverse reactions (20%) with KEYTRUDA were fatigue (28%), diarrhea (26%), rash (24%), and nausea (21%).

In KEYNOTE-002, KEYTRUDA was permanently discontinued due to adverse reactions in 12% of 357 patients with advanced melanoma; the most common (1%) were general physical health deterioration (1%), asthenia (1%), dyspnea (1%), pneumonitis (1%), and generalized edema (1%). The most common adverse reactions were fatigue (43%), pruritus (28%), rash (24%), constipation (22%), nausea (22%), diarrhea (20%), and decreased appetite (20%).

In KEYNOTE-054, KEYTRUDA was permanently discontinued due to adverse reactions in 14% of 509 patients; the most common (1%) were pneumonitis (1.4%), colitis (1.2%), and diarrhea (1%). Serious adverse reactions occurred in 25% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA. The most common adverse reaction (20%) with KEYTRUDA was diarrhea (28%).

In KEYNOTE-189, when KEYTRUDA was administered with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy in metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 20% of 405 patients. The most common adverse reactions resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA were pneumonitis (3%) and acute kidney injury (2%). The most common adverse reactions (20%) with KEYTRUDA were nausea (56%), fatigue (56%), constipation (35%), diarrhea (31%), decreased appetite (28%), rash (25%), vomiting (24%), cough (21%), dyspnea (21%), and pyrexia (20%).

In KEYNOTE-407, when KEYTRUDA was administered with carboplatin and either paclitaxel or paclitaxel protein-bound in metastatic squamous NSCLC, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 15% of 101 patients. The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in at least 2% of patients were febrile neutropenia, pneumonia, and urinary tract infection. Adverse reactions observed in KEYNOTE-407 were similar to those observed in KEYNOTE-189 with the exception that increased incidences of alopecia (47% vs 36%) and peripheral neuropathy (31% vs 25%) were observed in the KEYTRUDA and chemotherapy arm compared to the placebo and chemotherapy arm in KEYNOTE-407.

In KEYNOTE-042, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 19% of 636 patients with advanced NSCLC; the most common were pneumonitis (3%), death due to unknown cause (1.6%), and pneumonia (1.4%). The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in at least 2% of patients were pneumonia (7%), pneumonitis (3.9%), pulmonary embolism (2.4%), and pleural effusion (2.2%). The most common adverse reaction (20%) was fatigue (25%).

In KEYNOTE-010, KEYTRUDA monotherapy was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 8% of 682 patients with metastatic NSCLC; the most common was pneumonitis (1.8%). The most common adverse reactions (20%) were decreased appetite (25%), fatigue (25%), dyspnea (23%), and nausea (20%).

Adverse reactions occurring in patients with SCLC were similar to those occurring in patients with other solid tumors who received KEYTRUDA as a single agent.

In KEYNOTE-048, KEYTRUDA monotherapy was discontinued due to adverse events in 12% of 300 patients with HNSCC; the most common adverse reactions leading to permanent discontinuation were sepsis (1.7%) and pneumonia (1.3%). The most common adverse reactions (20%) were fatigue (33%), constipation (20%), and rash (20%).

In KEYNOTE-048, when KEYTRUDA was administered in combination with platinum (cisplatin or carboplatin) and FU chemotherapy, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 16% of 276 patients with HNSCC. The most common adverse reactions resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA were pneumonia (2.5%), pneumonitis (1.8%), and septic shock (1.4%). The most common adverse reactions (20%) were nausea (51%), fatigue (49%), constipation (37%), vomiting (32%), mucosal inflammation (31%), diarrhea (29%), decreased appetite (29%), stomatitis (26%), and cough (22%).

In KEYNOTE-012, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 17% of 192 patients with HNSCC. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 45% of patients. The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in at least 2% of patients were pneumonia, dyspnea, confusional state, vomiting, pleural effusion, and respiratory failure. The most common adverse reactions (20%) were fatigue, decreased appetite, and dyspnea. Adverse reactions occurring in patients with HNSCC were generally similar to those occurring in patients with melanoma or NSCLC who received KEYTRUDA as a monotherapy, with the exception of increased incidences of facial edema and new or worsening hypothyroidism.

In KEYNOTE-087, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 5% of 210 patients with cHL. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 16% of patients; those 1% included pneumonia, pneumonitis, pyrexia, dyspnea, GVHD, and herpes zoster. Two patients died from causes other than disease progression; 1 from GVHD after subsequent allogeneic HSCT and 1 from septic shock. The most common adverse reactions (20%) were fatigue (26%), pyrexia (24%), cough (24%), musculoskeletal pain (21%), diarrhea (20%), and rash (20%).

In KEYNOTE-170, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 8% of 53 patients with PMBCL. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 26% of patients and included arrhythmia (4%), cardiac tamponade (2%), myocardial infarction (2%), pericardial effusion (2%), and pericarditis (2%). Six (11%) patients died within 30 days of start of treatment. The most common adverse reactions (20%) were musculoskeletal pain (30%), upper respiratory tract infection and pyrexia (28% each), cough (26%), fatigue (23%), and dyspnea (21%).

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Merck's KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) in Combination With Chemotherapy Significantly Improved Overall Survival and Progression-Free Survival Compared With...

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Global Exosome Therapeutic Market By Type (Natural Exosomes, Hybrid Exosomes), Source (Dendritic Cells, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Blood, Milk, Body Fluids, Saliva, Urine Others), Therapy (Immunotherapy, Gene Therapy, Chemotherapy), Transporting Capacity (Bio Macromolecules, Small Molecules), Application (Oncology, Neurology, Metabolic Disorders, Cardiac Disorders, Blood Disorders, Inflammatory Disorders, Gynecology Disorders, Organ Transplantation, Others), Route of administration (Oral, Parenteral), End User (Hospitals, Diagnostic Centers, Research & Academic Institutes), Geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Latin America)

Exosome therapeutic market is expected to gain market growth in the forecast period of 2019 to 2026. Data Bridge Market Research analyses that the market is growing with a CAGR of 21.9% in the forecast period of 2019 to 2026 and expected to reach USD 31,691.52 million by 2026 from USD 6,500.00 million in 2018. Increasing prevalence of lyme disease, chronic inflammation, autoimmune disease and other chronic degenerative diseases are the factors for the market growth.

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Increased number of exosome therapeutics as compared to the past few years will accelerate the market growth. Companies are receiving funding for exosome therapeutic research and clinical trials. For instance, In September 2018, EXOCOBIO has raised USD 27 million in its series B funding. The company has raised USD 46 million as series a funding in April 2017. The series B funding will help the company to set up GMP-compliant exosome industrial facilities to enhance production of exosomes to commercialize in cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry.

This exosome therapeutic market report provides details of market share, new developments, and product pipeline analysis, impact of domestic and localised market players, analyses opportunities in terms of emerging revenue pockets, changes in market regulations, product approvals, strategic decisions, product launches, geographic expansions, and technological innovations in the market. To understand the analysis and the market scenario contact us for an Analyst Brief, our team will help you create a revenue impact solution to achieve your desired goal.

Increasing demand for anti-aging therapies will also drive the market. Unmet medical needs such as very few therapeutic are approved by the regulatory authority for the treatment in comparison to the demand in global exosome therapeutics market will hamper the market growth market. Availability of various exosome isolation and purification techniques is further creates new opportunities for exosome therapeutics as they will help company in isolation and purification of exosomes from dendritic cells, mesenchymal stem cells, blood, milk, body fluids, saliva, and urine and from others sources. Such policies support exosome therapeutic market growth in the forecast period to 2019-2026.

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Exosome is an extracellular vesicle which is released from cells, particularly from stem cells. Exosome functions as vehicle for particular proteins and genetic information and other cells. Exosome plays a vital role in the rejuvenation and communication of all the cells in our body while not themselves being cells at all. Research has projected that communication between cells is significant in maintenance of healthy cellular terrain. Chronic disease, age, genetic disorders and environmental factors can affect stem cells communication with other cells and can lead to distribution in the healing process.

The growth of the global exosome therapeutic market reflects global and country-wide increase in prevalence of autoimmune disease, chronic inflammation, Lyme disease and chronic degenerative diseases, along with increasing demand for anti-aging therapies. Additionally major factors expected to contribute in growth of the global exosome therapeutic market in future are emerging therapeutic value of exosome, availability of various exosome isolation and purification techniques, technological advancements in exosome and rising healthcare infrastructure.

The major players covered in the report are evox THERAPEUTICS, EXOCOBIO, Exopharm, AEGLE Therapeutics, United Therapeutics Corporation, Codiak BioSciences, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, ReNeuron Group plc, Capricor Therapeutics, Avalon Globocare Corp., CREATIVE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS INC., Stem Cells Group among other players domestic and global. Exosome therapeutic market share data is available for Global, North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America separately. DBMR analysts understand competitive strengths and provide competitive analysis for each competitor separately.

The country section of the report also provides individual market impacting factors and changes in regulation in the market domestically that impacts the current and future trends of the market. Data points such as new sales, replacement sales, country demographics, regulatory acts and import-export tariffs are some of the major pointers used to forecast the market scenario for individual countries. Also, presence and availability of global brands and their challenges faced due to large or scarce competition from local and domestic brands, impact of sales channels are considered while providing forecast analysis of the country data.

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Exosome Therapeutic Market (Covid 19 Impact Analysis) Data Highlighting Major Vendors, Promising Regions, Anticipated Growth Forecast To 2027 -...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

LAFAYETTE, INDIANA: Pending neglect charges against an adoptive mother who has claimed that her daughter lied about her age and was an adult with growth disorder when she took her in have been dismissed by a judge, who conceded that the girl was not a child in the eyes of the law. The case of Natalia Barnett has caught international attention after her adoptive parents, 45-year-old Kristine Barnett and her 43-year-old ex-husband Michael Barnett were arrested and charged with two counts of neglect of a dependent in September 2019.

That arrest had taken place after a five-year investigation concerning the 2013 abandonment of then-11-year-old Natalia. The pair stood accused of renting an apartment in Lafayette, Indiana, in July 2013, legally changing her age to 22, and leaving her alone at the residence before moving to Canada with their two biological sons. Natalia was found a year later by the authorities and told them she had not seen the Barnetts since they moved to Canada. when questioned, Kristine claimed that she abandoned the girl because she was a "sociopath" who had tried to kill her on multiple occasions. Having adopted Natalia from Ukraine in 2010 at what she believed was the age of 8, she said she and Michael quickly realized that the girl was, in fact, an adult.

It was a plot straight from the 2009 psychological horror film 'Orphan,' where Isabelle Fuhrman's Russian persona Esther suffers from hypopituitarism, a rare hormonal disorder that stunted her physical growth and caused proportional dwarfism, leading to her posing as a nine-year-old girl to potential victims. "She [Natalia] would make statements and draw pictures saying she wanted to kill family members, roll them up in a blanket, and put them in the backyard," Kristine told the Daily Mail in an explosive interview. "She was standing over people in the middle of the night. You couldn't go to sleep. We had to hide all the sharp objects."

"I saw her putting chemicals, bleach, Windex something like that, in my coffee and I asked her, what are you doing? She said: 'I am trying to poison you,'" she continued. "The media is painting me to be a child abuser but there is no child here."

Asked why she believed Natalia was not a child, the 45-year-old revealed she had adult teeth, never grew a single inch, and had periods which she had tried to hide from her and Michael. "I was giving her a bath and I noticed that she had full pubic hair. I was so shocked. I had just been told she was a six-year-old and it was very apparent she wasn't," she said. "The doctors all confirmed she was suffering a severe psychological illness only diagnosed in adults," she added. "She was jumping out of moving cars. She was smearing blood on mirrors. She was doing things you could never imagine a little child doing."

It all came to a head during a 2012 birthday outing, which was when Natalia reportedly tried to push Kristine into an electric fence. She was subsequently placed long-term at a state-run psychiatric unit, where she is said to have confessed to being far older than she appeared and described her attempts to kill her family as "fun." In June 2012, the Barnetts successfully applied to Marion County Superior Court in Indianapolis, Indiana to have Natalia's age "corrected" so she could receive the appropriate psychiatric treatment for an adult. Judge Gerald S Zore accepted that the couple's allegations were 'true' and revised Natalia's date of birth to September 4, 1989 changing her age from eight to 22.

In a November 2019 interview with Dr. Phil, Natalia dismissed Kristine's claims and insisted she was still a child. She said she thought the Barnetts were the right family for her after she moved around a lot of homes but that notion was quickly proved wrong. "I'm 16," she stressed. "I was six years old when I came to the United States. I just know that a family came and visited me and after a while, they adopted me."

Natalia also denied all claims of trying to harm or kill the Barnetts or their children. She told Dr. Phil the poison claims were a misunderstanding while cleaning with Kristine and that the stabbing allegations were false as well because she would only have entered their bedroom at night if she had had a nightmare. A month after that interview, prosecutors filed more serious felony charges of neglect against Kristine and Michael for not getting Natalia needed medical treatment because of her dwarfism.

And as both have continued to protest their innocence, Kristine received some respite from a Tippecanoe County court ruling this past week that moved to dismiss charges stemming from allegations that Natalia was a minor. Tippecanoe Superior 2 Judge Steve Meyer pointed out on Friday, August 14, that some of the neglect charges against the Barnetts were based on Natalia's age from her Ukrainian records that said she was born in 2003. However, as per the 2012 Marion County Superior Court ruling that he does not have the authority to change, he said Natalia was not a child. He also noted that agents of the state had the opportunity to challenge the superior court's ruling several steps along the way of bringing the charges against the Barnetts but did not do so. "The record supports a conclusion that the state has had its fair share of 'bites at the apple," Meyer wrote. "(A)s a matter of law, she is an adult."

Following the ruling, Michael filed a motion to dismiss those charges against him as well, with his attorney, Terrance Kinnard, doing so on his behalf on Monday, August 17.

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Kristine Barnett: Indiana mum who abandoned 'adult' daughter who tried to kill her cleared of neglect charges - MEAWW

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Damaged cartilage can be treated through a technique called microfracture, in which tiny holes are drilled in the surface of a joint. The microfracture technique prompts the body to create new tissue in the joint, but the new tissue is not much like cartilage.

Microfracture results in what is called fibrocartilage, which is really more like scar tissue than natural cartilage, said Chan. It covers the bone and is better than nothing, but it doesnt have the bounce and elasticity of natural cartilage, and it tends to degrade relatively quickly.

The most recent research arose, in part, through the work of surgeon Matthew Murphy, PhD, a visiting researcher at Stanford who is now at the University of Manchester. I never felt anyone really understood how microfracture really worked, Murphy said. I realized the only way to understand the process was to look at what stem cells are doing after microfracture. Murphy is the lead author on the paper. Chan and Longaker are co-senior authors.

For a long time, Chan said, people assumed that adult cartilage did not regenerate after injury because the tissue did not have many skeletal stem cells that could be activated. Working in a mouse model, the team documented that microfracture did activate skeletal stem cells. Left to their own devices, however, those activated skeletal stem cells regenerated fibrocartilage in the joint.

But what if the healing process after microfracture could be steered toward development of cartilage and away from fibrocartilage? The researchers knew that as bone develops, cells must first go through a cartilage stage before turning into bone. They had the idea that they might encourage the skeletal stem cells in the joint to start along a path toward becoming bone, but stop the process at the cartilage stage.

The researchers used a powerful molecule called bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) to initiate bone formation after microfracture, but then stopped the process midway with a molecule that blocked another signaling molecule important in bone formation, called vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

What we ended up with was cartilage that is made of the same sort of cells as natural cartilage with comparable mechanical properties, unlike the fibrocartilage that we usually get, Chan said. It also restored mobility to osteoarthritic mice and significantly reduced their pain.

As a proof of principle that this might also work in humans, the researchers transferred human tissue into mice that were bred to not reject the tissue, and were able to show that human skeletal stem cells could be steered toward bone development but stopped at the cartilage stage.

The next stage of research is to conduct similar experiments in larger animals before starting human clinical trials. Murphy points out that because of the difficulty in working with very small mouse joints, there might be some improvements to the system they could make as they move into relatively larger joints.

The first human clinical trials might be for people who have arthritis in their fingers and toes. We might start with small joints, and if that works we would move up to larger joints like knees, Murphy says. Right now, one of the most common surgeries for arthritis in the fingers is to have the bone at the base of the thumb taken out. In such cases we might try this to save the joint, and if it doesnt work we just take out the bone as we would have anyway. Theres a big potential for improvement, and the downside is that we would be back to where we were before.

Longaker points out that one advantage of their discovery is that the main components of a potential therapy are approved as safe and effective by the FDA. BMP2 has already been approved for helping bone heal, and VEGF inhibitors are already used as anti-cancer therapies, Longaker said. This would help speed the approval of any therapy we develop.

Joint replacement surgery has revolutionized how doctors treat arthritis and is very common: By age 80, 1 in 10 people will have a hip replacement and 1 in 20 will have a knee replaced. But such joint replacement is extremely invasive, has a limited lifespan and is performed only after arthritis hits and patients endure lasting pain. The researchers say they can envision a time when people are able to avoid getting arthritis in the first place by rejuvenating their cartilage in their joints before it is badly degraded.

One idea is to follow a Jiffy Lube model of cartilage replenishment, Longaker said. You dont wait for damage to accumulate you go in periodically and use this technique to boost your articular cartilage before you have a problem.

Longaker is the Deane P. and Louise Mitchell Professor in the School of Medicine and co-director of the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Chan is a member of the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Stanford Immunology.

Other Stanford scientist taking part in the research were professor of pathology Irving Weissman, MD, the Virginia and D. K. Ludwig Professor in Clinical Investigation in Cancer Research; professor of surgery Stuart B. Goodman, MD, the Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor in Surgery; associate professor of orthopaedic surgery Fan Yang, PhD; professor of surgery Derrick C. Wan, MD; instructor in orthopaedic surgery Xinming Tong, PhD; postdoctoral research fellow Thomas H. Ambrosi, PhD; visiting postdoctoral scholar Liming Zhao, MD; life science research professionals Lauren S. Koepke and Holly Steininger; MD/PhD student Gunsagar S. Gulati, PhD; graduate student Malachia Y. Hoover; former student Owen Marecic; former medical student Yuting Wang, MD; and scanning probe microscopy laboratory manager Marcin P. Walkiewicz, PhD.

The research was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grants R00AG049958, R01 DE027323, R56 DE025597, R01 DE026730, R01 DE021683, R21 DE024230, U01HL099776, U24DE026914, R21 DE019274, NIGMS K08GM109105, NIH R01GM123069 and NIH1R01AR071379), the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, the Oak Foundation, the Pitch Johnson Fund, the Gunn/Olivier Research Fund, the Stinehart/Reed Foundation, The Siebel Foundation, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the German Research Foundation, the PSRF National Endowment, National Center for Research Resources, the Prostate Cancer Research Foundation, the American Federation of Aging Research and the Arthritis National Research Foundation.

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Researchers find method to regrow cartilage in the joints - Stanford Medical Center Report

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

HIV monotherapy trials update: 215 patients completed almost one year of monotherapy. Only some were allowed to continue in extension arm; five patients reached almost 6 years. Twenty-five reached 2 to 4 years and 20 patients are 1 to 2 years

VANCOUVER, Washington, Aug. 17, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- CytoDyn Inc. (OTC.QB: CYDY), (CytoDyn or the Company"), a late-stage biotechnology company gives full update on all of its HIV programs.

HIV CureThe HIV co-receptor CCR5 has proven to be a key molecule in mediating HIV remission. The only two individuals functionally cured of HIV, one from London and the other from Berlin, received allogeneic stem cell transplantations from CCR5-deficient donors. However, because it is extremely rare to find a stem cell donor who lacks CCR5 and meets stringent MHC matching criteria, such an approach is unfeasible to cure HIV on a larger scale. CytoDyn believes its CCR5 blocking antibody, leronlimab, could be used in the setting of allogeneic stem cell transplantation to functionally convert a stem cell graft from a wildtype CCR5 stem cell donor into one from a CCR5 deficient donor, and thereby functionally cure the recipient of HIV.

CytoDyn plans to test this theory in a pilot clinical trial of five HIV patients with cancer who require bone marrow transplantation. Leronlimab will be used during the peri-transplant period to mimic a CCR5 deficient donor in order to achieve HIV cure.

HIV PrEPAs presented at the AIDS 2020 Virtual Conference, a pre-clinical study in the macaque model of HIV sexual transmission demonstrated leronlimab can prevent infection by blocking HIVs access to the CCR5 co-receptor. This protection is similar to that seen in individuals naturally CCR5 deficient and forms the rationale for use in HIV cure. CytoDyn believes leronlimab could be a once-a-month self-injectable, subcutaneous treatment for HIV PrEP and is in discussions with potential organizations to fund its next trial in HIV PrEP.

MonotherapySignificantly, for the first time documented, of the 49 HIV patients who stopped their HIV medications and used leronlimab as a monotherapy, 25 have been in monotherapy trial for two to four years and five patients for nearly or over six years. Monotherapy was successful for some of these patients by switching from 350 mg to a higher dose of 525 mg or 700 mg. The number of participants in the extension groups was limited due to costs.

The Company will submit manuscripts for two publications in regards to its findings.

Nader Pourhassan, Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer of CytoDyn, stated, We now have four paths forward for use of leronlimab in the HIV indication for different populations. The first path is a combination therapy where we successfully completed a Phase 3 trial with statistically significant p value for our primary endpoint. CytoDyn is awaiting a Type A meeting with the FDA for this treatment. Second is our monotherapy; we will discuss the potential approval path for label expansion at the time of our Type A meeting. Third is our PrEP study to examine the use of leronlimab for once-a-month self-injection for HIV prevention. Our fourth path is an HIV-Cure, where 5 patients will be put to test to duplicate the Berlin and London patients HIV functional cure.

About Leronlimab (PRO 140)The FDA has granted a Fast Track designation to CytoDyn for two potential indications of leronlimab for critical illnesses.

The first as a combination therapy with HAART for HIV-infected patients and the second is for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.Leronlimab is an investigational humanized IgG4 mAb that blocks CCR5, a cellular receptor that is important in HIV infection, tumor metastases, and other diseases, including NASH.Leronlimab has completed nine clinical trials in over 800 people and met its primary endpoints in a pivotal Phase 3 trial (leronlimab in combination with standard antiretroviral therapies in HIV-infected treatment-experienced patients).

In the setting of HIV/AIDS, leronlimab is a viral-entry inhibitor; it masks CCR5, thus protecting healthy T cells from viral infection by blocking the predominant HIV (R5) subtype from entering those cells. Leronlimab has been the subject of nine clinical trials, each of which demonstrated that leronlimab could significantly reduce or control HIV viral load in humans. The leronlimab antibody appears to be a powerful antiviral agent leading to potentially fewer side effects and less frequent dosing requirements compared with daily drug therapies currently in use.

In the setting of cancer, research has shown that CCR5 may play a role in tumor invasion, metastases, and tumor microenvironment control. Increased CCR5 expression is an indicator of disease status in several cancers. Published studies have shown that blocking CCR5 can reduce tumor metastases in laboratory and animal models of aggressive breast and prostate cancer. Leronlimab reduced human breast cancer metastasis by more than 98% in a murine xenograft model. CytoDyn is, therefore, conducting aPhase 1b/2 human clinical trial in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer and was granted Fast Track designation in May 2019.

The CCR5 receptor appears to play a central role in modulating immune cell trafficking to sites of inflammation. It may be crucial in the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and other inflammatory conditions. Clinical studies by others further support the concept that blocking CCR5 using a chemical inhibitor can reduce the clinical impact of acute GvHD without significantly affecting the engraftment of transplanted bone marrow stem cells. CytoDyn is currently conducting a Phase 2 clinical study with leronlimab to support further the concept that the CCR5 receptor on engrafted cells is critical for the development of acute GvHD, blocking the CCR5 receptor from recognizing specific immune signaling molecules is a viable approach to mitigating acute GvHD. The FDA has granted orphan drug designation to leronlimab for the prevention of GvHD.

About CytoDynCytoDyn is a late-stage biotechnology company developing innovative treatments for multiple therapeutic indications based on leronlimab, a novel humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the CCR5 receptor. CCR5 appears to play a critical role in the ability of HIV to enter and infect healthy T-cells.The CCR5 receptor also appears to be implicated in tumor metastasis and immune-mediated illnesses, such as GvHD and NASH.

CytoDyn has successfully completed a Phase 3 pivotal trial with leronlimab in combination with standard antiretroviral therapies in HIV-infected treatment-experienced patients. The Company has requested a Type A meeting with the FDA to discuss the FDAs request for additional information in order to resubmit its Biologics License Application for this HIV combination therapy.

CytoDyn is also conducting a Phase 3 investigative trial with leronlimab as a once-weekly monotherapy for HIV-infected patients. CytoDyn plans to initiate a registration-directed study of leronlimab monotherapy indication. If successful, it could support a label extension. Clinical results to date from multiple trials have shown that leronlimab can significantly reduce viral burden in people infected with HIV. No drug-related serious site injection reactions reported in about 800 patients treated with leronlimab and no drug-related SAEs reported in patients treated with 700 mg dose of leronlimab. Moreover, a Phase 2b clinical trial demonstrated that leronlimab monotherapy can prevent viral escape in HIV-infected patients; some patients on leronlimab monotherapy have remained virally suppressed for more than five years.

CytoDyn is also conducting a Phase 2 trial to evaluate leronlimab for the prevention of GvHD and a Phase 1b/2 clinical trial with leronlimab in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. More information is atwww.cytodyn.com.

Forward-Looking StatementsThis press releasecontains certain forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Words and expressions reflecting optimism, satisfaction or disappointment with current prospects, as well as words such as believes, hopes, intends, estimates, expects, projects, plans, anticipates and variations thereof, or the use of future tense, identify forward-looking statements, but their absence does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Forward-looking statements specifically include statements about leronlimab, its ability to have positive health outcomes, the possible results of clinical trials, studies or other programs or ability to continue those programs, the ability to obtain regulatory approval for commercial sales, and the market for actual commercial sales. The Companys forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance, and actual results could vary materially from those contained in or expressed by such statements due to risks and uncertainties including: (i)the sufficiency of the Companys cash position, (ii)the Companys ability to raise additional capital to fund its operations, (iii) the Companys ability to meet its debt obligations, if any, (iv)the Companys ability to enter into partnership or licensing arrangements with third parties, (v)the Companys ability to identify patients to enroll in its clinical trials in a timely fashion, (vi)the Companys ability to achieve approval of a marketable product, (vii)the design, implementation and conduct of the Companys clinical trials, (viii)the results of the Companys clinical trials, including the possibility of unfavorable clinical trial results, (ix)the market for, and marketability of, any product that is approved, (x)the existence or development of vaccines, drugs, or other treatments that are viewed by medical professionals or patients as superior to the Companys products, (xi)regulatory initiatives, compliance with governmental regulations and the regulatory approval process, (xii)general economic and business conditions, (xiii)changes in foreign, political, and social conditions, and (xiv)various other matters, many of which are beyond the Companys control. The Company urges investors to consider specifically the various risk factors identified in its most recent Form10-K, and any risk factors or cautionary statements included in any subsequent Form10-Q or Form8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Except as required by law, the Company does not undertake any responsibility to update any forward-looking statements to take into account events or circumstances that occur after the date of this press release.

CYTODYN CONTACTSInvestors:Michael MulhollandOffice: 360.980.8524, ext. 102Mobile: 503.341.3514mmulholland@cytodyn.com

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CytoDyn Will Attempt to Duplicate Berlin and London Patients' HIV Cure by Using Leronlimab During Bone Marrow Transplant for 5 HIV Patients Who also...

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XconomyNew York

An FDA advisory committee Thursday voted 9-1 to recommend that the agency approve a stem cell therapy developed by MesoBlast as a treatment for acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in children. The panel weighed the need for a new way to address the potentially fatal condition against shortcomings of the clinical trial the Australian biotech conducted to evaluate the investigational cell therapy.

Shares in (NASDAQ: MESO), which fell more than 30 percent earlier in the week after the FDA released briefing documents ahead of the committees meeting, closed up 51 percent Friday at $17.88 apiece compared to $11.81 at market close Wednesday. (Trading was halted on Thursday.)

The MesoBlast cell therapy, remestemcel-L (Ryoncil), is made from mesenchymal cells taken from healthy donors. The properties of these cells, which dont prompt an immune reaction, allow them to be used as an off-the-shelf treatment without accompanying immunosuppressants that put patients at greater risk for infection, among other side effects.

Some patients with blood cancer are treated with a stem cell transplant, in which cells from a healthy donor are infused into their bloodstream with the intent that those cells will travel to the bone marrow and form new healthy blood cells. Frequently, however, when donors are unrelated, their cells identify the recipients as foreign, prompting them to attack organs and tissues. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids can help control the severity of the condition. But in up to 90 percent of aGVHD patients who dont respond to steroid treatment, the condition can prove fatal.

MesoBlasts submission was based on a clinical trial that enrolled 55 children age 2 months to 17 years who had received a transplant of bone marrow, peripheral blood stem cells, or cord blood, were diagnosed with aGVDH and werent responding to steroid therapy. The study tracked their responses to remestemcel on day 28. Overall, 70 percent of the patients responded, including 76 percent of the 25 patients whose condition was graded as most severe. On day 100, 74 percent of patients remained alive; on day 180, 69 percent.

However, the trial was neither randomized nor controlled, raising concerns of confounding factors and potential bias. MesoBlast said investigators werent willing to enroll children in such a trial. But the company said randomization and controlled design would be incorporated into a planned post-marketing study in adults.

In previous clinical trials in wider patient populations, the treatment missed the primary goal. Analyses of results from those earlier trials prompted MesoBlasts decision to focus the drugs further development to steroid-refractory pediatric patients. In its presentation to the advisory panel the company said the remestemcel manufacturing process has been improved since those trials in ways that have made the treatment more potent.

The panel voted on whether MesoBlast provided enough clinical data to show that its therapy was effective in treating aGVHD in this narrower group. Panelist Christian Hinrichs, a clinical researcher at the National Cancer Institute and physician by training, was the sole no vote. Nine panelists felt the available data did indicate efficacy. (The committee recorded the tally as 8-2, but a MesoBlast representative said one no vote was made in error.)

I do think that the two prior randomized trials convincingly show that the [earlier version of remestemcel], at least in the population that was being studied, which is similar but not the same, clearly did not have meaningful activity, Hinrichs said. So, you know, do we think that these tweaks to the manufacturing have suddenly made it highly effective, and the change in patient population has suddenly made it highly effective?

Jorge Garcia, division chief of solid tumor oncology at University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center in Cleveland, however, said while it isnt clear how the treatment compares to other drugs used to treat patients with the condition, the data indicate it is safe and has shown some efficacy.

In May 2019 an Incyte (NASDAQ: INCY) treatment, ruxolitinib (Jakafi), became the first FDA-approved treatment for patients with aGVHD who didnt responded to steroid therapy. Ruxolitinib was OKd for patients starting at age 12. But no treatment is approved for those younger.

Although the FDA considers advisory panel recommendations during drug reviews, committee recommendations are not binding, and the agency doesnt always follow them. Its decision on remestemcel is anticipated by Septembers end.

Image: iStock/Yarygin

Sarah de Crescenzo is an Xconomy editor based in San Diego. You can reach her at sdecrescenzo@xconomy.com.

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Advisory Body Backs MesoBlast Therapy for Transplant Complication - Xconomy

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Expectant parents have so many decisions to make before and after their childs birth. Until recently, decisions related to the Umbilical cord blood banking werent one of those.

Back then, the umbilical cord was merely discarded after the birth of the child. Lately, expectant parents are increasingly considering new ways of handling the umbilical cord and the cord blood since new research is beginning to reveal the usefulness of these items.

Cord Blood Explained

The term Cord Blood refers to the type of blood found within the placenta as well as the umbilical cord of a baby. It is usually acquired from the babys umbilical cord after being birthed. The cord blood, as well as its tissues, has an ample amount of stem cells and other important cells. Due to its biological and chemical properties, it is now considered a life-saving treatment for various health conditions.

For instance, some medical experts now say that cord blood is useful for treating over 80 health conditions and disorders. Another game-changing element to it is its usefulness for conditions that require bone marrow transplant. Also, stem cells from the cord blood rarely carry infectious diseases, unlike those found in the bone marrow. This means that stem cells from the cord blood are less likely to be rejected when used for treatment.

Some of the health conditions that the cord blood can help in treating include tumors, cancer, immune deficiencies and disorders, genetic diseases, and blood disorders. Particularly, the stem cells in cord blood can help treat anemia, lymphoma, leukemia, diabetes, cerebral palsy, autism, and the like. With these numerous health benefits, it is no wonder that expectant parents now want to store their newborns cord blood. This means that storing the cord blood for future use might be worth it.

Handling Cord Blood

In todays medical setup, parents have the option of discarding, donating, or storing their newborns cord blood. Whatever the decision made, there is no right or wrong one. On the one hand, if the parents agree to discard their childs umbilical cord and everything that accompanies it, then thats fine. On the other hand, they can also decide to store the childs cord blood in a private cord blood bank.

Storage involves fees, of course. But the advantage of storing it is that the parents can request access to it later if needed. The parents can also decide to donate their childs cord blood to public cord blood banks for future patients or medical research.

There are two methods of cord blood banking. They are:

You can decide to store your childs cord blood in a commercial cord blood bank for later use by your child or other family members. Storing in private cord blood banks can be expensive, especially at the initial stage. Whether youre storing just the cord blood or the cord blood and tissues, expect nothing less than between USD$500 and USD$2,500 for the initial processing charges. In addition, youd still have to pay an annual storage renewal fee of somewhere between USD$100 and USD$300.

Some specialists believe that spending thousands of dollars to store cord blood in a private bank isnt worth it. This is because theres a slim probability that the child who owns the cord blood will need it. First, the child might not have a condition that warrants the use of the blood. Besides, if the child has a health condition that requires stem cell treatment, its most likely that the stem cells in the cord blood would contain the same genetic defects that are now causing the health problem. This means that the child cant make use of the cord blood.

However, it doesnt necessarily mean that it becomes useless. In case other siblings had their cord blood stored as well, the afflicted child can use theirs instead because theres a higher chance that their blood would match. Also, other complications that accompany having a third-party blood donor would be out of the way.

Unlike private cord banks, you wont be charged any fee for storage in a public cord blood bank. Theres no need for any payment because instead of the blood being stored for your personal use, the cord blood is being donated to the bank.

The beauty of this choice is that the cord blood is made available to individuals who need it. Most people prefer this option than storing for personal use since no financial commitment is involved. Moreover, if you or your family members later need cord blood, you could get cord blood donations as well.

Conclusion

Just like there are two sides to a coin, the decision whether storing your childs cord blood is worth it or not is dependent on diverse factors, most of which are beyond your control. Before choosing to discard, store, or donate your childs cord blood, try to consult your doctor first. Your doctor will guide you on how to handle the cord blood. Otherwise, if you dont have any problem with the financial commitments, then having umbilical cord blood when it is needed is definitely worth it!

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Umbilical cord blood banking: Is it worth it? - mtltimes.ca

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

New Jersey, United States,- This detailed market research covers the growth potential of the Stem Cell Therapy Market, which can help stakeholders understand the key trends and prospects of the Stem Cell Therapy market and identify growth opportunities and competitive scenarios. The report also focuses on data from other primary and secondary sources and is analyzed using a variety of tools. This will help investors better understand the growth potential of the market and help investors identify scope and opportunities. This analysis also provides details for each segment of the global Stem Cell Therapy market.

The report was touted as the most recent event hitting the market due to the COVID-19 outbreak. This outbreak brought about a dynamic change in the industry and the overall economic scenario. This report covers the analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on market growth and revenue. The report also provides an in-depth analysis of the current and future impacts of the pandemic and post-COVID-19 scenario analysis.

The report covers extensive analysis of the key market players in the market, along with their business overview, expansion plans, and strategies. The key players studied in the report include:

The market is further segmented on the basis of types and end-user applications. The report also provides an estimation of the segment expected to lead the market in the forecast years. Detailed segmentation of the market based on types and applications along with historical data and forecast estimation is offered in the report.

Furthermore, the report provides an extensive analysis of the regional segmentation of the market. The regional analysis covers product development, sales, consumption trends, regional market share, and size in each region. The market analysis segment covers forecast estimation of the market share and size in the key geographical regions.

The report further studies the segmentation of the market based on product types offered in the market and their end-use/applications.

1.Stem Cell Therapy Market, By Cell Source:

Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cord Blood/Embryonic Stem Cells Other Cell Sources

2.Stem Cell Therapy Market, By Therapeutic Application:

Musculoskeletal Disorders Wounds and Injuries Cardiovascular Diseases Surgeries Gastrointestinal Diseases Other Applications

3.Stem Cell Therapy Market, By Type:

Allogeneic Stem Cell Therapy Market, By Application Musculoskeletal Disorders Wounds and Injuries Surgeries Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (AGVHD) Other Applications Autologous Stem Cell Therapy Market, By Application Cardiovascular Diseases Wounds and Injuries Gastrointestinal Diseases Other Applications

On the basis of regional segmentation, the market is bifurcated into major regions ofNorth America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa.The regional analysis further covers country-wise bifurcation of the market and key players.

The research report offered by Verified Market Research provides an updated insight into the global Stem Cell Therapy market. The report covers an in-depth analysis of the key trends and emerging drivers of the market likely to influence industry growth. Additionally, the report covers market characteristics, competitive landscape, market size and growth, regional breakdown, and strategies for this market.

Highlights of the TOC of the Stem Cell Therapy Report:

Overview of the Global Stem Cell Therapy Market

Market competition by Players and Manufacturers

Competitive landscape

Production, revenue estimation by types and applications

Regional analysis

Industry chain analysis

Global Stem Cell Therapy market forecast estimation

This Stem Cell Therapy report umbrellas vital elements such as market trends, share, size, and aspects that facilitate the growth of the companies operating in the market to help readers implement profitable strategies to boost the growth of their business. This report also analyses the expansion, market size, key segments, market share, application, key drivers, and restraints.

Key Questions Addressed in the Report:

What are the key driving and restraining factors of the global Stem Cell Therapy market?

What is the concentration of the market, and is it fragmented or highly concentrated?

What are the major challenges and risks the companies will have to face in the market?

Which segment and region are expected to dominate the market in the forecast period?

What are the latest and emerging trends of the Stem Cell Therapy market?

What is the expected growth rate of the Stem Cell Therapy market in the forecast period?

What are the strategic business plans and steps were taken by key competitors?

Which product type or application segment is expected to grow at a significant rate during the forecast period?

What are the factors restraining the growth of the Stem Cell Therapy market?

Thank you for reading our report. The report is available for customization based on chapters or regions. Please get in touch with us to know more about customization options, and our team will ensure you get the report tailored according to your requirements.

About us:

Verified Market Research is a leading Global Research and Consulting firm servicing over 5000+ customers. Verified Market Research provides advanced analytical research solutions while offering information enriched research studies. We offer insight into strategic and growth analyses, Data necessary to achieve corporate goals, and critical revenue decisions.

Our 250 Analysts and SMEs offer a high level of expertise in data collection and governance use industrial techniques to collect and analyze data on more than 15,000 high impact and niche markets. Our analysts are trained to combine modern data collection techniques, superior research methodology, expertise, and years of collective experience to produce informative and accurate research.

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Stem Cell Therapy Market Size and Growth By Leading Vendors, By Types and Application, By End Users and Forecast to 2027 - Bulletin Line

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Newswise HACKENSACK, N.J.,AUGUST 17, 2020 U.S. News & World Report has recognized John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center as the best cancer center in New Jersey. The recognition reflects the extraordinary strength of its comprehensive patient care, research and education programs.

In 2019, John Theurer Cancer Center became a member of the National Cancer Institute-approved Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Consortium, making the Cancer Center a member of one of just 16 cancer consortia based at the nation's most prestigious institutions. The NCI endorses such consortia to bring together accomplished institutionswith independently proven records of excellence to join forces in pursuit of the NCI's original mission: improving cancer outcomes through scientific discovery, reducing the impact of cancer on individuals and communities and diminishing cancer disparities, and developing the next generation of cancer scientists, clinicians and educators.

John Theurer Cancer Center is organized into 16 specialized divisions, each led by a recognized expert in the field. With a strong focus on clinical science and innovation, John Theurer Cancer Center investigators were directly involved in the development of more than 40 new anticancer agents approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration over the last three yearsparticularly for blood cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, as well as solid tumors through Phase I first-in-human clinical trials.

"Our multidisciplinary team cares for patients with cancers of every type and stage in a highly subspecialized environment," said Robert C. Garrett, FACHE, CEO, Hackensack Meridian Health. "Our commitment to cancer is reflective of our approach to everything we do: to provide the most advanced health care services based on the latest findings of medical research in a compassionate, culturally sensitive setting. It is an honor for us to be recognized as the top cancer center in our state."

"Our exceptional team is proud to be recognized as the top cancer program in New Jersey. The scope and depth of expertise, together with our focus on clinical science and innovation, are what make our Cancer Center a destination program, explained Andre Goy, M.D., M.S., chair and chief physician of John Theurer Cancer Center, Lymphoma Division chief, physician-in-chief of the Hackensack Meridian Health Oncology Care Transformation Service, and a renowned lymphoma expert who led the Cancer Center's participation in the pioneering ZUMA-2 study. "Understandably, every person who receives a diagnosis of cancer seeks the center with the most experience and the best innovation. This is why patients come to John Theurer Cancer Center. We take care of each patient in a compassionate and friendly environment, and that's what makes our patients smile.

A number of metrics support that successful track record:

This recognition as the state's best cancer center reflects the strength of our research, the dedication of our multidisciplinary team, and the expertise of our physicians," said Ihor Sawczuk, MD, FACS, Hackensack Meridian Health regional president, Northern Market and chief research officer. We are grateful to our patients who have trusted us with their care and who continually inspire us to provide the best possible experience.

For more information, please contact Katherine Emmanouilidis, Director, Communications & Public Relations, 551-996-3764.

About Hackensack Meridian Health Hackensack University Medical Center

Hackensack Meridian Health Hackensack University Medical Center, a 781-bed nonprofit teaching and research hospital located in Bergen County, NJ, is the largest provider of inpatient and outpatient services in the state. Founded in 1888 as the countys first hospital, it is now part of the largest, most comprehensive and truly integrated health care network in New Jersey, offering a complete range of medical services, innovative research and life-enhancing care, which is comprised of 35,000 team members and more than 7,000 physicians. Hackensack University Medical Center is ranked #2 in New Jersey and #59 in the country in U.S. News & World Reports 2019-20 Best Hospital rankings and is ranked high-performing in the U.S. in colon cancer surgery,lung cancersurgery,COPD, heart failure, heart bypass surgery, aortic valve surgery,abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, knee replacement and hip replacement. Out of 4,500 hospitals evaluated, Hackensack is one of only 57 that received a top rating in all nine procedures and conditions. Hackensack University Medical Center is one of only five major academic medical centers in the nation to receive Healthgrades Americas 50 Best Hospitals Award for five or more years in a row. Beckers Hospital Review recognized Hackensack University Medical Center as one of the 100 Great Hospitals in America 2018. The medical center is one of the top 25 green hospitals in the country according to Practice Greenhealth, and received 28 Gold Seals of Approval by The Joint Commission more than any other hospital in the country. It was the first hospital in New Jersey and second in the nation to become a Magnet recognized hospital for nursing excellence; receiving its sixth consecutive designation in 2019. Hackensack University Medical Center has created an entire campus of award-winning care, including: John Theurer Cancer Center, a consortium member of the NCI-designated Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center; the Heart & Vascular Hospital; and the Sarkis and Siran Gabrellian Womens and Childrens Pavilion, which houses the Joseph M. Sanzari Childrens Hospital and Donna A. Sanzari Womens Hospital, which was designed with The Deirdre Imus Environmental Health Center and listed on the Green Guides list of Top 10 Green Hospitals in the U.S. Hackensack University Medical Center is the Hometown Hospital of the New York Giants and the New York Red Bulls and is Official Medical Services Provider to THE NORTHERN TRUST PGA Golf Tournament. It remains committed to its community through fundraising and community events especially the Tackle Kids Cancer Campaign providing much needed research at the Childrens Cancer Institute housed at the Joseph M. Sanzari Childrens Hospital. To learn more, visit http://www.HackensackUMC.org.

About John Theurer Cancer Center atHackensack University Medical Center

John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center is New Jerseys largest and most comprehensive center dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment, management, research, screenings, and preventive care as well as survivorship of patients with all types of cancers. The 16 specialized divisions covering the complete spectrum of cancer care have developed a close-knit team of medical, research, nursing, and support staff with specialized expertise that translates into more advanced, focused care for all patients. Each year, more people in the New Jersey/New York metropolitan area turn to John Theurer Cancer Center for cancer care than to any other facility in New Jersey.John Theurer Cancer Center is amember of the Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Consortium,one of just 16 NCI-approved cancer research consortiabased at the nations most prestigious institutions. Housed within a 775-bed not-for-profit teaching, tertiary care, and research hospital, John Theurer Cancer Center provides state-of-the-art technological advances, compassionate care, research innovations, medical expertise, and a full range of aftercare services that distinguish John Theurer Cancer Center from other facilities.For additional information, please visitwww.jtcancercenter.org

ABOUTHACKENSACKMERIDIAN HEALTH

Hackensack Meridian Health is a leading not-for-profit health care organization that is the largest, most comprehensive and truly integrated health care network in New Jersey, offering a complete range of medical services, innovative research and life-enhancing care.

Hackensack Meridian Health comprises 17 hospitals from Bergen to Ocean counties, which includes three academic medical centers Hackensack University Medical Center in Hackensack, Jersey Shore University Medical Center in Neptune, JFK Medical Center in Edison; two childrens hospitals - Joseph M. Sanzari Childrens Hospital in Hackensack, K. Hovnanian Childrens Hospital in Neptune; nine community hospitals Bayshore Medical Center in Holmdel, Mountainside Medical Center in Montclair, Ocean Medical Center in Brick, Palisades Medical Center in North Bergen, Pascack Valley Medical Center in Westwood, Raritan Bay Medical Center in Old Bridge, Raritan Bay Medical Center in Perth Amboy, Riverview Medical Center in Red Bank, and Southern Ocean Medical Center in Manahawkin; a behavioral health hospital Carrier Clinic in Belle Mead; and two rehabilitation hospitals - JFK Johnson Rehabilitation Institute in Edison and Shore Rehabilitation Institute in Brick.

Additionally, the network has more than 500 patient care locations throughout the state which include ambulatory care centers, surgery centers, home health services, long-term care and assisted living communities, ambulance services, lifesaving air medical transportation, fitness and wellness centers, rehabilitation centers, urgent care centers and physician practice locations. Hackensack Meridian Health has more than 36,000 team members, and 7,000 physicians and is a distinguished leader in health care philanthropy, committed to the health and well-being of the communities it serves.

The networks notable distinctions include having four of its hospitals are among the top hospitals in New Jersey for 2020-21, according toU.S. News & World Report. Additionally, the health system has more top-ranked hospitals than any system in New Jersey. Childrens Health is again ranked a top provider of pediatric health care in the United States and earned top 50 rankings in the annual U.S. News 2020-21 Best Childrens Hospitals report. Other honors include consistently achieving Magnet recognition for nursing excellence from the American Nurses Credentialing Center and being named to Beckers Healthcares 150 Top Places to Work in Healthcare/2019 list.

The Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, the first private medical school in New Jersey in more than 50 years, welcomed its first class of students in 2018 to its On3 campus in Nutley and Clifton. The Hackensack Meridian Center for Discovery and Innovation (CDI), housed in a fully renovated state-of-the-art facility, seeks to translate current innovations in science to improve clinical outcomes for patients with cancer, infectious diseases and other life-threatening and disabling conditions.

Additionally, the network partnered with Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center to find more cures for cancer faster while ensuring that patients have access to the highest quality, most individualized cancer care when and where they need it.

Hackensack Meridian Health is a member of AllSpire Health Partners, an interstate consortium of leading health systems, to focus on the sharing of best practices in clinical care and achieving efficiencies.

To learn more, visit http://www.hackensackmeridianhealth.org.

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Hackensack University Medical Center Has the Best Cancer Center in New Jersey John Theurer Cancer Center recognized by U.S. News & World Report -...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Executive Summary

Leading foundations that are seeking breakthroughs in curing diseases requires a specific approach. Often, such organizations are founded and led by patients with their disease or their loved ones. But while passion and urgency are important, they are not enough. They must articulate and live the strategy. And they must stay current with the science.

Nicola Mendelsohn, an accomplished advertising industry executive who leads Facebook in Europe. Lynn OConnor Vos, a pediatric-nurse-turned-communications guru. Michael Milken, a financier with a penchant for philanthropy. What do they have in common? Theyre leading progress towards curing very specific diseases: follicular lymphoma, muscular dystrophy, and prostate cancer.

At the Harvard Business School Kraft Precision Medicine Accelerator, our mission is to identify ways to accelerate cures. Over the past four years, weve studied cure-seeking organizations and identified that a groups success hinges on three critical success factors: the development of a comprehensive strategy, the establishment of the right leader and leadership team, and the deployment of a sustainable funding model.

In a previous HBR piece, we talked strategy, articulating the challenges that cure-seeking organizations face and how to build a plan to overcome those obstacles. But to bring your strategy from ideation into reality, you need the right leader (or leadership team) who can execute the strategy and drive results.

Across the entire nonprofit sector, more than 80% of organizations struggle with leadership. Leading an organization toward breakthroughs and eventually, cures is even more difficult. Often, cure-seeking organizations are founded by the people with the most pressing needs for progress: patients and their loved ones. But while passion and urgency are important, leaders must understand the complex health care system and have strong business acumen in order to accelerate progress. They must also be able to work within an ecosystem that is vast and growing one that includes clinicians, researchers, payers, data scientists, technologists, patient advocates and more.

Thats a lot to ask of one person or a small team, and its why so many organizations grapple with having the right leadership. By observing a broad array of leaders, weve seen where some fall short and have identified three key consistent approaches that successful leaders follow that allow them to accelerate cures.

1. Live the strategy. Leaders must guide the organization in deciding on the strategy, prioritize and resource the strategy, relentlessly communicate the strategy, and live the strategy each day.

Living the strategy means using it as the basis for making decisions and prioritizing key initiatives. Less effective foundation leaders often have difficulty saying no; they can be indecisive, seeking to please all stakeholder and donors. More effective leaders keep their eye on the prize of accelerating cures. They realize that not every good idea fits with the organizations strategy and not every goal can be accomplished simultaneously. Consequently, successful nonprofit leaders determine which programs require immediate focus and are adept at keeping their team concentrated on these goals.

Effective leaders also live the strategy by constantly communicating it internally and externally. Strategic communication begins within the organization, meaning that the leader ensures the entire team understands the strategic goals and timelines for deliverables. All communication is grounded in strategy.

Its also crucial for an organizations leader to communicate the vision and strategy externally whether through meetings, speaking engagements, public relations, or social media. Conferences such as the J.P. Morgan Healthcare Conference and the Milken Institutes Future of Health Summit convene many of the most successful organizations in one place, which provides a platform for leaders to network, share their missions, and lay the groundwork for future partnerships and investments.

2. Surround yourself with experts. Most leaders of cure-seeking foundations realize that their foundation acting alone will not produce a cure. A cure will only be developed by orchestrating a focused ecosystem. Less effective leaders try to have the organization do too much internally, dont engage the right experts or partners, and dont precisely define each players scope of work. In contrast, effective leaders define the experts and partners the organization needs and engage in thorough due diligence and careful contracting to choose the right partners and put proper incentives in place.

In creating the right team and ecosystem, the most successful CEOs build a leadership group of experts with diverse skill sets and backgrounds. This includes medical, data and technology, fundraising, and marketing and communication experts. But since hiring the right talent can be challenging for revenue-constrained organizations, leaders must find creative ways to engage outside experts their organizations need. These outside experts include:

A well-designed advisory board. As youd expect, the most effective advisory boards weve observed have members who are medical and scientific experts. But they also include business leaders and technologists who can advise on a broader array of issues such as optimal clinical-trial design, the best ways to enroll patients, and new funding models. People will be motivated to join such boards when they are well run and when all participants are motivated to cure this specific disease.

Consultants. They can be extremely valuable in strategy development and business planning.

External partners for specific tasks. For example, one leading foundation has outsourced work to a partner focused on science and biopsies, another that pulls data from electronic medical records, and yet another with analytics expertise. This organization has also partnered with a firm for phlebotomy to gather blood samples from patients at their homes and a public relations agency to generate attention around new initiatives. Each partner has been chosen for its expertise in specific area and contracts have been negotiated with great attention to detail. While this may sound obvious to business leaders, nonprofit foundations dont always use such processes.

3. Stay current and connected to the relevant science. Leaders of disease-focused organizations must constantly be attuned to the entire cure-seeking ecosystem and landscape and to scientific developments related to their specific disease. With science and technology evolving at an increasingly rapid pace, so, too, are new opportunities for innovations and breakthroughs. Some of these innovations happen outside of your immediate disease space; leaders who have a broad view of the landscape will spot opportunities earlier.

For example, recent advancements in gene therapy are showing enormous potential to change the way we treat diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, and Huntingtons. To be an early mover, a leader must ensure their foundation stays abreast of such advancements by constantly engaging with other organizations that are working towards cures including academic medical centers, pharmaceutical companies, and technology startups. This will help a leader and his or her foundation assess the potential benefits and risks surrounding such innovations and determine if and when to invest the organizations resources in supporting it.

For traditional nonprofit foundations, where the main activities are to support patients and engage in advocacy, organizations can be run by good managers with operational and executional skills. But foundations that truly aspire to drive cures require skilled strategic leaders. These bold leaders must be able to develop and articulate a clear strategy, must have the discipline to execute the strategy in a world with numerous distractions, and must be able to form and orchestrate an aligned, collaborative ecosystem with the right experts and partners.

With the right strategy and the leadership, disease-focused foundations give themselves the best possible chance to fulfill their mission and develop life-saving cures for patients.

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What It Takes to Lead a Disease Research Foundation - Harvard Business Review

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

An Overview of the Impact of COVID-19 on the Gene Therapy Market:

The pandemic of COVID-19 continues to expand and impact over 175 countries and territories. Although the outbreak appears to have slowed in China, COVID-19 has impacted globally. The pandemic could affect three main aspects of the global economy: production, supply chain, and firms, and financial markets. National governments have announced largely uncoordinated, country-specific responses to the virus. As authorities encourage social distancing and consumers stay indoors, several businesses are hit. However, coherent, coordinated, and credible policy responses are expected to offer the best chance at limiting the economic fallout.

Gene Therapy Market report covers a detailed competitive outlook including the market share and company profiles of the key participants operating in the global market. The Gene Therapy Market report provides an in-depth overview of Product Specification, technology, product type, and production analysis considering major factors such as Revenue, Cost and Gross Margin.

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The global Gene Therapy market has defined the present market scenario in an orderly way, emphasizing the industrial development, prominent players engaged in the current Market, chapter wise market specifications, industrial procedures, that will assist our readers to aim towards the Gene Therapy Market industry perspective and promote stability with cost-effectiveness.

The competitive scenarios of the Gene Therapy market provide details by leading manufacturers such as (GlaxoSmithKline plc, Bluebird Bio, Inc., Adaptimmune Therapeutics plc, Celgene Corporation, Shanghai Sunway Biotech Co. Ltd., Merck KGaA, Transgene SA, and OncoGenex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.), including capacity, production, price, revenue, cost, gross, gross margin, growth rate, import, export, market share, and technological developments.

Gene Therapy Market report 2020-2026 focuses on the major drivers and restraints for the key players. Gene Therapy research report also provides granular analysis of the market share, segmentation, revenue forecasts, and geographic regions of the market. The market research report is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of Industry.

Gene Therapy Market Report Scope:

The depth industry chain includes analysis value chain analysis, porter five forces model analysis, and cost structure analysis

The report covers the Global market of Gene Therapy Market. It also describes present situation, historical background, and future forecast

Comprehensive data showing Gene Therapy Market sale, consumption, trade statistics, and prices in the recent years is provided in this Market report

The report indicates a wealth of information on Market

Market forecast for the next five years, including market volumes and prices, is also provided.

Raw Material Supply and Downstream Consumer Information is also included in this Market report.

Following are Main Points Covered in Gene Therapy Market Report:

Introduction and Market Overview

Market Scope and Market Size Estimation

Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis

Global Gene Therapy Value and Growth Rate from 2020-2026 (Market Segmentation, Types of, Applications, Research Regions)

Market Dynamics (Drivers, Limitations, Opportunities)

Industry News and Policies by Regions (Industry News, Industry Policies)

Industry Chain Analysis (Upstream Raw Material Suppliers, Analysis, Major Players of, Major Players Manufacturing Base and Market Share of Gene Therapy in 2020, Major Players Product Types in 2020)

Gene Therapy Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis (Production Process Analysis, Manufacturing Cost Structure of Gene Therapy, Raw Material Cost of Gene Therapy, Labor Cost of Gene Therapy)

Market Channel Analysis of Gene Therapy

Major Downstream Buyers of Gene Therapy Analysis

The Major TOC Of Gene Therapy Market Includes:

Market overview: Definition, brief introduction of Major Applications

Production Market Analysis: Price, revenues, cost, and gross margin analysis

Major manufactures production and sales: Regional Major Manufacturers Production and Sales Market Comparison Analysis

Sales Market analysis of Gene Therapy Market: By volume, sales revenue and major Manufacturers Performance in past

Consumption Market Analysis: Global Consumption Volume Analysis, Regional Consumption Market Analysis, Regional Market Performance, and Market Share

Major Application Analysis: Down Stream Customers Analysis

New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis: New Project SWOT Analysis and Project Investment Feasibility Analysis.

Gene Therapy Market Report provide business insights and consulting to industries, organizations, or even individuals to make strategic business decisions and achieve sustainable growth in their respective market domain.

Key Topics Covered:

Part 01: Executive SummaryPart 02: Scope of The ReportPart 03: Research MethodologyPart 04: Market Landscape Market Ecosystem Market Characteristics Market Segmentation Analysis

Part 05: Market Sizing Market Definition Market Sizing 2020 Market Size And Forecast 2020-2026

Part 06: Five Forces Analysis Bargaining Power of Buyers Bargaining Power of Suppliers Threat of New Entrants Threat of Substitutes Threat of Rivalry Market Condition

Part 07: Customer Landscape Part 08: Regional Landscape Geographical Segmentation Regional Comparison Americas Market Size And Forecast 2020-2026 EMEA Market Size And Forecast 2020-2026 APAC Market Size And Forecast 2020-2026

Part 09: Decision Framework Part 10: Drivers And Challenges Market Drivers Market Challenges

Part 11: Market Trends Part 12: Vendor Landscape Overview Landscape Disruption Vendors Covered Vendor Classification Market Positioning Of Vendors

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Coherent Market Insights is a global market intelligence and consulting organization focused on assisting our plethora of clients achieve transformational growth by helping them make critical business decisions. We are headquartered in India, having office at global financial capital in the U.S. and sales consultants in United Kingdom and Japan. Our client base includes players from across various business verticals in over 150 countries worldwide. We pride ourselves in catering to clients across the length and width of the horizon, from Fortune 500 enlisted companies, to not-for-profit organization, and startups looking to establish a foothold in the market. We excel in offering unmatched actionable market intelligence across various industry verticals, including chemicals and materials, healthcare, and food & beverages, consumer goods, packaging, semiconductors, software and services, Telecom, and Automotive. We offer syndicated market intelligence reports, customized research solutions, and consulting services.

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Analysis Covid 19: Gene Therapy Market 2020 Inclinations Top Companies GlaxoSmithKline plc, Bluebird Bio, Inc., Adaptimmune Therapeutics plc,...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

A New Research Published byGMAon theGlobal Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer Market (COVID 19 Version)in various regions to produce more than 200+ page reports. This study is a perfect blend of qualitative and quantifiable information highlighting key market developments, industry and competitors challenges in gap analysis and new opportunities and may be trending in theGlobal Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer Market. Some are part of the coverage and are the core and emerging players being profiledTakara Bio, VBL Therapeutics, CELSION, Targovax.

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KEY BENEFITS

TheGlobal Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer Marketstudy offers a comprehensive overview of the current market and forecasts by 2020-2029 to help identify emerging business opportunities on which to capitalize.

TheGlobal Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer Marketreport provides an in-depth review of industry dynamics inGene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer, including existing and potential developments to represent prevailing consumer pockets of investment.

The report provides details concerning key drivers, constraints and opportunities and their effect on theGene Therapy for Ovarian Cancerreport.

Industry players strategic analysis and industry position in theGlobal Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer Market;

The report elaborates on the SWOT analysis and Porters Five Forces model.

The market-study value chain review gives a good view of the positions of the stakeholders.

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Quantitative data:

Breakdown of market data by main region & application / end-user

By typeIntravenous, Intratumoral, Intraperitoneal, ,

Global Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer MarketReport-specific sales and growth rates for applicationsOvarian Cancer (unspecified), Recurrent Ovarian Epithelial Cancer, Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer, , (historical & forecast)

Global Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer MarketProfits by sector and growth rate (history and forecast)

Global Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer Marketsize and rate of growth, application and type (Past and Projected)

Global Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer MarketSales income, volume and growth rate Y-O-Y (base year)

Qualitative data: Includes factors affecting or influencing market dynamics and market growth. To list some names in related sections

Industry overview

GlobalGlobal Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer Marketgrowth driver

GlobalGlobal Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer Markettrends

Incarceration

Global Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer MarketOpportunity

Market entropy ** [specially designed to emphasize market aggressiveness]

Fungal analysis

Porter Five Army Model

Research Methodology:

Primary Research:

We interviewed various key sources of supply and demand in the course of thePrimary Researchto obtain qualitative and quantitative information related to this report. Main sources of supply include key industry members, subject matter experts from key companies, and consultants from many major firms and organizations working on theGlobal Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer Market.

Secondary Research:

Secondary Researchwas performed to obtain crucial information about the business supply chain, the company currency system, global corporate pools, and sector segmentation, with the lowest point, regional area, and technology-oriented perspectives. Secondary data were collected and analyzed to reach the total size of the market which the first survey confirmed.

Customization Available for Following Regions & Country:North America, South & Central America, Middle East & Africa, Europe, Asia-Pacific

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The research provides answers to the following key questions:

1) Who are the key Top Key players in the GlobalGlobal Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer Market Report?

Following are list of players:Takara Bio, VBL Therapeutics, CELSION, Targovax.

Note: Regional Breakdown & Sectional purchase Available We provide Pie charts Best Customize Reports As per Requirements.

2) Which Are the Main Key Regions Cover in Reports?

Geographically, this report is divided into several main regions, consumption, revenue (million USD) andGlobal Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer Marketshare and growth rate in these regions, from 2019 to 2029 (predicted), covering North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, etc.

3) What is the projected market size & market growth rate for the 2019-2029 periodGlobal Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer Marketindustry?

** The Values marked with XX is confidential data. To know more about CAGR figures fill in your information so reach our business development executive @[emailprotected]

4) Can I include additional segmentation / market segmentation?

Yes. Additional granularity / market segmentation may be included depending on data availability and difficulty of survey. However, you should investigate and share detailed requirements before final confirmation to the customer.

5) What Is impact of COVID 19 on GlobalGlobal Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer Market industry?

Before COVID 19Global Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer MarketMarket Size Was XXX Million $ & After COVID 19 Excepted to Grow At a X% & XXX Million $.

TOC for GlobalGlobal Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer MarketResearch Report is:

Section 1: Global Market ReviewGlobal Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer Market(20132029)

Defining

Description

Classified

Applications

Facts

Chapter 2: Market Competition by Players/Suppliers 2013 and 2019

Manufacturing Cost Structure

Raw Material and Suppliers

Manufacturing Process

Industry Chain Structure

Chapter 3: Sales (Volume) and Revenue (Value) by Region (2013-2019)

Sales

Revenue and market share

Chapter 4, 5 and 6: GlobalGlobal Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer Marketby Type, Application & Players/Suppliers Profiles (2013-2019)

Continued..

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Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer Market SWOT Analysis including key players Takara Bio, VBL Therapeutics, CELSION, Targovax - The Daily Chronicle

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The study, published in The Journal of Cell Biology, was conducted by CNIO researchers in collaboration with researchers from the Complutense University of Madrid and the Autonomous University of Barcelona.

Our results indicate that a new therapy may be developed to prevent the development of pulmonary fibrosis associated with ageing, says CNIOs Maria Blasco, principal investigator of the study

Lung tissue of patients with pulmonary fibrosis does not regenerate because the cells involved in lung generation have damaged telomeres, the ends of the chromosomes. The new study describes a gene therapy that activates the enzyme that repairs telomeres.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a potentially lethal disease for which there is currently no cure and that is associated with certain mutations or advanced age. TheTelomeres and Telomerase Groupat the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) had previously developed an effective therapy for mice with fibrosis caused by genetic defects. Now they show thatthe same therapy can successfully be used to treat mice with age-related fibrosis.

With respect to humans, our results indicate that it may be possible todevise a treatment to prevent the development of pulmonary fibrosis associated with ageing, saysMaria Blasco, principal investigator of the study.

The treatment tested in mice is agene therapy that activates the production of telomerase in the body. Telomerase is an enzyme that repairs the telomeres at the end of chromosomes. According to Blasco, this therapy was highly effective in animal models and no side effects were observed.

The CNIO team had already shown in previous studies that thegenetic factors are associated with telomere dysfunction. Telomeres are structures that, like end caps, protect the ends of chromosomes in all cells.

Back in 2015, the team generated an animal model for pulmonary fibrosis a mouse that, among other characteristics, lacked the telomerase gene. In this mouse model, alveolar type II cells or type II pneumocytes important for lung tissue regeneration eventually die as a result of telomere dysfunction. As a consequence, the mice develop aggressive pulmonary fibrosis because the respiratory epithelium cannot renew itself periodically; this periodic regeneration keeps the tissue healthy and free from possible damage caused by harmful airborne substances.

Age-related fibrosis

The mouse model that lacks the telomerase gene faithfully mimics the human disease caused by mutations affecting the telomeres. However, specific mutations are found in relatively few pulmonary fibrosis cases. In the vast majority of patients, nothing points to a specific mutation, but all patients have something in common:an advanced age.

Indeed, telomeres can become defective through the mere process of ageing. The team led by Blanco have done ground-breaking research on telomeres and the ageing process. Telomeres are protein structures that cap the ends of chromosomes; they shorten with every cell division. After many rounds of cell division over the lifetime of an individual, they become so short that they can no longer protect the chromosomes. The cells interpret this as an error and stop dividing so that the tissue cannot regenerate anymore.

In the paper now published, the researchers show that telomere dysfunction associated with ageing occurs in alveolar type II cells, which play a primary role in lung tissue regeneration.The team have thus found the molecular basis of the link between pulmonary fibrosis and ageing, a link that is clearly seen in the clinical setting.

In addition to regenerating tissue, these cells produce and release a lipid-protein complex called pulmonary surfactant that facilitates the mechanical work done by the lungs. Lung tissue must expand when we breathe in, six to ten times per minute, which means a great deal of physical effort. Pulmonary surfactant plays an important role in lubricating lung tissue, retaining its elasticity, and reducing the amount of work required to expand and contract it. If type II pneumocytes fail to regenerate, the surfactant is not produced, which results in lung stiffness and fibrosis, saysJess Prez-Gilof the Complutense University of Madrid, who participated in the study and whose team are experts in this field.

We have observed averyclear relation between telomere status in type II pneumocytes, pulmonary surfactant production and fibrosis development in animals, Prez-Gil adds. Here we address the effects on telomeres at the molecular level, biological and physical changes in cells and tissues, and the consequences for the health of the animal, the whole organism., indicatesSergio Pieiro, first author of the study.

A therapy for all types of fibrosisIn 2018, the CNIO group developed a gene therapy that reversed pulmonary fibrosis in mice lacking the telomerase gene. This therapy was based on activating telomerase expression temporarily. A virus used as a telomerase gene carrier was injected intravenously into the mice. The effect alveolar type II cells with long telomeres was temporary, but lung tissue regeneration was successfully induced.

The same therapy was now used in aging mice. And it worked in them too. The telomerase-activating gene therapy prevented the development of fibrosis in all mice, including the ones without genetic alterations that only underwent physiological ageing, Blasco explains.

This extends the possibility of a cure for pulmonary fibrosis to virtually all cases of fibrosis,as the researchers conclude in their paper: These findings contribute to a better understanding of the importance of [the telomerase gene] as a potential target for future therapeutic approaches in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

The study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, the Carlos III Health Institute, the Community of Madrid, the Botn Foundation and Banco Santander through Santander Universidades, and World Cancer Research.

Development of the initial stages of pulmonary fibrosis associated with ageing in non-treated mice (left), that can be prevented in mice treated with the telomerase gene therapy (right). Credit: CNIO.

This article has been republished from the following materials. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.

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Towards a Gene Therapy for Reversal of Aging-Associated Pulmonary Fibrosis - Technology Networks

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

CMI published a business research report on Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market: Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecasts 20202026. Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market with 150+ market data Tables, Pie Chat, Graphs & Figures spread through Pages and easy to understand detailed analysis. The information is gathered based on modern floats and requests identified with the administrations and items.

The global Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market analysis further provides pioneering landscape of market along with market augmentation history and key development involved in the industry. The report also features comprehensive research study for high growth potential industries professional survey with market analysis. Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market report helps the companies to understand the market trends and future market prospective,opportunities and articulate the critical business strategies.

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Geographical segmentation of Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market involves the regional outlook which further covers United States, China, Europe, Japan, Southeast Asia and Middle East & Africa. This report categorizes the market based on manufacturers, regions, type and application.

Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market: Competitive Landscape

Leading players operating in the global Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market include:BioMarin Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Spark Therapeutics, Pfizer, Inc., UniQure NV, Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical, Shire PLC, Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc., and Freeline Therapeutics

Scope of the Report

The key features of the Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market report 2020-2026 are the organization, extensive amount of analysis and data from previous and current years as well as forecast data for the next five years. Most of the report is made up from tables, charts and figures that give our clients a clear picture of the Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market. The structure of Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market by identifying its various segments and sub-segments to help understanding the report.

Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market Research Report gives current competitive analysis and also valuable insights to clients/industries, which will assist them to prepare a new strategy to expand or penetrate in a global Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market.

As the report proceeds further, it covers the analysis of key market participants paired with development plans and policies, production techniques, price structure of the Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market. The report also identifies the other essential elements such as product overview, supply chain relationship, raw material supply and demand statistics, expected developments, profit and consumption ratio.

Important Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market Data Available In This Report:

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An Overview of the Impact of COVID-19 on this Market:

The pandemic of COVID-19 continues to expand and impact over 175 countries and territories. Although the outbreak appears to have slowed in China, COVID-19 has impacted globally. The pandemic could affect three main aspects of the global economy: production, supply chain, and firms and financial markets. National governments have announced largely uncoordinated, country-specific responses to the virus. As authorities encourage social distancing and consumers stay indoors, several businesses are hit. However, coherent, coordinated, and credible policy responses are expected to offer the best chance at limiting the economic fallout.

National governments and international bodies are focused on adopting collaborative efforts to encourage financial institutions to meet the financial needs of customers and members affected by the coronavirus. However, there are some sectors that have remained unscathed from the impact of the pandemic and there are some that are hit the hardest.

We, at Coherent Market Insights, understand the economic impact on various sectors and markets. Using our holistic market research methodology, we are focused on aiding your business sustain and grow during COVID-19 pandemics. With deep expertise across various industries-no matter how large or small- and with a team of highly experienced and dedicated analysts, Coherent Market Insights will offer you an impact analysis of coronavirus outbreak across industries to help you prepare for the future.

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Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market: Analysis of Rising Business Opportunities with Prominent Investment Ratio by 2026 - Bulletin Line

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Global MRNA Vaccines and Therapeutics Market Research Report 2020: COVID-19 Outbreak Impact Analysis

Brand Essence Market Research has developed a concise study on the MRNA Vaccines and Therapeutics market to depict valuable insights related to significant market trends driving the industry. The report features analysis based on key opportunities and challenges confronted by market leaders while highlighting their competitive setting and corporate strategies for the estimated timeline.

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mRNA Vaccines and Therapeutics Market is valued at USD 3.39 Billion in 2018 and expected to reach USD 6.39 Billion By 2025 with the CAGR of 9.5% over the forecast period. Increase in licensing agreements with increased prevalence of chronic disorders is likely to grow the mRNA vaccines and therapeutics market.

mRNA (messenger RNA) is a genetic material which carries the genetic information from DNA to ribosome and where it specifies the sequence of amino acids for the protein synthesis. mRNA vaccines and therapeutics are prepared with the help of advanced technology and offers the most efficient and cost effective options with reduced side effects with increased immunogenicity. The demand for mRNA vaccines & therapeutics has increased due to the increase in various diseases such as cancer, infectious disease such as ebola virus, zika virus and many more.

mRNA Vaccines and Therapeutics Market report is segmented on type, mechanism of action, application and by regional & country level. Based upon type, mRNA vaccines and therapeutics market is segmented into Standardized Therapeutic Cancer mRNA Vaccines, Individualized Therapeutic Cancer mRNA Vaccines, Therapeutic Infectious Disease mRNA Vaccines, and mRNA Therapeutic for Other Diseases. On the basis of mechanism of action, the market is segmented into Bioengineered Vaccine, Gene Therapy (Gene Silencing/Suppression), Gene Transcription (Protein Generation), Cell Therapy, Monoclonal Antibody, and Others. Based upon application, mRNA vaccines and therapeutics market is classified into Infectious Disease, Cancer, and Other.

The regions covered in this mRNA Vaccines and Therapeutics market reports are North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of the World. On the basis of country level, market of mRNA Vaccines and Therapeutics market is sub divided into U.S., Mexico, Canada, UK, France, Germany, Italy, China, Japan, India, South East Asia, GCC, Africa, etc.

Key Players for mRNA Vaccines and Therapeutics Market Reports Some major key players for mRNA Vaccines and Therapeutics market are Moderna Therapeutics, Translate Bio, BioNTech, Argos Therapeutics, eTheRNA, Sangamo Therapeutics, In-Cell-Art, CureVac, Ethris, and Tiba Biotechnology among others

Increase in licensing agreements with increased prevalence of chronic disorders is the key factor which helps mRNA Vaccines and Therapeutics Market to grow.- Over the period of time there has been tremendous increase in the prevalence of cronic disorders and infectious diseases on a large scale. Furthermore, constant increase in the various infections disease has increased the demand for effective and efficient vaccines and therapeutics for the treatment. There has been significant increase in the licensing agreement between manufacturers for the development of mRNA vaccine and therapeutics. Moreover, increase in approval of from various regulatory bodies such as FDA, CE and others are also expected to drive the growth of mRNA vaccines and therapeutic market. Increased adoption of mRNA vaccines and therapeutics and reduced manufacturing time has also promoted the market growth. The increase in research and development activities coupled with advanced technology is expected to create ample opportunities on a long run. However, high cost involved in the development of mRNA vaccine and therapeutic market is expected to hinder the growth of mRNA vaccines and therapeutics market in the near future.

Geographically, this report split global into several key Regions, revenue (Million USD) The geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America and Middle East & Africa) focusing on key countries in each region. It also covers market drivers, restraints, opportunities, challenges, and key issues in Global MRNA Vaccines and Therapeutics Market.

bKey Benefits for MRNA Vaccines and Therapeutics Market Reports Global market report covers in-depth historical and forecast analysis. Global market research report provides detail information about Market Introduction, Market Summary, Global market Revenue (Revenue USD), Market Drivers, Market Restraints, Market Opportunities, Competitive Analysis, Regional and Country Level. Global market report helps to identify opportunities in market place. Global market report covers extensive analysis of emerging trends and competitive landscape.mRNA Vaccines and Therapeutics Market Segmentation By Type Standardized Therapeutic Cancer mRNA VaccinesIndividualized Therapeutic Cancer mRNA VaccinesTherapeutic Infectious Disease mRNA VaccinesmRNA Therapeutic for Other Diseases

By Mechanism Of ActionBioengineered VaccineGene Therapy (Gene Silencing/Suppression)Gene Transcription (Protein Generation)Cell TherapyMonoclonal AntibodyOthers

By ApplicationInfectious DiseaseCancerOther

By Region North Americao U.S.o Canadao Mexico Europeo UKo Franceo Germanyo Russiao Rest of Europe Asia-Pacifico Chinao South Koreao Indiao Japano Rest of Asia-Pacific LAMEAo Latin Americao Middle Easto Africa

North America is expected to dominate the mRNA Vaccines and Therapeutics Market.- North America is expected to account for the major market share over the forecast period owing to the presence of developed economies such as U.S., Canada, and others. Increase adoption of advanced vaccines and therapeutics due to the high disposable income and increased prevalence of chronic and infectious diseases are expected to drive the growth of mRNA vaccines and therapeutics market over the forecast period. Europe is expected to account the second largest market share owing to the increase in clinical trials, research and development activities coupled with advanced technology. Asia Pacific is expected to develop significantly and maintain its dominance over the forecast period due to the presence of developing economies such as India, China and others. Moreover, increase in infectious disease and increased adoption of advanced medicines and vaccines due to the developing healthcare facilities. Latin America, Middle East and Africa is expected to show substantial growth over the forecast period.

MRNA Vaccines and Therapeutics Market Key Players: Moderna Therapeutics Translate Bio BioNTech Argos Therapeutics eTheRNA Sangamo Therapeutics In-Cell-Art CureVac Ethris Tiba Biotechnology Others

This comprehensive report will provide:

Enhance your strategic decision making Assist with your research, presentations and business plans Show which emerging market opportunities to focus on Increase your industry knowledge Keep you up-to-date with crucial market developments Allow you to develop informed growth strategies Build your technical insight Illustrate trends to exploit Strengthen your analysis of competitors Provide risk analysis, helping you avoid the pitfalls other companies could make Ultimately, help you to maximize profitability for your company.

Our Market Research Solution Provides You Answer to Below Mentioned Question:

Which are the driving factors responsible for the growth of market? Which are the roadblock factors of this market? What are the new opportunities, by which market will grow in coming years? What are the trends of this market? Which are main factors responsible for new product launch? How big is the global & regional market in terms of revenue, sales and production? How far will the market grow in forecast period in terms of revenue, sales and production? Which region is dominating the global market and what are the market shares of each region in the overall market in 2017? How will each segment grow over the forecast period and how much revenue will these segment account for in 2025? Which region has more opportunities?

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Our industry professionals are working reluctantly to understand, assemble and timely deliver assessment on impact of COVID-19 disaster on many corporations and their clients to help them in taking excellent business decisions. We acknowledge everyone who is doing their part in this financial and healthcare crisis.

The Essential Content Covered in the GlobalMRNA Vaccines and Therapeutics Market Report:

* Top Key Company Profiles.* Main Business and Rival Information* SWOT Analysis and PESTEL Analysis* Production, Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin* Market Share and Size

The report provides a 6-year forecast (2020-2026) assessed based on how the MRNA Vaccines and Therapeutics market is predicted to grow in major regions like USA, Europe, Japan, China, India, Southeast Asia, South America, South Africa, Others.

Strategic Points Covered in TOC:

Chapter 1:Introduction, market driving force product scope, market risk, market overview, and market opportunities of the global MRNA Vaccines and Therapeutics market.

Chapter 2:Evaluating the leading manufacturers of the global MRNA Vaccines and Therapeutics market which consists of its revenue, sales, and price of the products.

Chapter 3: the competitive nature among key manufacturers, with market share, revenue, and sales.

Chapter 4:Presenting global MRNA Vaccines and Therapeutics market by regions, market share and revenue and sales for the projected period.

Chapters 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9:To evaluate the market by segments, by countries and by manufacturers with revenue share and sales by key countries in these various regions.

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Jeff Galvin believes his Rockville cell and gene technology company has found a breakthrough treatment for people living with HIV

By David Goldstein

| Published: 2020-08-17 08:31

When Jeff Galvin was 13 years old, he came across a lone computer in the basement of Muzzey Junior High School in Lexington, Massachusetts. It was actually a teletype machine attached to a minicomputer. This was, after all, the 1970s.

He doesnt remember why it was there, but he got permission to use it and taught himself how to program. My first love affair, Galvin recalls. My head exploded with the possibility that you had this thing that never got tired. You just fed it electricity.

At 15, he was taking classes at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in nearby Cambridge and teaching computer science to high school and college students on weekends. This may be starting to sound like Good Will Hunting, the 1997 film in which actor Matt Damon plays an MIT janitor who secretly solves complex equations on a classroom blackboard, but theres a difference. He was a math genius, Galvin says. I was a highly passionate, excited kid who had just seen the most amazing toy in history.

In his 20s, Galvin was an early recruit to Silicon Valley in those heady nascent days of the 1980s when it was fast becoming the high-tech Xanadu. His time in California included six years at Apple, but it was a visit to the National Institutes of Health in 2007 that took his career in a much different direction.

Now 61, hes the founder and CEO of a Rockville cell and gene technology company, and he believes his company stands on the cusp of a medical breakthrough. Galvins team of molecular biologists at American Gene Technologies (AGT) thinks it has developed a gene therapy procedure that can cure HIV, the virus that leads to AIDS. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1.1 million people are currently living with HIV in this country; the World Health Organization estimates that 75 million people across the globe have been infected with the virus since the AIDS epidemic began in 1981. About 32 million have died.

Galvin says he made HIV his target because a cure for the virus has remained elusive. People with HIV must take a daily regimen of medications that control infections and suppress the virus, but dont eliminate it. Over time, these drugs can cause everything from nausea and fatigue to more serious conditions affecting the kidneys, heart and central nervous system, according to NIH.

He believes the gene therapy procedure AGT has developed, in which genes are transferred to modify cells or tissue through the use of viral vectors, could actually be a platform to cure any number of diseases.

What cant we cure with this? Galvin says during a call to the head of a financial securities firm one afternoon in February. Hes seated at a large oval table in the AGT conference room with the phone on speaker.

Galvin spends much of his time wooing potential investors. What he brings to the task is his salesmans personality: a bit over the top, a healthy dollop of bravado, and an inclination to push the envelope. And his companys HIV treatment is getting a serious lookthe U.S. Food and Drug Administration is determining whether the procedure is safe enough for human testing.

Galvin says the gene and cell therapy industry has been exploding in recent years, causing a slowdown in the regulatory process for those kinds of treatments. But AGT is hopeful that the FDA will approve the human clinical trials by this fall. I cant imagine we cant cure almost everything in the world, he says on the call. Were going to send chemotherapy and radiation the way of bloodletting and leeches.

Galvin is a ball of energy and nonstop talker. Politics. Facebooks troubled relationship with privacy. Hell opine as long as someone will listen and he doesnt have a pressing appointment. He is 6 feet tall, has a genial smile and an eagerness to engage. And he burns with the passion of the committed.

Were down here in Rockville, Maryland. Lots of good opportunities down here, he says during the pitch, which goes on for more than an hour. Right now [we have] the beginnings of what is turning into a revolution in pharmaceuticalswere talking about the creation of probably another $3 to $5 trillion industry over the next 10 to 15 years. I think this is bigger than the dot-com boom. I think it doesnt have quite the same bubble. This isnt the kind of thing that will all go off the cliff simultaneously like dot-com because theres real science behind it. And if it works out, it can be monetized.

Galvin is a cheerleader for Montgomery Countys growth as a hub for health technology. AGT is just off Interstate 270 at Exit 6B in the life sciences corridor, where it percolates among a cluster of tech, biotech and pharmaceutical companies, as well as educational centers. Branches of the University of Maryland and Montgomery College help incubate new startups. Thats the atmosphere that got AGT off the ground in 2008.

In addition to HIV, AGT is developing therapies for several types of cancerous tumors that affect the breasts, lungs and prostate. The company hopes that its work on a treatment for liver cancer will be approved for human clinical trials in 2022. The lab is also working on a gene therapy for phenylketonuria, known as PKU, a rare inherited metabolic disorder.

Theres this great economic engine which is evolving that will make Maryland the next Silicon Valley, Galvin tells the head of the financial securities firm. I call it DNA Valley.

Galvin, it should be noted, is not a scientist. Hes an economist by training, a 1981 graduate of Harvard University. Hes a computer prodigy by pedigreehis mother was one of the rare female computer software experts in the 1960s, and his father is an MIT-trained electrical engineer who did national security work.

Galvin has this thing about disruptive technologies, he says, systems that upend the old way of doing something and change the culture in a significant way. Like how Apple co-founder Steve Jobs simplified and popularized the computer mouse. Or how GPS changed the way we get from here to there. Thats how he sees AGT and gene therapy. Ive been through a lot of technologies: computers, software, the internet, apps, IT, Galvin says.

So I understand how these technologies grow. Gene and cell therapies are bigger than any of those, and its much more emotional because its your health.

He has a fluency in arcane subjects that arent connected to his own skills. This is Galvins explanation for how HIV infects a cell through a protein known as CCR5, located on the surface of white blood cells, and why AGT believes it has developed a defense: One element of our cell product is the removal of CCR5 from the surface of CD4+ T cells. Howeverwe have also added siRNAs against conserved regions of the vif and tat HIV genes for additional protection against R5 viruses as well as extending protection to CXCR4 versions of HIV.

Heres how he puts it in plain English: We have removed thedoor handle (CCR5) that HIV uses to get into cells. Most forms of HIV use that common surface protein in cells to infect the cell, but some forms do not need that handle. AGT has added specially designed genes to our HIV treatment that are capable of producing substances inside the cell that protect against several known mutations of HIV that do not require that handle. AGT is the first company to provide this type of broad protection to the various known versions of HIV.

HIV is an insidious virus that infects a patients T cells, a type of white blood cell that helps the body fight off infection. In Montgomery County, 3,489 people were infected with HIV between 2009 and 2018, with 123 new cases in 2018, according to the Maryland Department of Health. AGTs gene therapy approach modifies the HIV-specific T cells so they can resist infections and do their job of protecting the body from pathogens that cause disease.

AGT does this by using viral vectors; the viruses are cracked open to remove the bad genes and replaced with newly modified genes that will improve the cell. Instead of a virus with the intention of infecting you and going to the next person, its been tamed to do only one part of that process, says C. David Pauza, a molecular biologist and longtime researcher in gene cloning and HIV who serves as AGTs chief science officer. We put things in it we want it to deliver and it makes one infection and stopsand doesnt go any farther. According to Galvin, once HIV T cells are able to carry out their protective work as intended, HIV patients would eventually become permanently immune to the virus and hopefully have no need to continue taking antiretroviral drugs.

AGTs concept is not new, according to Carl Dieffenbach, director of the Division of AIDS at NIHs National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. What has improved are the vectors, he says. Its reasonable to continue to watch this. Whats unknown, Dieffenbach says, is the human reaction. Once the therapy is tried on people, what you dont know is how this will actually behave.

Tami Howie, an attorney who represents tech and biotech companies, first met Galvin in 2017, when she was CEO of the Maryland Technology Council. He is one of the rare people who epitomizes the convergence in tech and biotech, she says. Hes totally cutting edge.

But messing around with the human genome can be fraught with risk. We know there are viruses out there that get into your body and activate genes that do all kinds of good things and bad things, Pauza says. [One] good thing is a very old virus thats in most of us that controls the efficiency of pregnancy in women. But then you can get other viruses that go in and they stimulate things to be made inappropriately and trigger horrible results.

To Galvin, no risk, no reward. When he made public late last year that AGT was developing a cure for HIV, he was criticized by some in the HIV/AIDS community for peddling false hope. But Galvin has no regrets and is sympathetic to their concerns. Its reasonable to experience a gut reaction to the word cure when humanity has been struggling against HIV for decades, he says. I dont fault anyone for working to protect their community. We are always clear that we will only know for sure once we prove it in a human trial, he says. He calls AGTs work the future of medicine.

Its going to be typical that many of the diseases that strike you are going to be cured by gene and cell therapy, he tells the prospective investor. And we plan to lead that revolution becausewere going to prove were the most efficient competitor in it by curing HIV this year.

If hes right, that would be seismic.

Enormous, Pauza says.

The oldest of three children, Galvin didnt get a lot of attention when he was young so he tended to get into a lot of trouble, he says. I figured out how things worked early, so it was hard to lock me in the house.

As a child, hed come home with a bloody hand, having found a razor blade, or wander into a snowstorm looking for twigs for the fireplace. His father, Aaron, says Galvin was a handful because his mind was so active. We were on a first-name basis with all the emergency wards, he says with a chuckle.

Galvin showed his entrepreneurial spirit early on, his father says. When he was 6 and the familys house in Lexington was under construction, the boy collected dirt from the excavation site and sifted it through a window screen and into plastic bags. Then he pulled his little red wagon up and down the street, selling topsoil for 50 cents a bag.

Harvard didnt offer a degree in computer science when he went there, so Galvin majored in economics and took all the computer classes he could. After graduation, he left for California to take a job with Hewlett-Packard, but he didnt like the corporate culture and went to work for Apple. Apple was more like me, Galvin says. It was in love with what computers could do.

He stayed on the West Coast for parts of the next three decades. Silicon Valley was on fire when I was there, says Galvin, whose sister, Laurie, and brother, Mark, also pursued careers in the tech world. He describes the atmosphere there as a group of people with the right ideas andpushing things at light speed. There was such a clarity of vision and purpose. There was no limit on what we could do there.

It was a fast life, though. As a marketing manager and later director of international marketing for Claris, an Apple spinoff, Galvin was always on the move: Europe, the Middle East, Indonesia, New Zealand. While in Paris on a trip to show clients how to service Apple hardware, he fell asleep at the wheel while driving through a tunnel at 70 mph after having been up for three days. When he brushed a curb, he awoke and was able to right the car. But it was a chilling experience.

How lucky can you get? Galvin says.

In 2001, after nearly two decades of 16-hour workdays, he decided he was done. At 42, hed made investments in startups, real estate, software and internet companies. I looked at my bank account and realized I didnt have to work anymore, Galvin says.

He bought a house on Maui and traveled between there and his home in San Carlos in Silicon Valley. He started dating, thinking he should settle down before he got too old. He and his wife, Cherry, married in 2004.

The couple enjoyed a carefree life in the tropics. But after five years, Galvin was bored out of my mind, so they moved back to California. He decided to tiptoe back into the game by looking for a project where he could become an angel investor, someone who puts money behind a startup often in exchange for ownership equity. The word got out, and Galvin received a proposal from a postdoctoral researcher at a lab at NIH headed by Dr. Roscoe Brady, a renowned biochemist and pioneer in the treatment of enzyme deficiencies. Galvin visited the lab in 2007 and met Brady, who explained the science behind viral vectors. It was Galvins eureka moment.

When I learned that there was a mechanism to update the DNA in a human cell, my head practically exploded, Galvin says. He reasoned that if you look at a cell as the human bodys computer, and the DNA contained in the cell as the operating system, you could employ viral vectors to convert viruses into updates for the human computer and thereby correct defects.

DNA is the instruction set for the cell, Galvin says. Your genes are just instructions to make enzymes and proteins that then react in the cell. Basically, your cell is an organic computer. You change the software, you change the cell.

Brady was retiring and NIH was closing his lab. Galvin says NIH gave him the intellectual property, free of charge, on the condition that he continue the research. I felt like he was close to making major breakthroughs, Galvin says. So he hired two of Bradys research assistants and signed Brady on as a scientific adviser. Thats how AGT was born.

In the early days, Galvin continued to live on the West Coast and funded the work out of his own pocket. His mother, Frayda, was suffering from Stage 4 pancreatic cancer. She died in 2009 after battling the disease for 15 months. Knowing what she went through bolstered Galvins conviction that AGTs work could help people. In 2010, he realized he needed to be in Rockville full time. Over the next few years, he received $1 million in grants from NIH, which was interested in innovative approaches to gene and cell therapies. Galvin says obtaining funding that way was easier than trying to lure investors, and he kicked in an additional $2 million.

AGT began as a small but determined undertaking. An early supporter was Dr. Robert Redfield, a virologist who now heads the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and became visible during the White House coronavirus briefings in the spring. He served as an adviser to AGT beginning in 2011 and subsequently chaired the companys clinical advisory board for its HIV gene therapy program until 2018. By that time, AGT had been granted patents for its HIV therapy and had enlisted NIH as a research partner in its search for a cure. Fast forward to today, Galvin says, we have curative therapies for HIV.

Galvins day usually begins in my sweats, he says, in the kitchen of his Rockville condo where he has a three-screen computer. He calls it command central. He can work uninterrupted for about three hours, and hes usually at AGT by noon. He presides over a three-story warren of offices where employees handle regulatory affairs, marketing, finance and other administrative business.

Its in the labs, spread over 11,500 square feet on the third floor, where the microbiologists and other scientists do the research and delicate work of separating genes, the link between one generation and the next. Behind glass walls and clad in blue protective gowns and gloves, they employ an array of biological tools as they work with T cells, viral vectors and other microscopic particles. Their findings spill out of white data machines spaced at regular intervals along the work counters.

Talking up AGT requires Galvin to travel a lot. Before the coronavirus pandemic, he was often on trains to Manhattan for meetings and dinners with prospective investors, and flying around the country for conferences and other events. But the world has new rules these days. Video conference calls and Zoom meetings have become the new way of doing business.

To relax, Galvin plays Xbox or watches The Simpsons. He enjoys how the shows writers parody American culture.

I can tell these people feel the same way about the world as I do, he says. He also reads or catches up on the news. On his nightstand in February was Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, a New York Times bestseller.

His wife, Cherry, prefers warm weather, so she spends her winters at the couples home in Silicon Valley. They got married late in life, Galvin says, and dont have children. Cherrys sister, a single mother, lived with the couple and in 2004 sent for her daughter, who was 6 years old and staying with her grandmother in Wuhan, China. Now 21, Galvins niece, Jesse, recently graduated from the University of Washington, where she majored in molecular and cellular biology. Interning at AGT during her high school summers might have had something to do with that. I love my niece like a daughter, Galvin says.

Galvin says hes having the most fun hes ever had. Still, securing funding for new therapies and medicines can be a struggle if youre not a pharmaceutical giant. Investors generally want a quick return, and human trials for a new drug or therapy can be costly.

To be a successful entrepreneur and forging new territory, you get a lot of arrows in the back. A lot of people say no way, says Drew Palin, a physician and chief innovation officer of Intellivisit, a Madison, Wisconsin, online medical diagnosis company. Hes also one of Galvins investors. He has had to raise lots of nickels and dimes that allowed him to be a little more patient and persistent. To do that, you have to have a lot [of] drive, a lot of personal passion and a way to survive.

When Galvin isnt pitching AGTs upside to venture capitalists, blue-chip finance houses like JPMorgan Chase, big financial institutions like Citibank, and angel investors like Palin, hes championing the promise of genetic engineering.

Im basically an evangelical person that is spending his entire day either connecting people with our mission and trying to engage them [in] some way to support it or propel it, or inspiring people to achieve greatness within the mission, Galvin says.

Should AGTs experimental HIV treatment work and eventually be approved for commercial sales, Galvin says it would likely be licensed to a large pharmaceutical company with global reach to ensure the products wide availability.

Galvin doesnt have any idea how much the treatment could cost, but predicted it would be less expensive than what insurance companies now pay to cover the costs of daily antiretroviral treatments, medicine for the side effects and appointments with doctors. Hes not chasing the dollar. Hes chasing every life he can save, Tami Howie says. He figures every minute hes not working, people are dying.

Galvins fundraising has pushed investments to $40 million, and his staff has grown to 30. His commitment to AGT, however, put a strain on both his marriage and retirement nest egg. Both have survived and recovered, he says, but it took sustained engagement with high risk and giant potential downfall for me.

Now he weighs the possibility that it all could pay off. If we get a handful of cured HIV patientsI think the [National] Mall is going to look like the days of the AIDS quilt because these people have been suffering for so long, Galvin says, and I think the emotional response is going to be quite profound.

David Goldstein is a former political and investigative reporter in Washington, D.C., for McClatchy Newspapers and The Kansas City Star.

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Rockville cell and gene company may have found treatment for HIV - BethesdaMagazine.com

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith