Plant Breeding and CRISPR Plant Industry 2020 Global Market Research report presents an in-depth analysis of the Plant Breeding and CRISPR Plant market size, growth, share, segments, manufacturers, and technologies, key trends, market drivers, challenges, standardization, deployment models, opportunities, future roadmap and 2025 forecast. The report additionally presents forecasts for Plant Breeding and CRISPR Plant market revenue, consumption, production, and growth drivers of the market.

The report forecast global Plant Breeding and CRISPR Plant market to grow to reach xxx Million USD in 2020 with a CAGR of xx% during the period 2020-2025.The report offers detailed coverage of Plant Breeding and CRISPR Plant industry and main market trends. The market research includes historical and forecast market data, demand, application details, price trends, and company shares of the leading Plant Breeding and CRISPR Plant by geography. The report splits the market size, by volume and value, on the basis of application type and geography.

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Major Players in Plant Breeding and CRISPR Plant market are:

Company Coverage (Company Profile, Sales Revenue, Price, Gross Margin, Main Products etc.):

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Product Type Coverage (Market Size & Forecast, Major Company of Product Type etc.): Molecular Breeding Hybrid Breeding Genome Editing Genetic Engineering Conventional Breedi

Application Coverage (Market Size & Forecast, Different Demand Market by Region, Main Consumer Profile etc.): Oilseeds & Pulses Cereals & Grains Fruits & Vegetables Othe

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Complete analysis on market dynamics, market status and competitive Plant Breeding and CRISPR Plant view is offered.

Forecast Global Plant Breeding and CRISPR Plant Industry trends will present the market drivers, constraints and growth opportunities.

The five-year forecast view shows how the market is expected to grow in coming years.

All vital Global Plant Breeding and CRISPR Plant Industry verticals are presented in this study like Product Type, Applications and Geographical Regions.

Table of Contents

Part 1 Market Overview

Part 2 Global Market Status and Future Forecast

Part 3 Asia-Pacific Market Status and Future Forecast

Part 4 Asia-Pacific Market by Geography

Part 5 Europe Market Status and Future Forecast

Part 6 Europe Market by Geography

Part 7 North America Market Status and Future Forecast

Part 8 North America Market by Geography

Part 9 South America Market Status and Future Forecast

Part 10 South America Market by Geography

Part 11 Middle East & Africa Market Status and Future Forecast

Part 12 Middle East & Africa Market by Geography

Part 13 Key Companies

Part 14 Conclusion

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Plant Breeding and CRISPR Plant Market 2020 Segmentation, Application, Technology and Analysis Report Forecast to 2025 - Owned

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Genetic Technologies in Agriculture 2020-2030: Forecasts, Markets, Technologies

Genome editing (CRISPR, TALENs, ZFNs), Transgenics (GMOs), Synthetic Biology, and Breeding in Crop Agriculture: Technology and Market Analysis

By Dr Michael Dent

21st century agriculture is facing some major challenges. The global population is set to increase to over 10 billion by 2050, something the UN estimates will require a 70% from today's global food production. At the same, resources are dwindling - the loss of agricultural land stemming from climate change and urbanisation coupled with plateauing crop yields will present major challenges to every nation on Earth.

Genetic technologies in agriculture 2020-2030, a new report from IDTechEx, explores the use of biotechnology as a potential solution to these challenges. The report provides in-depth technical and market insight into the different genetic technologies used in crop agriculture, including transgenics (GMOs), genome editing techniques (CRISPR, TALENs, ZFNs, etc.) and breeding strategies, while also exploring the regulatory and industrial landscapes in which they operate. The report forecasts the future of the industry over the next decade, identifying genome editing technologies as a key growth area.

This is not the first time that world has faced a food crisis This is not the first time that the world has faced a food crisis due to plateauing yields and growing populations. In the 1960s, famine threatened much of Asia, with Paul Ehrlich's 1968 bestseller "The Population Bomb" predicting that famines centred in India would kill hundreds of millions across the following decades.

This bleak future was mostly avoided, largely thanks to the Green Revolution. Using selective breeding, American biologist Norman Borlaug created a high yield strain of wheat that led to more grain per acre, significantly boosting Mexico's agricultural output. Soon, similar strategies were used in India to develop high yield IR8 rice. These selective breeding strategies, alongside advances in fertiliser and mechanisation technologies led to a boom in global food production, with cereal production in Asia doubling between 1970 and 1995.

Selective breeding is just one of many techniques for manipulating the DNA of plants in agriculture to create improved seeds and traits. Over the past few decades, the genetic engineering tools available to scientists has expanded to include methods such as mutagenesis and transgenic breeding, the technique used to develop "genetically modified organisms" (GMOs). However, in recent years, technological advances such as next generation DNA sequencing and gene editing techniques such as TALENs, ZFNs and CRISPR-Cas9 have vastly expanded the capabilities of genetic engineering. This has led to much excitement in the field of agricultural biotechnology, with proponents hoping that modern genetic technologies could help usher in a new Green Revolution of agricultural productivity. Synthetic biology and manipulation of the crop microbiome could open a huge window of opportunities for boosting yields in previously inaccessible ways.

The report assesses the following:

Read more from the original source:
Feeding the World with Genetic Technologies: Technologies and Policies - IDTechEx.com

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Two and a half years ago, a study published in Science Advances detailed how the gene editing tool CRISPR/Cas-9 repaired genetic mutations related to Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). The study was a proof of concept, and used induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).

But now a similar treatment has not only been administered to real people, it has worked and made a difference in their quality of life and the progression of their disorder. Nine boys aged 6 to 12 who have been living with DMD since birth received a gene therapy treatment from pharmaceutical giant Pfizer, and a year later, 7 of the boys show significant improvement in muscle strength and function.

Though the treatments positive results are limited to a small group, theyre an important breakthrough for gene therapy, and encouraging not just for muscular dystrophy but for many other genetic diseases that could soon see similar treatments developed.

DMD is a genetic disorder that causes muscles to progressively degenerate and weaken. Its caused by mutations in the gene that makes dystrophin, a protein that serves to rebuild and strengthen muscle fibers in skeletal and cardiac muscles. As the gene is carried on the X chromosome, the disorder primarily affects boys. Many people with DMD end up in wheelchairs, on respirators, or both, and while advances in cardiac and respiratory care have increased life expectancy into the early 30s, theres no cure for the condition.

The gene therapy given to the nine boys by Pfizer was actually developed by a research team at the UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicineand it took over 30 years.

The team was led by Jude Samulski, a longtime gene therapy researcher and professor of pharmacology at UNC. As a grad student in 1984, Samulski was part of the first team to clone an adeno-associated virus, which ended up becoming a leading method of gene delivery and thus crucial to gene therapy.

Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are small viruses whose genome is made up of single-stranded DNA. Like other viruses, AAVs can break through cells outer membranesespecially eye and muscle cellsget inside, and infect them (and their human hosts). But AAVs are non-pathogenic, meaning they dont cause disease or harm; the bodies of most people treated with AAVs dont launch an immune response, because their systems detect that the virus is harmless.

Samulskis gene therapy treatment for DMD used an adeno-associated virus to carry a healthy copy of the dystrophin gene; the virus was injected into boys with DMD, broke into their muscle cells, and replaced their non-working gene.

Samulski said of the adeno-associated virus, Its a molecular FedEx truck. It carries a genetic payload and its delivering it to its target. The company Samulski founded sold the DMD treatment to Pfizer in 2016 so as to scale it and make it accessible to more boys suffering from the condition.

A year after receiving the gene therapy, seven of nine boys are showing positive results. As reported by NPR, the first boy to be treated, a nine-year old from Connecticut, saw results that were not only dramatic, but fast. Before treatment he couldnt walk up more than four stairs without needing to stop, but within three weeks of treatment he was able to run up the full flight of stairs. I can run faster. I stand better. And I can walk [] more than two miles and I couldnt do that before, he said.

The muscle cells already lost to DMD wont grow back, but the treatment appears to have restored normal function of the protein that fixes muscle fibers and helps them grow, meaning no further degeneration should take place.

Gene therapy trials are underway for several different genetic diseases, including sickle cell anemia, at least two different forms of inherited blindness, and Alzheimers, among others. Its even been used as part of cancer treatment.

Its only been a year, we dont yet know whether these treatments may have some sort of detrimental effect in the longer term, and the treatment itself can still be improved. But all of that considered, signs point to the DMD treatment being a big win for gene therapy.

Before it can be hailed as a resounding success, though, scientists feel that a more extensive trial of the therapy is needed, and are working to launch such a trial later this year.

Image Credit: pixelRaw from Pixabay

More:
A Year After Gene Therapy, Boys With Muscular Dystrophy Are Healthier and Stronger - Singularity Hub

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

A new intelligence report Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market has been Lately Added into Adroit Market Research collection of top-line market research reports. Global Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market report is a meticulous comprehensive analysis of this market that provides access to direct first-hand insights on the growth trail of market in near term and long term. On the basis of factual advice sourced from authentic industry pros and extensive main industry research, the report provides insights about the historical growth pattern of Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market and current market situation. It then provides short- and long-term market development projections.

Projections are purely based on the detailed analysis of key Market dynamics that are expected to influence Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market performance and their intensity of impacting market growth within the span of assessment period.

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Competitive companies And manufacturers in global market

segment by Type, the product can be split intoEmbryonic Stem CellResident Cardiac Stem CellsUmbilical Cord Blood Stem CellsMarket segment by Application, split intoNeurodegenerative DisordersAutoimmune DiseasesCardiovascular Diseases

Market segment by Regions/Countries, this report coversNorth AmericaEuropeChinaJapanSoutheast AsiaIndiaCentral & South America

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Taxonomy and geographical analysis of the international Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market empowers readers to spot profits in present chances and catch upcoming growth opportunities even until they approach the market location. The analysis given in report is only intended to unroll the economic, societal, regulatory and political scenarios of the marketplace specific to each area and country, which might help prospective market entrants in Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market landscape to comprehend the nitty-gritty of target market regions and invent their strategies accordingly.

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Major TOC Covered In this Report are:

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Autologous Stem Cell Based Therapies Market Consumption Sales By Type, Product Specifications, Market Research Methodology, Market Forecast To 2023 -...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

The myocardial injury that has been documented in patients with COVID-19 may stem from active virus replicating in heart tissue, a German autopsy study suggests.

In the paper, published online July 27, 2020, in JAMA Cardiology, the researchers say it appears that the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in cardiac tissue does not necessarily cause an inflammatory reaction consistent with clinical myocarditis, and that the long-term consequences of this cardiac infection requires further investigation.

Speaking with TCTMD, Gregg C. Fonarow, MD (University of California, Los Angeles), said it is important to bear in mind that the autopsy reports from COVID-19 patients published to date, including this one, have all been relatively small and either single-center or pooled data in select, most elderly patients.

But on the other hand, they do give important insights for which there are clinical correlates, he added. Specifically, with this autopsy series, it's enlightening because from the very earliest reports coming out of China regarding COVID-19, there were elevations in cardiac troponins, and there was a lot of puzzlement as to what that actually meant.

Fonarow, who along with Clyde W. Yancy, MD (Northwestern University, Chicago, IL), wrote an editorial accompanying the study, said if anything, its reassuring that we're, at least in these cases, not seeing acute myocarditis with the frequency that some people speculated very early on when reports started to come in. But it also shows that there is more cardiac involvement than initially suspected, some of it clearly subclinical, he added.

Interstitial Cell Involvement

Hamburg, Germany, where the autopsies were performed, has mandated full-body postmortems for all COVID-19 deaths in the city, senior study author Dirk Westermann, MD (University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg), noted in an email. TCTMD has previously reported on a smaller series of autopsies from the Hamburg region that described lung weights that ranged from two- to fourfold higher than average.

In the new report, Westermann and colleagues led by Diana Lindner, PhD (University Heart and Vascular Centre, Hamburg, Germany), used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction testing to identify SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the myocardium of 24 of 39 patients (61.5%) who died in April 2020. All had tested positive for the virus prior to death, and none had clinically fulminant myocarditis. The median age was 85 years and the cause of death in 89% was pneumonia. The cardiac tissue included two specimens from the left ventricle.

In 16 cases, a viral load above 1,000 copies per g RNA was noted. Those patients also had increased proinflammatory genes. Virus replication in the myocardium was documented in five patients with the highest virus load.

Lindner and colleagues also conducted in situ hybridization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and found virus present in interstitial cells or macrophages within the cardiac tissue rather than in myocardiocytes.

Importantly, fulminant myocarditis was not associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in this study with no significant change in transendothelial migration of inflammatory cells in the myocardium in patients with high virus load vs no virus, they write. In the published cases in which myocardial inflammation was present, there was also evidence of clinical myocarditis, and therefore the current cases underlie a different pathophysiology.

While the findings provide important new clues as to the possible mechanism of myocardial injury in COVID-19 infected patients, Lindner and colleagues say the clues provided by the autopsies are limited and that future studies are needed to reveal whether cytokine expression correlates with cardiac dysfunction during the disease and its aftermath. They also question whether myocardial biomarkers might be upregulated due to the SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Indeed, the literature to date has been mixed on the extent to which this virus is infiltrating the heart, with another recent autopsy analysis reported by TCTMD making the case that not all patients with cardiac manifestations of COVID-19 show signs of direct viral infiltration. Indeed, 15 of the patients in the current autopsy analysis showed no SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the myocardium.

According to Fonarow, many avenues for additional research can grow out of these sorts of clues, especially in the current environment where there is still so much left to learn about COVID-19, its management, and any lasting impact on the heart.

It would be really interesting with therapies like dexamethasone, for example, to look at . . . whether we see a corresponding decline in troponin levels in those who respond that parallel that time course, he said. Further insight from autopsy studies showing how COVID-19 impacts the heart also may help lead to the creation of strategies involving cardioprotective medications. Thats an idea also put forward by the authors of another article out this week in JAMA Cardiology that found evidence of myocardial inflammation on MRI in recovered COVID-19 patients more than 2 months after their initial positive COVID-19 test, even those who never experienced severe illness.

Even in that period where clinically patients are recovering, theres still evidence of myocardial inflammation, reflecting this injury, he noted. Those findings also need to be replicated to see how generalizable they are and [if] we see that same frequency of involvement of the heart through cardiac MRI.

Read more from the original source:
COVID-19 Autopsies Hint at Direct Viral Infection of the Heart - TCTMD

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Cardiac Pacemakers Market AnalysisReport gives the clear picture of current scenario which includes historical and projected Cardiac Pacemakers Market size, Share, industry growth, trends in terms of value and volume, technological advancement, macro economical and governing factors in the market. The report also gives a broad study of the different market segments and regions.

Cardiac Pacemakers Market report 2020 covers key business segments and wide scope geographies to get deep dive analyzed industry data. The company profiles of top Market players will provide financial analysis listing the company revenue, and market share. The past and present revenue of top players will offer forecast revenue estimates and growth rates. Cardiac Pacemakers Market Research Report provide the details about Industry Overview and analysis about Manufacturing Cost Structure, Revenue, Gross Margin, Consumption Value and Sale Price, Major Manufacturers, Distributors with Development Trends and Forecast 2026.

An Overview of the Impact of COVID-19 on Cardiac Pacemakers Market:

The emergence of COVID-19 has brought the world to a standstill. We understand that this health crisis has brought an unprecedented impact on businesses across industries. However, this too shall pass. Rising support from governments and several companies can help in the fight against this highly contagious disease. There are some industries that are struggling and some are thriving. Overall, almost every sector is anticipated to be impacted by the pandemic.

We are taking continuous efforts to help your business sustain and grow during COVID-19 pandemics. Based on our experience and expertise, we will offer you an impact analysis of coronavirus outbreak across industries to help you prepare for the future.

The report offers insights into the ongoing Cardiac Pacemakers market trends. The report provides forecast values for the market for the period of 2019-2026. It highlights leading companies in the market and discusses the strategies that these companies have adopted in recent years. The competitive landscape scenario has been discussed in detail. Factual figures have been evaluated through trusted sources. Other forecast values have been gathered through interviews and opinions of experienced market research professionals.

The report also focuses on global major leading industry players of Global Cardiac Pacemakers market providing information such as company profiles, product picture and specification, capacity, production, price, cost, revenue and contact information. Upstream raw materials and equipment and downstream demand analysis is also carried out. The Global Cardiac Pacemakers market development trends and marketing channels are analyzed. Finally, the feasibility of new investment projects is assessed and overall research conclusions offered.

Intended Audience:

Cardiac Pacemakers Key Players

Cardiac Pacemakers Suppliers

Research and Development (RandD) Companies

Distributer and Supplier companies

End Users

Consultants and Investment bankers

Government as well as Independent Regulatory Authorities

Report Highlights:

In-depth information about the latest Cardiac Pacemakers Industry trends, opportunities, and challenges.

Extensive analysis of the growth drivers And barriers.

Competitive landscape consisting of investments, agreements, contracts, novel product launches, strategic collaborations, and mergers and acquisitions.

List of the segments and the niche areas.

Comprehensive details about the strategies that are being adopted by key players.

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Table Of Content:

Introduction

1.1. Research Scope

1.2. Market Segmentation

1.3. Research Methodology

1.4. Definitions and Assumptions

Executive Summary

Market Dynamics

3.1. Market Drivers

3.2. Market Restraints

3.3. Market Opportunities

Key Insights

Continued

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Cardiac Pacemakers Market Analysis By COVID-19 Impact 2020-2026 - The Midland Weekly

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Rasmussens fascination with viruses began in the fifth grade, when she contracted pneumonia and was left with chronic asthma. I was very interested in how these tiny things that you cant even see cause such severe disease, she says. How can something invisible make you so sick and cause you long-lasting problems?

Rasmussens research explores how a host responds to a virus. Given that all viruses have to infect a host, viruses are obligate parasites, she says. Its always relevant to know how the host is responding as well as how the virus itself workswhat kinds of host responses and what kind of genes are expressed in response to infection over time.

As an expert, Rasmussen, who is currently an associate research scientist at Columbia Universitys Mailman School of Public Health, advocates for all the common sense and scientifically based practices for combating a pandemic, including social distancing and wearing masks. Here she talks about some of the things weve learned about COVID-19 since it emerged, her concerns about rushing a vaccine and how the pandemic has brought to light issues of equity.

Virology 101Viruses cant exist on their own; they have to have a host. Thats why theres a big philosophical debate about whether viruses are alive or not. They cant replicate independently. They cant reproduce themselves without infecting a host cell. I think of viruses more as machines. People have a real tendency to anthropomorphize them, talk about what a virus wants to do or what a virus thinks. Viruses are really just a set of instructions to make more viruses. Its sort of incidental whether or not they actually cause disease. Since a virus is under evolutionary pressure to reproduce itself, a really effective virus would be one that doesnt affect its host at all, so it can fly under the radar and just replicate efficiently.

Viruses Are Here to StayI dont think viruses are going anywhere. And they are an important part of the ecosystem, too. Viruses drive evolution of their host. They may not even be infectious anymore, capable of producing viruses or causing disease, but they can drive the way that we evolve, and they have driven evolution across millennia.

>

Unexpected Effects of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19One of the things that I think is surprising to a lot of people is this virus doesnt just cause pneumonia; it doesnt just cause respiratory disease. There are indications that it affects other parts of the body. There have been reports of kidney and liver disease. It may damage the beta islet cells of the pancreas that produce insulin and may predispose people to diabetes, which may explain why people with diabetes have a different risk factor for severe COVID-19. There are reports of weird clotting abnormalities and cardiac effects and neurological things like the loss of sense of smell or taste.

Current Treatment Protocol: Everything and the Kitchen SinkPeople are screening compounds that are not approved drugs, or havent been used for anything, to see if we can find new compounds that might be effective, mostly as antivirals. There are other drugs being studied that treat the patients immune and inflammatory responses that are out of control, which is associated with the most severe cases. Some of those are also in trials right now to see if they can help patients with the most severe disease. In many cases, if doctors have a patient whos on a vent, they throw the kitchen sink at them. They treat them with everything they can think of that might be safe. So, I think were going to see a lot of observational data like that: We used this to treat X number of patients, and they got better. From there, people will start doing randomized, controlled clinical trials.

The Potential Consequences of Rushing a VaccineMy biggest concerns are that we might approve a vaccine thats not effective. Theres only so much you can do to hurry the process along. People have talked about ways to speed this up, like doing human challenge trials, which I dont think is a very good idea because this is a deadly virus and we dont know what the long-term sequelae of being infected are. So, I think it would be almost impossible for people to actually give informed consent to participate in a human challenge trial like that. The other thing is that you wouldnt be getting data about how the vaccine works in the most vulnerable people. Older people or people with preexisting conditions that we know are risk factors would be excluded from a human challenge trial like that, so we wouldnt know if, say, the vaccine is less effective in those people.

The Socio-Political Fallout of COVID-19What I hope comes out of all of this is increased equitygender equity, equity for LGBTQ+ people, racial equity and religious equity. Thats easier said than done. This pandemic has made clear, at least as far as gender is concerned, that there are still very gendered responsibilities in our society. Many people are working from home, for example. Women tend to take on more of the housework and responsibilities for caring for others in their household. As a result, women have been disproportionately affected by that. In science, weve seen that women are submitting fewer papers. Theyre submitting fewer grant applications. To my knowledge, there isnt really a policy level plan to address this. One thing that Ive experienced both in my work and on the National Institutes of Health advisory committee to the Working Group on Changing the Culture to End Sexual Harassment is that its a challenge to even convince people theres a problem. Many menand some womenwill say, Im for equity. Im not racist. Im not sexist, but that doesnt change the fact that they arent actively doing anything against it. Thats what the Shut Down STEM movement and the Black Lives Matter protests have really drawn to peoples attentionthat its not enough to just not be racist or not be sexist or not be homophobic or transphobic. You have to actively be against those things.

See more here:
Angela Rasmussen '00: Getting to the Heart of COVID-19 - Smith College Grcourt Gate

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Onconova is developing a late-stage clinical asset and has run up 108% over the last month. With the run up completed, Onconova represents a more risky bet with an upcoming binary event. In the meantime, a recently published debate on Onconova's primary asset, Rigosertib, raises questions about the drug's MOA.

Back in June, and what seems like a lifetime ago by 2020 standards, I was going through my watch list of approximately 300 companies in the biotech space and finishing my quarterly review of quarterly earnings reports. An unlikely candidate rose up to the surface after being left to the outer darkness of my extended watch list for several years. Onconova, a development stage Phase 3 biotech with an upcoming catalyst in MDS and an attractive valuation (which at the time fully diluted was around $90M with an enterprise value of around $60M). That valuation felt low given the point at which they were at in their lifecycle.

I was familiar with this company from its original IPO. When it debuted, I was drawn in because it fell squarely in my zone of interest with its development of Rigosertib. At the time, the MOA was described as an inhibitor of PI3 kinase, which should function to slow cellular proliferation in various cancer indications. At the time, I was very interested in the potential of coupling genomic analysis with targeted cancer therapeutics, so Rigosertib fit nicely into the toolbox that I envisioned being utilized in individualized cancer therapies. The molecule had been first characterized by Dr. Premkumar Reddy, a highly accomplished cancer researcher, who also happens to be the original founder of Onconova. Dr. Reddy continues to be involved with the company as a member of their board of directors.

As of their last quarterly report, Onconova had a cash position of $31 Million. They have guided that they will not need to raise additional capital before the readout of INSPIRE. Additionally, since their financing activities in November of 2019, $10.6 Million in additional capital has come into the coffers via the exercising of outstanding warrants. The company indicated that there are approximately 29 million warrants outstanding at the end of March 2020, and 80% of them were in-the-money as of May 13th. They guide that they have sufficient cash to fund operations through 3Q2021. This was an attractive feature in my evaluation of the company that there would likely be no capital raise before the release of pivotal clinical results. Onconova appeared ripe for a run up.

Before I get started on all of the background on the history of Rigosertib I need to give enormous credit to Jonathan Weissman at University of California San Francisco, who published work on this subject that was incredibly informative on the various efforts in elucidating the MOA of Rigosertib. I have not interviewed Dr. Weissman, but his published work was a great resource for the background in this article. Prior to finding his work, we took a significant position in the company at a cost average of $0.45 per share. But recently, after reviewing his work published on July 2, 2020, and performing a retrospective and comprehensive analysis of the work of others in this space, we have closed the entirety of our position.

Early studies with Rigosertib revealed its promise as a potent anticancer agent. Initially, it was hypothesized by Reddy et al that the drug worked on polo-like kinase1 (Plk1) and arrested cells during mitosis and induced apoptosis. Mitotic spindle abnormalities were identified in these early studies which were deemed to be downstream from the compounds inhibition of Plk1. Binding affinity for Rigosertib to Plk1 was found by Reddy's group to be strong with an IC50 of 9-10nM.

Soon after this publication, others questioned the affinity of Rigosertib (referred to in early studies as ON01910). Steegmaier et al was testing the affinity of a different drug, BI 2536, against Plk1 and found no appreciable affinity of Rigosertib against Plk1 up to a concentration of 30,000nM. For those unfamiliar with binding studies, the IC50 represents the concentration at which 50% of the target would be inhibited, or bound. A lower IC50 means that the binding is more efficient. For a "good drug" we like to see low nano molar affinity for its target ligand, and no appreciable affinity for other "off-target" molecules.

Steegmaier's study found no appreciable direct binding of Plk1 at concentrations 3000 times higher than the IC50 that was determined by Reddy. Instead, Steegmaier claimed that "The cellular effects caused by ON01910 resembled the phenotype that is caused by treatment with low doses of microtubule depolymerizing agents rather than Plk1 RNAi. Supporting this notion, depolymerization of microtubules was clearly visible in interphase cells when these were treated with higher doses of ON01910".

I have not seen data where Reddy or Onconova retracted the Plk1 claim, but eventually additional studies were carried out by Reddy's group and it was proposed that Rigosertib targeted PI3 kinase signaling. However, here again, independent groups were unable to confirm this and similar to Steegmaier, Maki-Jouppilia et al implied that the effects of Rigosertib were targeted at the mitotic process rather than a modulator of signal transduction.

After Onconova's IPO I was drawn to the company because of the indication being tested. And although the trial was with IV Rigosertib, I liked that the drug was orally bioavailable and that the side effect profile looked pretty good. At the time of their IPO, they were conducting a Phase 3 trial dubbed "ONTIME" for Myelodysplastic Syndrome. For patients who are not good candidates for a stem cell transplant, MDS was essentially a death sentence with limited treatment options and it represented a largely untapped field for an effective new agent. At the time of their IPO, the only approved therapies were the hypomethylating agents, Azacitidine and Decitabine.

Since then, of course, three new agents have been approved in MDS. These are Lenalidomide for transfusion dependent del(5q) MDS, Luspatercept-aamt, and Inqovi (an oral combination of decitabine and cedazurine for intermediate and high risk MDS). Still, MDS patients have a poor prognosis, so Onconova represented precisely the type of drug and company that I feel good investing in. The ONTIME trial enrolled 299 MDS patients that were treated 2:1 in the Rigo arm. However, despite demonstrating signs of efficacy, the results failed to reach statistical significance. Median overall survival was 8.2 months in the Rigo group and 5.9 months in the best supportive care group, but the P value was 0.33. I'll come back to this data later in this article. But the bottom line is that ONTIME failed.

In the aftermath of the trial's failure, they were able to identify a sub-group of patients for whom the drug looked more promising. In the 184 patients who had progressed on or failed previous treatment with HMAs, the median survival was 8.5 months vs. 4.7 months (p=0.022). And the study was able to build on the SAE profile for Rigosertib with Grade 3/4 hematologic and non-hematologic AE's in less than 7% and 3% of patients, respectively. Not bad when you consider that the overall health of this patient group was pretty fragile.

So with this promising subgroup analysis, the company vowed to redo a Phase 3 trial looking at patients who matched the subgroup. That was right about when I lost track of them. The share price languished, resulting in two reverse splits and compromised capital raises involving warrants. I'm never a fan of warrants, but they have a place and time in attracting investment when the potential reward may be a way off.

It would cost Onconova a great deal of capital and an indeterminable period of time to bring the trial to fruition. In the meantime, additional pre-clinical data were generated by the company around Rigosertib's MOA.

A few words about subgroups before I continue. When we conduct clinical trials, we are simply conducting an experiment in which we seek to answer a question. Easy enough, right? In the land of biostatistics, when we design a clinical trial to answer one question, we utilize assumptions in our hypothesis to power the trial with the appropriate number of patients to answer the question...that question, and only that question. Very often, when a trial is completed, we generate lots of other data and within this data we almost always find other bits of interesting information. Sometimes this information can guide new experiments that will answer new questions. However, it is a bad idea to take this ancillary information as gospel. I was down at FDA some time ago to hear deputy director and FDA legend Robert Temple speak on this topic. He recanted a few fascinating examples.

One of the most referenced examples of subgroup analysis gone awry was in the Anturane Reinfarction Trial in which FDA rejected sulfinpyrazone for the prevention of sudden death following heart attack. This study looked at 1600 patients with a recent MI and followed them for two years. There was identified in the study a 74% reduction in sudden death in a subgroup of the treatment arm and multiple groups for which the p values were well under 0.05. However, the data excluded some patients and when the pooled group was analyzed as originally designed, the treatment failed to meet the threshold of statistical significance. Such was the data manipulation with Anturane that FDA published their rationale in NEJM as an example for the industry in 1980 and as I listened to Dr. Temple speak about this example literally 40 years after the original FDA decision, I was reminded about how timeless some clinical failures are in instructing the future. Another useful retrospective analysis of the trial can be found here. Ultimately, sulfinpyrazone was not found to be efficacious in preventing cardiac arrest or secondary MI in post infarction patients.

Expressed another way, subgroup analysis is kind of like shooting at a barn and then drawing a bullseye around the bullet hole. You would be correct in concluding after-the-fact that you hit the bullseye, but if you shoot at the barn a second time, you'll probably hit the barn again, but not the bullseye. Statistical significance is customarily accepted as a P value equal to or less than 0.05 or a less than 5% probability of happening by chance. When you allow multiplicity to occur with multiple subgroups, the probability of identifying a false positive is directly in proportion to the number of subgroups analyzed. For example, if you look at 20 different subgroups, you have nearly a 100% chance of identifying a false positive. Generally, companies present a subgroup finding not as a false positive, but as a potentially promising finding (but they generally neglect to mention that they cut up the data forwards, backwards and sideways to come to the finding). Here's another great article on the topic for those that want further reading.

Getting back to Onconova and Rigosertib, the new Phase 3 trial of Rigosertib in MDS was named "INSPIRE" and began enrolling patients in December of 2015. This trial would initially enroll 225 patients, again 2:1 Rigo vs. "Physician's choice". The primary endpoint would be overall survival as it had been in ONTIME, but also look at the International Prognostic Scoring System - Revised (IPSS-R) in the Very High-Risk (VHR) Subgroup. After an interim analysis by the Independent Data Monitoring Committee in early 2018, the trial was expanded to 360 patients on a pre-planned sample size re-estimation.

In the meantime, additional pre-clinical data were generated by Reddy et al., this time identifying Rigosertib as a RAS mimetic. A key journal publication in 2016 co-authored by Reddy, laid out compelling evidence that Rigosertib exerted its anticancer effects by binding the RAS binding domain (RBD) of RAS effectors, like RAF. Binding studies were reported with a sub-1nM Kd for both b-RAF and c-RAF. This new proposed MOA would represent a significant discovery because mutations in various RAS effector genes are implicated in 20-30% of cancers. If you follow the sector, you probably know that the RAS-pathway has been a prime, yet elusive target for cancer therapeutics. Several companies have pursued K-RAS and other RAS candidates (Amgen and Mirati, in particular), but the failures and only partial successes over the years have caused some to call RAS an "undruggable" target.

Unfortunately, as it was with Plk1 and PI3k, the controversy around Rigo's MOA didn't stop there. Although the company still regularly references the 2016 article, shortly after the article's publication, a different group, Ritt et al., conducted experiments in which they found Rigosertib did not block interaction of RAF with RAS, again at concentrations far higher than those looked at by Reddy's group. They did find signs of JNK signaling, but they could not conclude with the experiments conducted if the effect was direct or indirect, but since binding of RAS was unaffected, they concluded that any effects observed on RAS signaling would be indirect and downstream from Rigosertib's actual MOA. The only reason I can speculate as to the stark difference in binding between the two groups is that Reddy's group tested Rigo binding against a shortened version of the RAS Binding Domain of b-RAF and c-RAF in a recombinant construct rather than the whole protein.

Meanwhile, Anang Shelat's research group at St. Judes published work in 2016 applying phenotypic grouping to 154 molecules, including Rigosertib. The study was conceived as a methodology in high throughput screening for novel drug candidates. As they ran the exercise, 78% of the molecules correctly matched to the phenotypic class previously identified for them. One of the notable failures from the study was Rigosertib which classified in the study as a microtubule disruptor rather than an inhibitor of intracellular signaling with Plk1. The study also referenced a structural analysis of another compound in the study, TL-77, which was a close analog of Rigosertib. It's MOA? Strong direct inhibition of tubulin polymerization, and no interaction with Plk1 or PI3k signaling pathways.

All of the controversy caught the eye of Jonathan Weissman, who was using a CRISPR-mediated chemical-genetic strategy for identifying molecular targets. Applying his method to Rigosertib pointed to a MOA as a microtubule-destabilizing agent, but then he went further to demonstrate direct tubulin binding in several cell lines, and also by showing Rigosertib's ability to inhibit microtubule growth in vitro in a concentration specific manner. He went on to identify the colchicine site of tubulin as the Rigosertib binding site by isolating and analyzing crystal structures of the complex formed by alpha and beta tubulin. Finally, he identified a beta tubulin mutant with modifications in the colchicine binding site that conferred resistance to Rigosertib. In my view, Weissman's work was pretty comprehensive.

Brief side note: Colchicine was originally derived from the autumn crocus in the 1800s and is still used for the treatment of gout. If you're an adept botanist, be careful, because too much is deadly because of its anti-mitotic effects. Many early therapies have their origins in flower extracts, as was the case with the Madagascar periwinkle. In the 1950s, researchers from Eli Lilly noticed that the flower extract significantly decreased the level of white blood cells in mice, which lead to the discovery of two mitotic disrupting molecules, Vincristine and Vinblastine, which are still widely used today globally.

The disagreement between Reddy and Weissman culminated in the journal Molecular Cell on July 2, 2020, with dual publications on the matter. Reddy's group published data that a contaminant impurity in commercially available Rigosertib, ON01500, was responsible for the tubulin binding rather than Rigosertib itself, and that in Pharmaceutical grade Rigosertib, the impurity is absent and therefore, does not bind Tubulin. However, in response to this study, Weissman's group repeated the analysis on Pharmaceutical grade Rigosertib and was able to repeat their previous results.

Not only did Weissman repeat the results of microtubule inhibition with pharmaceutical grade Rigosertib, but they also went on to refute Reddy's rebuttal to Weissman's original study nearly point by point. Rather than go through the rebuttal section by section, you should read the paper, and especially the discussion section for yourself here. While they don't specifically accuse Reddy or Onconova of fabricating data, they write, "We find it impossible to reconstruct what may have led to these conflicting results and thus choose not to speculate about the origins."

Whenever I invest in a drug-in-development, I always feel better when I can find independent research saying similar things about the drug and/or target. That was actually how I ran into the conflicting research because I was digging into the MOA so that I could learn more and write an article in support of the company (we were long at the time). But that's science, it doesn't always give you the answers you want. When you can couple unbiased and independent scientific literature to rationalize claims put out by companies on the FDA development path, you will always have a stronger probability of success. That just wasn't the case with Onconova, unfortunately, and I adjusted accordingly.

With Rigosertib, you essentially have the company and the founder behind the company saying one thing, and then the scientific community at large saying something else. That said, I'm certain Reddy and Onconova utilize collaborators and/or contractors that may have independently verified some or all of their data, but the truth remains that I cannot find any truly independent research published that agrees with the company's findings. Their publications and the science behind them appear to be well thought out. Unlike the independently published literature, the company, and presumably Reddy, have a financial interest in the success of Rigosertib. So it begs the question why the company is seemingly in denial of what I would characterize as comprehensive and compelling evidence from multiple research groups over nearly 15 years that Rigosertib is functioning as a microtubule-destabilizing agent.

I don't think this really changes the current INSPIRE trial. Obviously, that trial is now on autopilot until it reads out later in the year. But for everything else in the hopper for Rigosertib, and in particular, its recently announced investigation into K-RAS mutated lung adenocarcinoma, this changes everything. The rationale for the trial is that Rigosertib exerts a direct effect on RAS signaling, but the external evidence suggests that any effect on RAS is indirect and secondary to its primary MOA on tubulin. In other words, the rationale for this trial is likely misguided. In my view, the company needs to take a harder look at the external data generated about Rigo's MOA and potentially retool their entire clinical strategy if they can change their view at some point. This includes their hints of Rigosertib's potential utility in COVID-19, based on this. I don't think you could argue that Vincristine with its MOA in mitotic arrest would be a logical approach for COVID-19, a similar rationale would probably follow for Rigosertib.

It's worth remembering that subgroup analyses often result in false positives that are likely to fail when retested. On that basis, INSPIRE is more than likely going to fail. However, I think INSPIRE has a chance of reading out with a nominal survival benefit in MDS. Here is my rationale. In the ONTIME trial, there appeared to be a survival benefit that failed to achieve statistical significance. Recall overall survival was 8.2 months in the treatment group and 5.9 months in the BSC group. In the treatment experienced subgroup, the survival in the BSC group was lower and Rigo arm was slightly higher, and this pushed the subgroup P value below the threshold of 0.05. So without seeing the totality of the data, I think that the study didn't have so much of an efficacy problem, but rather a standard deviation problem where this original study included both treatment naive and treatment experienced patients. I suspect that this variety in the disease timeline for patients enrolled in ONTIME resulted in a greater standard deviation in the survival and that if they had picked a more specific group, they may have pulled off a win the first time around.

That said, 2.3 months, or even the 3.8 months in the subgroup, isn't a huge survival benefit, but it is possible that with a more refined patient population as they've built into the INSPIRE trial, that the deviation will be lower and they will achieve the P value needed to deem it successful. Plus, they have two shots on goal with the trial design looking at the total study population, but also the Very High Risk (VHR) sub-population. In summary, I estimate INSPIRE has a 40% chance of success. Not great, but not terrible odds if you're the gambling type. However, if you are invested thinking that this is a slam dunk, you should probably adjust accordingly.

If INSPIRE fails, I think Onconova has a difficult decision to make in terms of continuing to throw money at a drug that has failed two Phase 3's. In other words, if INSPIRE fails, I think they go to zero. If INSPIRE succeeds, the company will have lots of work to complete for an NDA. The share price will spike, however, if I worked for FDA, I can already imagine lots of additional questions I would want answered about Rigosertib. Their recent denial of the published literature may work for regaining Nasdaq compliance, but it's not going to work on the mother ship.

For me, the more concerning thing is the company's reluctance to embrace the external science that points to a MOA that differs from the company's public pronouncement that Rigosertib acts on the RAS pathway. After my review of the literature on this matter, I emailed Investor Relations at Onconova on July 22. My question was simple, does Onconova acknowledge or refute the Weissman study that was published alongside the company's study on July 2, 2020. The next day I received an email back that the company had put out a PR that essentially restated their position on the matter and addressed NONE of the criticism of their own study. I found their response lacking given the strong and cogent data presented by Weissman. A Latin legal principle comes to mind, "Falsus in uno, falsus in omnibus".

Like many these days, I enjoy reading the conversations and comments on StockTwits and Twitter (mostly as a quiet observer) for the various equities I follow. If nothing else, they're entertaining. When you look at Onconova specifically you'll find a population of 30,000+ investors that are "in the room". Many posters claim to have completed significant due diligence on the company, yet none of them have challenged the company on the vast body of published data questioning the assertions of the company regarding the MOA of Rigosertib. Moreover, I witnessed many investors claim that the July 23rd PR stimulated by my innocent question to Investor Relations was "Great news".

With professional sports on a seemingly indefinite pause, many retail investors who have never made direct investments in equities are throwing money in the ring. Call it a combination of boredom and nowhere else to spend your stimulus checks, I suppose. If you're looking for big gains, biotech can indeed be a point of differentiation in your portfolio, and nowhere are these gains (and losses) bigger than with the small caps. However, credible investors in the biotech space need to question everything and not simply rely on the claims of the company and/or other investors to decide where to put their money. We are in interesting times, folks, and the technical and momentum traders treat any shred of PR like free press, even if they don't understand the reason behind it. The Sheriff of Nottingham will take your gold soon enough if you fail to do your homework.

In summary, Onconova has enjoyed a significant appreciation in share value, but investors should tread carefully into the readout of INSPIRE and consider how the conflicting data around Rigosertib's MOA could potentially impact the overall value and potential of this drug.

Disclosure: I/we have no positions in any stocks mentioned, and no plans to initiate any positions within the next 72 hours. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it. I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.

Read more:
Onconova And The Conflict Lurking Beneath The Hype - Seeking Alpha

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

When my sister and I were young, we liked to come home from school and turn on Guiding Light, a soap opera on CBS. We only ever caught the last fifteen minutes of the hour-long show, but, because it wasnt particularly subtle, this was plenty of time to follow even its most involved plotlinessuch as when Reva Shayne, a nine-times-married character who had arcs as a talk-show host, a psychic, the princess of a fictional island, and a time traveller to the Civil War and Nazi Germany, had to fight Dolly, a devious clone that her most recent husband had made of her in order to spare her children from grief during the most recent of her presumed deaths.

Guiding Light began, in 1937, as a radio show to promote a soap called Duz. (Duz does everything.) When it went off the air, in 2009, it was the longest-running show in broadcast history. It was owned, until the end, not by CBS but by Procter & Gamble, which began as a soap company and has been credited with inventing modern advertising in America. In addition to promoting its brands with paintings on trolley cars and billboards, the company developed more than twenty radio and television dramas. The first, Oxydols Own Ma Perkins, premired in 1933; the last, As The World Turns, left the airwaves in 2010, by which time the term soap opera had become freestanding. You could even watch them, as I did, without ever knowing they had anything to do with a soap company.

It was easy, until the COVID-19 outbreak, not to think very often or very deeply about soap. Early in the pandemic, this began to change. We learned which pop songs had choruses that we could sing to keep us scrubbing for a full twenty seconds; we learned that, at least during the pre-lockdown period, the lines outside mens rooms grew suddenly longerlikely because (according to one study) only thirty-one per cent of men had previously been in the habit of washing their hands after using the bathroom. As distilleries and breweries pivoted to producing hand sanitizer, the Times ran a piece explaining why old-fashioned soap was actually better at destroying the coronavirus: the hydrophobic tails of soap molecules bond with the lipid membrane that protects the virus, literally ripping it apart, while their hydrophilic heads bond with the water that washes the dead virus away. Like many people, I developed a new appreciation for soap, imagining with grim satisfaction a scene of microscopic destruction each time I scrubbed my hands.

So this has been a strange time to be reading a book by a medical doctor which takes a critical view of the soap industry and begins with the sentence Five years ago, I stopped showering.

Let me clarify at once that James Hamblin, a staff writer at The Atlantic and the author of Clean: The New Science of Skin (Riverhead), is still an advocate of regular handwashing, indisputably a world-changing innovation in public health, and of especially crucial importance at this moment in history. (Hamblin also writes that he would never wear a white coat two days in a row without cleaning it.) But hes doubtful about all the scrubbing and soapingnot to mention moisturizing and deodorizing and serum-and-acid applicationto which we subject the rest of our bodys largest organ, and about the companies that spend a lot of money to convince us that we must do so to be clean.

Soap is an ancient invention, so old that we can only assume it was the lucky result of animal fat spilling into fire ash and some people being alert enough to notice the cleaning power of the resulting lather. Still, early versions, made with lye, could burn skin, and were used more often for laundry than for people. Bathing more commonly involved water, sand, pumice, scrapers, and oils or perfumesthough in certain places the whole notion was seen as dangerous. Some historical records suggest that washing was comparatively rare in the Western world: Marco Polo wrote of his surprise at how frequently people in India and China bathed, and Ahmad ibn Fadlan, who travelled from the court of Baghdad to the Volga River in the early tenth century, wrote that the people he met on his journey did not wash after eating, shitting, peeing, or having sex, and were the filthiest of Allahs creatures. The French historian Jules Michelet described the European Middle Ages as a thousand years without a bath.

In America, soap made for skin became commonly sold only in the nineteenth century, largely as a way to make money from the leftovers of the meatpacking industry, which produced large quantities of unused animal fat. Entrepreneurs added potash and made soap, for which they then needed to create public demand. These early soapers included William Procter and James Gamble, who began working together after marrying a pair of sisters; another familial pair, whose company name eventually changed from Lever Brothers to Unilever; and a man named William Wrigley, Jr., who gave away chewinggum as a promotion for his soap, but found that the gum was in higher demand.

Last year, the beauty-and-personal-care market in the U.S. was valued at nearly a hundred billion dollars, which makes it hard to imagine a time when people had to be persuaded to use soap. But the soap industry, Hamblin argues, serves as an effective introduction to the history of American marketing. Early soap companies pioneered many techniques that we still see today: a single company owning lots of competing brands with nearly identical products, in order to foster feelings of consumer choice and loyalty; the use of sponsored content, such as the soap operas or Procter & Gambles How to Bring Up a Baby, which was part health pamphlet and part advertisement. The ad campaigns created a sense of lurking danger in the competition by claiming that their own products were safer and purer, or they promoted, as product virtues, obscure, jargony terms (triple milled) that consumers assumed to be important simply because they were touted on a package. The companies leaned, not at all subtly, on racism and classism to sell their products. They even used people who would now be called influencers, such as the film stars who appeared in 9 out of 10 screen stars use Lux Toilet Soap ads. Lever never even paid them, Hamblin writes, and the practice being so new, the stars apparently didnt think to ask.

The other innovation was to create, and then meet, needs that people didnt know they had. Hamblin notes that B.O. began as a marketing term, and that many soaps advertised as antimicrobial and antibacterial were less safethan standard soap, leaving behind dangerous compounds. (Many products that we now think of as soaps are actually detergents, made from synthetic compounds.)

Meanwhile, soap companies, in order to expand their product lines, had to sell the idea that soap was insufficient on its ownor that its effects had to be undone by yet more products, Hamblin writes. You needed separate soaps for your hair, your body, your face, and even for different members of a family. (Albert Einstein, asked why he didnt use shaving cream, then newly invented, is reported to have replied, Two soaps? That is too complicated!) To offset the drying effects of soap, you then needed other productsconditioners, moisturizers, toners. Hamblin identifies the 1957 introduction of Dove, whose cleaning power is reduced because its mixed with moisturizer, as the moment when the industry started moving toward selling a product that would do nothing at all.

Continued here:
Rethinking the Science of Skin - The New Yorker

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

How the thymus shaped immunology

The function of the thymus was discovered by Jacques Miller in 1961 and laid a foundation for immunology and modern medicine. Until that time, researchers mistakenly believed the thymus merely represented a remnant of defunct lymph tissue, something of an immune cell graveyard. In a Review, Miller recounts the seminal experiments and conceptual thinking that led to uncovering the critical function of the thymus and provides insights that can be learned from those early days. How knowledge of thymus function subsequently spawned the field of T cell biology and the impact it has had on immune cell interactions, vaccination, cancer immunotherapy, and the microbiome are also discussed.

Science, this issue p. eaba2429

Until the 1960s, the thymus had long remained an enigmatic organ with no known function or was considered to be just a graveyard for dying lymphocytes. By contrast, the circulating small lymphocytes found in blood and lymph had been shown in the late 1950s to be long-lived cells able to initiate an immune response when appropriately stimulated by antigen. However, although the thymus was known to be populated with lymphocytes, immunologists had not attributed any immune function to the organ. There were many reasons for this. For example, the cytological hallmarks of an immune response, such as the presence of plasma cells and germinal centers, were not seen in the thymus of healthy animals even after extensive immunization. Thymus lymphocytes, unlike lymphocytes from blood and lymphoid tissues, were unable to mount an immune response on transfer to immunocompromised recipients. Furthermore, thymectomy, which had always been performed in adult animals, was not associated with any immune defects.

In 1961, thymectomy was performed in mice during the immediate neonatal period and revealed the critically important function of the thymus in enabling the development of the immune system. Neonatally thymectomized (NTx) mice were highly susceptible to intercurrent infections, deficient in lymphocytes, unable to reject foreign skin grafts or produce antibody to some (though not all) antigens, and prone to developing certain tumors. There was no major immune defect after adult thymectomy unless the lymphoid tissues had been damaged by total body irradiation. Implanting thymus tissue into NTx mice or irradiated adult thymectomized mice restored immune function. When the thymus graft was taken from a foreign strain, the thymectomized recipients were found to be specifically tolerant of the histocompatibility antigens of the donor. This implied that the thymus was responsible not only for the normal development of immune functions but also for imposing tolerance to the bodys own tissues.

The thymus was shown to seed the lymphoid system with T lymphocytes that migrated to certain discrete areas of the lymphoid tissues and recirculated from the blood through lymphoid tissues, lymph, and back to the bloodstream. T cells exiting the thymus were found to be responsible for killing infected cells and for rejecting foreign tissue grafts. Therefore, T cells could soon be subdivided into subsets based on function, cell surface markers, and secreted products or interleukins. Thymus lymphoid stem cells were subsequently identified, and the epithelial and dendritic cells in the thymus were shown to greatly influence T cell development. They were able to educate T cells to recognize a great diversity of peptide antigens bound to the bodys own markers, major histocompatibility complex molecules, but purged any T cells that strongly reacted against the bodys own self-components. The use of irradiated adult thymectomized mice showed that T cells were not the precursors of antibody-forming cells but were essential to help, through some type of collaboration, other lymphocytes originating in bone marrow (B cells) to respond to antigen by producing antibody.

The discovery of thymus function and of T and B cell collaboration was a major immunological milestone because it not only opened up the field of immune cell interactions but also changed the course of immunology and medicine. It promoted the need for all immune phenomena, for example, memory, tolerance, autoimmunity, and immunodeficiency, as well as inflammatory and immunopathological disease conditions, to be reassessed in terms of the role played by the two distinct sets of lymphocytes and their subsets. We now know that T cells are involved in the entire spectrum of tissue physiology and pathology and even in situations not considered to be bona fide immunological conditions, such as tissue repair, dysbiosis, eclampsia, senescence, and cancer.

Hemopoietic stem cells originating in the yolk sac, fetal liver, or bone marrow migrate through the blood to the thymus, where they differentiate into T lymphocytes. Others differentiate within the bone marrow in mammals, or the bursa of Fabricius in birds, to produce B cells. Mature T and B cells circulate in the blood and lymph and colonize the T and B cell compartments of the lymphoid tissues.

The lymphoid system is intimately involved in immunological processes. The small lymphocyte that circulates through blood into lymphoid tissues, then through the lymph and back to the blood through the thoracic duct, is able to initiate immune responses after appropriate stimulation by antigen. However, the lymphocytes found in the thymus are deficient in this ability despite the fact that the thymus plays a central role in lymphocyte production and in ensuring the normal development of immunological faculty. During embryogenesis, lymphocytes are present in the thymus before they can be identified in the circulation and in other lymphoid tissues. They become educated in the thymus to recognize a great diversity of peptide antigens bound to the bodys own marker antigen, the major histocompatibility complex, but they are purged if they strongly react against their own self-components. Lymphocytes differentiate to become various T cell subsets and then exit through the bloodstream to populate certain areas of the lymphoid system as peripheral T lymphocytes with distinct markers and immune functions.

Follow this link:
The function of the thymus and its impact on modern medicine - Science

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Lets face it: all this face mask wearing is not too hot on our skin. Its necessary and its safe, of course! But if youve been struggling with maskne (mask acne) lately, youre not alone. And many area salons offer some great maskne-zapping treatments.

As the state slowly lifts COVID-19 restrictions, salons and spas have opened back up to resume highly regulated operations. Here, we spoke with some local licensed estheticians to hear their thoughts on how salons are looking different these days, recommended facial treatments, and what you can do to help your skin from the safety of your own home for those who are immunocompromised or not comfortable venturing out just yet.

Although they reopened for select services on June 30, Interlocks Salon & Spa in Newburyport only offered mask-on spa treatments at first, for the safety of clients and staff. As of yesterday, July 28, theyve resumed all spa and medspa services, but things look a little different now, with a limited schedule, reduced staff, and lots of PPE. They got creative in the massage rooms, fastening a fabric cradle under the headrests so clients can safely remove their masks during the appointment.

Kyla Salon in Beverly also detailed their new safety measuresthey wont schedule clients within a half hour of each other, clients must wear masks until theyre inside the treatment room, and theyre not offering their usual coffee or magazines that multiple people might touch.

Interlocks and RN Esthetics are both offering virtual consultations so you can safely talk to a professional about whatever you skin might need.

Thats the thing with skin care or anything in the beauty industry, reallyit cant be one size fits all, says Jordan Becker, director of marketing and business development at Interlocks. Were all unique and all have different needs. So its all about creating a conversation opportunity so we can get the client that level of care they need.

Maskne is a little different than regular acne because its caused by friction, explains Brenna Rees, Kyla Salons esthetician, which then causes inflammation in your skin. Combine constant mask wearing with sun exposure, Rees says, and our skin is experiencing a whole lot of irritation and inflammation right now.

Rees recommends a facial with CBD, which is known for calming inflammation and irritation. Kylas CBD Facial usesSaint Jane Luxury Beauty Serum, which you can also pick up at their store for incorporation into your everyday routine. Its chock-full of calming botanical ingredients like buckthorn, calendula, and rose, along with full-spectrum CBD.

RN Esthetics recommends their soothing and nourishing Hydrafacial treatment for those struggling with maskne. For those not coming into the office, says RN Esthetics co-founder Michelle Doran, weve put together an at home skin treatment. Doran recommends the ZO Skin HealthGentle CleanserandEnzymatic Peel, which helps soothe, smooth, and hydrate skinpick up these and other ZO products at RN Esthetic in Lynnfield or Newburyport.

While masks can cause acne, they can also increase signs of aging when they rub near your eyes where youre already prone to fine lines and wrinkles, says Rees. She recommends theRestorative Hydration Cream by Calecim, a skincare line powered by stem cells, as it works to visibly plump the skin.

Interlocks aesthetician Kassandra C. recommends products from iS Clinical for different types of maskne issues. If youre experiencing more redness and irritation, the iS ClinicalSheald Recovery Balm provides a soothing barrier to relieve tightness and dehydration. For blemishes and clogged pores, she recommends theActive Serum, a popular formula that reduces the appearance of blemishes and fine lines while evening skin tone and texture.

We also recommend aSulfur Masque at night if youre breaking out, says Doran, and double cleansing twice per day.

You can still treat yourself to an at-home facial even if you dont have any maskne problems youre trying to fix. Kyla salons herbalist Madison Murray sells a facial steam, called Super Natural, from her natural skincare line. A tea and a facial steam in one, in includes orange peel, peppermint, lemon, licorice root, coriander seed, and parsley. Add a scoop to boiling water and simply lower your face over it for five to ten minutes.

If you want to treat yourself, give yourself a nice little massage with your cleanser, then do the steam, then do a facemask to finish it up, says Rees. The herbal mix, full of vitamin C and antioxidants, is also great for your lungs, which we all know we need to be taking extra care of right now, adds Rees.

Rees says shes recently being doing more lash lifts and tints because our eyes are really the only visible part of our faces right now. Becker also encourages clients to try out some new eye treatments. Interlocks offers a HydraFacial Eye Perk along with lash extensions, lifts, and tints.

Try lash extensions, up your makeup game, says Becker. were all wearing a mask all the time, so lets figure out ways to cope with it. I think one of the best ways, fun ways, is to try something new.

As with everything we do nowadays, our estheticians are giving up this tried and true advice: embrace the new norm.

For more information, visit interlockssalon.com, kylasalon.com, and rnestheticsandlaser.com

Excerpt from:
Bring the Salon Home: Skin Care Tips from North Shore Estheticians - nshoremag.com

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Doctor

Photo courtesy of Getty Images

MISSION, Kan., July 28, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- (Family Features) Despite progress in treating lung cancer, it is the leading cause of cancer deaths and impacts communities across the United States. The most common form of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC is a complex disease that can be challenging to treat, which may feel overwhelming and unsettling for people facing the disease.

Advanced lung cancer is devastating, so the fact that additional treatment options are now available that have the potential to extend the lives of patients gives us hope, said Bonnie J. Addario, lung cancer survivor and co-founder and chair, GO2 Foundation. Its exciting that this is a combination of immunotherapies, which brings a whole new approach for patients and physicians to consider when discussing treatment options.

A Chemo-Free Treatment Option A first-of-its-kind, chemotherapy-free treatment option was recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a first treatment for certain adults with advanced NSCLC, or NSCLC that has spread to other parts of the body. This treatment is a prescription medicine that is a combination of two immunotherapies, Opdivo (nivolumab) and Yervoy (ipilimumab), and it can be used for adults newly diagnosed with advanced NSCLC that tests positive for PD-L1 but do not have an abnormal EGFR or ALK gene.

Opdivo can cause problems that can sometimes become serious or life threatening and can lead to death. Serious side effects may include lung problems (pneumonitis); intestinal problems (colitis) that can lead to tears or holes in your intestine; liver problems (hepatitis); hormone gland problems (especially the thyroid, pituitary, adrenal glands, and pancreas); kidney problems, including nephritis and kidney failure; skin problems; inflammation of the brain (encephalitis); problems in other organs; severe infusion reactions; and complications of stem-cell transplant that uses donor stem cells (allogeneic). Additional serious side effects of Yervoy alone include: nerve problems that can lead to paralysis; eye problems; and complications of stem-cell transplant that uses donor stem cells (allogeneic). Please see Important Facts about side effects for Opdivo and Yervoy below.

The Chance for a Longer Life In a study of 793 previously untreated patients whose tumors tested positive for PD-L1, 396 were given the immunotherapy combination of Opdivo + Yervoy and 397 were given platinum-based chemotherapy. Treatment with the immunotherapy combination reduced the risk of death by 21%, with half of patients treated with the immunotherapy combination still alive at 17.1 months and half of patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy still alive at 14.9 months. This analysis was conducted at a minimum follow-up of 29.3 months.

In additional analyses, 63% of patients treated withthe immunotherapy combinationand 56% treated with platinum-based chemotherapy were alive at one year, and 40% and 33% at two years, respectively.At three years, 33% of patients treated withthe immunotherapy combination and 22% of those treated with platinum-based chemotherapy were still alive. The analysis at these time points was not designed to show a difference between Opdivo + Yervoy and platinum-based chemotherapy.

The most common side effects of OPDIVO, when used in combination with YERVOY, include: feeling tired; diarrhea; rash; itching; nausea; pain in muscles, bones, and joints; fever; cough; decreased appetite; vomiting; stomach-area (abdominal) pain; shortness of breath; upper respiratory tract infection; headache; low thyroid hormone levels (hypothyroidism); decreased weight; and dizziness. The most common side effects of YERVOY include: feeling tired; diarrhea; nausea; itching; rash; vomiting; headache; weight loss; fever; decreased appetite; and difficulty falling or staying asleep. Please see Important Facts about side effects for Opdivo and Yervoy below.

As an oncologist who treats patients facing this particularly challenging disease, the fact that Opdivo plus Yervoy has shown overall survival at three years is important, said Hossein Borghaei, D.O., chief of thoracic medical oncology division at Fox Chase Cancer Center and an investigator in the clinical study.

Being diagnosed with lung cancer can be challenging and life-changing. Advancements in NSCLC bring additional treatment options that may enable certain patients a chance to live longer lives.

For more information, visit Opdivo.com or talk to you doctor about treatment options.

INDICATIONOpdivo (nivolumab) is a prescription medicine used in combination with Yervoy (ipilimumab) as a first treatment for adults with a type of advanced stage lung cancer (called non-small cell lung cancer) when your lung cancer has spread to other parts of your body (metastatic) and your tumors are positive for PD-L1, but do not have an abnormal EGFR or ALK gene.

It is not known if OPDIVO is safe and effective in children younger than 18 years of age.

OPDIVO (10 mg/mL) and YERVOY (5 mg/mL) are injections for intravenous (IV) use.

IMPORTANTSAFETYINFORMATION forOPDIVO(nivolumab) + YERVOY(ipilimumab)

OPDIVO is a medicine that may treat certain cancers by working with your immune system. OPDIVO can cause your immune system to attack normal organs and tissues in any area of your body and can affect the way they work. These problems can sometimes become serious or life-threatening and can lead to death. These problems may happen anytime during treatment or even after your treatment has ended. Some of these problems may happen more often when OPDIVO is used in combination with YERVOY.

YERVOY can cause serious side effects in many parts of your body which can lead to death. These problems may happen anytime during treatment with YERVOY or after you have completed treatment.

Serious side effects may include:

Additional serious side effects observed during a separate study of YERVOY alone include:

Get medical help immediatelyif you develop any of these symptoms or they get worse. It may keep these problems from becoming more serious. Your healthcare team will check you for side effects during treatment and may treat you with corticosteroid or hormone replacement medicines. If you have a serious side effect, your healthcare team may also need to delay or completely stop your treatment.

OPDIVO and OPDIVO + YERVOY can cause serious side effects, including:

Pregnancy and Nursing:

Tell your healthcare provider about:

The most common side effects of OPDIVO, when used in combination with YERVOY, include: feeling tired; diarrhea; rash; itching; nausea; pain in muscles, bones, and joints; fever; cough; decreased appetite; vomiting; stomach-area (abdominal) pain; shortness of breath; upper respiratory tract infection;headache; low thyroid hormone levels (hypothyroidism); decreased weight; and dizziness.

These are not all the possible side effects. For more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visitwww.fda.gov/medwatch or call 1-800-FDA-1088.

Please see U.S. Full Prescribing Information and Medication Guide for OPDIVO and YERVOY.

Michael Frenchmfrench@familyfeatures.com1-888-824-3337editors.familyfeatures.com

About Family Features Editorial SyndicateA leading source for high-quality food, lifestyle and home and garden content, Family Features provides readers with topically and seasonally relevant tips, takeaways, information, recipes, videos, infographics and more. Find additional articles and information at Culinary.net and eLivingToday.com.

A photo accompanying this announcement is available at https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/5c174110-3d0e-4a76-a2bc-46e0ebc4e6a5

Link:
Advances in Treating Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer - GlobeNewswire

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

SIX patients who were suffering from the acute coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) were cured through the stem cell technology using blood from preserved umbilical cords.

The revolutionary method of curing the dreaded virus, which originated in China and has spread worldwide, was announced by The Medical City (TMC) hospital in Pasig City.

Health Secretary Francisco Duque 3rd was informed of the breakthrough in treating the pandemic illness through a letter sent by Dr. Eugenio F. Ramos, TMC president and chief executive officer, on Thursday, July 23.

Our government, particularly the Department of Health, can take pride in the fact that the Philippines is not behind at all in innovative practice in medicine, said Ramos in his letter to Duque.

The TMC has been experimenting with stem cell therapy since 2015 through its Institute of Personalized Molecular Medicines stem cell program.

The stem cell experiment was made on seven Covid-19 patients who were so ill they were about to be intubated.

Intubation means inserting a tube into the patients mouth that reaches the trachea to allow him/her to breathe through a lung machine.

Six of the seven patients had recovered, the TMC said; one was so ill he died during the procedure.

As I told you this morning, we would have wanted to complete at least 10 Covid-19 cases before informing you, but it might be taken against us if we kept this knowledge from the public too long while patients are dying and no single drug seems to work, Dr. Ramos told Duque.

Ramos simplified for the public how the stem cell therapy works:

Stem cells are very young cells from the body that can be differentiated into whatever cell lines (lung, heart, kidney, liver, skin, etc.) that the body needs when it needs them, e.g., when an organ is injured or deteriorates. Stem cells can be triggered or infused to do [repair] work.

In severe Covid-19 cases, what triggers a cascade of inflammatory cells (called cytokines) is the injury caused by the virus. The lungs, in particular, become inflamed and the respiratory function rapidly deteriorates leading to death.

Before the cascade happens in which case the patient is in a severe condition probably requiring intubation the infusion of mesenchymal stem cells collected [from] the umbilical cord and grown in [the regenerative medicine laboratory of TMC into the patients veins, takes place.

A total of four infusions are given over a short period of a few days. These messenchymal stem cells rally the cells in the lungs to fight the cytokines.

In short, the stem cells from the umbilical cord produce new cells to replace those damaged by the virus in the lungs, leading to the patients recovery.

The umbilical cord is rich in nutrients to rebuild destroyed tissues, according to Ramos.

TMCs stem cell program also makes use of bone marrow taken from a patients spine to cure cancer.

But the bone marrow stem cell is also used to delay the aging process in elderly patients.

TMC had the most number of bone marrow transplantation for blood cancers, with more than 90 percent survival rate, said Dr. Ramos.

Since 2015, a total of 112 patients have enrolled in TMCs regenerative medicine program.

Of the total, 57 percent were cancer patients and 43 percent were non-cancer patients, said TMCs Dr. Michelle Joy Baldorado-de Vera.

Oncologists (doctors who specialize in cancer) are part of the regenerative medicine program Alan Olavere, Marina Chua-Tan and Josephine Tolentino.

Other members are hematologists (blood doctors) Norma Ona and Alma Calavera, neurologists John Tiongson and Marc Joseph Buensalido, and immunologist Michelle de Vera.

Dr. Sam Bernal, a Filipino American who grew up in the United States, is a consultant to the program.

Bernal is a molecular scientist and an oncologist who has been into stem cell technology for decades.

He was part of the foreign group that was tapped by the government for technology transfer.

Former Health secretary Alfredo Bengzon, who is a part owner of TMC, engaged Bernal to pioneer stem cell therapy in the country.

TMC has had foreign patients who underwent stem cell therapy, but refuses to disclose their number.

As is the norm among Filipinos who have the crab mentality, TMCs stem cell program has been criticized by fellow doctors.

Weve been defending the program from the outset, said Dr. Ramos.

But its not only TMC that has been into stem cell therapy; the other hospitals are the Makati Medical Center and the governments National Kidney and Transplant Institute.

Link:
A breakthrough: Stem cell therapy cures Covid-19 The Manila Times - The Manila Times

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

I walk through a garden and see a rainbow of bloomsall shapes, sizes, colors and scents. But put a cosmetic chemist in that same garden, and chances are they will see a million different skin-care formulations just waiting to be tinkered with in a lab. Nature is the best chemist in the world, says Boldijarre Koronczay, president of minence Organic Skin Care. Due to their healing powers and potent actives, flowers can benefit just about every skin issue, from acne to aging.

Floral ScienceEvidence of flowers used for skin treatments dates back to 1500 BC when ancient Egyptians created ointments combined with essential oils, aromatic waters, resins and incense for the mummification process. We dont know for certain, but it is possible that the skin (of the embalmer) improved in areas that came in contact with these substances, leading to the use of them on living subjects, says Paula Provenzano, national education manager for Jurlique. New York dermatologist Heidi Waldorf, MD adds that archaeological remains of bottles have revealed that Egyptians knew how to extract essential oils from flowers, including geranium and rose, with a technique called enfleurage that involves soaking parts of the flower in oil.

Edouard Mauvais-Jarvis, director of scientific and environmental communications for Dior, says the skin-care benefits of flowers stem from their desperate need to protect themselves. Flowers have a huge advantage over us: They have more than 1.2 billion years of evolution; they are the most evolved part of the vegetal world, he explains. But, they have a big disadvantage, too: They are not able to move, so they cannot escape environmental aggressions that surround them, such as UV rays, oxidative stress, climate variations, draught and frost. As a result, they have developed an extremely rich biodiversity of molecules made to defend their structures. To extract these molecules from flowers and create precious essential oils, chemists typically use steam distillation: Hot steam causes dried flowers to open up and release their oils, nutrients and liquids.

On skin-care ingredient labels, floral extracts are listed by their INCI name (International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients), which aligns with the Latin or scientific name. More than 28,000 INCI names, published by the Personal Care Products Council, have been developed by the INCI Committee with participation by the FDA.

Beauty BloomsOne flower is not more beneficial than another for the skin, says Fresh cofounder Alina Roytberg. Different flowers provide different benefits that address skins varying needs. From petal to stem, these six flowers bear complexion- perfecting essential oils.

HibiscusINCI Name: Hibiscus sabdariffaAccording to Michelle Shieh, scientific communications manager at Amorepacific, a hibiscus tree boasts vitality that is powerful enough to blossom up to 5,000 flowers over 100 days. The team at Mamonde researched this vitality and discovered active moisturizing substances in the outer layer of hibiscus roots, she explains. These substances have the ability to form a strong protective moisture barrier on the skin and deliver intense moisturizing effects. Our scientists conduct research alongside a hibiscus specialist, and through extensive experimentation, a new variety of the floral essencehibiscus syriacus bark extractwas created. Hibiscus flowers also contain a variety of exfoliating acids, including pyruvic acid, which Koronczay says has incredible effects for lightening hyperpigmentation and stimulating collagen. Its also known to increase elasticity.

RoseINCI Names: Rosa damascena, rose absolute, rosa canina, rosa centifoliaChristian Dior once said, After women, flowers are the most divine creations, says Mauvais-Jarvis, noting that the House of Dior was the first company to create a rose dedicated specifically to cosmetic purposes. Rose petals contain a valuable, emollient oil, that when extracted and formulated in skin care, can be used to hydrate, soothe and tone skin, explains Provenzano. It also strengthens the skins barrier, helping to prevent moisture loss.

Another skin benefit of this beloved flower is the stimulation of microcirculation, which oxygenates the skin, creating an overall glow. This increase in circulation promotes detoxification and healing within the cells, Koronczay explains. For those who suffer from redness, roses anti-inflammatory ability can help reduce it and calm the skin for a more even-toned complexionits also great for rebalancing dry and sensitive skin, says Provenzano.

Unlike rose oil, rose hip oil comes from the seeds of the rose hip fruit, which predominantly grows on wild rose bushes in Chile, but also in other parts of the world. Tata Harper, founder of her eponymous skin-care brand, says rose hips contain a specific galactolipid that has amazing anti-inflammatory power, and potent antioxidants tocopherol and carotenoids give it anti-aging potential. Cosmetic chemist and cofounder of Chemist Confessions, Victoria Fu, finds rose hip seed oil to be the more efficacious ingredient in the rose category. It has a great fatty acid profile and good overall tolerance across all skin types, and it adds a glow to dull skin. As a bonus, it contains a little vitamin A too!

LavenderINCI Name: Lavandula angustifoliaAlthough lavender is most often linked to aromatherapy and sleep-inducers, it boasts other benefits that may surprise you. Lavender has been used for more than 2,500 years and continues to be one of the most widely used flowers in skin care, says Harper. I call it the do-it-all flower because its effective at killing acne-causing bacteriait can even help prevent future breakoutsand also increases skin healing, regulates oil production and reduces inflammation. It can do all of these things while also promoting relaxation.

However, cosmetic chemist and cofounder of Chemist Confessions Gloria Lu points out that despite lavenders many positive properties, it is one of the well-known essential oils that can actually be sensitizing in skin care, and is often used to add fragrance to a product. We may often think of plants and flowers as natural, and therefore safer and gentler, but in actuality, these oils are complex and can contain allergens, she explains. Before you apply a new product, I suggest patch-testing on a small area of your face to make sure your skin is happy with it.

ChamomileINCI Names: Matricaria chamomilla (German chamomile), Anthemis nobilis (Roman chamomile), Eriocephalus punctulatus (Cape chamomile)Dr. Waldorf says chamomile is the most commonly and reliably used floral extract in skin care. One of several species in the daisy family, its actually an herb that comes from daisy-like flowers. Chamomiles antiseptic and inflammation-fighting qualities can impart a calming effect on the skin, she explains. They also promote healing of the skin, reduce redness and minimize blemishes. Fu likes German chamomile in particular because it contains a compound called bisabolol, which has been shown clinically to have great data as an anti-inflammatory, and can even help brighten skin tone.

CalendulaINCI Name: Calendula officinalisSimilar to chamomile in that its part of the daisy familyit comes from bright orange and yellow marigoldsand known for its soothing properties, calendula oil is used to promote skin healing. Its anti-inflammatory ability allows it to reduce swelling and irritation, including that associated with rosacea and eczema, Koronczay says. Calendula can also help tone and moisturize, and works even more effectively when paired with linden, which also supports hydration in the skin. Cosmetic chemist NiKita Wilson praises the flowers antioxidant levels, which come from its carotenoid and flavonoid compounds. These help neutralize free radicals and minimize oxidative damage, she says.

LotusINCI Name: Nymphaea caeruleaAs Fresh cofounder Lev Glazman describes, in Southeast Asia there is such a respect for the lotus plant that the natives use every part of itpetals, roots, seeds and stemfor food and fabric, and also as a remedy for the skin. When I learned of this, I became consumed with tapping into the flowers resilient beauty and strength, and leveraged it for our products to address early signs of aging, he says. In clinical testing, we discovered that lotus contains high levels of polyphenols, which are powerful antioxidants known to defend against wrinkle-causing free radicals.

Lotus leaves, specifically, are known as a symbol of purification in Asia due to their unique ability to keep themselves clean at all times. When the surface of a lotus leaf is magnified under a microscope, a large number of ultra-fine bumps over other fine bumps are observed, says Shieh. This structure blocks water drops from spreading out, and also pushes out pollutants, which allows the leaf to protect itself from a contaminated environment, like dirt and mud. When applied in skin care, this special detoxifying mechanism can be especially helpful, particularly in cleansers.

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Flower Power: The Benefits of 6 Key Floral Extracts in Skin Care - NewBeauty Magazine

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Global Stem Cell Reconstructive Market was valued US$ XX Mn in 2019 and is expected to reach US$ XX Mn by 2027, at a CAGR of 24.5% during a forecast period.

Market Dynamics

The Research Report gives an in-depth account of the drivers and restraints in the stem cell reconstructive market. Stem cell reconstructive surgery includes the treatment of injured or dented part of body. Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells, which divide to produce more stem cells. Growing reconstructive surgeries led by the rising number of limbs elimination and implants and accidents are boosting the growth in the stem cell reconstructive market. Additionally, rising number of aged population, number of patients suffering from chronic diseases, and unceasing development in the technology, these are factors which promoting the growth of the stem cell reconstructive market. Stem cell reconstructive is a procedure containing the use of a patients own adipose tissue to rise the fat volume in the area of reconstruction and therefore helping 3Dimentional reconstruction in patients who have experienced a trauma or in a post-surgical event such as a mastectomy or lumpectomy, brain surgery, or reconstructive surgery as a result of an accident or injury. Stem cell reconstructive surgeries are also used in plastic or cosmetic surgeries as well. Stem cell and regenerative therapies gives many opportunities for development in the practice of medicine and the possibility of an array of novel treatment options for patients experiencing a variety of symptoms and conditions. Stem cell therapy, also recognised as regenerative medicine, promotes the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives.

The common guarantee of all the undifferentiated embryonic stem cells (ESCs), foetal, amniotic, UCB, and adult stem cell types is their indefinite self-renewal capacity and high multilineage differentiation potential that confer them a primitive and dynamic role throughout the developmental process and the lifespan in adult mammal.However, the high expenditure of stem cell reconstructive surgeries and strict regulatory approvals are restraining the market growth.

The report study has analyzed revenue impact of covid-19 pandemic on the sales revenue of market leaders, market followers and disrupters in the report and same is reflected in our analysis.

Global Stem Cell Reconstructive Market Segment analysis

Based on Cell Type, the embryonic stem cells segment is expected to grow at a CAGR of XX% during the forecast period. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), derived from the blastocyst stage of early mammalian embryos, are distinguished by their capability to distinguish into any embryonic cell type and by their ability to self-renew. Owing to their plasticity and potentially limitless capacity for self-renewal, embryonic stem cell therapies have been suggested for regenerative medicine and tissue replacement after injury or disease. Additionally, their potential in regenerative medicine, embryonic stem cells provide a possible another source of tissue/organs which serves as a possible solution to the donor shortage dilemma. Researchers have differentiated ESCs into dopamine-producing cells with the hope that these neurons could be used in the treatment of Parkinsons disease. Upsurge occurrence of cardiac and malignant diseases is promoting the segment growth. Rapid developments in this vertical contain protocols for directed differentiation, defined culture systems, demonstration of applications in drug screening, establishment of several disease models, and evaluation of therapeutic potential in treating incurable diseases.

Global Stem Cell Reconstructive Market Regional analysis

The North American region has dominated the market with US$ XX Mn. America accounts for the largest and fastest-growing market of stem cell reconstructive because of the huge patient population and well-built healthcare sector. Americas stem cell reconstructive market is segmented into two major regions such as North America and South America. More than 80% of the market is shared by North America due to the presence of the US and Canada.

Europe accounts for the second-largest market which is followed by the Asia Pacific. Germany and UK account for the major share in the European market due to government support for research and development, well-developed technology and high healthcare expenditure have fuelled the growth of the market. This growing occurrence of cancer and diabetes in America is the main boosting factor for the growth of this market.

The objective of the report is to present a comprehensive analysis of the Global Stem Cell Reconstructive Market including all the stakeholders of the industry. The past and current status of the industry with forecasted market size and trends are presented in the report with the analysis of complicated data in simple language. The report covers all the aspects of the industry with a dedicated study of key players that includes market leaders, followers and new entrants. PORTER, SVOR, PESTEL analysis with the potential impact of micro-economic factors of the market has been presented in the report. External as well as internal factors that are supposed to affect the business positively or negatively have been analysed, which will give a clear futuristic view of the industry to the decision-makers.

The report also helps in understanding Global Stem Cell Reconstructive Market dynamics, structure by analysing the market segments and projects the Global Stem Cell Reconstructive Market size. Clear representation of competitive analysis of key players by Application, price, financial position, Product portfolio, growth strategies, and regional presence in the Global Stem Cell Reconstructive Market make the report investors guide.Scope of the Global Stem Cell Reconstructive Market

Global Stem Cell Reconstructive Market, By Sources

Allogeneic Autologouso Bone Marrowo Adipose Tissueo Blood Syngeneic OtherGlobal Stem Cell Reconstructive Market, By Cell Type

Embryonic Stem Cell Adult Stem CellGlobal Stem Cell Reconstructive Market, By Application

Cancer Diabetes Traumatic Skin Defect Severe Burn OtherGlobal Stem Cell Reconstructive Market, By End-User

Hospitals Research Institute OthersGlobal Stem Cell Reconstructive Market, By Regions

North America Europe Asia-Pacific South America Middle East and Africa (MEA)Key Players operating the Global Stem Cell Reconstructive Market

Osiris Therapeutics NuVasives Cytori Therapeutics Takeda (TiGenix) Cynata Celyad Medi-post Anterogen Molmed Baxter Eleveflow Mesoblast Ltd. Micronit Microfluidics TAKARA BIO INC. Tigenix Capricor Therapeutics Astellas Pharma US, Inc. Pfizer Inc. STEMCELL Technologies Inc.

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Global Stem Cell Reconstructive Market- Industry Analysis and Forecast (2020-2027)-by Sources, Cell Type, Application, End User and Region. - Red...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Skin goes to chicken when the cold surprises. Thats when human skin looks, at least in the arms, for a while, bare chicken skin. Chicken meat can also be caused by intense emotional turmoil or threat.

If youve ever wondered why your skin rises to chicken and when, youre in good company. The same thing was pondered by the doctrine of evolution Charles Darwin already in the 19th century.

According to the current interpretation, the change in the fine coat of the skin is a remnant of a time when a person had a comprehensive and thicker coat. As the hairs rose upright, they gathered air beneath them. The air helped as thermal insulation.

Now it has been found that a similar phenomenon also regulates hair growth. The same muscle that makes the skin hair upright on the scalp is necessary for a nerve connection to the stem cells of the hair-producing hair follicles at the root of the hair.

On the skin, the sympathetic nervous system reacts to the cold. It makes the small muscles of the skin move back and forth. On the scalp, the same muscle contraction and expansion produces more hair.

In this way, the cells that produce chicken meat also regulate hair growth and regeneration, say Harvard. university researchers in their research bulletin.

This was found in experiments on mice. The results were told scientific journal Cell.

On the skin, the muscle of the hair follicle (pink) contracts and lifts the chicken to the skin. But in the hair, the sympathetic nervous system (in green) releases neurotransmitters that target the hair follicle stem cells (in blue). They are activated and increase hair growth. Picture: Shwartz, Gonzalez-Celeiro, Chen, et al. / Cell

Skin is a fascinating body. It affects several stem cells surrounded by different cell types. At the same time, it is located at the interface between our body and the outside world, he says Ya-Chieh Hsu.

Indeed, stem cells can respond to many stimuli that come to the skin from the external environment or come from the skin itself, says Hsu.

He is an assistant professor of stem cell research and regenerative biology at Harvard University. Hsu studied hair cells by a professor at Taiwan National University Sung-Jan Linin with.

bodies there are often three types of tissues: superficial tissue, primitive tissue, and nerve tissue. On the skin, these three are specially arranged.

On the skin, the sympathetic nervous system controls the bodys homeostasis, ie the state of internal balance. It responds to external stimuli and connects to small smooth muscles in the elemental scaffold. The same smooth muscle also connects the hair follicles to the stem cells.

sympathetic the connection between nerve and muscle has been known for a long time. Cold triggers nerve cells in the sympathetic nervous system and send a signal. The muscles respond to it by contracting. It lifts the skin hair upright.

Hair follicle in the image of a microscope. Parts of the sympathetic nervous system are stained green and muscle cells reddish. Picture: Hsu Laboratory / Harvard University

Using an electron microscope, the researchers found that the sympathetic nerve was not just associated with the muscle. It also formed a direct connection to the stem cells of the hair follicles.

Nerve tissue wrapped around the stem cells of the hair follicles like a ribbon. It allows the nerve and the stem cell to interact with each other.

Visit link:
Medicine The rise of the pores and skin on rooster meat has been thought of for the reason that 19th century: It has now change into clear {that a}...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Global Skin Care Cosmetic Market Research Report presents the overview and in depth study of worldwide Skin Care Cosmetic Market for achieving throughout understanding and business intelligence of the market with the Financial & Industrial Analysis of key players, companies, region, types, applications and its future scope in the industry till 2027.

The Skin Care Cosmetic market revenue was valued at xx.xx Million USD in 2020 and it is expected to reach xx.xx Million USD in 2027, with a CAGR of x.x% during 2020-2027. Based on the Skin Care Cosmetic industrial chain, this report mainly elaborates the definition, types, applications and major players of Skin Care Cosmetic market in details.

Get Sample Brochure(PDF) of Skin Care Cosmetic market at: https://decisionmarketreports.com/request-sample/1362043

Deep analysis about market status (2014-2020), enterprise competition pattern, advantages and disadvantages of enterprise products, industry development trends (2020-2024), regional industrial layout characteristics and macroeconomic policies, industrial policy has also be included.

From raw materials to downstream buyers of this industry will be analyzed scientifically, the feature of product circulation and sales channel will be presented as well. In a word, this report will help you to establish a panorama of industrial development and characteristics of the Skin Care Cosmetic market.

The Skin Care Cosmetic market can be split based on product types, major applications, and important regions.

Major Players in Skin Care Cosmetic market are: Procter & Gamble Avon Products Inc LOreal S.A. Unilever PLC Beiersdorf AG The Body Shop International PLC Kao Corporation The Estee Lauder Companies Inc Johnson & Johnson

Most important types of Skin Care Cosmetic products covered in this report are: Sensitive Skin Care Dry Skin Care Infants Skin Care Others

Most widely used downstream fields of Skin Care Cosmetic market covered in this report are: Stem Cells Protection Against UV Flakiness Reduction Rehydrate the Skin Surface Minimize wrinkles Increase the viscosity of Aqueous

Major Regions that plays a vital role in Skin Care Cosmetic market are:North AmericaEuropeChinaJapanMiddle East & AfricaIndiaSouth AmericaOthers

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There are 13 Chapters to thoroughly display the Skin Care Cosmetic market. This report included the analysis of market overview, market characteristics, industry chain, competition landscape, historical and future data by types, applications and regions.

Chapter 1: Skin Care Cosmetic Market Overview, Product Overview, Market Segmentation, Market Overview of Regions, Market Dynamics, Limitations, Opportunities and Industry News and Policies.

Chapter 2: Skin Care Cosmetic Industry Chain Analysis, Upstream Raw Material Suppliers, Major Players, Production Process Analysis, Cost Analysis, Market

Channels and Major Downstream Buyers.

Chapter 3: Value Analysis, Production, Growth Rate and Price Analysis by Type of Skin Care Cosmetic.

Chapter 4: Downstream Characteristics, Consumption and Market Share by Application of Skin Care Cosmetic.

Chapter 5: Production Volume, Price, Gross Margin, and Revenue ($) of Skin Care Cosmetic by Regions (2014-2020).

Chapter 6: Skin Care Cosmetic Production, Consumption, Export and Import by Regions (2014-2020).

Chapter 7: Skin Care Cosmetic Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions.

Chapter 8: Competitive Landscape, Product Introduction, Company Profiles, Market Distribution Status by Players of Skin Care Cosmetic.

Chapter 9: Skin Care Cosmetic Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application (2020-2024).

Chapter 10: Market Analysis and Forecast by Regions (2020-2024).

Chapter 11: Industry Characteristics, Key Factors, New Entrants SWOT Analysis, Investment Feasibility Analysis.

Chapter 12: Market Conclusion of the Whole Report.

Chapter 13: Appendix Such as Methodology and Data Resources of This Research.

About UsDecision Market Reports is a one-stop solution, covers market research studies of all the industries, companies and regions. DMR aims at providing quality research, and insights about every market to helps our clients in taking right decisions. Our repository consists of most trending industry reports, niche areas, and leading company profiles. A comprehensive collection of reports is updated daily to offer hassle-free access to our latest updated report databases.

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Skin Care Cosmetic Market 2026 | Procter & Gamble Avon Products Inc L'Oreal SA Unilever PLC Beiersdorf AG The Body Shop International PLC ...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

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Were in the dog days of summer and if youre anything like us, wed greatly welcome the ability to work from a pool. But while that sadly isnt the reality for most of us (call us if youve got one!), weve got pretty good at finding products that will alleviate seasonal discomforts.

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StackedSkincareIce Roller

Story continues

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As a base under Dermalogicas new Invisible Physical Defense SPF 30, the brands Calm Water Gel is a weightless barrier that protects against environmental stressors and transforms into a skin-quenching fluid upon application. Hyaluronic acid, apple fruit and cactus pear extract are key to soothing sensitivity and supporting a healthy moisture balance in this formula.

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10 refreshing, cooling beauty products that are all natural - Yahoo Sport UK

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Prior studies suggest that referral to genetic counseling and completion of genetic testing vary by race/ethnicity; however, the data are limited.We sought to evaluate patterns of genetic testing and clinical outcomes across race/ethnicity at a hereditary breast and ovarian cancer center.The medical records for all patients undergoing genetic assessment at a hereditary breast and ovarian cancer center were reviewed and stratified by self-reported race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and Asian).A total of 1666 patients met inclusion criteria (non-Hispanic Whites, 1367; Hispanics, 85, non-Hispanic Blacks, 101; Asians, 113).Demographics, patient characteristics, and referral patterns for patients who underwent genetic testing were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis tests, chi-square test, or Fishers exact tests, stratifying by self-reported race/ethnicity. Pathogenic mutations and variants of unknown significance (VUS) were reviewed. Outcomes of patients with genetic mutations and personal history of breast and/or gynecologic malignancies were compared.Non-Hispanic Whites were more likely to be referred due to family cancer history compared to all other ethnicities while Non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians were more likely to be referred due to personal history of cancer (p<0.001). Non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics were more likely to have advanced-stage cancer at the time of genetic testing (p<0.02). Rates of mutations did not differ by race/ethnicity when Ashkenazi Jewish patients were excluded (p=0.08). Among patients found to have a BRCA1/2 mutation, Non-Hispanic Whites were more likely to undergo cancer screening and risk-reducing surgery compared with all other ethnicities (p=0.04).Minority patients were more likely to utilize genetic services following a cancer diagnosis and less likely due to family cancer history, suggesting a missed opportunity for mutation detection and cancer prevention in this population. Efforts to eradicate racial/ethnic disparities in early access to genetic testing and guided cancer prevention strategies are essential.

PubMed

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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Genetic Testing at a Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Center. - Physician's Weekly

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--The "Global Hereditary Genetic Testing Market: Focus on Product, Sample, Technology, Genetic Testing Type, Application Area, Country Data (16 Countries), and Competitive Landscape - Analysis and Forecast, 2020-2030" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

Hereditary genetic testing has grown significantly since the technology was first commercialized, but it is important to quantify that growth and describe future trends. The genome testing industry is proliferating, and its growth is expected to continue at its torrid pace. However, there are significant challenges that may dampen future growth if not addressed.

Our healthcare experts have found hereditary genetic testing to be one of the most rapidly evolving technologies, and the global market for hereditary genetic testing is predicted to grow at a CAGR of 13.59% over the forecast period of 2020-2030.

The unmet clinical needs for better tools to predict, diagnose, treat, and monitor disease are acting as significant factors driving the growth of the sequencing industry. Other factors driving the growth include the increased understanding of the molecular basis of disease, patient demand, industry investment, and regulations that allow marketing of tests without FDA approval.

Despite rapid advanced sequencing industry growth, there are several key issues that are needed to be addressed to facilitate future growth. The relatively high total costs of delivering sequencing test results compared with other technology platforms, and limited coverage by payers, are the key challenges to the growth of this industry. Whole-genome and exome sequencing remain relatively costly requiring initial equipment investment, specialized workforce requirements, and time-intensive variant interpretation.

Within the research report, the market is segmented on the basis of oncology genetic testing, cardiology genetic testing, neurology genetic testing, product, sample, application area, and region. Each of these segments covers the snapshot of the market over the projected years, the inclination of the market revenue, underlying patterns, and trends by using analytics on the primary and secondary data obtained.

Market Dynamics

Drivers

Challenges

Opportunities

Key Questions Answered in this Report:

Companies Mentioned

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/ry89nq

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Worldwide Hereditary Genetic Testing Industry to 2030 - Rise of Direct-to-Consumer Testing Services Presents Opportunities - ResearchAndMarkets.com -...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Sponsored Content by the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson

Recent research suggests cancer patients who have undergone genetic testing for inherited or acquired mutations were more likely to have prolonged overall survival than patients who did not, as genetic tests can direct healthcare providers to targeted treatment paradigms featuring therapies specific to an individuals genetic makeup.1,2

Various genetic alterations impact how specific tumors can arise or develop, including BRCA1/2, p53, HER2 and the RAS family of genes, among others.3 As researchers continue to study how genetic changes impact cancer development, findings have led to improvements in cancer care including the increased use of targeted therapies and early detection strategies.3

Treating with an inhibitor or a targeted therapy may slow or halt uncontrolled cell growth that may be driven, in part, by a genetically-altered cancer and can provide clinical benefits to patients, said Tracy McGowan, MD, Strategic Area Lead for Medical Affairs at Janssen Biotech, Inc. Analyzing a patients DNA or RNA for actionable genetic alterations can help direct a cancer patients treatment plan, and is intended to provide patients and providers with treatment options that are specific to the unique characteristics of an individuals specific tumor type.

An example of the above is the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) genetic alteration, which occurs in approximately one in five patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC).4,5 FGFR genes, a family of receptor tyrosine kinases, impact tumor cell proliferation, migration and survival in both non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) including mUC.6 This is also true in a variety of other tumor types as well.4

Dr. McGowan is hopeful that, over time, more healthcare providers will recommend genetic testing earlier in the course of bladder cancer to ensure that appropriate treatment options are available for consideration. In the evolving era of precision medicine, it is important to inform patients and their families about the role of genetic testing to help them navigate treatment opportunities. For healthcare providers, talking to patients about the role of genetic testing in their care plan is the beginning of important conversations especially when specific targeted therapies are now available.

References

Visit link:
The Vital Role Genetic Testing Plays in Bladder Cancer Treatments - Cancer Therapy Advisor

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Huma Q. Rana, MD, MPH, discusses the rationale for the ProGen trial, which compared the effectiveness of video education versus in-person genetic counseling for men with prostate cancer.

Huma Q. Rana, MD, MPH, anassistant professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School andclinical directorofCancer Genetics and Prevention at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, discusses the rationale for the ProGen trial, which compared the effectiveness of video education versus in-person genetic counseling for men with prostate cancer.

There are increasing indications for germline genetic testing in prostate cancer, says Rana. Through several clinical studies, the field has recognized that there is a high prevalence of inherited mutations among men with advanced prostate cancers, and this could have significant implications on treatment. Men with advanced prostate cancer, particularly those with underlying mutations in genes such asBRCA2, are known to have poor outcomes, says Rana. Therefore, it is important to identify these men and make matched targeted therapy available to them and their oncologists.

In recognizing that prostate cancer is a very common disease and that traditional germline genetic testing would be very difficult to implementpotentially overwhelming already strained systems for genetic testinga randomized controlled trialwas conducted. In the trial, investigators compared the effectiveness of a short videothat focused on the educational components of a genetic counseling visit with in-person genetic counseling for men with potentially lethal prostate cancers, concludes Rana.

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Dr. Rana on the Rationale for Video Genetic Counseling in Prostate Cancer - OncLive

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Global Predictive Genetic Testing And Consumer (Wellness) Genomics Industry market Report 2020 presents critical information and factual data about the Predictive Genetic Testing And Consumer (Wellness) Genomics Industry market, providing an overall statistical study of this market on the basis of market drivers, market limitations, and its future prospects. The widespread Predictive Genetic Testing And Consumer (Wellness) Genomics Industry market opportunities and trends are also taken into consideration in Predictive Genetic Testing And Consumer (Wellness) Genomics Industry industry. with growth trends, various stakeholders like investors, traders, suppliers, SWOT analysis Opportunities and Threat to the organization and others.

The Predictive Genetic Testing And Consumer (Wellness) Genomics Industry market report comprises of the key trends which influence the industry growth with respect to the regional terrain and competitive arena. The study highlights the opportunities that will support the industry expansion in existing and untapped markets along with the challenges the business sphere will face. Besides this, the report also offers an intricate analysis of case studies including those of COVID-19 pandemic, with the aim to provide a clear picture of this industry vertical to all shareholders.

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Pivotal pointers from COVID-19 impact assessment:

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Analysis of the regional terrain:

Highlights of the Predictive Genetic Testing And Consumer (Wellness) Genomics Industry market report:

Key Coverage of report:

Impact of the latest technological innovations on the Predictive Genetic Testing And Consumer (Wellness) Genomics Industry market

Key growth strategies adopted by the prominent market players to address the challenges and restraints put forward by the COVID-19 pandemic

Historical and current trends likely to affect the overall market dynamics of the Predictive Genetic Testing And Consumer (Wellness) Genomics Industry market

Growth assessment of the various market segments over the forecast timeline

Regional and global presence of major market players in the Predictive Genetic Testing And Consumer (Wellness) Genomics Industry market

Table of Content:

1 Predictive Genetic Testing And Consumer (Wellness) Genomics Industry market Introduction and Market Overview

1.1 Objectives of the Study

1.2 Overview of Predictive Genetic Testing And Consumer (Wellness) Genomics Industry market

1.3 Scope of The Study

1.3.1 Key Market Segments

1.3.2 Players Covered

1.3.3 COVID-19's impact on the Predictive Genetic Testing And Consumer (Wellness) Genomics Industry industry

1.4 Methodology of The Study

1.5 Research Data Source

2 Executive Summary

2.1 Market Overview

2.1.1 Global Predictive Genetic Testing And Consumer (Wellness) Genomics Industry market Size, 2015 - 2020

2.1.2 Global Predictive Genetic Testing And Consumer (Wellness) Genomics Industry market Size by Type, 2015 - 2020

2.1.3 Global Predictive Genetic Testing And Consumer (Wellness) Genomics Industry market Size by Application, 2015 - 2020

2.1.4 Global Predictive Genetic Testing And Consumer (Wellness) Genomics Industry market Size by Region, 2015 - 2025

2.2 Business Environment Analysis

2.2.1 Global COVID-19 Status and Economic Overview

2.2.2 Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on Predictive Genetic Testing And Consumer (Wellness) Genomics Industry Industry Development

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Predictive Genetic Testing And Consumer (Wellness) Genomics Industry Market Size | Global Industry Analysis, Segments, Top Key Players, Drivers and...

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New Jersey, United States,- The research report on Preimplantation Genetic Testing market comprises of insights in terms of pivotal parameters such as production as well as the consumption patterns alongside revenue estimations for the projected timeframe. Speaking of production aspects, the study offers an in-depth analysis regarding the manufacturing processes along with the gross revenue amassed by the leading producers operating in this business arena. The unit cost deployed by these producers in various regions during the estimated timeframe is also mentioned in the report.

Significant information pertaining to the product volume and consumption value is enlisted in the document. Additionally, the report contains details regarding the consumption graphs, Individual sale prices, and import & export activities. Additional information concerning the production and consumption patterns are presented in the report.

In market segmentation by manufacturers, the report covers the following companies-

Exploring the growth rate over a period

Business owners looking to scale up their business can refer this report that contains data regarding the rise in sales within a given consumer base for the forecast period, 2020 to 2027. Product owners can use this information along with the driving factors such as demographics and revenue generated from other products discussed in the report to get a better analysis of their products and services. Besides, the research analysts have compared the market growth rate with product sales to enable business owners to determine the success or failure of a specific product or service.

By Type

By Application

Regions Covered in the Global Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market:

The Middle East and Africa (GCC Countries and Egypt)

North America (the United States, Mexico, and Canada)

South America (Brazil etc.)

Europe (Turkey, Germany, Russia UK, Italy, France, etc.)

Asia-Pacific (Vietnam, China, Malaysia, Japan, Philippines, Korea, Thailand, India, Indonesia, and Australia)

Highlights of the Report:

Accurate market size and CAGR forecasts for the period 2020-2026

Identification and in-depth assessment of growth opportunities in key segments and regions

Detailed company profiling of top players of the global Preimplantation Genetic Testing market

Exhaustive research on innovation and other trends of the global Preimplantation Genetic Testing market

Reliable industry value chain and supply chain analysis

Comprehensive analysis of important growth drivers, restraints, challenges, and growth prospects

The scope of the Report:

The report offers a complete company profiling of leading players competing in the global Preimplantation Genetic Testing marketwith a high focus on the share, gross margin, net profit, sales, product portfolio, new applications, recent developments, and several other factors. It also throws light on the vendor landscape to help players become aware of future competitive changes in the global Preimplantation Genetic Testing market.

Reasons to Buy the Report:

About Us:

Market Research Intellect provides syndicated and customized research reports to clients from various industries and organizations with the aim of delivering functional expertise. We provide reports for all industries including Energy, Technology, Manufacturing and Construction, Chemicals and Materials, Food and Beverage, and more. These reports deliver an in-depth study of the market with industry analysis, the market value for regions and countries, and trends that are pertinent to the industry.

Contact Us:

Mr. Steven Fernandes

Market Research Intellect

New Jersey ( USA )

Tel: +1-650-781-4080

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Preimplantation Genetic Testing Market Market Dynamics, Opportunities and Risks 2027 - Owned

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Editors note: Jeopardy! host Alex Trebek and former Sen. Harry Reid have publicly mentioned being treated with an experimental immunotherapy combination for their pancreatic cancer. The Pancreatic Cancer Action Network (PanCAN) strongly recommends clinical trials for all pancreatic cancer patients. Learn more below about immunotherapy and other types of clinical trials aiming to improve pancreatic cancer patient outcomes.

Pancreatic cancer patients who participate in clinical research have better outcomes. And every treatment available today was approved through a clinical trial. PanCAN therefore strongly recommends clinical trials at diagnosis and during every treatment decision.

Contact PanCANs Patient Services for questions about pancreatic cancer treatment and clinical trials, including a personalized clinical trials search.

There are approximately 170 pancreatic cancer clinical trials currently enrolling patients across the U.S. (Please note that some trials have been affected by the coronavirus disease pandemic and may have been modified or put on hold.)

The goals of pancreatic cancer clinical trials is to determine whether experimental treatment options are safe for patients and more effective than the current standard of care.

Clinical trials may test an experimental drug, treatment approach or combination. They may include standard drugs or approaches (e.g., chemotherapy, surgery or radiation therapy). The experimental approach is compared to the best available standard of care.

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of some solid tumors, but the strategy has shown limited effectiveness in most pancreatic cancer patients to date.

Immunotherapy involves activating and training the patients immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. Turning on the patients immune system is often not enough, however cancer cells and their surrounding microenvironment can often block an immune attack. So, many immunotherapeutic approaches include stopping this evasion in addition to activating the immune system.

One type of immunotherapy that has been approved to treat some pancreatic cancer patients is called Keytruda (pembrolizumab). Keytruda has been shown to be effective in patients with pancreatic cancer and other solid tumors with certain molecular features.

Basing treatment on a patients biology is known as precision medicine. PanCAN strongly recommends all pancreatic cancer patients get tested both biomarker tumor tissue testing and genetic testing for inherited mutations to determine whether certain treatments may be especially effective for them. Both types of test are available through PanCANs Know Your Tumor precision medicine service.

Other types of immunotherapy are being tested in patients regardless of their biology.

The experimental treatment combination that Trebek and Reid have mentioned involves several experimental immunotherapy drugs in combination with standard treatments. Clinical trials are underway to determine whether this treatment combination is safe and effective in patients with pancreatic cancer.

We are grateful to both Trebek and Reid for bringing awareness to the disease and to the need for more and more effective treatment options for patients. More data will be necessary to determine whether the experimental treatment theyre receiving is better than standard of care options.

Read more from the original source:
Things to Know About Immunotherapy Clinical Trials Pancreatic Cancer Action Network - Pancreatic Cancer News & Stories

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith