Global Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market: Trends Estimates High Demand by 2027

The Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market 2020 report includes the market strategy, market orientation, expert opinion and knowledgeable information. The Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Industry Report is an in-depth study analyzing the current state of the Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market. It provides a brief overview of the market focusing on definitions, classifications, product specifications, manufacturing processes, cost structures, market segmentation, end-use applications and industry chain analysis. The study on Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market provides analysis of market covering the industry trends, recent developments in the market and competitive landscape.

The last section of the report focuses on the extensive competitive landscape, which includes some of the details of prominent players of the Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing market. It also covers the strategies adopted by these players for retaining their dominance in the market. These strategies may involve mergers and acquisitions, partnerships, collaborations, investment in research and developments (R&Ds), new product launches, and business expansion. It helps to keep an eye on recent development in the market including product innovation and new product approvals by the government authorities.

The final report will add the analysis of the Impact of Covid-19 in this report Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing industry.

Major Companies Covered in Research Report: Myriad Genetics, Inc., 23andMe, Inc., Invitae, Ambry Genetics, Laboratory Corporation of America, African Ancestry, MyHeritage, AncestrybyDNA, Counsyl, Inc., Pathway Genomics, DNA Services of America, Positive Bioscience Ltd., Quest Diagnostics, Sonora Quest Laboratories, Gene by Gene, and Mapmygenome.

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The report scrutinizes different business approaches and frameworks that pave the way for success in businesses. The report used Porters five techniques for analyzing the Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market; it also offers the examination of the global market. To make the report more potent and easy to understand, it consists of info graphics and diagrams. Furthermore, it has different policies and development plans which are presented in summary. It analyzes the technical barriers, other issues, and cost-effectiveness affecting the market.

Global Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market Research Report 2020 carries in-depth case studies on the various countries which are involved in the Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing market. The report is segmented according to usage wherever applicable and the report offers all this information for all major countries and associations. It offers an analysis of the technical barriers, other issues, and cost-effectiveness affecting the market. Important contents analyzed and discussed in the report include market size, operation situation, and current & future development trends of the market, market segments, business development, and consumption tendencies. Moreover, the report includes the list of major companies/competitors and their competition data that helps the user to determine their current position in the market and take corrective measures to maintain or increase their share holds.

What questions does the Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing market report answer pertaining to the regional reach of the industry

The report claims to split the regional scope of the Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing market into North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America & Middle East and Africa. Which among these regions has been touted to amass the largest market share over the anticipated duration

How do the sales figures look at present How does the sales scenario look for the future

Considering the present scenario, how much revenue will each region attain by the end of the forecast period

How much is the market share that each of these regions has accumulated presently

How much is the growth rate that each topography will depict over the predicted timeline

A short overview of the Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing market scope:

Global market remuneration

Overall projected growth rate

Industry trends

Competitive scope

Product range

Application landscape

Supplier analysis

Marketing channel trends Now and later

Sales channel evaluation

Market Competition Trend

Market Concentration Rate

Reasons for Read this Report

This report provides pin-point analysis for changing competitive dynamics

It provides a forward looking perspective on different factors driving or restraining market growth

It provides a six-year forecast assessed on the basis of how the market is predicted to grow

It helps in understanding the key product segments and their future

It provides pin point analysis of changing competition dynamics and keeps you ahead of competitors

It helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments

TABLE OF CONTENT:

Chapter 1:Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market Overview

Chapter 2: Global Economic Impact on Industry

Chapter 3:Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market Competition by Manufacturers

Chapter 4: Global Production, Revenue (Value) by Region

Chapter 5: Global Supply (Production), Consumption, Export, Import by Regions

Chapter 6: Global Production, Revenue (Value), Price Trend by Type

Chapter 7: Global Market Analysis by Application

Chapter 8: Manufacturing Cost Analysis

Chapter 9: Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers

Chapter 10: Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders

Chapter 11: Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market Effect Factors Analysis

Chapter 12: GlobalDirect-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market Forecast to 2027

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Research on Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market (impact of COVID-19) with Top Players: Myriad Genetics, Inc., 23andMe, Inc., Invitae, Ambry...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

DataIntelo, one of the worlds prominent market research firms has announced a novel report on Global Point-of-Care Genetic Testing Market. The report contains vital insights on the market which will support the clients to make the right business decisions. This research will help both existing and new aspirants for Point-of-Care Genetic Testing market to figure out and study the market needs, market size, and competition. The report incorporates data regarding the supply and demand situation, the competitive scenario, and the challenges for market growth, market opportunities, and the threats faced by key players during the forecast period of 2020-2027.

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Impact of COVID-19 on Point-of-Care Genetic Testing Market

The report also includes the impact of ongoing global crisis i.e. COVID-19 on the Point-of-Care Genetic Testing market and what the future holds for it. It provides an analysis of the effects of the pandemic on the global economy. The outbreak has directly disturbed the demand and supply chain. The report also analyzes the financial impact on firms and financial markets. DataIntelo has gathered insights from several delegates of the industry and got involved in the primary and secondary research to provide the clients with data and strategies to combat the market challenges during and after COVID-19 pandemic.

Benefits of buying the report:

Industry experts and research analysts have worked extensively to prepare the research report which will help you to give that extra edge in the competitive market. The market research report can be customized according to you to your needs. This means that DataIntelo can cover a particular product, application, or can provide a detailed analysis in the report. You can also purchase a separate report for a specific region.

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Some of the major companies that are covered in this report:

Roche (Switzerland)Thermo Fisher Scientific (US)Cepheid (US)IQuum (US)Biocartis (Switzerland)Idaho Technologies (US)

*Note: Additional companies can be included on request

The market scenario is likely to be fairly competitive. To analyze any market with simplicity the market is fragmented into the following segments:

By Application:

Diagnostic LabsBio-Pharmaceutical IndustryAcademic InstitutionsOther

By Type:

Product Type IProduct Type IIProduct Type III

By Geographical Regions

Asia Pacific: China, Japan, India, and Rest of Asia PacificEurope: Germany, the UK, France, and Rest of EuropeNorth America: The US, Mexico, and CanadaLatin America: Brazil and Rest of Latin AmericaMiddle East & Africa: GCC Countries and Rest of Middle East & Africa

Segmenting the market into smaller components helps in analyzing the dynamics of the market with more clarity. Another key component that is included in the report is the regional analysis to assess the global presence of the Point-of-Care Genetic Testing market. You can also opt for a yearly subscription of all the updates on the Point-of-Care Genetic Testing market.

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Below is the TOC of the report:

Executive Summary

Assumptions and Acronyms Used

Research Methodology

Point-of-Care Genetic Testing Market Overview

Point-of-Care Genetic Testing Supply Chain Analysis

Point-of-Care Genetic Testing Pricing Analysis

Global Point-of-Care Genetic Testing Market Analysis and Forecast by Type

Global Point-of-Care Genetic Testing Market Analysis and Forecast by Application

Global Point-of-Care Genetic Testing Market Analysis and Forecast by Sales Channel

Global Point-of-Care Genetic Testing Market Analysis and Forecast by Region

North America Point-of-Care Genetic Testing Market Analysis and Forecast

Latin America Point-of-Care Genetic Testing Market Analysis and Forecast

Europe Point-of-Care Genetic Testing Market Analysis and Forecast

Asia Pacific Point-of-Care Genetic Testing Market Analysis and Forecast

Asia Pacific Point-of-Care Genetic Testing Market Size and Volume Forecast by Application

Middle East & Africa Point-of-Care Genetic Testing Market Analysis and Forecast

Competition Landscape

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About DataIntelo:

DataIntelo has a vast experience in making customized market research reports in various industry verticals. Our motto is to provide complete client satisfaction. We cover in-depth market analysis, which consists of stipulating lucrative business strategies, especially for the new entrants and the emerging players of the market. We make sure that each report goes through intensive primary, secondary research, interviews, and consumer surveys before final dispatch.

We invest in our analysts to ensure that we have a full roster of experience and expertise in any field we cover. Our team members are selected for stellar academic records, specializations in technical fields, and exceptional analytical and communication skills. We also provide ongoing training and knowledge sharing to keep our analysts tapped into industry best practices and loaded with information.

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Point-of-Care Genetic Testing Market 2020 Global Share, Growth, Size, Opportunities, Trends, Regional Overview, Leading Company Analysis And Forecast...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

In this report, the global At-home Genetic Testing market is valued at USD XX million in 2019 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2019 to 2025.

For top companies in United States, European Union and China, this report investigates and analyzes the production, value, price, market share and growth rate for the top manufacturers, key data from 2019 to 2025.

The At-home Genetic Testing market report firstly introduced the basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the worlds main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the At-home Genetic Testing market report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.

Get PDF Sample Copy of this Report to understand the structure of the complete report: (Including Full TOC, List of Tables & Figures, Chart) @ https://www.marketresearchhub.com/enquiry.php?type=S&repid=2601844&source=atm

The key players covered in this study23andMeMyHeritageLabCorpMyriad GeneticsAncestry.comQuest DiagnosticsGene By GeneDNA Diagnostics CenterInvitaeIntelliGeneticsAmbry GeneticsLiving DNAEasyDNAPathway GenomicsCentrillion TechnologyXcodeColor GenomicsAnglia DNA ServicesAfrican AncestryCanadian DNA ServicesDNA Family CheckAlpha BiolaboratoriesTest Me DNA23 MofangGenetic HealthDNA Services of AmericaShuwen Health SciencesMapmygenomeFull Genomes

Market segment by Type, the product can be split intoDiagnostic ScreeningPGDRelationship testingMarket segment by Application, split intoOnlineOffline

Market segment by Regions/Countries, this report coversNorth AmericaEuropeChinaJapanSoutheast AsiaIndiaCentral & South America

The study objectives of this report are:To analyze global At-home Genetic Testing status, future forecast, growth opportunity, key market and key players.To present the At-home Genetic Testing development in North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia, India and Central & South America.To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their development plan and strategies.To define, describe and forecast the market by type, market and key regions.

In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of At-home Genetic Testing are as follows:History Year: 2015-2019Base Year: 2019Estimated Year: 2020Forecast Year 2020 to 2026For the data information by region, company, type and application, 2019 is considered as the base year. Whenever data information was unavailable for the base year, the prior year has been considered.

Do You Have Any Query Or Specific Requirement? Ask to Our Industry [emailprotected] https://www.marketresearchhub.com/enquiry.php?type=E&repid=2601844&source=atm

The study objectives of At-home Genetic Testing Market Report are:

To analyze and research the At-home Genetic Testing market status and future forecast in United States, European Union and China, involving sales, value (revenue), growth rate (CAGR), market share, historical and forecast.

To present the At-home Genetic Testing manufacturers, presenting the sales, revenue, market share, and recent development for key players.

To split the breakdown data by regions, type, companies and applications

To analyze the global and key regions At-home Genetic Testing market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks.

To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions

To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the keyword market.

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How Innovation is Changing the At-home Genetic Testing Market - Market Research Correspondent

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

DataIntelo offers a detailed report on Global Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing Market. The report is a comprehensive research study that provides the scope of Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing market size, industry growth opportunities and challenges, current market trends, potential players, and expected performance of the market in regions for the forecast period from 2020 to 2027. This report highlights key insights on the market focusing on the possible requirements of the clients and assisting them to make right decision about their business investment plans and strategies.

The Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing market report also covers an overview of the segments and sub-segmentations including the product types, applications, companies and regions. This report further includes the impact of COVID-19 on the market and explains dynamics of the market, future business impact, competition landscape of the companies, and the flow of the global supply and consumption. The report provides an in-depth analysis of the overall market structure of Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing and assesses the possible changes in the current as well as future competitive scenarios of the Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing market.

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The published report consists of a robust research methodology by relying on primary source including interviews of the company executives & representatives and accessing official documents, websites, and press release of the companies. DataIntelo is known for its data accuracy and granular market reports.

The report is prepared with a group of graphical representations, tables, and figures which displays a clear picture of the developments of the products and its market performance over the last few years. With this precise report, it can be easily understood the growth potential, revenue growth, product range, and pricing factors related to the Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing market. The report also covers the recent agreements including merger & acquisition, partnership or joint venture and latest developments of the manufacturers to sustain in the global competition of the Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing market.

Key companies that are covered in this report:

RocheThermo Fisher ScientificPerkinElmerQuest DiagnosticsMyriad GeneticsIverson GeneticsCancer GeneticsOncoCyte CorporationNeoGenomicsInvitae

*Note: Additional companies can be included on request

The report covers a detailed performance of some of the key players and analysis of major players in the industry, segments, application, and regions. Moreover, the report also considers the governments policies in different regions which illustrates the key opportunities as well as challenges of the market in each region.

By Application:

HospitalsClinicsOther

By Type:

High Penetrant GenesIntermediate Penetrant GenesLow Penetrant Genes

As per the report, the Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing market is projected to reach a value of USDXX by the end of 2027 and grow at a CAGR of XX% through the forecast period (2020-2027). The report describes the current market trend of the Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing in regions, covering North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Middle East & Africa by focusing the market performance by the key countries in the respective regions. According to the need of the clients, this report can be customized and available in a separate report for the specific region.

You can also go for a yearly subscription of all the updates on Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing market.

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The following is the TOC of the report:

Executive Summary

Assumptions and Acronyms Used

Research Methodology

Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing Market Overview

Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing Supply Chain Analysis

Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing Pricing Analysis

Global Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing Market Analysis and Forecast by Type

Global Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing Market Analysis and Forecast by Application

Global Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing Market Analysis and Forecast by Sales Channel

Global Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing Market Analysis and Forecast by Region

North America Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing Market Analysis and Forecast

Latin America Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing Market Analysis and Forecast

Europe Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing Market Analysis and Forecast

Asia Pacific Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing Market Analysis and Forecast

Middle East & Africa Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing Market Analysis and Forecast

Competition Landscape

Why you should buy this report?

This report offers a concise analysis of the Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing market for the last 5 years with historical data & more accurate prediction for upcoming 6 years on the basis of statistical information.

This report helps you to understand the market components by offering a cohesive framework of the key players and their competition dynamics as well as strategies.

The report is a complete guideline for the clients to arrive an informed business decision since it consists of a detailed information for better understandings of the current & future market situation.

The report also answers some of the key questions given below:

Which end-user is likely to play a crucial role in the development of the Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing market?

Which regional market is expected to dominate the Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing market in 2020-2027?

How is consumer consumption behavior impacting the business operations of market players in the current scenario of the Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing market?

If you have any questions on this report, please reach out to us @ https://dataintelo.com/enquiry-before-buying/?reportId=118830

About DataIntelo:

We possess expertise in a variety of business intelligence domains. Our key analysis segments, though not restricted to the same, include market entry strategies, market size estimations, market trend analysis, market opportunity analysis, market threat analysis, market growth/fall forecasting, primary interviews, secondary research & consumer surveys.

We invest in our analysts to ensure that we have a full roster of experience and expertise in any field we cover. Our team members are selected for stellar academic records, specializations in technical fields, and exceptional analytical and communication skills. We also provide ongoing training and knowledge sharing to keep our analysts tapped into industry best practices.

Contact Info: Name: Alex MathewsAddress: 500 East E Street, Ontario, CA 91764, United States.Phone No: USA: +1 909 545 6473Email: [emailprotected]Website: https://dataintelo.com

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Impact Of Covid-19 On Breast Cancer Predictive Genetic Testing Market Is To Witness Significant Growth Between 2020-2027 With Leading Players Roche,...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

The Genetic Testing market research report 2020 provides an in-depth analysis of significant market dynamics. The report comprehensively emphasizes on drivers, restraints, trends and opportunities prevailing in the global and regional market. The report studies all key market information including revenue, market share, segmentation breakdown. The Genetic Testing market report offers an analysis of the key players with their product offerings, business strategies, and geographical presence.

Global Genetic Testing market size is estimated to grow at a CAGR of over 12% with Revenue USD 4.86billion during the forecast period 2020-2024.

Get a Sample Copy of the Report https://www.industryresearch.co/enquiry/request-sample/14966951

About Genetic Testing Market:

Genetic Testing Market analysis considers sales from both equipment and consumable products. Our study also finds the sales of genetic testing in Asia, Europe, North America, and ROW. In 2019, the equipment segment had a significant market share, and this trend is expected to continue over the forecast period. Factors such as increasing workload for performing high-throughput tests in clinical diagnostic facilities will play a significant role in the equipment segment to maintain its market position. Also, our global genetic testing market report looks at factors such as rising prevalence of genetic diseases and disorders, rising approval of advanced genetic testing products, and increasing affordability due to reduction in cost of genetic testing. However, varying regulations on genetic testing and research globally, issues related to product recalls, and lack of trained genetic professionals may hamper the growth of the genetic testing industry over the forecast period.

Some Key Players of Genetic Testing Market Are:

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Market Dynamics of Genetic Testing Market:

Driver: Rising Approval Of Advanced Genetic Testing Products

Trends: Growing Adoption Of Pharmacogenetic Testing In Reducing Adverse Drug Events

Challenges: Lack Of Trained Genetic Professionals

Rising approval of advanced genetic testing products

Commercial applications of genetic screening in human health management and the advent of whole genome sequencing have allowed vendors to offer a variety of innovative products in the global genetic testing market. The use of advanced technologies such as pharmacogenomics and companion diagnostics has helped vendors in assuring the safety of their products. Furthermore, the deployment of rapid and simplified technologies in genetic testing offers several benefits including the reduction in turnaround time, optimum resource use, and accuracy in genetic diagnosis. Thus, the rising approval of advanced genetic testing products will lead to the expansion of the global genetic testing market at a CAGR of over 12% during the forecast period.

Growing adoption of pharmacogenetic testing in reducing adverse drug events

The growing approval of new drug molecules and the rising demand for targeted therapies and personalized medicines have increased the adoption of pharmacogenomic testing by pharmaceutical companies. Pharmacogenomic testing combines the principles of pharmacology and genomics to study the response of an individual to any specific drug. The study of drug-specific responses allows pharmaceutical companies to prevent adverse drug incidence and ensure drug safety and performance during pre and post commercial stages. This development is expected to have a positive impact on the overall market growth.

Genetic Testing Market Segmentation Analysis:

By Type:

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Genetic Testing Market Report Highlights:

Genetic Testing Market Segment by Regions:

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Some Points from Genetic Testing Market Report TOC:

PART01:EXECUTIVESUMMARY

PART02:SCOPEOFTHEREPORT

PART03:MARKETLANDSCAPE

PART04:MARKETSIZING

PART05:FIVEFORCESANALYSIS

PART06:MARKETSEGMENTATIONBYTECHNOLOGY

PART07:MARKETSEGMENTATIONBYFURNACETYPE

PART08:CUSTOMERLANDSCAPE

PART09:GEOGRAPHICLANDSCAPE

PART 10: DRIVERS AND CHALLENGES

PART 11: MARKET TRENDS

PART 12: VENDOR LANDSCAPE

PART 13: VENDOR ANALYSIS

For Detailed TOC Click Here

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Original post:
Genetic Testing Market Drivers, Growth Rate Analysis 2020 Global Industry Analysis, Key Venders, Global Trends, Size, Share and Profits Forecast to...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Market Report briefly splits the worldwide Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing market based on product type, various applications, and geographical regions. The data portrayed in the report is collected from various global industrys that help us to calculate the growth of the segments in the forecast period. Apart from this, the report demonstrates the competitive set-up in the global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing market.

Get a Sample Copy of report https://www.marketreportsworld.com/enquiry/request-sample/15902182

Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Market provides sizing and growth opportunities for the period 2020-2025. Provides comprehensive insights on the latest industry trends, forecast, and growth drivers in the market. Report Includes a detailed analysis of growth drivers, challenges, and investment opportunities. Delivers a complete overview of segments and the regional outlook of the market. Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Market Offers an exhaustive summary of the vendor landscape, competitive analysis, and key strategies to gain competitive advantage.

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List Of Best KEY PLAYERS in Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Market Report are:-

About Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Market:

Market Analysis and Insights: Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing MarketThe global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing market size is projected to reach US$ 3920 million by 2026, from US$ 3647.2 million in 2020, at a CAGR of 6.9%% during 2021-2026.Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing

Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Market By Type:

Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Market By Application:

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Geographically, this report is segmented into several key regions, with sales, revenue, market share and growth Rate of Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing in these regions, from 2015 to 2025, covering

The study objectives of this report are:

Key Stakeholders

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Major Points from Table of Contents:

1 Report Overview1.1 Study Scope1.2 Key Market Segments1.3 Players Covered1.4 Market Analysis by Type1.4.1 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic TestingMarket Size Growth Rate by Type (2014-2025)1.4.2 Major-Type1.4.3 Independent-Type1.4.4 Administrator-Type1.5 Market by Application1.5.1 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic TestingMarket Share by Application (2014-2025)1.5.2 Commercial1.5.3 Commonweal1.5.4 Other1.6 Study Objectives1.7 Years Considered

2 Global Growth Trends2.1 Prenatal and New-born Genetic TestingMarket Size2.2 Prenatal and New-born Genetic TestingGrowth Trends by Regions2.2.1 Prenatal and New-born Genetic TestingMarket Size by Regions (2014-2025)2.2.2 Prenatal and New-born Genetic TestingMarket Share by Regions (2014-2020)2.3 Industry Trends2.3.1 Market Top Trends2.3.2 Market Drivers2.3.3 Market Opportunities

3 Market Share by Key Players3.1 Prenatal and New-born Genetic TestingMarket Size by Manufacturers3.1.1 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic TestingRevenue by Manufacturers (2014-2020)3.1.2 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic TestingRevenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2014-2020)3.1.3 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic TestingMarket Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)3.2 Prenatal and New-born Genetic TestingKey Players Head office and Area Served3.3 Key Players Prenatal and New-born Genetic TestingProduct/Solution/Service3.4 Date ofEnterinto Prenatal and New-born Genetic TestingMarket3.5 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

4 Breakdown Data by Type and Application4.1 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic TestingMarket Size by Type (2014-2020)4.2 Global Prenatal and New-born Genetic TestingMarket Size by Application (2014-2020)

(5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) United States, Europe,China,Japan,Southeast Asia,India,Central & South AmericaPrenatal and New-born Genetic TestingMarket Size (2014-2020)Key PlayersPrenatal and New-born Genetic TestingMarket Size by TypePrenatal and New-born Genetic TestingMarket Size by Application

12 International Players ProfilesCompany DetailsCompany Description and Business OverviewPrenatal and New-born Genetic TestingIntroductionRevenue in Prenatal and New-born Genetic TestingBusiness (2014-2020)Recent Development

13 Market Forecast 2020-202513.1 Market Size Forecast by Regions13.2 United States13.3 Europe13.4 China13.5 Japan13.6 Southeast Asia13.7 India13.8 Central & South America13.9 Market Size Forecast by Product (2020-2025)13.10 Market Size Forecast by Application (2020-2025)

14 Analysts Viewpoints/Conclusions

15 Appendix15.1 Research Methodology15.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach15.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design15.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation12.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation15.1.2 Data Source15.1.2.1 Secondary Sources15.1.2.2 Primary Sources15.2 Disclaimer15.3 Author Details

Continued.

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Prenatal and New-born Genetic Testing Market 2020 Size with Top Manufactures are Agilent Technologies, Inc.,Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.,Natera,...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

At its virtual commencement ceremony Saturday for the Class of 2020, Washington & Jefferson College will be presenting an honorary Doctor of Science degree to Mark L. Tykocinski, a medical doctor at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia.

Tykocinski is the dean of the universitys Sidney Kimmel Medical College, one of the oldest in the nation. He has been in that role since 2008. Tykocinski is also the provost and executive vice president of academic affairs at the university. Before working at Thomas Jefferson University, Tykocinski spent a decade as a professor and chair of the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. His research interests have been in the fields of cellular and molecular immunology, cell surface engineering and biologics innovation.

Tykocinski has contributed to the development of novel cell therapy strategies and the engineering of a novel class of mammalian gene expression vectors that have been distributed around the world. He holds research patents in the fields of molecular and cellular immunology, and is a fellow with the National Academy of Inventors. He received degrees from Yale and New York universities.

The college that Tykocinski oversees is closely linked to W&J. The Class of 2020 at W&J includes the first students to receive degrees after completing a year of study at the medical school. This is happening thanks to a partnership W&J struck up with the Sidney Kimmel Medical College that allows W&J students with majors outside the natural sciences to start studying at Sidney Kimmel after their junior year at W&J. Thomas Jefferson University started the partnership as part of the universitys efforts to bring more liberal arts students into their medical college.

W&J had hoped to hold an in-person commencement ceremony Saturday, but changed it to an online event due to rising COVID-19 numbers in the region. The college is hoping to hold an in-person reunion for members of the Class of 2020 at some point, perhaps as soon as next year.

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Thomas Jefferson University doctor to be honored at W&J commencement - Observer-Reporter

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Today's early morning highlights from the major news organizations.

Kaiser Health News:Its About Love And Solidarity: Mutual Aid Unites NYC Neighbors Facing COVIDNancy Perez, a 45-year-old resident of the Brooklyn neighborhood of Bedford-Stuyvesant, contracted COVID-19 in March. She stayed quarantined in her room for a month to isolate from her two sons and grandson. A few days before she got the virus, shed met a volunteer with Bed-Stuy Strong one of the many mutual aid groups around the country that have rallied to provide help in the face of the pandemic. Bed-Stuy Strong assembled an army of volunteers to help vulnerable neighbors with food deliveries and basic supplies. While Perez was in isolation, volunteers regularly delivered cooked food for her sons, ages 17 and 20, and her 4-year-old grandson. (Lawrence, 7/27)

Kaiser Health News:The Color Of COVID: Will Vaccine Trials Reflect Americas Diversity?When U.S. scientists launch the first large-scale clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccines this summer, Antonio Cisneros wants to make sure people like him are included. Cisneros, who is 34 and Hispanic, is part of the first wave of an expected 1.5 million volunteers willing to get the shots to help determine whether leading vaccine candidates can thwart the virus that sparked a deadly pandemic. If I am asked to participate, I will, said Cisneros, a Los Angeles cinematographer who has signed up for two large vaccine trial registries. It seems part of our duty. (JoNel Aleccia, 7/27)

Kaiser Health News:Employers Require COVID Liability Waivers As Conflict Mounts Over Workplace SafetyAfter spending a May day preparing her classroom to reopen for preschoolers, Ana Aguilar was informed that the tots would not have to wear face masks when they came back. Whats more, she had to sign a form agreeing not to sue the school if she caught COVID-19 or suffered any injury from it while working there. Other teachers signed the form distributed by the Montessori Schools of Irvine, but Aguilar said she felt uncomfortable, although it stipulated that staff members would be masked. At 23, she has a compromised immune system and was also worried that she could pass the coronavirus on to her fianc and other family members. (Meyer, 7/27)

Kaiser Health News:Last Thing Patients Need During Pandemic: Being Last To Know A Doctor Left NetworkAs the coronavirus spread silently through New York City early this year, Deborah Koeppel had an appointment with her cardiologist and two visits with her primary care doctor. Both physicians are members of Concorde Medical Group, a practice in Manhattan with an office conveniently located a few blocks from where Koeppel works. She soon received notices telling her after the fact that those doctors were not in her health plans network of providers. According to the notices, she was on the hook for $849 in out-of-network cost sharing for three visits, which typically would cost her nothing from in-network providers. (Andrews, 7/27)

NPR:Florida Case Count Surpasses That Of New York, The Country's Original EpicenterFlorida has recorded more coronavirus cases than New York. Only California, the most populous state in the country, has more. As of Sunday afternoon, data from Johns Hopkins University shows 423,855 people in Florida have tested positive for the coronavirus, compared to 411,736 in New York. California leads with 450,242 cases. (Treisman, 7/26)

Tampa Bay Times:Florida Coronavirus Cases Show Little Sign Of Slowing As State Surpasses New YorkThe number of infections and deaths tied to the novel coronavirus in Florida showed little sign of slowing Sunday as the state surpassed New York for the second-highest number of confirmed cases in the United States. Only California, with a population nearly twice as high as Floridas, has more cases. Floridas Department of Health reported 9,344 infections and 78 fatalities. The overall caseload is 423,855 since March 1, and the number of deaths tied to the virus is 5,972. (Dawson, 7/26)

The Hill:US Surpasses 1,000 COVID-19 Deaths For Fourth Straight DayThe U.S. tallied over 1,000 coronavirus-related deaths Friday for the fourth straight day this week, yet another sign of the alarming spike in COVID-19 cases across the country.There were 1,178 new deaths Friday alone, according to the COVID Tracking project, compared with 1,038 Tuesday, 1,117 Wednesday, and 1,039 Thursday. Over 137,000 people have died in the U.S. and over 4 million people have contracted the virus in the country since the outbreak began. (Axelrod, 7/25)

NPR:U.S. Coronavirus Hot Spots: Mid-Atlantic And Northeast Could BackslideFor weeks the U.S. coronavirus pandemic has largely been driven by spiraling outbreaks in the South and West. But some forecasters say Mid-Atlantic and Northeast states could soon be in deep trouble again, too. The warning comes from researchers at the PolicyLab at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, which has built a model to provide four-week forecasts for every U.S. county. NPR spoke to David Rubin, PolicyLab's director, an epidemiologist and professor at the University of Pennsylvania. (Aizenman, 7/24)

Stat:Trump Unveils Four Executive Orders Aimed At Lowering Drug PricesThe Trump administration unveiled four executive orders on Friday aimed at bringing down pharmaceutical prices, a last-ditch effort by the White House to cut drug costs before the November election. It remains unclear whether the Trump administration is capable of finalizing many of the actions by Election Day and whether it intends to do so. (Florko and Facher, 7/24)

Politico:Trump Signs Limited Drug Pricing Orders After Last-Minute Debate"The four orders I'm signing today will completely restructure the prescription drug market," Trump said in a speech, hearkening back to his 2016 campaign promise to slash costs. But the ambitious plans are rife with limitations. The rebate order comes with a caveat that any plan cannot increase seniors' premiums, the unworkable problem that led the adminstration to kill its original rebate rule last year. (Owermohle, Cancryn and Luthi, 7/24)

Politico:Trumps Talking Health Care Again, With 2020 In MindPresident Donald Trump is suddenly talking about health care again. He signed several executive orders on drug pricing on Friday. He vowed to unveil some new health plan by the end of next week, although he hasnt provided specifics or an explanation of how hell do it. His aides are touting a speech in which Trump will lay out his health care vision. White House counselor to the president Kellyanne Conway has been calling Trump the health care president. (McGraw and Ehley, 7/26)

AP:AP-NORC Poll: US Course At Record Low, Trump Sinks On VirusA new poll from The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research also finds Trumps approval for his handling of the COVID-19 pandemic falling to a new low, with just 32% of Americans supportive of his approach. ... Even as he tries to refocus his contest with Biden on divisive cultural issues and an ominous law and order message, Trumps reelection prospects are likely to be inextricably linked to his handling of the pandemic and whether voters believe the country will head back in the right direction under his leadership. The AP-NORC poll makes clear the challenge ahead for Trump on that front: 8 in 10 Americans say the country is heading in the wrong direction. (Pace and Fingerhut, 7/26)

Politico:Make America Normal Again: Trump Backers Plead For A Virus PlanPresident Donald Trump restarted the White House coronavirus briefings. He urged Americans to wear masks. He even scrapped his partys convention. To many of his own allies, its still not enough. Trumps political allies, alarmed by his sinking poll numbers, are warning that the presidents best chance to get reelected is to outline more detailed plans to conquer the coronavirus he keeps trying to wish away. They are advising him to offer people something concrete they can look to as the pandemic surges in dozens of states, eroding months of progress. (Kumar, 7/24)

The Wall Street Journal:GOP To Propose Aid Bill, With Extra Jobless Benefits Set To ExpireAfter days of disagreements between the White House and GOP lawmakers, Republicans are set to release their proposal for the next coronavirus relief bill on Monday, with millions of Americans on the verge of losing expanded unemployment benefits.Lawmakers now have little time before the $600 weekly supplement to jobless benefits ends. In negotiations with Democrats, three months before the election, an agreement on unemployment insurance might prove to be the most difficult to reach. (Ballhaus and Duehren, 7/26)

The Hill:White House, Senate GOP Race To Finalize Coronavirus Package Ahead Of Monday RolloutThe White House and Senate Republicans are workingto finalize a coronavirus relief package ahead of a Monday rollout. Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin and White House chief of staff Mark Meadows were back in the Capitol on Sunday for a second day of meetings with GOP staff as they work to lock down the forthcoming proposal. As he left the Capitol, Meadows told reporters that they had"been working through just some of the technical language" and had reached "an agreement in principle." (Carney, 7/26)

The Hill:Mnuchin: It 'Wouldn't Be Fair To Use Taxpayer Dollars To Pay More People To Sit Home'Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin took a hard line Sunday against the $600 increase in unemployment benefits that was a part of the last coronavirus relief measure, saying, It just wouldnt be fair to use taxpayer dollars to pay more people to sit home than they would working and get a job. GOP lawmakers have taken a hard line against theenhancement as they negotiate with the White House over a new relief measure. The initial bill won blowback from Republicans who said some people would make more money not working than going to work. (Budryk, 7/26)

The New York Times:Trump Officials Float Idea Of Narrow Bill To Extend Unemployment BenefitsTop Trump administration officials proposed on Sunday potentially short circuiting free-ranging stimulus talks with Democrats to rush through a much narrower bill prioritizing an extension of federal unemployment benefits that are set to expire this week for millions of Americans. Mark Meadows, the White House chief of staff, said he would now like to see lawmakers act this week to extend and alter the unemployment program, give tax credits to businesses to help ease reopening costs and grant employers new liability protections while setting aside a long list of other objectives, including Democrats priorities. (Fandos and Cochrane, 7/26)

AP:White House Pushes Narrow Virus Aid; Pelosi Blasts GOP DelayHouse Speaker Nancy Pelosi on Sunday assailed Republican disarray over a new pandemic relief package as the White House suggested a narrower effort might be necessary, at least for now. The California Democrat panned the Trump administrations desire to trim an expiring temporary federal unemployment benefit from $600 weekly to about 70% of pre-pandemic wages. The reason we had $600 was its simplicity, she said from the Capitol. (Mascaro and Superville, 7/26)

The New York Times:Fires And Pepper Spray In Seattle As Police Protests Widen Across U.S.Weeks of violent clashes between federal agents and protesters in Portland, Ore., galvanized thousands of people to march through the streets of American cities on Saturday, injecting new life into protests that had largely waned in recent weeks. One of the most intense protests was in Seattle, where a day of demonstrations focused on police violence left a trail of broken windows and people flushing pepper spray from their eyes. At least 45 protesters had been arrested as of early evening, and both protesters and police officers suffered injuries. (Baker and Bogel-Burroughs, 7/25)

AP:Police And Protesters Clash In Violent Weekend Across The USProtests took a violent turn in several U.S. cities over the weekend with demonstrators squaring off against federal agents outside a courthouse in Portland, Oregon, forcing police in Seattle to retreat into a station house and setting fire to vehicles in California and Virginia. A protest against police violence in Austin, Texas, turned deadly when a witness says the driver of a car that drove through a crowd of marchers opened fire on an armed demonstrator who approached the vehicle. And someone was shot and wounded in Aurora, Colorado, after a car drove through a protest there, authorities said. (Martin, 7/26)

Reuters:Seattle Black Lives Matter Clashes Spark 45 Arrests, 21 Police InjuredDozens were arrested and many police injured in clashes around Seattles biggest Black Lives Matter protest in weeks on Saturday, police said, with a renewed energy sparked by violent clashes between activists and federal agents in nearby Portland, Oregon. Police said officers used non-lethal weapons in attempts to disperse the thousands of marchers in the late afternoon after some protesters set fire to the construction site for a King County juvenile detention facility and courthouse. By 10 p.m., police had made 45 arrests in connection with todays riot in the East Precinct, the Seattle Police wrote in a Twitter post. Scruggs, 7/25)

The New York Times:Hurricanes Choice For Texans: Shelter From The Virus Or The StormBartt Howes boat was his refuge from the pandemic. Battling diabetes and H.I.V., he knew that catching the coronavirus as well could kill him, so he had been living alone on the docked boat for three months. Then Hurricane Hanna began to slam the Texas coast on Saturday, forcing Mr. Howe to trade one deadly menace for another: To avoid injury or death in the hurricane, he had to risk infection ashore. I had managed to stay safe all this time, but the storm kicked me out of my boat, he said with a hint of resignation. Now here I am, back on land, on borrowed time. (Sandoval, 7/26)

AP:Tropical Storm Hanna Drenches South Texas Amid Virus CrisisA day after roaring ashore as a hurricane, Hanna lashed the Texas Gulf Coast on Sunday with high winds and drenching rains that destroyed boats, flooded streets and knocked out power across a region already reeling from a surge in coronavirus cases. Downgraded to a tropical storm, Hanna passed over the U.S.-Mexico border with winds near 50 mph (85 kph), the National Hurricane Center said. It unloaded more than 12 inches (30 centimeters) of rain on parts of South Texas and northeastern Mexico. Border communities whose health care systems were already strained by COVID-19 cases with some patients being airlifted to larger cities found themselves under siege from the first hurricane of the 2020 Atlantic season. There were no immediate reports of any deaths on either side of the border. (Mone and Merchant, 7/26)

The Washington Post:Tropical Storm Hanna Unloading Flooding Rains In South TexasOn Sunday evening, Hanna continued its march southwest as a tropical depression, slipping into Mexico while still lashing the Rio Grande Valley with prolific rainfall. The direct strike by Hanna comes at a time when the Lone Star State is grappling with a spike in coronavirus cases. (Cappucci, Samenow and Freedman, 7/26)

The New York Times:FEMA Sends Faulty Protective Gear To Nursing Homes Battling VirusExpired surgical masks. Isolation gowns that resemble oversize trash bags. Extra-small gloves that are all but useless for the typical health workers hands. Nursing home employees across the country have been dismayed by what theyve found when theyve opened boxes of protective medical gear sent by the federal government, part of a $134 million effort to provide facilities a 14-day supply of equipment considered critical for shielding their vulnerable residents from the coronavirus. (Jacobs, 7/24)

Politico:Trump Administration Invests $472M More In Moderna Vaccine CandidateThe Trump administration is going to pump another $472 million into expanding Modernas clinical trial to test the safety and efficacy of its coronavirus vaccine candidate. What happened: Moderna announced Sunday that the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, known as BARDA, is pouring the additional dollars the day before the phase three trial of the vaccine candidate is slated to start. (Roubein, 7/26)

Reuters:Moderna Gets Further $472 Million U.S. Award For Coronavirus Vaccine DevelopmentThe U.S.-based drug maker said the additional funding will support its late-stage clinical development including the expanded Phase 3 study of Modernas vaccine candidate. In April, Moderna had received $483 million from the U.S. federal agency that funds disease-fighting technology, when the experimental vaccine was in an early-stage trial conducted by the U.S. National Institutes of Health. (7/26)

The Hill:Meadows Says White House Is 'Hopeful' It Can Announce New Coronavirus Therapies 'In The Coming Days'White House chief of staff Mark Meadows said Sunday that the administration is hopeful it can announce new therapies to treat the coronavirus in the coming days. Meadows told ABCs This Week that the White House has been working around the clock,with a focuson COVID-19 therapeutics, vaccines and mitigation therapies.The president has been very clear whatever amount of money and whatever amount of time needs to be invested, were doing that, the White House chief of staff said. (Coleman, 7/26)

The Hill:Azar: If We Wear Masks, We Can Avoid Further ShutdownsHealth and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar said Sunday that widespread social distancing and mask usage would eliminate the need for resuming shutdowns due to the coronavirus pandemic. If we wear our masks we can avoid further shutdowns but if we dont that will be the consequence, Azar said Sunday on CBS Face the Nation. (Budryk, 7/26)

Politico:Azar Blames Testing Delays On StatesHHS Secretary Alex Azar Sunday blamed the current delays in coronavirus testing on the states, which he said have been too slow to spend federal dollars to boost the countrys testing amid the virus's spread. The Trump administration has frequently sought to put the responsibility for the coronavirus response on governors and local officials, even as many public health officials as well as governors have called for a coordinated national emergency response. (Roubein, 7/26)

Politico:U.S. Testing Czar: Everyone Who 'Needs' A Covid-19 Test Can Get OneAdmiral Brett Giroir, the Trump administration coronavirus testing czar, said that anyone who needs a coronavirus test can get one but he acknowledged that the average turnaround time for tests is too long as states smash records for numbers of cases. Appearing on CNN's "State of the Union," he pushed back at former Trump chief of staff Mick Mulvaney who earlier this month called his familys difficulties obtaining tests promptly inexcusable" this many months into the pandemic. (Roubein, 7/26)

The Hill:Ex-CDC Director On US, COVID-19: 'We Are A Laggard'Former Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Director Tom Frieden on Sunday said the U.S. had been a laggard in addressing the coronavirus pandemic, specifically pointing to lack of centralized information. Ill be frank, we are a laggard, Frieden said on Fox News Sunday. We are one of the top in the world in terms of the cumulative death rate unlike many other countries that have high death rates, ours is continuing to increase. (Budryk, 7/26)

The Hill:CDC: Even Mild Coronavirus Symptoms Can Persist For WeeksCOVID-19 can result in prolonged illness even in people with mild symptoms, including young adults, according to a newanalysisreleased Friday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).It has been known that people severely ill after contracting COVID-19 can stay sick for several weeks. But less has been known about theeffects of the disease on people with milder symptoms who dont require hospitalization. (Hellmann, 7/24)

Stat:Covid-19 Vaccines May Cause Mild Side Effects, Experts SayWhile the world awaits the results of large clinical trials of Covid-19 vaccines, experts say the data so far suggest one important possibility: The vaccines may carry a bit of a kick. In vaccine parlance, they appear to be reactogenic, meaning they have induced short-term discomfort in a percentage of the people who have received them in clinical trials. This kind of discomfort includes headache, sore arms, fatigue, chills, and fever. As long as the side effects of eventual Covid-19 vaccines are transient and not severe, these would not be sources of alarm in fact, they may be signals of an immune system lurching into gear. (Branswell, 7/27)

The New York Times:Your Coronavirus Antibodies Are Disappearing. Should You Care?Your blood carries the memory of every pathogen youve ever encountered. If youve been infected with the coronavirus, your body most likely remembers that, too. Antibodies are the legacy of that encounter. Why, then, have so many people stricken by the virus discovered that they dont seem to have antibodies? Blame the tests. (Mandavilli, 7/26)

The Wall Street Journal:A Big Unknown In Covid-19 Vaccine Development: How Long Will Protection Last?If any of the most-advanced Covid-19 vaccines prove to work safely, they may protect people for months or years rather than the rest of their lives, according to emerging science and health experts. Only a handful of vaccines generate lifetime immunity for most people, such as the ones for measles, a viral infection that naturally produces lifelong immunity. Experts caution against expectations of such longevity for Covid-19, citing experience with other respiratory viruses plus emerging data on the longevity of the antibodies that can prevent the virus from entering human cells and replicating. (Hopkins, Hernandez and Loftus, 7/26)

The Washington Post:Coronavirus Vaccine Trials Aim To Include The Black And Hispanic CommunitiesEach fall, the Rev. Rob Newells urges the congregation at Imani Community Church in Oakland, Calif., to get a flu shot. He builds bridges everyday between the countrys most vulnerable, marginalized communities and the medical system, defusing suspicion about HIV prevention treatments and educating people about medical research. He prods health-care leaders to think harder about their messengers: Dont send a white doctor to tell black people what they need to do for their own good. But with the first massive coronavirus vaccine trial in people set to start Monday, Newells finds himself in an unfamiliar place: on the fence about what to tell his colleagues, his community, his cousins. Biomedical research, Newells knows, is a long and painstaking process and he is concerned about a vaccine campaign that seems so narrowly focused on speed. (Johnson, 7/26)

Stat:Covid-19 Surge Helps AI Researchers Amass Lung ScansAt first, the images of lungs infected by the novel coronavirus were hard to come by. It was early in the pandemic, and Joseph Paul Cohen, a researcher at the University of Montreal, was trying to stockpile radiology scans to train an artificial intelligence model to recognize warning signs of severe illness. With so few images available, the work was next to impossible. But in recent weeks, the resurgence of Covid-19 in the U.S. and other hotspots has solved that problem, allowing him to amass hundreds of lung scans from clinical reports published around the world. (Ross, 7/27)

The New York Times:Corporate Insiders Pocket $1 Billion In Rush For Coronavirus VaccineOn June 26, a small South San Francisco company called Vaxart made a surprise announcement: A coronavirus vaccine it was working on had been selected by the U.S. government to be part of Operation Warp Speed, the flagship federal initiative to quickly develop drugs to combat Covid-19. Vaxarts shares soared. Company insiders, who weeks earlier had received stock options worth a few million dollars, saw the value of those awards increase sixfold. And a hedge fund that partly controlled the company walked away with more than $200 million in instant profits. (Gelles and Drucker, 7/25)

The Washington Post:ADHD Video Game Treatment Approved By FDACan a video game help children struggling with ADHD? That question inspired hopeful headlines last month after the Food and Drug Administration permitted marketing of the first digital game that may be prescribed to treat children ages 8 to 12 who have been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In EndeavorRx, designed for iPhones and iPads, children guide an avatar surfing through molten lava and an icy river, dodging fires and icebergs while grabbing flying objects. The game is not yet available for purchase, nor has a price been released, but its Boston-based developer, Akili Interactive Labs, may now feature its unique status in ads and pursue coverage by insurance plans. (Ellison, 7/26)

CIDRAP:Study Finds No Transmission Of COVID-19 From Moms To NewbornsA study yesterday in The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health found no evidence of COVID-19 transmission between 120 babies born to mothers with COVID-19, even after 2 weeks of breastfeeding with appropriate hygiene precautions. The findings led the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) to change its guidance on infants and COVID-19positive mothers. The guidelines now recommend that newborns "room-in" with infected others after delivery if proper hygiene precautions are taken, including wearing a mask when appropriate and practicing hand hygiene. (7/24)

CIDRAP:Pilot Study Evaluates Use Of Dogs For SARS-CoV-2 DetectionA small pilot study suggests trained scent-detection dogs have the potential to be used for mass detection of people infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, German researchers reported yesterday in BMC Infectious Diseases. In the study, eight dogs were trained for 1 week to detect SARS-CoV-2 from saliva or tracheobronchial secretions of patients infected with the virus. During the training, dogs were presented with positive and negative samples (confirmed by RT-PCR tests) using a device with seven scent holes with tubes leading to metal containers that held the samples. Only one hole had a container with a positive sample, and the other six had containers with control samples. After a week, the researchers conducted a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. (7/24)

AP:US Agency Vows Steps To Address COVID-19 InequalitiesIf Black, Hispanic and Native Americans are hospitalized and killed by the coronavirus at far higher rates than others, shouldnt the government count them as high risk for serious illness? That seemingly simple question has been mulled by federal health officials for months. And so far the answer is no. But federal public health officials have released a new strategy that vows to improve data collection and take steps to address stark inequalities in how the disease is affecting Americans. Officials at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stress that the disproportionately high impact on certain minority groups is not driven by genetics. (Stobbe, 7/25)

USA Today:Diabetes And COVID: Coronavirus Highlights America's Health ProblemsDr. Anne Peters splits her mostly virtual work-week between a diabetes clinic on the west side of Los Angeles and one on the east side of the sprawling city.Three days a week she treats people whose diabetes is well controlled. They have insurance, so they can afford the newest medications and blood monitoring devices. They can exercise and eat well. Those generally more affluent West LA patients who've gotten COVID-19 have developed mild to moderate symptoms feeling miserable, she said but treatable, with close follow-up at home. ... On the other two days of her work week, it's a different story. (Weintraub, 7/27)

The New York Times:In Era Of Sickness, Doctors Prescribe Unusual Cure: VotingThe sign is easy to miss in the waiting room of the emergency department at Massachusetts General Hospital, next to the reception desk and a hand sanitizer pump. Register to vote here, it says, above an iPad attached to a podium. The kiosk has stood there since November, before the pandemic began and stayed there through the worst weeks of April, when 12 gasping patients were put on ventilators during a single grueling 12-hour shift. Now, as the number of coronavirus patients has slowed to a trickle, Dr. Alister Martin, the 31-year-old emergency room doctor who built the kiosk, is determined to keep trying to register voters. (Stockman, 7/25)

NPR:Gene Therapy Sees Encouraging Success In Child With Duchenne Muscular DystrophyThis is the story of a fatal genetic disease, a tenacious scientist and a family that never lost hope. Conner Curran was 4 years old when he was diagnosed with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, a genetic disease that causes muscles to waste away. Conner's mother, Jessica Curran, remembers some advice she got from the doctor who made that 2015 diagnosis: "Take your son home, love him, take him on trips while he's walking, give him a good life and enjoy him because there are really not many options right now." (Hamilton, 7/27)

NPR:Could A Flu Shot Reduce Your Alzheimer's Risk?For years, public health officials have been trying to dispel the myth that people who get a flu shot are more likely to get Alzheimer's disease. They are not. And now there is evidence that vaccines that protect against the flu and pneumonia may actually protect people from Alzheimer's, too. The evidence comes from two studies presented Monday at this year's Alzheimer's Association International Conference, which is being held as a virtual event. (Hamilton, 7/27)

The Washington Post:References To White Men Still Dominate College Biology Textbooks, Survey SaysCharles Darwin. Carolus Linnaeus. Gregor Mendel. Theyre all men. Theyre all white. And their names appear in every biology book included in a new analysis of college textbooks. According to the survey, mentions of white men still dominate biology textbooks despite growing recognition in other media of the scientific contributions of women and people of color. The good news, the researchers say: Scientists in textbooks are getting more diverse. The bad news: If diversification continues at its current pace, it will take another 500 years for mentions of black/African American scientists to accurately reflect the number of black college biology students. (Brookshire, 7/26)

NPR:ADA At 30: 'We Are Not The Ones That Need To Change'Before the Americans with Disabilities Act granted people with disabilities greater protection and accessibility, a little-known law set the groundwork. In 1977, Judy Heumann helped lead a peaceful protest that forced the government to follow through with Section 504. As part of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act, the law would force hospitals, universities and other public spaces that received federal money, to remove barriers to accessibility for all Americans. But its implementation was long delayed over the costs necessary to retrofit buildings to comply with the law. (Shapiro and Bowman, 7/26)

AP:TV Reporter Credits Viewer With Noticing Cancerous LumpA television news reporter in Florida is crediting an eagle-eyed viewer for noticing a lump on her neck and emailing her that she should get it checked out. Victoria Price, a reporter for WFLA in Tampa, followed the advice and was diagnosed with cancer. Price tweeted that she is undergoing surgery on Monday to remove the tumor, her thyroid and a couple of lymph nodes. (7/26)

Politico:Sinclair To Delay Segment Featuring 'Plandemic' Conspiracy TheorySinclair Broadcasting on Saturday said it will delay its scheduled airing of a news segment featuring a viral conspiracy theory surrounding Anthony Faucis role in the Covid-19 pandemic.America This Week host Eric Bolling was scheduled to air an interview with Judy Mikovits, a medical researcher featured in the Plandemic video that claims Fauci, the nations top infectious disease expert, was responsible for the creation of the coronavirus, Media Matters reported. (Eliza Weaver, 7/25)

The Wall Street Journal:Sinclair Postpones Controversial Show About CoronavirusSinclair Broadcast Group Inc., the owner of 191 television stations across the U.S., delayed the airing of an interview about the alleged origins of the coronavirus pandemic that drew widespread criticism on social media. An episode of America This Week, which was slated to air over the weekend, features an interview with medical researcher Judy Mikovits, who has claimed that Dr. Anthony Fauci, the governments top infectious-disease expert, helped manufacture the coronavirus and spread it to China. Dr. Mikovitss claims have previously attracted attention in the documentary Plandemic, which was earlier pulled from major online platforms including Facebook Inc. and Alphabet Inc.s YouTube. (Rizzo, 7/26)

AP:Workers Praise Disney Virus Safety, But Will Visitors Come?Every week, it seems, Kaila Barker, her husband and their five children change their minds about whether to travel from their home in Connecticut to Floridas Walt Disney World as planned in September. On the one hand, the lack of crowds means more opportunities to go on rides without long waits. On the other hand, Connecticut and Florida have implemented pandemic-related quarantines for each others residents and visitors, and the Barkers worry whether the Disney magic will get lost with mandatory mask-wearing for visitors and workers, temperature checks and no parades, fireworks shows or up-close meet-and-greets with costumed characters. (Schneider, 7/26)

The Wall Street Journal:Major Truck-Stop Chains Will Require Drivers To Use Face MasksThe biggest U.S. truck-stop operators will require customers to wear masks starting next week, joining major retailers, restaurants and airlines in rolling out policies aimed at reducing the spread of coronavirus. Pilot Co., which operates 780 travel centers under the Pilot Flying J and other brands, said its mandate will take effect July 28. Similar policies kick in July 29 at Loves Travel Stops & Country Stores Inc. and TravelCenters of America Inc. sites. (Smith, 7/24)

USA Today:Walmart Mask Incident In Minnesota: Pair With Swastikas Banned A YearA Minnesota man and woman who wore face masks with swastikas on them in an incident captured on video have been banned fromWalmart storesnationwide for at least a year.The video, posted to Facebook on Saturday byRaphaela Mueller, shows a man and woman in a Walmart in Marshall, Minnesota, wearing red face coverings with swastikas. The woman flips off the camera while the man checks out groceries. (Culver, 7/26)

AP:Some US Police Resist Enforcing Coronavirus Mask MandatesLang Holland, the chief of police in tiny Marshall, Arkansas, said he thinks the threat of the coronavirus has been overstated and only wears a face mask if hes inside a business that requires them. He doesnt make his officers wear them either. So the day after Republican Gov. Asa Hutchinson signed an order requiring masks to be worn in public throughout Arkansas, Holland made it clear his department wasnt going to enforce the mandate in the Ozarks town of about 1,300, calling it an unconstitutional overreach. (DeMillo, 7/26)

AP:Amid Virus, Uncertainty, Parents Decide How To School KidsJoshua Claybourn is leaning toward sending his kindergarten daughter to in-person classes at a private school next month. Holly Davis sixth-grade daughter will learn online, though the family has not yet decided what to do for school for a teenage daughter who requires special accommodations for hearing problems and dyslexia and another whos starting college. As they decide how their children will learn this fall amid the coronavirus pandemic, parents are anxiously weighing the benefits of in-person instruction against the risks that schools could shut their doors again or that their children could contract the virus and pass it on. (Webber and Groves, 7/26)

The Hill:McEnany Likens Schools To 'Essential Places Of Business' In Push For ReopeningThe White House would support sending children back to school even if future studies showed kids transmitCOVID-19 at a higher rate than currently known, press secretary Kayleigh McEnany said Friday, arguing schools are "essential places of business." McEnany fielded multiple questions from reporters about President Trump's push for a return to in-person learning this fall even as he cancels some events for the Republican National Convention due to concerns about holding a mass gathering during the pandemic. Deborah Birx, the White House coronavirus response coordinator, also said Friday it's "an open question" how rapidly children under the age of 10 spread the virus. (Samuels, 7/24)

AP:Colleges Plan For Virus Testing, But Strategies Vary WidelyFor students heading to Colby College in Maine this fall, coronavirus testing is expected to be a routine part of campus life. All students will be required to provide a nasal swab every other day for two weeks, and then twice a week after that. All told, the college says it will provide 85,000 tests, nearly as many as the entire state of Maine has since the pandemic started. Colby, a private school of 2,000 students, joins a growing number of colleges announcing aggressive testing plans to catch and isolate COVID-19 cases before they spread. Harvard University says all students living on campus will be tested when they arrive and then three times a week. Boston University plans to test most students at least once a week. (Binkley, 7/26)

The New York Times:Tailors Know New Yorkers Pandemic Secret: Everybody Got Fat!With weddings postponed and offices shut, business was bleak at Woodside Tailor Shop in Queens during the long months of pandemic lockdown. There was no need for party dress alterations, or any pressure for slacks to be hemmed. But about three months in, things started picking back up in June, with one particular service in sudden demand: People needed a bit more breathing room in their clothing. Everybody got fat! said Porfirio Arias, 66, a tailor at Woodside. Its not only in New York. Its all over the world that people got fat. (Maslin Nir, 7/25)

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First Edition: July 27, 2020 - Kaiser Health News

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Andropause or male menopause has to do with the declining hormonal levels in older men. Read on to know the symptoms, causes and treatment of this condition.

We often talk about how women suffer from menopause and how it affects their health. But did you know that men also experience menopause? If scientific studies are to be believed, men also go through hormonal changes after the age of 50. However, it is very different from what women go through. Male menopause is a common term used for andropause, which refers to the decline in mens testosterone levels.

In andropause, the production of testosterone and other hormones decline in men. Testosterone is a hormone that leads to changes during puberty, manages your physical and mental health, maintains muscle mass, fuels sex-drive and other important functions in the body. The condition is also known as testosterone deficiency and late-onset hypogonadism. It is often associated with hypogonadism, which shows similar symptoms to this condition.

Symptoms

As per studies, this condition can cause a variety of symptoms and complications in the body.

- low energy levels

- depression or sadness

- feeling less motivated

- not able to focus on things

- insomnia

- development of breasts

- erectile dysfunction

- infertility

- decreased libido

- reduced bone density and muscle mass

- hair loss

- hot flashes

Treatment

Your doctor might take a blood sample to test your testosterone levels. However, in most cases, the symptoms are manageable without treatment. Making healthy lifestyle choices can help you alleviate the symptoms. So, eating healthy, regular exercise, adequate sleep, and less stress are some lifestyle changes that may help.

In case youre experiencing depression, your doctor may prescribe antidepressants, therapy and above-mentioned lifestyle changes.

Male VS Female Menopause

This has been a controversial topic for several years. According to Mayo Clinic, male menopause is nothing like female menopause. Female menopause is a natural part of ageing for women, whereas, male menopause doesnt even affect some older men. Due to the significant differences between the two conditions, doctors prefer calling it andropause or late-onset hypogonadism.

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What is Male Menopause? Heres everything you need to know about andropause - PINKVILLA

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

We all know what goosebumps are, but why have we evolved to hang on to this seemingly pointless physical reaction to the cold? New research suggests an answer: regulating stem cells that control hair follicles and hair growth.

In a detailed analysis of mice, scientists found that the specific muscles that contract when goosebumps appear are connected to the sympathetic nervous system. When low temperatures are sensed, these muscles bridge the gap between sympathetic nerves and hair follicles.

In the short term, it causes hair to stand up and goosebumps to appear; in the long term, it appears to promote hair growth. The researchers say this is an important link between stem cells which the body can use to create other kinds of cells and external stimuli.

(Hsu Laboratory/Harvard University)

Above: Hair follicle, sympathetic nerve (green), and muscle (magenta) under the microscope.

"The skin is a fascinating system," says biologist Ya-Chieh Hsufrom Harvard University. "It has multiple stem cells surrounded by diverse cell types, and is located at the interface between our body and the outside world. Therefore, its stem cells could potentially respond to a diverse array of stimuli from the niche, the whole body, or even the outside environment.

"In this study, we identify an interesting dual-component niche that not only regulates the stem cells under steady state, but also modulates stem cell behaviours according to temperature changes outside."

The team of researchers used high-resolution electron microscopy to identify this hair-growth regulation system, which involves the three types of tissue found in many organs: nerves (the sympathetic nerve), mesenchyme (holding the small muscles), and epithelium (the hair follicle stem cells).

While the connection between nerve and muscle was already known in this specific system, the link to the hair-regulating stem cells is a new discovery, and an unusual one neurons tend to prefer connections to other neurons or synapse-like connections to muscles. Here, those synapse-like connections are made to stem cells instead, wrapping around them like ribbons.

(Shwartz et al., Cell, 2020)

Above: How the muscle (pink), the sympathetic nerve (green), and the hair follicle stem cells (blue) react to cold.

The research also showed how prolonged cold puts the sympathetic nerves in a state of high alert, above the normal low-level activation that they spend most of their time at. More neurotransmitters are released, triggering quicker activation of the stem cells and, ultimately, quicker hair growth.

On top of that, the team established that the muscle was indeed an essential link between nerves and follicle stem cells when the muscle was removed, the connection was lost. The growth of the muscles is actually triggered by the hair follicles themselves, according to the activity observed in mice, anyway.

"We discovered that the signal comes from the developing hair follicle itself," says biologist Yulia Shwartz. "It secretes a protein that regulates the formation of the smooth muscle, which then attracts the sympathetic nerve.

"Then, in the adult, the interaction turns around, with the nerve and muscle together regulating the hair follicle stem cells to regenerate the new hair follicle. It's closing the whole circle the developing hair follicle is establishing its own niche."

While these same interactions haven't been observed in humans yet, biological similarities between mice and other mammals in this area make it likely that the same processes are going on underneath our own skin and that's why we can still get goosebumps.

This same tightening of muscles around hair follicles causes the little bumps on your skin to appear, and scientists think that back in the days when we were a lot hairier as a species, it would have provided some immediate defence against the cold. Now, an additional long-term strategy has also been revealed.

The researchers intend to do further work on the interaction between external environments and the stem cells in the skin, including looking at any other possible reactions that might be going on that we don't know about.

"We live in a constantly changing environment," says Hsu. "Since the skin is always in contact with the outside world, it gives us a chance to study what mechanisms stem cells in our body use to integrate tissue production with changing demands, which is essential for organisms to thrive in this dynamic world."

The research has been published in Cell.

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Science May Have Finally Explained The Reason Why We Still Get Goosebumps - ScienceAlert

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Harvard scientists find that the same cell types that cause goosebumps are responsible for controlling hair growth.

If youve ever wondered why we get goosebumps, youre in good company so did Charles Darwin, who mused about them in his writings on evolution. Goosebumps might protect animals with thick fur from the cold, but we humans dont seem to benefit from the reaction much so why has it been preserved during evolution all this time?

In a new study, Harvard University scientists have discovered the reason: the cell types that cause goosebumps are also important for regulating the stem cells that regenerate the hair follicle and hair. Underneath the skin, the muscle that contracts to create goosebumps is necessary to bridge the sympathetic nerves connection to hair follicle stem cells. The sympathetic nerve reacts to cold by contracting the muscle and causing goosebumps in the short term, and by driving hair follicle stem cell activation and new hair growth over the long term.

Published in the journal Cell, these findings in mice give researchers a better understanding of how different cell types interact to link stem cell activity with changes in the outside environment.

We have always been interested in understanding how stem cell behaviors are regulated by external stimuli. The skin is a fascinating system: it has multiple stem cells surrounded by diverse cell types, and is located at the interface between our body and the outside world. Therefore, its stem cells could potentially respond to a diverse array of stimuli from the niche, the whole body, or even the outside environment, said Ya-Chieh Hsu, the Alvin and Esta Star Associate Professor of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, who led the study in collaboration with Professor Sung-Jan Lin of National Taiwan University. In this study, we identify an interesting dual-component niche that not only regulates the stem cells under steady state, but also modulates stem cell behaviors according to temperature changes outside.

Many organs are made of three types of tissue: epithelium, mesenchyme, and nerve. In the skin, these three lineages are organized in a special arrangement. The sympathetic nerve, part of our nervous system that controls body homeostasis and our responses to external stimuli, connects with a tiny smooth muscle in the mesenchyme. This smooth muscle in turn connects to hair follicle stem cells, a type of epithelial stem cell critical for regenerating the hair follicle as well as repairing wounds.

The connection between the sympathetic nerve and the muscle has been well known, since they are the cellular basis behind goosebumps: the cold triggers sympathetic neurons to send a nerve signal, and the muscle reacts by contracting and causing the hair to stand on end. However, when examining the skin under extremely high resolution using electron microscopy, the researchers found that the sympathetic nerve not only associated with the muscle, but also formed a direct connection to the hair follicle stem cells. In fact, the nerve fibers wrapped around the hair follicle stem cells like a ribbon.

We could really see at an ultrastructure level how the nerve and the stem cell interact. Neurons tend to regulate excitable cells, like other neurons or muscle with synapses. But we were surprised to find that they form similar synapse-like structures with an epithelial stem cell, which is not a very typical target for neurons, Hsu said.

Next, the researchers confirmed that the nerve indeed targeted the stem cells. The sympathetic nervous system is normally activated at a constant low level to maintain body homeostasis, and the researchers found that this low level of nerve activity maintained the stem cells in a poised state ready for regeneration. Under prolonged cold, the nerve was activated at a much higher level and more neurotransmitters were released, causing the stem cells to activate quickly, regenerate the hair follicle, and grow new hair.

The researchers also investigated what maintained the nerve connections to the hair follicle stem cells. When they removed the muscle connected to the hair follicle, the sympathetic nerve retracted and the nerve connection to the hair follicle stem cells was lost, showing that the muscle was a necessary structural support to bridge the sympathetic nerve to the hair follicle.

In addition to studying the hair follicle in its fully formed state, the researchers investigated how the system initially develops how the muscle and nerve reach the hair follicle in the first place.

We discovered that the signal comes from the developing hair follicle itself. It secretes a protein that regulates the formation of the smooth muscle, which then attracts the sympathetic nerve. Then in the adult, the interaction turns around, with the nerve and muscle together regulating the hair follicle stem cells to regenerate the new hair follicle. Its closing the whole circle the developing hair follicle is establishing its own niche, said Yulia Shwartz, a postdoctoral fellow in the Hsu lab. She was a co-first author of the study, along with Meryem Gonzalez-Celeiro, a graduate student in the Hsu Lab, and Chih-Lung Chen, a postdoctoral fellow in the Lin lab.

With these experiments, the researchers identified a two-component system that regulates hair follicle stem cells. The nerve is the signaling component that activates the stem cells through neurotransmitters, while the muscle is the structural component that allows the nerve fibers to directly connect with hair follicle stem cells.

You can regulate hair follicle stem cells in so many different ways, and they are wonderful models to study tissue regeneration, Shwartz said. This particular reaction is helpful for coupling tissue regeneration with changes in the outside world, such as temperature. Its a two-layer response: goosebumps are a quick way to provide some sort of relief in the short term. But when the cold lasts, this becomes a nice mechanism for the stem cells to know its maybe time to regenerate new hair coat.

In the future, the researchers will further explore how the external environment might influence the stem cells in the skin, both under homeostasis and in repair situations such as wound healing.

We live in a constantly changing environment. Since the skin is always in contact with the outside world, it gives us a chance to study what mechanisms stem cells in our body use to integrate tissue production with changing demands, which is essential for organisms to thrive in this dynamic world, Hsu said.

Reference: Cell Types Promoting Goosebumps Form a Niche to Regulate Hair Follicle Stem Cells by Yulia Shwartz, Meryem Gonzalez-Celeiro, Chih-Lung Chen, H. Amalia Pasolli, Shu-Hsien Sheu, Sabrina Mai-Yi Fan, Farnaz Shamsi, Steven Assaad, Edrick Tai-Yu Lin, Bing Zhang, Pai-Chi Tsai, Megan He, Yu-Hua Tseng, Sung-Jan Lin and Ya-Chieh Hsu, 16 July 2020, Cell.DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.031

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Charles Darwin Investigated Goosebumps Now Harvard Scientists Discover the Real Reason Behind Them - SciTechDaily

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Stop it, youre giving me goosebumps.

Sometimes a compliment, sometimes a warning signal. Always a mystery.

Well, until now.

Science has had its day, and finally uncovered just why it is we get goosebumps.

Sure, we knowwhen they appear when were cold, were in a heightened emotional state and for some people, when theyre on the toilet.

Its known that goosebumps are a throwback to our hairier days, when cold temperatures would signal our body to bristle our human-coats to keep us warm.

In scientific terms, the sympathetic nerve in our skin contracts in the cold, pulling a wee muscle thats connected to the bottom of a hair follicle.

This makes the hair stand up on end, while simultaneously bringing the skin around its base inwards, creating a little bump.

A team of researchers from Harvard wanted to find out more about piloerection and why its stuck around.

The skin is a fascinating system: It has multiple stem cells surrounded by diverse cell types, and is located at the interface between our body and the outside world, said Ya-Chieh Hsu, the Alvin and Esta Star Associate Professor of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, who led the study in collaboration with Professor Sung-Jan Lin of National Taiwan University.

Therefore, its stem cells could potentially respond to a diverse array of stimuli from the niche, the whole body, or even the outside environment.

So they set about uncovering the tale of the goosebump.

They used electron microscopy to examine the skin, focusing on the sympathetic nerve.

They found that nervealso connect to the stem cells of the hair follicle so when it does its cold contract-dance, the stem cells are pushing into gear to grow a new hair.

What does that mean? It means goosebumps act to not only spring into action the hair that we do have (or had) to keep us warm, but tell our body to grow more hair, to keep us even warmer.

This particular reaction is helpful for coupling tissue regeneration with changes in the outside world, such as temperature, study first co-author Yulia Shwartz explained.

Its a two-layer response: Goosebumps are a quick way to provide some sort of relief in the short term. But when the cold lasts, this becomes a nice mechanism for the stem cells to know its maybe time to regenerate new hair coat.

Oh and why are they called goosebumps?

Because they look like the feather-less skin of a goose, or similar poultry.

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Finally, the health riddle weve all been puzzled by: Why we get goosebumps - The New Daily

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Using a wide range of statistics, the maps show what each state is best at, and worst at, for both the US and the EU.

It must be said that some of the best-in-class examples sound like backhanded compliments. Really, Cyprus? Best at handling euro coins & notes, that's your stand-out quality? And Hawaii, Least likely to collide with a deer? Well, duh. There are no native deer on Hawaii (1).

But there's plenty more to snicker about, or marvel at, on these maps.

What each US state is best at

Some qualities seem self-evident. Washington state, most bicycle-friendly? Oregon, most craft breweries per capita? Wisconsin, biggest cheese producer? I'll buy that.

Other best-in-class qualities of the but-of-course kind include: Alaska, most pilots per capita; Arizona, sunniest state; Georgia, top peanut producer; Michigan, most lighthouses; Colorado, least obese.

Many labels reflect the positive attitude of that state's citizens: South Carolina, most polite; Utah, most charitable; Iowa, lowest divorce rate; Kansas, most teenage volunteers; Ohio, most library visits per capita; Vermont, most frequent exercises.

But for quite a few states it seems like it was a struggle to come up with something genuinely nice: Wyoming, lowest rate of syphilis (despite the proximity of North Dakota, biggest penises); Montana, longest cat lifespans; Alabama, most concealed carry licenses; Virginia, most vanity license plates; Tennessee, largest walleye ever caught.

What each US state is worst at

Few things please us more than another person's flaws and failures - hence reality TV. This less than commendable tendency also explains why this map is much more eye-catching than the one above.

Just as a warm-up, some traffic horror: Illinois, most rail accidents; Pennsylvania, worst bridges; Idaho, worst drivers; Montana, most traffic fatalities per capita (how do those two categories not overlap?); Florida, most recreational boat accidents; Maine, fewest heliports (sounds like a one-percenter problem, though).

Other worst-in-class qualities reflect badly on the moral fibre of each state's citizens, although arguably not to the same degree. Alabama's most child smokers seems worse than Oklahoma's lowest produce consumption. Delaware's fewest regular exercisers sound less malign than next-door Maryland's worst at incarcerating the elderly. And Nevada's highest divorce rate is preferable over Wyoming's highest suicide rate.

Some labels sound like reverse-backhanded compliments. Utah, nerdiest state? Good for you. North Dakota, least visited? More of your state to yourself! Nebraska, least furniture manufacturing? If that's the worst thing you can come up with...

But some labels are genuinely disturbing. Visit Indiana, state with most meth incidents? Only if we have to. How about Missouri, home of the worst puppy mills in the land, or Kentucky, worst state to be an animal overall? Perhaps not. And definitely not Kansas, state with the ugliest scenery.

What each EU state is best at

France is the Colorado of Europe: both places have the lowest obesity rate within their respective Unions. And Iowa and Ireland have the lowest divorce rates in the US and EU, respectively.But most European best-ofs don't have an equivalent on the American map, leaving us to wonder: Which US state is the twin of Portugal, top cork producer in the EU? And where in America do they have the most work experience with robots, as in Slovakia?

Danes regularly top the lists of happiest people in the world; perhaps not unconnected to the fact that they're the dancingest, singingest people in Europe.

Many Europeans excel at being good to the environment, and their place in it: Belgians recycle most, Estonians waste least, the Dutch quit smoking the most, and the British kill each other the least.

The Germans are Europe's happiest workers, the Italians live the longest and the Austrians are the least likely to be unemployed. Bulgaria has the cheapest electricity, and Slovenia the fewest teen moms. And Greece, much maligned of late? At least it has the lowest rate of tuberculosis.

What Each EU state is worst at

The rosy picture painted by the statistics above has a Dorian Gray-like twin, bringing out Europe's ugly side.

Let's hope an apple a day keeps the doctor away: Poland produces most of the former, but has fewest of the latter.The Netherlands has the highest share of cyclist deaths among road fatalities. Perhaps it's all those ex-smokers trying to shape up.

The Czech Republic (or, newly, Czechia) is the best at drinking beer but, disconcertingly, also has more slavery than anywhere else in the EU. If Hungarians have the lowest illegal spend in Europe, perhaps it's because they have less to spend per se: nobody pays more in VAT.

Lithuania has more secondary school graduates than anywhere else in Europe, but also higher suicide rates. And those Danes? They're the Mainers of Europe, stuck with the continent's biggest first-world problem: fewest Zaras per capita.

--

All maps from Thrillist: here, here, here and here.

(1) Axis deer, native to India, were introduced on Molokai and Oahu in 1868, Lanai in 1920 and Maui in 1959. But their numbers are kept in check through targeted hunting. There were no axis deer on the Big Island until four were illegally introduced in 2009. Their offspring is actively being eradicated under the aegis of the Big Island Invasive Species Committee. This Facebook page monitors axis deer sightings on Big Island.

Strange Map #781

Got a strange map? Let me know at strangemaps@gmail.com.

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Study finds the real reason you get goosebumps - Big Think

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Stem cells are biological cells which have the ability to distinguish into specialized cells, which are capable of cell division through mitosis. Amniotic fluid stem cells are a collective mixture of stem cells obtained from amniotic tissues and fluid. Amniotic fluid is clear, slightly yellowish liquid which surrounds the fetus during pregnancy and is discarded as medical waste during caesarean section deliveries. Amniotic fluid is a source of valuable biological material which includes stem cells which can be potentially used in cell therapy and regenerative therapies. Amniotic fluid stem cells can be developed into a different type of tissues such as cartilage, skin, cardiac nerves, bone, and muscles. Amniotic fluid stem cells are able to find the damaged joint caused by rheumatoid arthritis and differentiate tissues which are damaged. Medical conditions where no drug is able to lessen the symptoms and begin the healing process are the major target for amniotic fluid stem cell therapy. Amniotic fluid stem cells therapy is a solution to those patients who do not want to undergo surgery. Amniotic fluid has a high concentration of stem cells, cytokines, proteins and other important components. Amniotic fluid stem cell therapy is safe and effective treatment which contain growth factor helps to stimulate tissue growth, naturally reduce inflammation. Amniotic fluid also contains hyaluronic acid which acts as a lubricant and promotes cartilage growth.

With increasing technological advancement in the healthcare, amniotic fluid stem cell therapy has more advantage over the other therapy. Amniotic fluid stem cell therapy eliminates the chances of surgery and organs are regenerated, without causing any damage. These are some of the factors driving the growth of amniotic fluid stem cell therapy market over the forecast period. Increasing prevalence of chronic diseases which can be treated with the amniotic fluid stem cell therapy propel the market growth for amniotic fluid stem cell therapy, globally. Increasing funding by the government in research and development of stem cell therapy may drive the amniotic fluid stem cell therapy market growth. But, high procedure cost, difficulties in collecting the amniotic fluid and lack of reimbursement policies hinder the growth of amniotic fluid stem cell therapy market.

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The global amniotic fluid stem cell therapy market is segmented on basis of treatment, application, end user and geography:

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Rapid technological advancement in healthcare, and favorable results of the amniotic fluid stem cells therapy will increase the market for amniotic fluid stem cell therapy over the forecast period. Increasing public-private investment for stem cells in managing disease and improving healthcare infrastructure are expected to propel the growth of the amniotic fluid stem cell therapy market.

However, on the basis of geography, global Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell Therapy Market is segmented into six key regionsviz. North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific Excluding China, China and Middle East & Africa. North America captured the largest shares in global Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell Therapy Market and is projected to continue over the forecast period owing to technological advancement in the healthcare and growing awareness among the population towards the new research and development in the stem cell therapy. Europe is expected to account for the second largest revenue share in the amniotic fluid stem cell therapy market. The Asia Pacific is anticipated to have rapid growth in near future owing to increasing healthcare set up and improving healthcare expenditure. Latin America and the Middle East and Africa account for slow growth in the market of amniotic fluid stem cell therapy due to lack of medical facilities and technical knowledge.

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Some of the key players operating in global amniotic fluid stem cell therapy market are Stem Shot, Provia Laboratories LLC, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Mesoblast Ltd., Roslin Cells, Regeneus Ltd. etc. among others.

Originally posted here:
Revenue from the Sales of Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell Therapy Market to Increase Exponentially During 2018 2026 - Owned

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Astrid Stawiarz

If you're trying to transition to a natural makeup routine, I highly recommend starting with a natural foundation. Here's my thought process: Foundation covers your entire face and most people wear it everyday, unlike, say mascara or lipstick. So why wouldn't you want to make the switch to clean and green with the product that's coming into contact with your skin the most? That said, it isn't always easy to find a natural foundation that works as well as the conventional kind, so I did a ton of testing and swatching to bring you this list of the 12 best natural foundations. Each one is made without potentially questionable ingredients, like parabens, phthalates, petrolatum, or talc, and honestly works just as well as whatever foundation you're currently using.

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This buildable natural foundation is super versatileyou can use just a little for a sheer, second-skin effector layer it on forfull-coverage. The clean formula is made with antioxidant-rich maqui berry to help protect skin from environmental aggressors, plus micellar technology which helps the foundation mimic your skin's natural texture for a seamless finish.

Best Natural Oil Foundation

Part face oil, partfoundation,this bb is loved by editors and makeup artists for it's ability to cover up redness, breakouts, and dark marks while still letting your skin look like real skin. Made with just 15 natural ingredients (most of which are nourishing plant oils), a few dropssoothe, plump, and nourish your skin.

Best Drugstore Natural Foundation

This top-rated option from Burt's Bees is proof that you can get a great natural foundation at the drugstore that won't cost you a ton of $$. The full-coverage liquid formula is 98.9 percent natural and gives skin a dewy glow thanks to moisturizingmeadow foam seed oil.

Best Natural Foundation Stick

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IMO, there's no easierfoundation to usethan a foundation stick. They're mess-free, easy to blend, and won't ever leak or spill in your makeup bag. This one from Laws of Nature Cosmetics is infused with organic plant oils (like sunflower seed oil and olive oil), so it's suuuuper creamy and easy to apply.

Best Multitasking Natural Foundation

I'm obsessed with this multitasking natural foundation. A few drops of the serum-like formula gives lightweight coverage (read: it'll cover redness and marks without making your skin feel suffocated), non-greasy hydration (thanks to hyaluronic acid and squalane), and UV protection with SPF 40.

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If your skin is on the drier side, this is the natural foundation for you. In addition to covering everything from acneto hyperpigmentation, it deeply moisturizesskin with a shea butter, grape seed oil, and glycerin to give you a plump, dewy finish. And even though it's super hydrating, the formula is non-comedogenic, so you don't need to worry about it breaking you out.

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Thisnatural foundation from Vapour Beauty honestlygives skin the prettiest glow. It usesorganicbotanical oils andtiny pearlescent pigmentsto reflect light and diffuse the look of dark spots and uneven texture while adding instantbrightness to your skin.

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A few taps of thisnatural pressed powder foundation give skin a velvety matte finish. It comes with a soft sponge for easy application, and is infused with argan oil, aloe vera, andevening primrose oil to ensure the powder formula never feels cakey or drying on your skin.

Best Anti-Aging Natural Foundation

This natural foundation from organic brand Juice Beautyis infused with an anti-aging serum (specifically, acombo of resveratrol, fruit stem cells, and vitamins C and E) that works to smooth lines and brighten dark spots with continued use. Even better: It won't settle into fine lines or pores, so you don't need to worry about touch-ups during the day.

Best Natural Loose Powder Foundation

Non-toxic and totally clean, this all-natural loose powder foundation is made with skin-friendlyminerals to cover up redness, acne, spots, and more without causing irritation or clogging your pores. And unlike like some loose powder foundations, this one won't make your skin look ashy or chalky.

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12 Best Natural and Organic Foundations of 2020 That Don't Crease - Cosmopolitan

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

The Regenerative Medicine Market report covers the overview of the market and presents the information on business development, market size, and share scenario. The report also emphasizes on the growth prospects of the global Regenerative Medicine market for the period 2020-2024. The report covers market characteristics for each segmentation across the key regions and country and traces the historic and forecast analysis of the industry. The report covers key vendors their revenue, breakdown by regions, and product demand. Other key details include volume, installed capacity, value chain.

Regenerative Medicine Market Dynamics:

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Regenerative Medicine Market Segmentation by Top Key Players:

Market Overview:

Scope of the Report:

As per the , regenerative medicines are used to repair, replace, and regenerate the tissues and organs affected by injury, disease, or the natural aging process. These medicines restore the functionality of cells and tissues and are used in several degenerative disorders, such as dermatology, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular, and orthopedic applications.

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Key Market Trends:

Dermatology is the Segment by Application that is Expected to be the Largest During the Forecast Period

Dermatology is estimated to have the largest share in revenue generation, and this high contribution is attributive to the presence of easy grafting techniques for dermatological wounds and diseases. Skin, being an organ with great cell replication characteristics, provides various types of stem cells from its different layers. Therefore, there are a broad range of products present, from patches to cure small injuries to matrix and grafts for chronic wounds and burns. Thus, the segment is expected to continue to dominate the market through to the forecast period.

The increasing number of accidents and bone defects is also expected to drive the regenerative medicine market. There are also several research studies that are being conducted on tissue engineering for the development of bone graft substitutes, with the help of regenerative medicine. So, with the new advances in bone graft, the market is expected to grow over the forecast period.

North America Holds the Largest Share and is Expected to Follow the Same Trend Over the Forecast Period

North America is estimated to have the largest share, in terms of revenue, owing to the presence of major players and rapid advances in technology, along with high investments in stem cell and oncology research. There is also an increasing prevalence of diseases, such as cancer and diabetes, which can now be cured by various stem cell therapies. Additionally, the awareness regarding the available stem cell procedures and therapies among people is rising, which in turn, is increasing the demand for the overall market.

The report provides key statistics on the market status of the Regenerative Medicine Market manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the Regenerative Medicine.

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Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Much of what we know about the horrors of slavery in the Americas comes from historical records. But new research shows that evidence of the slave trades atrocities can also be found in the DNA of African Americans.

A study conducted by the consumer genetics company 23andMe, published Thursday in the American Journal of Human Genetics, offers some new insight into the consequences of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, from the scale at which enslaved Black women were raped by their White masters to the less-documented slave trade that occurred within the Americas.

Its one of the largest studies of its kind, thanks in part to the massive database of 23andMe customers that researchers were able to recruit consenting participants from.

The authors compiled genetic data from more than 50,000 people from the Americas, Western Europe and Atlantic Africa, and compared it against the historical records of where enslaved people were taken from and where they were enslaved. Together, the data and records tell a story about the complicated roots of the African diaspora in the Americas.

For the most part, the DNA was consistent with what the documents show. But, the study authors said, there were some notable differences.

Heres some of what they found, and what it reveals about the history of slavery.

The enslaved workers who were taken from Africa and brought to the Americas were disproportionately male. Yet, genetic data shows that enslaved women contributed to gene pools at a higher rate.

In the US and parts of the Caribbean colonized by the British, African women contributed to the gene pool about 1.5 to 2 times more than African men. In Latin America, that rate was even higher. Enslaved women contributed to the gene pool in Central America, the Latin Caribbean and parts of South America about 13 to 17 times more.

To the extent that people of African descent in the Americas had European ancestry, they were more likely to have White fathers in their lineage than White mothers in all regions except the Latin Caribbean and Central America.

What that suggests: The biases in the gene pool toward enslaved African women and European men signals generations of rape and sexual exploitation against enslaved women at the hands of White owners, authors Steven Micheletti and Joanna Mountain wrote in an email to CNN.

That enslaved Black women were often raped by their masters is not a surprise to any Black person living in the US, says Ravi Perry, a political science professor at Howard University. Numerous historical accounts confirm this reality, as the studys authors note.

But the regional differences between the US and Latin America are whats striking.

The US and other former British colonies generally forced enslaved people to have children in order to maintain workforces which could explain why the children of an enslaved woman were more likely to have an enslaved father. Segregation in the US could also be a factor, the authors theorized.

By contrast, the researchers point to the presence of racial whitening policies in several Latin American countries, which brought in European immigrants with the aim of diluting the African race. Such policies, as well as higher mortality rates of enslaved men, could explain the disproportionate contributions to the gene pool by enslaved women, the authors wrote.

Far more people in the US and Latin America have Nigerian ancestry than expected, given what historical records show about the enslaved people that embarked from ports along present-day Nigeria into the Americas, according to the study.

What that suggests: This is most likely a reflection of the intercolonial slave trade that occurred largely from the British Caribbean to other parts of the Americas between 1619 and 1807, Micheletti and Mountain wrote.

Once enslaved Africans arrived in the Americas, many were put on new ships and transported to other regions.

Documented intra-American voyages indicate that the vast majority of enslaved people were transported from the British Caribbean to other parts of the Americas, presumably to maintain the slave economy as transatlantic slave trading was increasingly prohibited, the authors wrote in the study.

When enslaved people from Nigeria who came into the British Caribbean were traded into other areas, their ancestry spread to regions that didnt directly trade with that part of Africa.

Conversely, ancestry from the region of Senegal and the Gambia is underrepresented given the proportion of enslaved people who embarked from there, Micheletti and Mountain said.

The reasons for that are grim.

What that suggests: One possible explanation the authors gave for the low prevalence of Senegambian ancestry is that over time, more and more children from the region were forced onto ships to make the journey to the Americas.

The unsanitary conditions in the holds of the ship led to malnourishment and illness, the authors wrote, meaning that less of them survived.

Another possibility is the dangerous conditions that enslaved people from the region faced once they arrived. A significant proportion of Senegambians were taken to rice plantations in the US, which were often rampant with malaria, Micheletti and Mountain said.

The 23andMe study is significant in how it juxtaposes genetic data with historical records, as well as in the size of its dataset, experts who werent involved in the study told CNN.

Im not aware of anyone that has done such a comprehensive job of putting these things together, by a long shot, said Simon Gravel, a human genetics professor at McGill University. Its really big progress.

Still, he said, the research has its limitations.

In order to conduct their analysis, the scientists had to make a lot of simplifications, Gravel said. The researchers broke down African ancestry into four corresponding regions on the continents Atlantic Coast: Nigerian, Senegambian, Coastal West African and Congolese.

That doesnt tell you the whole story, Gravel added, though he said more data is needed in the broader field of genomics for the researchers to drill down deeper.

Jada Benn Torres, a genetic anthropologist at Vanderbilt University, also said she would have liked to see a higher proportion of people from Africa included in the study. Out of the more than 50,000 participants, about 2,000 were from Africa.

From the perspective of human evolutionary genetics, Africa is the most genetic diverse continent, she wrote in an email to CNN. In order to adequate capture existing variation, the sample sizes must be large.

But both Gravel and Benn Torres called the study an exciting start that offers more information about the descendents of enslaved Africans.

And that, the researchers, said was what they set out to do.

We hope this paper helps people in the Americas of African descent further understand where their ancestors came from and what they overcame, Micheletti wrote.

To me, this is the point, to make a personal connection with the millions of people whose ancestors were forced from Africa into the Americas and to not forget what their ancestors had to endure.

View original post here:
A new DNA study offers insight into the horrific story of the trans-Atlantic slave trade - KESQ

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Each cell in our bodies holds two metres of DNA that contains the six billion bits of the DNA code necessary for making a healthy human body. This is known as the human genome. It is now accepted that what makes people different, and contributes to their susceptibility to ill health, are the 6-10 million DNA differences in the human genome known to exist within the general population.

A surprising fact is that only 1.7% of these 6 billion bits of code represent the genes that make proteins. Proteins are the physical building blocks of our bodies and are essential to keep us healthy.

Though huge strides have been made in mapping the DNA differences associated with mental health conditions such as depression, schizophrenia and chronic anxiety thanks to the sequencing of the human genome, what surprised many was the discovery that over 98% of these DNA changes lay within the dark and mysterious remainder of the human genome that did not make protein.

This part of the genome had been largely dismissed as the junk genome but, because of its importance to health, is now known as the non-coding genome. Critically, we dont yet fully understand what type of information is contained in the non-coding genome that is so essential for human health and how DNA differences change this information result in ill-health.

To understand how the non-coding genome supports health it may be helpful to think of the human body as a vast and extremely complex community of different cells. Which means the identity of a cell, and its ability to communicate effectively with other cells, is essential for normal human development and health.

Based on this assumption, many scientists have suggested that although genes contain the information to make cells, the information required to allow these cells to communicate and organise into tissues resides in the non-coding genome. Incredibly, recent estimates suggest that the human non-coding genome contains over five times more information critical to health than that which is contained within genes.

We now know that much of the information in the non-coding genome is in the form of gene switch sequences (also known as promoters and enhancers) that control the levels that genes are turned on in specific cells and in response to specific signals. It is highly likely that these switches, by responding to signals travelling between cells, are responsible for coordinating the cell-to-cell interactions required to form the structure and function of organs such as the brain.

However, identifying these switches and their function in specific cells has been challenging. Being able to easily identify and understand these gene switches, and the effects of ill-health-inducing DNA differences on their activity, will be critical to fully understanding the genetic basis of mental health.

It has been known for some time that a number of genes are responsible for regulating behaviours such as alcohol intake and mood. Disappointingly, analysis of these genes in the human population has failed to identify changes in the DNA of these genes that were strongly associated with disorders such as alcohol abuse and chronic anxiety.

Working in collaboration with Andrew McIntosh at the University of Edinburgh, our research looked to determine what controlled the very specific expression of neuropeptides (chemical signals) in parts of the brain where they are essential to controlling normal mood and alcohol intake.

We noticed that the specific cell types in which many of these genes were switched on were shared by many different species. For example, the gene that produces the alcohol intake and mood-controlling galanin peptide was turned on in very specific regions of the hypothalamus and amygdala parts of the brain that control appetite and mood in mice, rats and humans.

We reasoned that the sequences of the gene switches that controlled this expression would also be very similar between these species. So we used powerful computers that lined up the DNA sequences of more than 100 vertebrate species and found that a non-protein-coding DNA sequence, next to the galanin gene, had changed very little through evolution, suggesting its importance for survival.

Using CRISPR genome editing, a process that allows us to make targeted deletions in the DNA of mice, we deleted this sequence from the mouse genome and found that the galanin gene was switched off in these mice. Surprisingly, we also found that mice lacking this switch drank less ethanol and that male mice had reduced fear. The most important observation was that the switch contained DNA differences in the human population that altered its activity.

Our research showed that one of the differences could be linked to alcohol abuse and anxiety in men in the UK Biobank human genetic cohort which mirrored our observations in mice. This study was recently published in the academic journal Molecular Psychiatry.

We believe that our ability to quickly and accurately identify the functional components of the non-coding human genome, and how they can go wrong to contribute to susceptibility to mental health conditions, is just the tip of the iceberg in terms of human health. Which means the same principles used in our studies can be applied for other diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes and susceptibility to Covid-19.

There is even evidence that the activity of these gene switches can be affected by life events such as childhood deprivation known to affect disease susceptibility through an epigenetic process known as DNA-methylation epigenetics being the study of biological mechanisms that switch genes on and off.

There has never been a more exciting time to be in genetics and it is hoped that the exploration of the dark matter of the non-coding genome will bring tremendous benefits in terms of being able to diagnose susceptibilities to mental health disorders and other conditions and help us develop new, more personalised treatments.

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Discovering how genetic 'dark matter' plays a role in mental illness is just the tip of the iceberg for human health - The Conversation UK

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

July 25, 2020

LUMBERTON It takes a village to raise a child.

Thats what Rhandi Cooper and Tyrell Taylor were thinking when the concept of The Village was born.

The Village is one of, if not, the newest nonprofit organization to pop up in Lumberton targeted toward helping at-risk youth in the area.

It started as an idea and turned into a movement, said Taylor, the organizations vice president. Weve got school teachers, a photographer, barbers. Theres a whole bunch of us, thats why we call ourselves The Village.

A group of us came together and just brainstormed on what we wanted to do and how we wanted to go about helping children and empowering them, Cooper said.

Cooper, 31, is president of The Village. She said that being a native of South Lumberton and being a single parent to her children gave her knowledge of what is needed for youth in the community. She is working toward a degree in Mathematics Education, with the goal of becoming a high school teacher.

I have two kids, a boy and a girl, and Ive always been inspired to help other youth, Cooper said.

Her childrens father is deceased, and she wanted to help others who are growing up in single-parent households or in poverty, Cooper said.

A lot of kids are raised in single-parent homes, and a lot of kids grow up in poverty, and I just wanted them to have something positive to do especially right now while theyre out of school and nothing is really going on, she said.

Taylor, 36, has been in Lumberton for the past 23 years. He grew up in Brooklyn, New York, and said both cities has similar struggles when it comes to youth. He grew up a troubled teen without a father and his mother worked three jobs to get them through, Taylor said.

A lot of kids are living the same lifestyle, he said. Im not going to say its all the same everywhere but every neighborhood Ive been from, Ive seen the same thing poverty, no role models, nobody to look up to and Ive realized if I can do something to help then I will.

The Village is in its beginning stages, still growing its membership of youth and volunteers. Cooper and Taylor envision the nonprofit growing into a program that offers youth role models, activities to keep them busy and opportunities in the real world.

I want them to have some positive role models, Cooper said. Theres a lot of bad stuff going on but theres also a lot of good stuff and we want to bring that to the forefront so the children can see it.

We want to show them theres more than whats out there in these streets, Taylor said. We want to give them hope, inspiration.

Operations are slow but steady in spite of COVID-19.

We got a lot of ideas for The Village that we cant do yet because of the pandemic, Taylor said. Hopefully things will turn around soon.

The Village was able to host its first event, called Steering the Wheel of Life Bike Ride, recently, which involved about 20 children and five adults biking down the trail from Fifth Street in Lumberton to Luther Britt Park. Once they reached the park, youth were provided a lunch and given educational materials.

It turned out pretty good. The kids had fun, and we had a lot of participation from kids and the adults, Cooper said. Adults just showed up to help out.

For updates or more information about The Village or events, visits the groups Facebook page The Village, or send an email to thevillagelumberton@gmail.com. Applications will be available soon for people who want to volunteer.

We welcome everyone, so come and be a part of this, Taylor said. I see it growing into something really, really big.

Read more here:
Girl Scouts introduces 24 badges - The Robesonian

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

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By C. Moon Reed (contact)

Saturday, July 25, 2020 | 2 a.m.

Skin. Its our bodys biggest organ. Our protective envelope exists to keep the outside world out and the inside in. And yet its easy to ignore, up until the moment something goes wrong. Whats that weird rash? Who knows? Sure, you can use a phone filter to make your skin look great, but its better to address the problem and enjoy clear skin.

Weve rounded up info on some of the most common skin conditions that affect mankind, but this shouldnt replace professional medical advice. If you think something looks wrong, please consult a doctor.

Prevention is the best cure, so follow these simple steps to keep your skin healthy and happy.

Wash your hands.

Practice good hygiene.

Manage stress.

Eat a healthy diet.

Sleep enough.

Moisturize to prevent dry, cracked skin.

Dont share personal items like towels, razors and nail clippers.

Avoid touching your face.

Dont pick at, shave over, pop or scratch irritated skin, no matter how tempting.

Dont touch other peoples skin lesions.

Cover skin wounds, warts, etc. to speed healing and prevent cross-contamination.

Wear flip-flops around swimming pools and public showers.

Protect yourself from sun damage.

ACNE

Its the bane of pubescence. But pimples can linger beyond the teenage years.

Who: Everybody. Its the most common skin issue in the United States.

Cause: Pores clogged by dead skin cells get infected by a common skin bacteria, P. acnes. Risk factors include genetics, hormones, being female.

Symptoms: From cysts to blackheads to pustules and whiteheads, these blemishes can plague the face, chest, back, arms and buttocksand lead to scarring and dark spots.

Contagious? No.

Treatment: Start with over-the-counter topical treatments and see a dermatologist for prescription treatment if your acne is severe or not responding to other efforts. Do not pop pimples; it can make them worse and cause scarring.

CONTACT DERMATITIS

A general term for the type of rash one gets when skin comes into contact with an irritant.

Who: Anybody, but allergies are a risk factor.

Cause: Seasonal allergies; allergies to cheap jewelry (generally with nickel), cosmetics, detergents, medications, tattoo pigments, etc.

Symptoms: Itching, redness, swelling.

Contagious? No.

Treatment: Remove the irritant, and avoid future contact.

DANDRUFF

A type of dermatitis (seborrheic) that mainly affects the scalp.

Who: Mostly people with genetic predispositions, immune or nutrition issues.

Cause: Genetics, environmental factors, dry skin, stress.

Symptoms:Itching, flaking, discoloration of the skin.

Contagious? No.

Treatment: Medicated dandruff shampoo; shampoo daily; eat a healthy diet; get some sun; apply tea tree oil. Seek prescription treatments if the above doesnt help.

ECZEMA

Think of this chronic skin condition like asthma of the skin. Skin can be normal, and then suffer from outbreaks, like an allergic reaction.

Who: Anybody, but those with asthma or allergies are at higher risk.

Cause: Genetics, skin irritation or damage, immune issues.

Symptoms: Dryness, redness, itching, cracking, bleeding, infection.

Contagious? No.

Treatment: Hydrocortisone, antihistamines, steroid creams, laser therapy, immunosuppressants.

KERATOSIS PILARIS

An inherited skin condition that can make the upper arms, thighs, buttocks and/or cheeks appear to have goosebumps or whiteheads.

Cause: Genetics, worsened by dry environments.

Who: More common in children and young adults and generally resolves itself with age.

Symptoms: Painless, but can cause bumps and coarse skin.

Contagious? No.

Treatment: Exfoliate and moisturize; salicylic acid, topical retinoids.

MOLES

Mostly everybody has a mole somewhere or other. Generally, these pigmented skin growths are harmless, but some can be risk factors for melanoma (skin cancer).

Who: Almost everybody.

Cause: Irregular or clumpy growth of pigmented skin cells.

Symptoms: Beware of moles that are asymmetrical, oddly shaped, multicolored, larger than a pencil eraser and/or quickly changing, as these can be signs of melanoma.

Contagious? No.

Treatment: If your moles seem irregular, see a doctor immediately. Most moles dont require treatment, but if needed, they can be surgically removed by a dermatologist. In general, its a good idea to monitor your moles over time, just to make sure they dont turn against you.

MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM

This skin disease is caused by a poxvirus that lives in the upper layer of the skin.

Who: Anybody, but people with compromised immune systems are at higher risk.

Cause: Viral infection spread via physical contact (either skin-to-skin or via shared objects, such as towels or toys).

Symptoms: Itching, redness, small bumps with a pearly appearance.

Contagious? Yes, but your body can completely clear the infection.

Treatment: The disease typically clears on its own in six months to four years. A medical professional can help remove the lesions; do not attempt on your own.

PSORIASIS

Skin generally takes weeks to grow, but with this skin condition, it grows at hyperspeed, causing significant irritation.

Who: Genetics combined with triggering events such as stress, weather and/or medication.

Cause: An overactive immune system, generally.

Symptoms: Most people develop plaque psoriasis, which consists of scaly, raised patches that can look silver. They are very itchy, but scratching makes it worse. Other types of psoriasis include rashes and irritation on different parts of the body.

Contagious? No.

Treatment: Prescription medication, including lotions, pills and injections.

ROSACEA

Santa Claus is famous for his rosy cheeks. But what you took for Christmas cheer is most likely the skin condition rosacea.

Who: Older people, mostly women, with fair skin.

Cause: Genetics, acne is a risk factor, spicy foods, stress, sunlight.

Symptoms: Redness on the cheeks and nose, enlarged blood vessels, hot skin, irritated eyes, swollen nose.

Contagious? No.

Treatment: Antibiotics, laser therapy, surgery.

WARTS

A skin growth caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV).

Who: Anybody, but nail biting, hangnails, broken skin, shaving and weakened immune systems are risk factors.

Cause: Physical contact (skin-to-skin or with a contaminated object).

Symptoms: Depending on the type of wart, the growth can appear on the hands, fingers, feet, face, genitals and, really, anywhere.

Contagious? Yes.

Treatment: Can eventually resolve on its own; over-the-counter treatments available; dermatologist can treat with excision, electrosurgery, cryotherapy and more.

This story appeared in Las VegasWeekly.

Continued here:
How to identify and treat strange things that might be happening on your skin - Las Vegas Sun

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Brett Kavanaugh invoked it. Mitch McConnell used it too. Matt Damon and Ben Affleck have each talked about it, and this week, Representative Ted Yoho joined their ranks: he, too, is now a member of the having-a-daughter-makes-me-an-ally-to-women or at the very least, should-excuse-my-bad-behavior club.

Having been married for 45 years with two daughters, Im very cognizant of language, Representative Yoho said in a speech on the House floor this week, denying that he called Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, the freshman Congresswoman from New York, a fucking bitch after a confrontation on the steps of the Capitol.

Mr. Yoho later expressed regret for the abrupt manner of the conversation, in which he told Ms. Ocasio-Cortez that her statements about poverty and crime in New York City were disgusting. But, he noted, I cannot apologize for my passion or for loving my God, my family and my country.

On Thursday, in a speech on the House floor that has since gone viral in which she read the vulgarity into the Congressional record Ms. Ocasio-Cortez said, I am someones daughter too. She said shed planned to ignore the insults its just another day as a woman, she said but changed her mind after Mr. Yoho decided to bring his wife and daughters into the fray.

Our culture is full of platitudes about fathers and daughters: the Hallmark card, the weeping dad at the wedding. But invoking daughters and wives to deflect criticism is a particular kind of political trope and one thats been used throughout history to excuse a host of bad behavior, said the historian Barbara Berg.

The love a man has for the female members of his family, particularly his offspring, is presumed to have special power to humanize the other half of the population, to allow him to imagine the world his daughter will inhabit. Sometimes, in fact, this happens. Other times, the Daughter Excuse comes across mostly as cynical ploy.

As if familial affiliation alone equals enlightened attitudes towards women, said Susan Douglas, a professor of communication and media at the University of Michigan. Its like claiming I have a Black friend as if that makes you anti-racist.

There is social science thats shown there is something to being the father of a daughter.

In a study called The First-Daughter Effect, Elizabeth Sharrow, an associate professor of public policy and history at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and her colleagues, determined that fathering daughters and firstborn daughters, in particular indeed played a role in making mens attitudes toward gender equality more progressive, particularly when it came to policies like equal pay or sexual harassment protocols. The researchers also determined that those dads of firstborn daughters were, in 2016, more likely to support Hillary Clinton or a fictional female congressional candidate delivering a similar pitch.

Our argument is not that it is genetics or biology, but that it is proximity, said Dr. Sharrow. In other words: The daughters help the fathers see the problems they may have previously dismissed.

Witness basketball star Stephen Curry, who has written about how the idea of womens equality has become a little more personal for me, lately, and a little more real, since having a daughter.

Or Dick Cheney, whose views on same-sex marriage shifted earlier than many might have expected because of his daughter, who is gay.

And yet.

Daughters influencing fathers views for the better is far different from fathers using their daughters as shields and excuses for poor behavior, as Ms. Ocasio-Cortez described Mr. Yoho in her speech.

Its also different from fathers using them as props, as Dr. Berg puts it, to emphasize their alignment with womens causes or, by contrast, their disgust over behaviors perceived to be in opposition to them.

Consider Justice Kavanaugh, who during his testimony before the Senate Judiciary Committee about allegations of sexual assault by Christine Blasey Ford spoke repeatedly of his daughters (as well as his wife and mother) and noted that coaching his daughters basketball team was what he loved more than anything Ive ever done in my whole life as if loving coaching and allegedly treating women badly as a teenager are mutually exclusive.

Men have often pointed to their relationships with and love for some women especially wives and daughters to combat claims that they have mistreated other women, said Kelly Dittmar, a scholar at the Center for American Women and Politics at Rutgers University. We have seen this both inside and outside of politics, especially when men are subject to accusations of sexual harassment and assault.

In the wake of the 2016 reports on comments made by Donald Trump on the now-infamous Access Hollywood tape, a host of fathers-of-daughters came out to condemn the behavior. Mr. McConnell noted that as the father of three daughters he believed that Mr. Trump needs to apologize directly to women and girls everywhere, while Mitt Romney said that the comments demean our wives and daughters. (It is perhaps worth noting that Mr. Trump, too, has daughters.)

Similarly, in response to revelations of sexual misconduct by Harvey Weinstein, both Ben Affleck and Matt Damon, who had worked with the disgraced Hollywood producer, expressed their disgust on behalf of their female offspring. We need to do better at protecting our friends, sisters, co-workers and daughters, Mr. Affleck said on Twitter, while Mr. Damon explained that as the father of four daughters, this is the kind of sexual predation that keeps me up at night.

Women, too, have at times invoked mens daughters and other female relatives in trying to appeal to some men. When asked about Mr. Yohos behavior, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said: Whats so funny is, youd say to them, Do you not have a daughter? Do you not have a mother? Do you not have a sister? Do you not have a wife? What makes you think that you can be so and this is the word I use for them condescending, in addition to being disrespectful?

The caveat, of course, is the qualification. Qualifying your outrage against misogyny as due to your role as a father or husband implies that, absent those roles, you would be either unaware of or unconcerned, said Dr. Dittmar.

Or as Ms. Ocasio-Cortez put it: Having a daughter does not make a man decent. Having a wife does not make a decent man. Treating people with dignity and respect makes a decent man. Why should daughters still have to be a prerequisite to respect?

Jessica Bennett is a Times editor at large covering gender and culture. She is the author of Feminist Fight Club and This Is 18.

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. Wed like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips. And heres our email: letters@nytimes.com.

Follow The New York Times Opinion section on Facebook, Twitter (@NYTopinion) and Instagram.

See the article here:
A.O.C. and the Daughter Defense - The New York Times

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

For most people, hair is not just about keeping their head warm and for protection from the sun; it is a mark of youth, vitality and how we present to the world.

Losing hair at any age can be very confronting, and for many women it can be hard to simply shave it off and embrace the bald look.

Dermatologist Clare Tait told Jessica Strutt on ABC Radio Perth that she has been seeing many female patients seeking hair loss treatment.

"Our appearance, and how we present to our family and our friends in the community, is very important and the head of hair is one of the most visible aspects," she said.

"Ever since I've been a dermatologist there's been a constant demand for women seeking help for hair loss."

Dr Tait said more women than ever have been seeking treatment when they noticed they were losing their hair, but that may be because they are increasingly aware that help is available.

"I think it is partly an awareness that that there are things that we can do, and that it is a very legitimate concern," she said.

"I think it's also that there is a greater emphasis in our society today on how we look and how we appear youthfulness is highly prized and a youthful look is often equated with a full head of hair."

While a person's appearance may be seen as a trivial concern, or the domain of late-night TV ads, Dr Tait said no one should feel uncomfortable about seeking medical treatment for hair loss.

"I think that it's quite common and that sometimes people are embarrassed and almost feel ashamed to be seeking help for something that they perceive is a cosmetic issue only," she said.

"If it's causing anxiety, if you feel it impacting on your quality of life, then that is the time to seek help."

Androgenic alopecia, often better known as male or female pattern hair loss, is fairly common, Dr Tait said.

"It is an interesting condition because it's almost statistically normal for women to develop this condition, particularly after the menopause, with a generalised thinning of hair and sometimes some increased shedding as well," she said.

"Probably about 40 to 45 per cent of women by the age of 50 are noticing some thinning."

Many people believe stress is the cause, but Dr Tait says that while stress can exacerbate female pattern hair loss it is unlikely to be the root cause.

Female listeners anonymously texted their hair loss stories to ABC Radio Perth:

"I'm 46 and lost all my hair to alopecia 5 years ago. I feel like I have a handle on wigs, though they'll always be a pain to wear. I really miss being able to tie my hair out of the way in a ponytail. What I really struggle with is doing make up without eyelashes I feel like I have no idea what I'm doing."

"My hair fell out at menopause. My hair was thick so my doctor didn't take me seriously. I started keeping the fallen hair in a bag and presented it to the doctor he finally took me seriously. Hair loss is cyclical; [it] happens every eight years or so. [My] last fall [was] about a year ago another bag of hair. It never quite grows back as thick."

"I am female in my 60s and have long, thick hair; [it's] always thick and shiny. Eighteen months ago it started falling out more than normal. Testing revealed severely low iron levels. Two infusions of iron, along with [the] removal of all caffeine from [my] diet, [and] six months later it [my hair] was back to normal."

While many women may lose hair due to their genetics, an iron-related condition called telogen effluvium can also be a commonplace cause.

"It is absolutely correct that iron deficiency is one of the commonest causes of this condition," Dr Tait said.

"I would routinely test iron levels as well as a number of other things to make sure there's nothing that's easily reversible and that will help the hair grow back."

In cases where it's not just hair but eyebrows and eyelashes that are falling out, Dr Tait said it was more likely a condition called alopecia areata.

"That's a completely different condition that requires different treatment," she said.

Dr Tait said it was not uncommon for patients to stop washing their hair as they attributed the washing to their hair loss.

"A lot of people that I see who are losing their hair to tell me that they have stopped washing it, or wash it much less frequently, because they're concerned that washing their hair makes it fall out more," she said.

"When we wash our hair we do lose more hair on that day but overall it balances itself out.

"I can reassure people; how often you wash your hair will not have any long-term effect on how quickly you're thinning or how much hair you're losing."

When you get older your hair and nails change. Will diet or supplements make a difference?

Dr Tait said the same was true for using hair dryers, hair straighteners and dying hair.

"If you're over-drying hair you may find that the shaft becomes more brittle," she said.

"It may break off more easily but neither of those things will stop the hair growing.

"Providing you're not having any reaction from your hair dye, and you're not getting an itchy, irritable scalp, it's perfectly safe to dye your hair with these conditions."

Dr Tait said she hoped more women would realise that it was possible to seek treatment if their hair loss was bothering them.

"I think that's really very appropriate that people do come and ask what can be done about it and let us know how it's distressing them."

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Female hair loss common and women shouldn't be embarrassed to seek treatment, dermatologist says - ABC News

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Even before the coronavirus pandemic, there were vast inequalities between men and women in the world of work. Despite chipping away at the glass ceiling over recent decades, in 2020 the gender pay gap still remains stubbornly high, while more men called Steve and Dave run FTSE 100 companies than women.

Four months from the launch of lockdown, and as Britain slips into the deepest recession for three centuries, it is increasingly clear the economic fallout from the pandemic is having a disproportionate impact on women.

Decades of progress although very much incomplete risk being unwound, in a crisis that has shone a light on a myriad of social and economic issues. Earlier this week the International Monetary Fund warned that if left unchecked, 30 years of gains for womens economic opportunities could be erased, and called for governments around the world to take immediate action to prevent longer-term damage.

Working mothers in particular are bearing the brunt. Centuries of structural social convention have ensured the tasks of childcare and homeschooling are more likely to fall on their shoulders, while the demographics of employment in the worst hit sectors of the economy such as hospitality and retail mean women are more likely to lose their jobs.

Given the scale of the economic shock, the governments economics forecaster, the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR), estimates that unemployment for both men and women will more than double by the end of this year to the highest levels since the 1980s.

The government is, however, preparing to scale back its emergency response to the economic shock from next month, as Boris Johnson attempts to secure a return to normality in time for Christmas, despite warnings over a second wave of Covid-19 infections and more job losses this winter.

To kickstart the recovery, billions of pounds in tax cuts and spending measures have been promised by the chancellor, Rishi Sunak. But experts say much of the money will miss the mark. The Womens Budget Group argues much more investment in social infrastructure including childcare and social care is also required to stimulate growth.

Since the onset of the pandemic, as many as 9.5m jobs at 1.2m companies have been furloughed on the Treasurys furlough scheme, which pays 80% of workers wages, up to 2,500 per month. A further 2.7 million claims have been made by the self-employed. Both schemes will, however, be closed by the end of October, with at least 10% of furloughed jobs expected to be made redundant.

Official figures show men are more likely to be furloughed, in part because women have typically continued working through the crisis in education, health and social care jobs sectors where they are over represented. The TUC estimates that out of 9.8 million key workers putting their health at risk on the frontline, nearly two-thirds are women. However, as many as 2.6 million female key workers earn less than 10 an hour.

Before Covid-19, there were signs of progress towards a more balanced, modern workplace as the number of women in work surged to a record high, including record numbers of working mothers. Despite this, official figures show men still earn 17.8% more than women on average across the whole economy. The Fawcett Society estimates it would take 60 years to eradicate the gender pay gap on pre-crisis trends. But given the scale of the economic shock for women currently unfolding, it expects parity to be delayed by three decades until the year 2110.

As unemployment begins to rise, experts warn job losses are likely to be disproportionately felt by women, given their prominence in sectors hardest hit by the crisis such as hospitality, leisure and retail. Globally, the International Labour Organization estimates that almost 510 million, or 40% of all employed women, work in the four most affected sectors, compared to 36.6% of men.

In Britain, young women in particular are overrepresented in these sectors: 36% compared with 25% of young men. Overall, 17% of women compared with 13% of men work in hospitality, leisure and retail, at a time when barely a week goes by without a big high street name announcing redundancies.

Combining these workforce demographics with longstanding social norms, experts believe mothers are one-and-a-half times more likely than fathers to have either lost their job or quit since lockdown began.

Working mothers in traditional nuclear families have taken up a greater share of domestic work and childcare in the hours usually occupied by employment. What with juggling Zoom meetings, home-schooling and lunch times, mothers in two-parent households have been doing a third of the uninterrupted paid-work of fathers on average, according to the Institute of Fiscal Studies. Mothers are doing two fewer hours of paid work each day than fathers, but two more hours of childcare and housework.

The closure of schools and nurseries further exacerbated the unequal distribution of unpaid care work before the pandemic. But experts warn these trends will persist when offices begin to reopen from 1 August, worsened by the anticipated closure of 10,000 childcare providers crushed by the coronavirus crisis.

This will inevitably create a two-tier recovery with men getting back in to the labour market at a faster rate than women, said Mary-Ann Stephenson, director of Womens Budget Group. If the government is committed to getting the workforce up and running, then care and women must be at the centre of any economic recovery plan.

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Economic fallout from pandemic will hit women hardest - The Guardian

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Suresh Naidu: Okay. Ill get us started. Thanks everyone for showing up. Thanks a lot to our panelists for agreeing to do this. Just as a few words of background, my name is Suresh Naidu, the co-organizer of Economist for Inclusive Prosperity, which is a project Gabriel Zucman and Dani Rodrik and I started kind of trying to explore what economics looks like after neo-liberalism and what kind of a more inclusive, more egalitarian kind of economics looks like.

And this is kind of our attempt to sort of help economics grapple with its current moment by acknowledging that economics doesnt necessarily already have all the answers and doesnt already have the necessary conceptual toolkit. So, theres lots to say about this, and lots of people here that have thought about it more than me, and so Im just going to hand it off to someone whos thought about it a lot, Sandy Darity, who is going to be moderating the panel. So, take it away, Sandy.

Sandy Darity: Thank you, and thank you to you Suresh and to Dani for organizing this event. I think its very, very important for us as economists to learn from the other disciplines. Weve had an imperializing tendency towards the other disciplines, and in the process I think we have failed to really recognize many of the important contributions that have been delivered from other disciplines using their perspective rather than the perspective that we normally bring to these issues.

In particular, Im struck by the fact that an important tool that Ive used in much of my research, the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition, really I believe was preceded by the Blau and Duncan decomposition in sociology, but I think frequently we have not been aware of that.

And similarly, when we talk about unobserved heterogeneity, it sometimes becomes a blockade for really understanding the phenomenon of discrimination. Or when we talk about the identification problem, it constitutes a blockade to thinking about some factors as being fundamental causes of phenomena rather than interactive causes of phenomena.

So, as a consequence, I think its really going to be valuable for us to hear from the scholars who are going to join us today. We have four speakers after they make their respective presentations, we will take questions from the floor, so to speak, and have an opportunity for the speakers to respond to those questions as well as engage with one another.

And our first speaker is going to be Daina Ramey Berry, who is the Oliver H. Radkey Regents Professor of History at the University of Texas at Austin. Her superb book The Price for Their Pound of Flesh, recovers the humanity or persons, Black persons specifically, whose lives were comprehensively commodified.

There are two additional dimensions of her book that I think merit deep attention. First, the extended commodification of Black bodies after life ends into death; and second, the significance of the effects of markets, markets in human beings on U.S. economic development. Her most recent book is A Black Womens History of the United States, co-authored with Kali Nicole Gross.

And Im hopeful, time permitting, that shell have an opportunity to tell us what we can learn from that book also. Our second speaker is Arjumand Siddiqi, who is an epidemiologist at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto. She is also the Canada Research Chair in Population Health Equity.

She has had brilliant insights about differences in social and policy structures across countries and how they affect not only health outcomes for the general population, but also the health disparities between ethnic and racial groups within those populations.

She also has recently published a critique of Case and Deatons perspective on deaths of despair, and in the interest of full disclosure, Im actually a co-author on that article. But she has a strong commitment to understanding the full play of what public health scholars refer to as the social determinants of health in contrast with genetic or behavioral or cultural factors.

Our third speaker is going to be Mario Luis Small, who is a deeply accomplished sociologist, urban sociologist at the interface between thinking about neighborhoods and communities as well as social networks. He is the Grafstein Family Professor of Sociology at Harvard.

And one of the things thats particularly impressive about his research productivity is that two of his books Villa Victoria and Unanticipated Gains both have received the C. Wright Mills Award. I think recently in some of his work, hes been most notably engaged in a nuanced reintroduction of cultural considerations in the analysis of race and sociology.

And then our final speaker is Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, one of my colleagues at Duke, also a deeply accomplished sociologist. Remarkably, he has recently served as president of the American Sociological Association and the Southern Sociological Society simultaneously. I think thats unprecedented.

He is the author of Racism Without Racists, among a number of books, but I want to mention Racism Without Racists because its now in its fourth edition. And it explores the difference between peoples attitudes about race thats expressed in short answer surveys versus in-depth interviews.

And what he demonstrates in that book is that if you rely upon short answer surveys to try to gauge variations in peoples attitudes on questions concerning race, youre going to miss the boat because theyre self-censored increasingly. And so, what you really want to do is engage them in long-term interviews, and in that environment you get much better information about what their beliefs really are. So, may we start. Daina Berry, please.

Daina Ramey Berry: All right, thank you so much for having me. Im going to start off my brief remarks to just talk a little bit about what the work looks like from an historians perspective. And as Dr. Darity said, my research is on enslaved people. And I was an economics major during undergrad, I dont know if Dr. Darity knew that, but I was a major in economics until my last year in undergrad, and I took an African American history class and decided thats what I wanted to change and do my work on.

But Ive always wanted to try to find a way to blend the work that I had done as an undergrad in economics. So, when I started doing this work on The Price for Their Pound of Flesh, my goal, maybe it was naive, but my goal was to allow the economists that are doing work on slavery, very big work on slavery, to have a more cohesive conversation with historians.

And one of the things that I was trying to do initially is I was trying to walk in the space that I thought economists do, and I was trying to find out whether or not I could show statistical significance in my findings. And as I was doing that and trying to search for that in the ways I was looking at how enslaved people are priced from the beginning, before theyre even conceived.

So, enslaved mothers were looked at for the fecundity to see what their value of their future laborers would cost, to see whether or not if they had given birth to children, did those children survive to age 5? Were they healthy? And if so, that particular woman received a higher valuation during pregnancy than other women. And so, I was doing research on that and trying to look at ways to bridge this gap between the two fields, and to make sure that my argument would be palatable in both spaces.

And what I learned in the process was that enslaved people spoke very loudly to me when I was looking at these records, and I was using datasets that Stanley Engerman and Robert Fogel created. Id also created my own dataset. Ive been doing research in Southern archives for about seven or eight years, and had this large data set of about 80,000 individuals enslaved peoples values, their prices, their monetary values and their appraised values.

But I realized as I was doing this work that enslaved people themselves had so much more to say about valuation and the values on their bodies. And that was really interesting to me, and I thought, Okay. Well, if I write this book that talks about it from the perspective, enslaved people participating in their thoughts about the value of their bodies, how will that change the way we talk about this in both economic and historical circles?

So, I dont know how its fully been received in economic circles. I have a very good economic historian friend who said to me, That is not the book I would have wrote, when I finished it, because theres a lot of testimony, theres a lot of stories of enslaved people saying, Oh, Im not worth $500, Im worth $200, or, Im not 40 years old, Im 20 years old.

So, this is an economic product thats put in a market space that has the ability to argue, to emote, to reject, to resist, and that is a very, very different product. And one of the things that Ive found, its a human product, right?

And when I was doing the research for the book, I saw that the work that Ive used from a number of economic historians did not acknowledge at all the humanity of enslaved people, and I thought, even if youre not writing about them as human beings, but youre putting them in formulas and they now become a person named John, now becomes an X with an exponential power and theres a formula to figure out how much that particular woman is worth or that particular man is worth, it doesnt take much.

And I think youll have more historians engaging this work if you acknowledge that this was a family, and this person lived on this particular plantation, and they were worth this much, and this is what they felt about their documentation or how they responded to that particular moment of sale. And that was really what the book, the purpose of the book for me. But what I found later, and I think Dr. Darity mentioned this, was that the valuation of enslaved bodies went beyond preconception, but also to the postmortem space.

And that there was an illegal trade in cadavers of enslaved people and whites and free Blacks, but I was mostly interested in the enslaved cadavers their bodies were sold to medical schools, and so they still made money off of their bodies after they had passed away. Some of them the values were much lower, anywhere from $5 to $30.

So, the market rate wasnt as much, theyre valued more when theyre living because theyre producing more, right? Theyre producing more and bringing more financial resources to the families that theyre enslaved by, but in the afterworld, Okay, Im going to dispose of this body. If I can make some money off of the disposal, Ill make $30, and thats it.

There were some cases where enslaved people were valued at the moment right before they were hanged, and then the surviving relatives of the plantar family or the enslavers would receive compensation for the valuation of that enslaved person. So, theres a lot of spaces where we talk about slavery and enslaved people, and we talk about them in monetary ways, but the humanity is often missing and theyre objectified theyre treated like a backpack or a book on a shelf.

And I just feel like if economists and historians can come together and have conversations about the deep meanings that you guys find when you create formulas, you can take us to places that we cant go, but we can also bring you to records that might inform what youre seeing and how you analyze this work and make it for a much deeper conversation.

So, I will leave it at that. I dont know if Ive done my five minutes, Im trying to stay on it. If I have a little more time, I could say a few more things. Im good? All right, thank you. Im looking forward to the conversation.

Sandy Darity: Thank you. Arjumand, youre on mute. Okay, youre off now.

Arjumand Siddiqi: Great. Thanks everyone. I feel like I should put out a disclaimer that says some of my best friends are economists before I start my talk. So, as Sandy mentioned, Im a social epidemiologist, and our discipline is really quite related to medicine and to the study of distributions of disease from a sort of clinical perspective.

And so, as social epidemiology kind of evolved, we were starting to find our empirical legs around how to use population surveys and different kinds of data than the clinical data our discipline tends to use, how to use different statistical methods.

And in the early 2000s when I was doing my Ph.D., I remember sort of looking enviously from Boston over to Cambridge at the economics department because it was considered so rigorous of all the disciplines related to our field.

And then, I had this moment of pretty big dissonance when in the mid 2000s, I encountered a paper by three economists whose main argument was that Black/white differences in hypertension could be attributed to genetic selection for genes associated with salt retention.

And the narrative was that this genetic selection occurred during this transatlantic slave because of the survival advantage conferred by salt retention, and that it occurred during cheap-looking tests for salty skin done by slave traders to further determine what Blacks would be able to the demands of plantation work.

And this economist team also suggested that this salt retention hypothesis was really the best way to explain the Black/white life-expectancy gap as well. Its been a lot of years, and I actually had trouble finding the paper online now, but I just remember thinking that the evolutionary geneticists just probably were passing out at the notion that genetic selection would occur at that pace.

Something that occurs over thousands of years was essentially being proposed to happen over one or 200. The human genome scientist who had carefully explained to us by then that race was not a genetic construct, there was no genetic basis for race, and just thinking to myself, Surely, there is a geneticist amongst the authors, or, Surely, some of the genetics work on race has been cited, and it hadnt, and it was just really difficult to understand how a hypothesis that had no premise could receive so much traction.

The paper also was a little bit alarming because it hadnt cited any of the work from social epidemiology on racial inequalities in hypertension. And Im not just sort of suggesting that my field is the field that should be cited, but we really are the central field on racial health inequalities. And there are people who have specialized their whole careers on racial disparities and hypertension, none of them were cited.

And if they had been, you might find a very different story about Black/white differences in hypertension and in life expectancy. So the body of literature in our field thats been built up is both based on what we know race is not, as well as what we know race is. And the idea is that weve built up sort of a conceptual and theoretical basis, but also a lot of empirical tests of the propositions that have been made.

And what the field has found is that racial inequalities in health manifest through processes of structural or institutional racism, as well as what is often called everyday discrimination. So Black people are systematically denied access to material resources and are subjected to chronically stressful experiences of daily life, and those things together put them at a higher risk of a wide range of illnesses and death.

So, social epidemiologists would and have told a very different story about Black/white inequalities and hypertension and life expectancy. Lately, my colleagues and I have been working on the noted rise in white mortality in the U.S., whats been called the deaths of despair phenomenon, the paper that Sandy mentioned earlier. There are a lot of teams working on this, including economists Anne Case and Angus Deaton, and youd better believe we take their work very seriously.

We have carefully looked at their hypotheses, we have carefully cited them and so on. And in some ways I think I live in fear of making facile arguments simply because Ive been both careless or dismissive of work from other disciplines. And Im increasingly of the mind that maybe this fear is a good way to approach scientific inquiry, and Im increasingly weary when I read work that sort of doesnt cite anyone else outside their own discipline, especially when its topics that are not central to their discipline and their expertise.

So, back to that deaths of despair work. So, in that piece we propose that status threat, group status threat, the sense from whites that they are losing relative status compared to Black and brown people is accounting for the rise in white mortality. And we use, in this paper, both theoretical and empirical findings from social psychology and from political science to suggest that at the population level we can actually measure, or proxy status threat by measuring the rise in the vote share going to Republicans in any given county.

So, our model essentially tested whether rise in Republican vote share at the county level as a proxy of status threat could predict the rise in white mortality accounting for about 17 social and economic indicators, fixed effects and so on that might also be involved in the processes. So, we received quite a bit of pushback on this paper in two ways, and the first was that it was just a bridge too far to equate Republican vote share with status threat.

And the other was that because of our statistical model again, 18 variables, county time, et cetera, fixed effects because the model did not account for unobserved confounding, that we couldnt interpret the association as being causal.

So, the fundamental problem I see with this argument is not that it suggests there might be an alternative explanation, I totally concur that there might be, but its the idea that an unknown alternative explanation that no one is proposing, its just the idea that there might be an alternative explanation is given equal weight to a model that tests basically everything we know about how the world works. And so, I worry a lot that this notion of unobserved confounding is actually overtaking or being weighted equally with the preponderance of evidence that we have, and Im not sure that thats a great way to go.

You also see it, as Sandy mentioned, in models where there are residuals and accounting for race-based differences and the implication given the preponderance of the evidence would be that these are discrimination effects. And yet, theres a reticence to think about that or at least to weight it equally with the idea that theres some unobserved confounding, theres this sort of unobserved confounding boogeyman out there that we think live by too closely.

A final anecdote about our field, and I think what it says about economics. So, I had a graduate student who wanted to work on racial differences in the distribution of birth weight. And in fact, she wanted to look at whether Canada and the U.S. have different inequalities in the distribution of birth weight. And the idea was that if we compare countries in their inequalities, we might start to point to some of the societal factors that are modifying inequalities, that are mitigating them or exacerbating them.

And I spoke to an economist colleague of mine, whos a lovely person, and he said, Im a little worried that were not going to get very far in terms of a causal association if we pursue this line of questioning, that youll really only be able to say associational things. Why dont we look at how prenatal care affects racial inequalities in birth weight? Which is a fine question, Im not disparaging the role of prenatal care. But imagine the difference in the size of the question and the focus of the question between something that talks about how societies produce, fundamentally produce, inequalities down to something that deals with a fairly circumscribed issue.

And so, my worry is that this chase after causal inference precludes us from looking at a lot of really important questions. Im not suggesting we go down the road of looking at those questions and imply causality when it isnt there, but I do think that we can pursue those questions and say something about what the causal inference issues are and how to push ourselves, but not to completely ignore what I think are really, really important questions for society. And Ill leave it there.

Sandy Darity: Thank you. Mario, please.

Mario Luis Small: Thank you very much. This has been very interesting so far. So, Ill tell you that the main reason that Im here is probably because a couple of months ago I published a paper along with Devah Pager and the Journal of Economic Perspectives titled Sociological Perspectives on Race Discrimination, and the point of the paper was to make a case for six ideas in our field, sociology, that economists havent, but probably should, take seriously. So, what Im going to do is give you three of these ideas and then after of course the last talk just open it up.

So, everybody here knows better than I do that traditionally economics, kind of two standard models are the taste discrimination and the statistical discrimination model when people study race discrimination, and I dont have to tell you what those models are. But one thing I will say is that from our perspective, there are a couple of quite important problems with those models.

And I guess you could sum them up with the idea that a model or a set of models that studies discrimination by focusing on the potentially racially motivated actions of an actor making decisions today, will probably understate a lot of the ways discrimination actually happens and has consequences for even the things that economists care about.

And this is the case for at least three reasons, the first Ill say is that it ignores the possibility of institutional discrimination. And Im going to use that term in a very narrow sense to refer to differential treatment by race that is either perpetrated by an organization or qualified into law.

And I am not using the term structural racism or institutional racism, or a lot of stuff that other sociologists have used and a lot of people in the media have used because theres sort of ambiguity in some of these uses of the terms, and they dont always mean what we were meaning, what were referring to, but just very narrow the idea that differential treatment by race can be perpetrated by the organizations recorded according to law.

And so, to give you a very simple example, sort of take an organization in which nobody, as Becker would say, nobody wants to pay a price to not associate with people of a different race, so nobody has a taste for discrimination. And in addition, nobody is willing to make statistical inferences about the behavior or likely performance of an employee on the basis of the employees group, so nobody statistically discriminates.

Now, lets assume that that firm, as many do, hires new employees on the basis of referrals, that they have an incentive system. For example, depending on the level at which youre hired, for entry-level employees, youll get a hundred if you refer somebody and they get hired. Now, lets assume we also know sociologists have shown that theres racial homophily.

I think in economics, this is called a sort of mating-by-race and friendship formation, but basically the idea that people tend to have friends of the same race. Now, if this firm is racially homogeneous, whats going to happen is all of the people who come in applying for jobs are going to be other people of the same race because of the pattern in the world, and we could see the strong incentives made for people to be hired on the basis of the people you already have.

In this model, no employer has to have a taste for discrimination or to discriminate, and yet a highly qualified person of a different race from outside the firm is going to have a very small chance of getting a job there. Thats a form of discrimination that we believe deserves attention.

The second point Ill make is that, again, the reason its a bad idea to just focus, or yeah, just a bad idea to only limit the story of discrimination to only the actions of our contemporary actor is that a lot of forms of historical discrimination, particularly forms that have been codified into law or become institutional parts of how organizations operate, continue to have effects today.

And therefore, even if today everybody stopped being discriminatory either by race or statistically or whatever the case may be, wed still have a lot of reason to study historic discrimination to understand the present. I wont go too much into this other than to say that a very clear example of this is redlining that many of you are familiar with. There have really been quite a few papers, including a couple by economists in recent years, showing that redlining practices back in the 30s can be shown to have likely had a causal impact on long-term homeownership rates among African Americans and segregation detectable even today.

And so, there have been papers that, for example, have looked at the boundary line for redlining and units on either side of it, theyve looked at federal policies that had cutoffs for the size of the town and looked at towns slightly older and slightly bigger and smaller than that through multiple indication strategies, such as quite a bit of evidence that it matters.

The last point Ill make is that, again, a different reason to not limit the study of the discrimination to sort of statistical and taste-based discrimination is that perception of discrimination matters, a lot. And what Ill say when Im saying this is that I am not saying that perception is an effective substitute for actual discrimination, and Im also not saying that we should not continue having a healthy skepticism for what people say over what they do, but what I am saying is that there are many contexts in which the perception that an employer or a doctor or take your pick, has or will or has had discriminated, this can affect your behavior in ways that matter for where you apply for jobs, how far you go in school and sort of what your health outcomes are, that we can not capture, again, by focusing on the employer or the banker as a prototypical racial or potentially racially motivated actor.

So, Ill just leave it at that. And Ill say, if youre interested in more of this, Ill refer you to the JEP Paper. But the bottom line is I appreciate, actually, I find quite interesting a lot of what economists have done in this. I think the issue is expanding beyond whats been done as opposed to remaining tied to these two very traditional ways of looking at discrimination. Thank you.

Eduardo Bonilla-Silva: Okay, its my turn. So, economists begin with this notion of the free market invisible hand, and we need to be clear that the hand has a color its a white hand, let me say white male hand. I will not address the gender components of the market, Ill leave that to others, so I will only talk about the racialized aspects of the market. Yeah?

And like Daina, I also will say that I was a major in sociology and economics, and that was the main thing I ended up choosing sociology, in part because of the foundation of economics is assumptions about the rational actor making decisions on a cost benefit basis in something called efficient market. And we all know that the homo sapiens theyre a complex animal shaped by multiple social forces and group divisions.

I do believe, I mean that my masters and my old magazine remains with me, so economic factors account for a lot of what happens in life, but cannot explain everything because the material component of life cannot be defined in these narrow economics way in which many of you sort of structure your analysis. So, the white homo economicus, for example, as we have learned, cares about access to parks, control of neighborhoods and schools, and their culture.

They are willing to fight tooth and nail to keep certain status in place. They like to feel good about themselves because Blacks, as Mara will argue a long time ago, have served as the symbolic index for whites, they can always say, At least I am not Black. And that element of feeling good about yourself is important in life. So, whites are so invested in whiteness that many are willing to die for it as Jonathan Metzl outlined in his recent book.

So, this is the stuff of history. Yeah? We have modernity, and modernity was not just driven by capitalism because in capitalism, as Eric Williams, Cedric Robinson and many others have argued, you cannot undo the connection between slavery, genocide, land theft and the economic model production.

In the case of the U.S., we had slavery, we had genocide, we had land theft, we had and we still have colonialism. As a Puerto Rican, I know that this person doesnt represent my interests, and two days ago we learned he was wondering about selling Puerto Rico. And of course, workers of color have allowed capitalism or capitalist to extract separate super profits from us.

So, that means that the society structure and culture were racialized on the get go, and I suggest not only produce systemic racism, but that system remains. So what is systemic racism? It used to be so easy: Its the bad guys. Its the new bad guys, its the rotten apple theory of life. This people having a taste for discrimination.

The trick is understanding that systemic racism ultimately cannot exist without the actions and inactions of the green apples, that is most whites participate consciously or unconsciously in the systemic racism stuff. And lately, literally two months ago, everybody seems to be talking about systemic racism, but I think most folks talking about it dont know what theyre talking about.

So, for example they say, Police departments have systemic racism, I mean, merely with the caveat, but most police officers are not racist, therefore reversing or reverting to the theory of life of the bad apples. In truth, the way that we select officers, the training, the culture, all these things shape the actions and beliefs of the officer.

So, even the good ones, and I put that in quotation marks, carry out race-based policing. And I wanted to give you a liminal example. So, this is a young African American college student who was brutalized in Atlanta recently by six police officers, and you can see only one of the officers was white.

So some of you may be thinking, But can Black people enforce white supremacy? And since slavery, many Blacks have been selected to participate in the enforcement of white supremacy. And although, historically, the main people in charge of enforcing boundaries happen to wear the white uniform, and not only white police officers, but regular white folks, in truth, thats the way that the system works.

And thankfully, because we humans, our subjectivity is shaped by multiple factors, there is always a space, a possibility for change. So, what we need is a historically specific view of racism that allows us to also understand that the systems share basic features. Whether theyre wearing Panama, Puerto Rico, Haiti, or the U.S., all the systems share basic features.

But we need to be specific about how racism is structured in a particular society. In a society, you can have regional variations, if you think about the U.S., the South, North, West, and we need to be also time specific. Dont assume that there is one racism throughout history racism can change.

The rules and regulations of the slavery regime were different than Jim Crow, and they are different from what we have today that Ive called in my work, the new racism. Secondly, the systemic racism forms a structure. Systemic, collective practice, behaviors and culture that reproduce disadvantage for some and advantages for others.

And here comes the hardest part, which is understanding that this system, as material foundation, it remains in place like capitalism, patriarchy, because systemic racism, because folks benefit from it. Again, I already showed or suggested that there are fractures in the white communities of possibilities for change, but we need to understand the big implication which is that racial domination depends on nice, good white people who participate in various ways and to different degrees in maintaining the racial order of things.

Borrowing the work from Marx and Poulantzas, the whites are personifications of systemic racism. So, they receive mostly in passive or neutral ways what David Roediger called the wages of whiteness. They follow the dominant racial script. So, contemporary whites, they live in white neighborhoods, they have only white friends, white schools, white ideas, white everything. Yeah? They even eat white bread. Thats a joke.

And lastly, they keep trucking along as if racism was a prerogative of the races. They input signs in their yard saying, We believe black lives matter, but we live in a totally segregated neighborhood. So, final out words. If racism is systemic, then as Mario was articulating, it cannot be just a taste or a matter of statistical discrimination. Its not an individual phenomenon, but a collective practice.

And I think that you also need to understand that the actors, and thats the reason why I moved from economics sociology because economics focus on the individual actor, sociology is more likely to see sort of collective behavior. So, actors belong to groups and experience life in group-structured condition. So, many of our explanation, for example, for the status of people of color, and Im doing what William Ryan called eons ago, blaming the victims, and by doing so they ignore the system. For example, they claim that Blacks dont do well in life because of their culture.

So, Oscar Lewis wrote one of his first books on Puerto Rico, Puerto Ricans, La Vida, claiming that the reason why poor Puerto Ricans here in the world, actually why Puerto Ricans here in the world, he defines us, the population, was because we have the culture of poverty.

And that argument, the culture of poverty, is like Freddy Krueger. You think you have killed the culture of poverty and it comes back with a new attire. Or the claim, Youre not doing well because of female-headed households, or, Its class, or as Daina was talking about, it is They have salt in their bodies.

And a lot of people were using that little graph as evidence because presumably it shows a slave master tasting a Black person to see if they are salty. Alternatively, and we dont know what this person had in mind, but weve got to think that person was a pervert. And theres a lot of work showing that slavery included the abuse, sexual and otherwise, of both women and men.

So, it is anything but racism. I think its time for us to take racism seriously analytically, politically and morally as many folks are doing right now in the mean streets, to cite Piti Thomas, of America. So, thats it for me.

Suresh Naidu: Thanks.

Sandy Darity: Suresh, its in your hands now.

Suresh Naidu: Yeah, so thanks to all of our panelists, that was really interesting. So, now wed like to take questions from everyone. So, if you want to raise your hand, and I will do my best to keep up, we dont have the questions function here so its going to be a bit of a So Im clear I wont see everyone, but if you want to use the raise hand function in the tab and I can take questions and call on you. Peter.

Peter: Yeah. I just want to say thank you all so much for these really excellent presentations. And Mario, my students and I read your paper, and I think that we as economists certainly have to broaden our perspective. My own view is that we tend to rely a lot on models, and so the call to action really is to think about new models of discrimination as a way of trying to instantiate some of these ideas into the profession.

And then the second piece, too, is whenever we write models, they need to be historically accurate, right? Like for some reason, its like we write models with really terrible assumptions that have no basis in history, for example, that discrimination happens on the margin, when in fact you had signs saying No Blacks, regardless of your socioeconomic status.

So, thank you all for organizing this panel, thank you for your work. I look forward to continuing to read and to engage with your work, and I certainly hope that the ideas here really permeate our profession in a foundational way.

Suresh Naidu: Great. Okay. Does anyone want to respond, or I can keep taking questions? Felix.

Felix: Hey, everybody. Thank you everybody who is participating for your thoughtful words and for organizing. I guess I wanted to ask a little bit Im a Ph.D. student who does research on race and my training is in economics, my degree is in public policy. I have, as I think some people have mentioned, Ive faced pushback, right?

I think when you think about who is in economics, Ive had the experience of people being in that room who think differently about these things and dont sort of take the standard economic view as given and are looking at these other disciplines, thinking about those things.

Those things are not received well, right, which is I think why you dont see them published or sort of like being sort of the output that you see off the field, and some things that are on their face ridiculous, end up being received better because of sort of power.

I guess my question is, number one, is economics just weird or particularly, say Im white and its power structure or some other thing that makes us very susceptible to things, are these kinds of things in ways that you guys might not be in the disciplines that you sit in or do you guys have strategies that have allowed you to do this kind of courageous work that challenges power in important ways and still sort of make it out on the other side?

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Berkeley Talks transcript: Why racial equity belongs in the study of economics - UC Berkeley

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There are many benefits of plant-based eating. But is it safe to exclude meat when youve got a whole-grain bun in the oven? Registered dietitian Julia Zumpano, RD, shares her tips for being a pro at pregnancy while still being pro-plants.

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Vegetarian diets are nutritional powerhouses because they are:

The tricky part of eating vegetarian while youre pregnant, explains Zumpano, is that your protein needs increase during those months.

Zumpano says the average pregnant woman needs 71 to 75 grams of protein a day during pregnancy. That number can be even higher due to a number of factors, including if youre carrying multiples. If you want to eat vegetarian during pregnancy, its best to see a dietitian for a personal assessment to know your specific protein needs.

Its definitely doable to eat vegetarian while pregnant I did it myself but you need to plan your meals around protein to ensure youre getting enough, which may also include protein supplements.

A vegetarian diet typically cuts out meat, but there is a lot of grey. Some vegetarian diets include eggs and dairy. A vegan diet has no meat, dairy or eggs. A pescatarian diet is plant-based but includes fish. Is one type better during pregnancy?

If someone is open to less restrictive eating during pregnancy, I try to guide them that way because it can be easier to fill the nutritional requirements, says Zumpano. For example, if someone is vegan but open to dairy during pregnancy, I would encourage that shift so they can get their protein and calcium needs met by food sources.

If youre set on a vegan pregnancy or dont want to adjust your eating habits, youre still good. Youll just need to use a supplement or a vegetarian product like tofu to meet the nutritional needs of you and your baby.

All pregnant women, whether or not they eat meat, need to take a quality prenatal vitamin. If the vitamin doesnt contain enough calcium or folate, you may need additional supplementation.

A high-variety diet can help you meet your nutritional requirements in pregnancy:

There are also some foods you should avoid:

If you want to ensure complete nutrition during a vegetarian pregnancy, its best to plan ahead. Zumpano recommends making a list of the fruits, veggies, proteins and grains youre willing to eat and then planning your meals around them.

Probably the hardest time to successfully eat vegetarian is during the first three months of pregnancy, says Zumpano. If you have morning sickness or nausea, food may not taste good. Or you dont feel like eating for fear it will all come back up. It can be almost impossible to eat a complete diet in this situation.

To avoid having soda crackers as your primary food source, Zumpano recommends:

Youll likely find it easier to meet all your nutritional needs in trimesters two and three (when you dont feel like retching all day). But you can use these tips at all points in your pregnancy to ensure your baby gets the best nutrition for a healthy start in life

These recipes can help you get started in developing a nutritionally complete eating plan:

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Can You Safely Have a Vegetarian Pregnancy? Health Essentials from Cleveland Clinic - Health Essentials from Cleveland Clinic

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith