As reported in an eye-opening new research paper, scientists have created tiny human livers out of human skin cells before successfully transplanting them into rats.

What we are planning to do is to start making mini human organs that are universal, explained the papers co-author, Alejandro Soto-Gutirrez, from the University of Pittsburgh.That would change the paradigm of transplants.

The science-fiction-like procedure was done by taking adult skin cells and genetically altering certain genes and transcription factors to create what are known as pluripotent stem cells.

It starts with human skin cells called fibroblasts, in 2006 the pioneering field of genetic-editing led scientists to discover that they can simply take any cell from a living adult and turn it into a pluripotent stem cell.

Pluri, meaning plurality, indicates its ability to carry the genetic code of all organ types, which is how they can become liver cells.

RELATED: For the First Time in the US, Surgeons Pump New Life into Dead Donor Heart for Life-Saving Transplant

According to the Mayo Clinic, the number of people on current waiting lists for liver transplants far exceeds the number of available liver donors. The cost is just as high: the medical journal Inverse reports the average cost of a transplant, accounting for the entire procedure, is about $812,000.

New technologies always reduce the cost of existing products (remember how expensive flat screen televisions were?) and a new paradigm of made-to-order fabrication of organs would likely fulfill all the demand for transplants while lowering the cost at the same time.

As fascinating as it is a little unsettling, the science took a decade to perfect, but is far still from human trials. The tiny organs from human cells continued working normally after they were transplanted into rats bred to have suppressed immune systems otherwise the body would reject the foreign organ.

RELATED: Game-Changing Approval of Liver Transplant Procedure Expected to Halve the Waiting List

The method and associated technology could produce part-time liver grafts, that could prolong the lives of people waiting on the transplant list.

The long-term goal is to create organs that can replace organ donation, but in the near future, I see this as a bridge to transplant, Soto-Gutirrez told Inverse. For instance, in acute liver failure, you might just need a hepatic boost for a while, instead of a whole new liver.

(File photo by OPCW Laboratory in Rijswijk, CC license)

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Dream of Plentiful Organ Transplants Moves Closer to Reality as Scientists Grow Tiny Working Livers from Skin Cells - Good News Network

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Global Stem Cell Therapy Market: Overview

Also called regenerative medicine, stem cell therapy encourages the reparative response of damaged, diseased, or dysfunctional tissue via the use of stem cells and their derivatives. Replacing the practice of organ transplantations, stem cell therapies have eliminated the dependence on availability of donors. Bone marrow transplant is perhaps the most commonly employed stem cell therapy.

Osteoarthritis, cerebral palsy, heart failure, multiple sclerosis and even hearing loss could be treated using stem cell therapies. Doctors have successfully performed stem cell transplants that significantly aid patients fight cancers such as leukemia and other blood-related diseases.

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Global Stem Cell Therapy Market: Key Trends

The key factors influencing the growth of the global stem cell therapy market are increasing funds in the development of new stem lines, the advent of advanced genomic procedures used in stem cell analysis, and greater emphasis on human embryonic stem cells. As the traditional organ transplantations are associated with limitations such as infection, rejection, and immunosuppression along with high reliance on organ donors, the demand for stem cell therapy is likely to soar. The growing deployment of stem cells in the treatment of wounds and damaged skin, scarring, and grafts is another prominent catalyst of the market.

On the contrary, inadequate infrastructural facilities coupled with ethical issues related to embryonic stem cells might impede the growth of the market. However, the ongoing research for the manipulation of stem cells from cord blood cells, bone marrow, and skin for the treatment of ailments including cardiovascular and diabetes will open up new doors for the advancement of the market.

Global Stem Cell Therapy Market: Market Potential

A number of new studies, research projects, and development of novel therapies have come forth in the global market for stem cell therapy. Several of these treatments are in the pipeline, while many others have received approvals by regulatory bodies.

In March 2017, Belgian biotech company TiGenix announced that its cardiac stem cell therapy, AlloCSC-01 has successfully reached its phase I/II with positive results. Subsequently, it has been approved by the U.S. FDA. If this therapy is well- received by the market, nearly 1.9 million AMI patients could be treated through this stem cell therapy.

Another significant development is the granting of a patent to Israel-based Kadimastem Ltd. for its novel stem-cell based technology to be used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and other similar conditions of the nervous system. The companys technology used for producing supporting cells in the central nervous system, taken from human stem cells such as myelin-producing cells is also covered in the patent.

The regional analysis covers:

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Global Stem Cell Therapy Market: Regional Outlook

The global market for stem cell therapy can be segmented into Asia Pacific, North America, Latin America, Europe, and the Middle East and Africa. North America emerged as the leading regional market, triggered by the rising incidence of chronic health conditions and government support. Europe also displays significant growth potential, as the benefits of this therapy are increasingly acknowledged.

Asia Pacific is slated for maximum growth, thanks to the massive patient pool, bulk of investments in stem cell therapy projects, and the increasing recognition of growth opportunities in countries such as China, Japan, and India by the leading market players.

Global Stem Cell Therapy Market: Competitive Analysis

Several firms are adopting strategies such as mergers and acquisitions, collaborations, and partnerships, apart from product development with a view to attain a strong foothold in the global market for stem cell therapy.

Some of the major companies operating in the global market for stem cell therapy are RTI Surgical, Inc., MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Osiris Therapeutics, Inc., NuVasive, Inc., Pharmicell Co., Ltd., Anterogen Co., Ltd., JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., and Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l.

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Stem Cell Therapy Market Segmentation Detailed Study with Forecast to 2025 - Owned

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

The Skin Care Cosmetic market revenue was xx.xx Million USD in 2014, grew to xx.xx Million USD in 2018, and will reach xx.xx Million USD in 2024, with a CAGR of x.x% during 2019-2024. Based on the Skin Care Cosmetic industrial chain, this report mainly elaborates the definition, types, applications and major players of Skin Care Cosmetic market in details. Deep analysis about market status (2014-2019), enterprise competition pattern, advantages and disadvantages of enterprise products, industry development trends (2019-2024), regional industrial layout characteristics and macroeconomic policies, industrial policy has also be included. From raw materials to downstream buyers of this industry will be analyzed scientifically, the feature of product circulation and sales channel will be presented as well. In a word, this report will help you to establish a panorama of industrial development and characteristics of the Skin Care Cosmetic market., The Skin Care Cosmetic market can be split based on product types, major applications, and important regions.

Download PDF Sample of Skin Care Cosmetic Market report @ https://www.arcognizance.com/enquiry-sample/740561

Major Players in Skin Care Cosmetic market are:, Avon Products Inc, Kao Corporation, Procter & Gamble, The Estee Lauder Companies Inc, Beiersdorf AG, Unilever PLC, The Body Shop International PLC, Johnson & Johnson, LOreal S.A.

Major Regions that plays a vital role in Skin Care Cosmetic market are:, North America, Europe, China, Japan, Middle East & Africa, India, South America, Others

Brief about Skin Care Cosmetic Market Report with [emailprotected] https://arcognizance.com/report/global-skin-care-cosmetic-industry-market-research-report

Most important types of Skin Care Cosmetic products covered in this report are:, Sensitive Skin Care, Dry Skin Care, Infants Skin Care, Others

Most widely used downstream fields of Skin Care Cosmetic market covered in this report are:, Stem Cells Protection Against UV, Flakiness Reduction, Rehydrate the Skin Surface, Minimize wrinkles, Increase the viscosity of Aqueous

There are 13 Chapters to thoroughly display the Skin Care Cosmetic market. This report included the analysis of market overview, market characteristics, industry chain, competition landscape, historical and future data by types, applications and regions.

Chapter 1: Skin Care Cosmetic Market Overview, Product Overview, Market Segmentation, Market Overview of Regions, Market Dynamics, Limitations, Opportunities and Industry News and Policies.

Chapter 2: Skin Care Cosmetic Industry Chain Analysis, Upstream Raw Material Suppliers, Major Players, Production Process Analysis, Cost Analysis, Market Channels and Major Downstream Buyers.

Chapter 3: Value Analysis, Production, Growth Rate and Price Analysis by Type of Skin Care Cosmetic.

Chapter 4: Downstream Characteristics, Consumption and Market Share by Application of Skin Care Cosmetic.

Chapter 5: Production Volume, Price, Gross Margin, and Revenue ($) of Skin Care Cosmetic by Regions (2014-2019).

Chapter 6: Skin Care Cosmetic Production, Consumption, Export and Import by Regions (2014-2019).

Chapter 7: Skin Care Cosmetic Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions.

Chapter 8: Competitive Landscape, Product Introduction, Company Profiles, Market Distribution Status by Players of Skin Care Cosmetic.

Chapter 9: Skin Care Cosmetic Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application (2019-2024).

Chapter 10: Market Analysis and Forecast by Regions (2019-2024).

Chapter 11: Industry Characteristics, Key Factors, New Entrants SWOT Analysis, Investment Feasibility Analysis.

Chapter 12: Market Conclusion of the Whole Report.

Chapter 13: Appendix Such as Methodology and Data Resources of This Research.

Some Point of Table of Content:

Chapter One: Skin Care Cosmetic Introduction and Market Overview

Chapter Two: Industry Chain Analysis

Chapter Three: Global Skin Care Cosmetic Market, by Type

Chapter Four: Skin Care Cosmetic Market, by Application

Chapter Five: Global Skin Care Cosmetic Production, Value ($) by Region (2014-2019)

Chapter Six: Global Skin Care Cosmetic Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2014-2019)

Chapter Seven: Global Skin Care Cosmetic Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions

Chapter Eight: Competitive Landscape

Chapter Nine: Global Skin Care Cosmetic Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application

Chapter Ten: Skin Care Cosmetic Market Analysis and Forecast by Region

Chapter Eleven: New Project Feasibility Analysis

Chapter Twelve: Research Finding and Conclusion

Chapter Thirteen: Appendix continued

List of tablesList of Tables and FiguresFigure Product Picture of Skin Care CosmeticTable Product Specification of Skin Care CosmeticFigure Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of Skin Care CosmeticFigure Global Skin Care Cosmetic Value ($) and Growth Rate from 2014-2024Table Different Types of Skin Care CosmeticFigure Global Skin Care Cosmetic Value ($) Segment by Type from 2014-2019Figure Sensitive Skin Care PictureFigure Dry Skin Care PictureFigure Infants Skin Care PictureFigure Others PictureTable Different Applications of Skin Care CosmeticFigure Global Skin Care Cosmetic Value ($) Segment by Applications from 2014-2019Figure Stem Cells Protection Against UV PictureFigure Flakiness Reduction PictureFigure Rehydrate the Skin Surface PictureFigure Minimize wrinkles PictureFigure Increase the viscosity of Aqueous PictureTable Research Regions of Skin Care CosmeticFigure North America Skin Care Cosmetic Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2019)Figure Europe Skin Care Cosmetic Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2019)Table China Skin Care Cosmetic Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2019)Table Japan Skin Care Cosmetic Production Value ($) and Growth Rate (2014-2019)continued

If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.

About Us:Analytical Research Cognizance (ARC)is a trusted hub for research reports that critically renders accurate and statistical data for your business growth. Our extensive database of examined market reports places us amongst the best industry report firms. Our professionally equipped team further strengthens ARCs potential.ARC works with the mission of creating a platform where marketers can have access to informative, latest and well researched reports. To achieve this aim our experts tactically scrutinize every report that comes under their eye.

Contact Us:Ranjeet DengaleDirector SalesAnalytical Research Cognizance+1 (646) 403-4695, +91 90967 44448Email: [emailprotected]

NOTE: Our report does take into account the impact of coronavirus pandemic and dedicates qualitative as well as quantitative sections of information within the report that emphasizes the impact of COVID-19.

As this pandemic is ongoing and leading to dynamic shifts in stocks and businesses worldwide, we take into account the current condition and forecast the market data taking into consideration the micro and macroeconomic factors that will be affected by the pandemic.

Excerpt from:
Impact Of COVID-19 On Skin Care Cosmetic Market 2020 Industry Challenges, Business Overview And Forecast Research Study 2024 - Owned

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Spin the wheel of glowy celebrity complexions youd like to emulate and wherever it lands, chances are Joanna Czech had something to do with it. With 30 years of experience as an esthetician under her belt, her facials are some of the most sought-after in the industry, and her intel is the stuff that beauty editors cling to like gospel. Shes schooled us in the benefits of enzymes for acne, and taught us why we should never, ever use thick moisturizers during the summer months, and our skin is much better for it.

As someone with a breadth of skin knowledge, its no surprise that Czech takes her own skin-care practices very, very seriously. I have reactive, dehydrated skin, which has gotten more dehydrated from loss of estrogen because of my age, says Czech, who also has stage one rosacea that is exacerbated by heat, stress, and certain foods. My skin doesnt do great with heat, needling, or deep exfoliation. I am all about supporting it with super hydrating, comforting, healing treatments and products.

As a special treat, she gave us a peak inside of her spring and summer season skin-care arsenal, and revealed what she uses on her skin every night. While her morning routine is chock full of nourishing products (and SPF, of course), she considers her evening regimen to be the most important, because skin at rest absorbs products better, so the efficacy increases. Read on for every product that graces her skin.

Post-cleanse, Czech balances her skin with P50. Its made with a combination of chemically exfoliating acids, which melt away dead skin cells and create a clean canvas on which to apply the rest of her routine. While the original P50 is pretty much the gold standard as far acid toners go, this formula has added benefits of helping with hyperpigmentation.

Massage is such an important step, as it speeds up circulation, bringing more oxygen to the tissue, resulting in brighter, healthier skin, says Czech. It can also change the shape of the face, lifting the brows, the jawline and emphasizing the cheekbones. Shes a fan of her namesake massage roller, which is made with two metal balls that de-puff your face while stimulating your skin. Pro tip? Put itor whatever roller youve got at homein the fridge or freezer for a luxurious cooling facial.

Czech changes up her routine seasonally, but right now shes currently slathering on this stem-cell infused serum. Its made with patented Bio-Cellular Technology that smooths and firms skin while helping to minimize fine lines and increase suppleness. Its also got hyaluronic acid to aid in hydration while you sleep. As far as application goes, shes a fan of the press and release motion. I spread the product on my skin and then press and release. Skin absorbs the product better, she says. And according to Czech, the best way to get your serums working over timewhether they cost $155 or $15is with a completely free hack. I make my own ice cubes from teaeither chamomile, green or blackand I run the cubes over my face after serum application, she says. This helps to seal in the product, and ensure its doing its job at max capacity while you sleep.

This moisturizer might just be the smartest on the market, and Czech co-signs its efficacy. It gives your body the building blocks it needs to create new cells, through amino acids, vitamins, and nutrients, which helps to improve the appearance of dark spots and acne scarring, while diminishing fine lines and wrinkles, and restoring elasticity. At $170 a bottle, its hardly a budget buy, but its so effective it might just replace every other serum in your routine.

To up the effectiveness of her go-to eye cream, Czech infuses it with a drop of Protective Nourishment Eye Glow Serum ($89). The cream helps to lift the eye and even out the tone of dark circles, while the serum helps to minimize fine lines and puffiness.

Keep lips hydrated all dayand all night with this balm, which is made with nourishing ingredients like glycerin and castor oil. In addition to fighting off chapped lips, it can also be used to treat dryness all over your body, from your elbows to your knees to your nails.

Want to know what a dermatologist uses in *her* routine? Check out the video below.

Our editors independently select these products. Making a purchase through our links may earn Well+Good a commission.

Here is the original post:
Ive Been an Esthetician for 30 YearsThis Is What I Do to My Skin Every Single Night - Well+Good

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

The research team includes (from left) Victoria Neckles, David Feliciano, Tori Riley, Aidan Sokolov and Jennie Holmberg.Image Credit: College of Science

CLEMSON, South Carolina College of Science associate professor and researcher David Feliciano has received a $667,000 grant from the Department of Defense to explore the cellular underpinnings of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), a developmental disorder characterized by the growth of benign tumors throughout the body, most notably in the brain.

Young children with TSCoften have seizures, learning disabilities, behavioral issues, and a high rate of autism. A hallmark of the disorder is the presence of growths in the brain called subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs). SEGAs can block cerebrospinal fluid flow resulting in hydrocephalus, behavioral changes, nausea, headaches, seizures, and are a cause of mortality. SEGAs can be surgically removed, however, their presence in infancy usually precludes immediate removal. Early intervention improves prognosis.

About a third of the TSC cases are inherited from a parent, while about two thirds of cases arise during in utero development, said Feliciano, of biological sciences. There are clues leading to a TSC diagnosis. For example, an infant may have seizures characterized by a head bobbing motion that almost looks like he or she is nodding off, skin lesions, and red bumps comprised of blood vessels on the face, especially on the nose and cheeks.

According to Feliciano, scientists know that TSC occurs because of a mutation on either the TSC1 or TSC2 gene. These genes normally produce proteins that stop cell growth via the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. However, TSC1 or TSC2 mutations result in excessive mTOR activity and cell growth.

Coronal section of a mouse brain olfactory bulb genetically modified by in vivo neural stem cell electroporation (blue, old neurons; cyan, young neurons; magenta, nuclei of all cells).Image Credit: Courtesy of Victoria Riley

In the course of the three-year project, Feliciano will generate a novel mouse model of TSC, characterize the molecular pathways in this model, and test two potential drug therapies to evaluate their effectiveness on treating these harmful SEGAs.

The model will have mutations engineered in the neural stem cells of newborn mice. When these stem cells divide, the cellular progeny will be deficient in the Tsc2 gene, mimicking the human disease. These mice will also express an inducible fluorescent protein allowing the altered cells to be tracked by microscopy.

Well be able to closely examine how the SEGAs form in this model, Feliciano said. We can examine the cell types and cellular processes that are altered, and we can study how the biochemical pathways are altered within the SEGA cells.

While we have developed other models of TSC, none to date fully recapitulate SEGAs, Feliciano added. Having a SEGA model is important because it allows one to interrogate the molecular pathways and identify mechanisms of pathogenesis. In the final step of the project, Feliciano will test the effectiveness of two potential therapies which may stop the formation of SEGAs.

TSC is a relatively rare disorder, occurring in one out of every 6,000 births. TSC provides a framework to understand the pathways that orchestrate normal brain development. Many other diseases are also characterized by changes to the same pathways, although the causative genes are unknown. Therefore, the results of this research will be applicable to additional diseases, said Feliciano, citing cancer and epilepsy as two examples.

This research is supported by the Department of Defense Award Number W81XWH-19-TSCRP-IDA. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the DoD.

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Feliciano receives $667K DOD grant to explore developmental disorder that causes tumors in the body and brain - Clemson Newsstand

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

ONE simple act could save this little girl's life.

Little Shahera Khan has a fault with her immune system that means her body can't produce enough white blood cells.

3

It means the toddler is susceptible to infections, meaning a seemingly innocuous bug could kill her.

Shahera's life is very different to those of other tot's her age.

She can't go to nursery, make friends or really interact with too many other kids, for fear of picking up infections.

While she loves to play with her big brother, Amaan, five, she has to take daily medication and has blood transfusions each week.

If she picks up a common cold or cough, it can leave her in hospital for days while her tiny body fights the bacteria or virus.

Now, her parents are pleading for help from strangers, to offer their little girl a chance at a normal life.

Shahera's only hope of growing up like her peers is a stem cell transplant.

Speaking to The Sun her Mum Amina said she just wants her daughter to get better and to lead a normal life.

Shahera was born a healthy child and she was okay when she was small.

She picked up bronchiolitis when she was eight months old and had to be hospitalised. We were there for a week and she also picked up an ear and nose infection.

A lot of people say she has been through the wars and she has, she hasnt had an easy childhood and theres always something new with her illness

Amina, who lives in Croydon with Shahera, her husband and Sharehas little brother said that she had Shahera at home for just a couple of days before she had to go back to hospital due to coughing fits.

She recovered at home but within two weeks the family were sent a letter that detailed she had low immunity.

Amina said that little Shahera had a rash on her face and said doctors then had to do a biopsy.

They were scratching their heads really. After a biopsy they found that she was an unusual case.

3

Her skin was pretty bad at that point and they gave her steroids and antibiotics.

At the Evelina hospital they ran further tests on Shahera, but sadly she then had to be hospitalised for bacterial sepsis.

Amina said that all of this happened during the 2018 World Cup and said she remembers it so well as temperatures were soaring and she was trying to control little Shaheras temperature.

She was so thirsty and her temperature was 38/39C.

How to join the stem cell register

Little Shahera needs a stem cell donor - here's how you can register

You can join the stem cell register online. All you need to do is fill out a registration form and you will be sent out some swabs.

You will need to take some samples, usually from the inside of your mouth and then send them back. As soon as they are received you'll be added to the register.

You'll remain on the register until you are 61-years-old.

If you are a match for someone in need charities such as Anthony Nolan will help guide you through the process.

Around 90 per cent of people are able to donate via their blood stream with 10 per cent donating from bone marrow while under general anaesthetic.

To find out more and to register you can visit the below sites:

Then the hospital found that one of her white blood cells was completely wiped out, she was very sick and it was at that point that the doctors mentioned a bone marrow transplant.

Once again Shahera was allowed to return home and she made a good recovery.

Then when she was just one her rash appeared again and more tests found that she had a rare immunodeficiency.

Shahera now has antibody immunoglobulin treatments every week and Amina said this makes a big difference to her quality of life.

3

The issue now Amina says, is that doctors need to find a way to continue to treat Shahera so she can do all the things that other little girls can.

Doctors have given the family several months to find a donor and have said the transplant could take place as early as next spring.

Finding a donor though will be a struggle for the family as just 20 per cent of patients from BAME backgrounds find the best possible donor match.

This is in comparison to 69 per cent for people with white European heritage.

Finding a donor would be a big relief for us, because hopefully it will maker her better

Shahera is of Bangladeshi origin and Amina said its difficult for the family to find someone from their community.

We are part of her journey and it has been difficult but we have been very patient and we are still working with consultants and professors.

At the moment she is doing as well as she can be and she has been shielding due to Covid-19.

Finding a donor would be a big relief for us, because hopefully it will maker her better.

Amina said that the family are not only campaigning to find a donor for Shahera but for others in the same situation.

What is immunoglobulin therapy?

Little Shahera has to have antibody immunoglobulin treatments to keep her well

It is a blood-based treatment that contains antibodies in order to fight against infections.

People are given this treatment when their immune systems do not produce enough antibodies.

Some patients are at a higher risk than others.

Charity PID UK states: "Clinical trials have shown that for people with immune deficiency, immunoglobulin treatments result in fewer infections, and those infections that do occur tend to be less serious.

"There is also evidence that people with immune deficiency are more likely to enjoy good health over many years if they receive immunoglobulin correctly. Finally, your wellbeing and your energy levels are likely to be better if you are on immunoglobulin.

"It may take several months before you feel these benefits.

Everything has been put on hold because of Covid but donating is such a simple process.

A lot of people have misconceptions about stem cell donation, but donors can save lives.

Due to the coronavirus lockdown little Shahera has spent lots of quality time with her family.

Amina said she is doing well and has enjoyed spending even more time with her older brother.

She likes to play cops and robbers and fireman Sam but she also enjoys doing girly things too like looking after her dolls.

Now that Shahera is a little bit older, Amina said she is more aware of her rash and will sometimes look at it and point.

She is very aware of the transfusions and understands what is happening and she is very well known in the ward.

She doesnt really cry when they prepare her for transfusions.

A lot of people say she has been through the wars and she has, she hasnt had an easy childhood and theres always something new with her illness.

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Warning

HES TRAUMATISEDBoy, 2, has face ripped in half by Staffie that tried to snatch food

But shes a tough little girl and she is doing really well.

Sarah Rogers, register development manager at Anthony Nolan says: Little Shahera wants to go to nursery, learn and make more friends just like other toddlers olds across the UK. For this to happen she needs a stranger to donate their stem cells.

"If youre aged 16-30 you can join the register online and well send you a cheek swab in the post.

"If youre found to be a match for a patient, you could donate your stem cells and give hope to families like Shaheras. Your support could help us give a patient, their family and their friends a second chance of life."

Continued here:
One common infection could kill our baby girl but one simple act could change her life forever - The Sun

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

A man undergoes a rapid HIV test. (CLAUDIO REYES/AFP via Getty)

In a major leap forward in the search for a HIV/AIDS cure, a person has been cured of HIV using a cocktail of medicines in what activists have dubbed a breakthrough as exciting as it was unexpected.

HIV, known as human immunodeficiency virus, hobbles peoples immune systems leaving them more vulnerable to once everyday diseases.

In a new study, presented Tuesday (July 7) at the International AIDS conference 2020, a patient on a relatively simple antiretroviral drugregimen was given a medicine commonly used to treat skin cancer.

Previous milestones of individuals HIV appearing to go into long-term remission resulted from bone-marrow transplants given to infected patients. Similarly, the transplants were intended to treat cancer in the patients, not HIV.

But bone-marrow transplants on top of being costly are unlikely to be realistic or reliable treatment options and are, at times, riddled with risk. Yet, this case involved no invasive medical procedures.

As a result, experts told PinkNews, while they are wearily calling it a cure for the virus, it is difficult how to define the word when instances of the virus demise are so few.

Moreover, they said, caution must be exercised in pivoting the case as a success, as scientists must assess whether the outcome can be replicated.

And while the HIV epidemic continues, advocates have warned that the emergence of the coronavirus pandemic its continually sweeping infection rates and how it is vacuuming the attention of scientists and healthcare officials will no doubt knock back success made in recent years.

Dr Andrea Savarino, of the Instituto Superiore di Sanit in Rome, Italy, explained to HIV advocacy group aidsmap during a video call seen by PinkNews that the patient, one of five, was given an experimental drug commonly used as a skin cancer preventative called Nicotinamide as part of the study.

The medicine boosts the immune system, and some academics have demonstrated how Nicotinamide inhibits advanced stages of HIVinfection in cell culture and works on multiple mechanisms to reel back HIV, Savarino said.

By the end of the study, Savarino said, a common indicator of the virus presence viral DNA was undetectable in the patient. Savarino admitted this was not an optimal marker, but it may give an indication of the size of the viral reservoir.

Researchers have long struggled to find a way to destroy HIV reservoirs clusters of infected immune cells that are not producing new HIV but this strategy, Savarino explained, may provide a possible blueprint.

Even after the patient was taken off of his antiretrovirals treatments, the virus did not rebound, the viral DNA was maintained negative, he said. The antibody response decreased over time, if the antibody decreases, it is possible that the virus has stopped its repetition.

The other four patients did rebound, the researcher said.

He stressed that the antibodies made to fight HIV have not disappeared altogether, but did decrease hes still being monitored in order to understand whether the antibodies might disappear as in the case of Mr Timothy Brown,Savarino added.

Brown, often referred to as the Berlin patient, beat HIV with a combination of stem cell transplants and radiotherapy following a diagnosis of leukaemia.

During the trial, only mild side-effects were observed from the cocktail of medicines: No real side-effects were observed from Nicotinamide, which was in-line with previous trials of the medicines impact on cancer.

However, the HIV expert stressed that those living with HIV should not take Nicotinamide in a non-medical setting, being that it is a potent and still experimental medicine.

I really hope that [the study] boosts further research into a HIV cure because it is the first time such a condition is seen, to my knowledge, in a patient under chronic HIV infection, and without having been subjected to a life-threatening medical procedure such as bone marrow transplant, he said.

However, this is our very first experiment, and I wouldnt foresee beyond that.

This was an unexpected result its proof of a concept that we werent really looking out for, Matthew Hodson, executive director of aidsmap, told PinkNews.

We have had effective treatment for HIV for 34 years but 690,000 people died of AIDS last year.

We anticipate that due to COVIDs disruption of health services there will be an even greater number of AIDS-related deaths this year. People around the world are desperately in need of a cure and this case does give us renewed hope.

Although the news is exciting, at this point we have to proceed with caution. We know that a very small number of people can achieve what appears to be remission with antiretroviral drugs alone and it remains possible that this is the case here.

We need to know whether this finding will be replicated in other people, especially as it was not replicated in four other people on the trial.

This particular treatment is relatively inexpensive and, unlike the bone marrow transplant that resulted in previous cure cases, is not especially dangerous to the patient.

This gives me hope that it could be rolled out widely if we found it to work in other people.

Only one person in the small group given this treatment seems to be cured.

Further trials are necessary to find out whether it works for others and which part of the treatment made the difference. This means that it will be some years yet before this treatment will be accessible.

The global fight against AIDS was staggering even before the COVID-19 pandemic, activists admitted, as the United Nations said Sunday that global HIV targets will not be reached.

The organisations AIDS agency said in a report that COVID-19 may hurl progress against the virus back by a decade or even more.

Data from 2019 shows that more than 38 million people worldwide have acquired HIV a million more than in 2018.

UN officials noted that while some 25.7 million people living with HIV were on antiretroviral treatment in 2019 a feat unimaginable a decade prior it still leaves12.6 million not on the life-saving medications.

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From Netdoctor

Lymphoma, a type of blood cancer, is the fifth most common cancer in the UK. Lymphomas can be hard to diagnose and with sixty different types, the treatments vary hugely from a watch and wait option to intensive chemotherapy, radiotherapy and even stem cell transplants. People can live for many years with lymphomas so lets look at how they present and what the treatment options are.

Lymphoma is a cancer of lymphocyte cells. Lymphocytes are one of our white blood cells and they play an important role in helping our body to fight off infection. They are present in lymph fluid which circulates around the body via a network of lymph nodes and lymph vessels which form the lymphatic system.

It is common for lymph nodes (also called lymph glands) to swell up when you have an infection. For example, you may notice swollen glands in your neck when you have a sore throat. The glands shrink back down again as the infection clears.

In lymphoma, something happens to the DNA of the lymphocytes which results in the lymphocytes behaving abnormally, they reproduce and multiply in an uncontrolled way. Large numbers of lymphocytes mean that the lymph nodes become congested and swollen without the presence of infection.

There are different type of lymphocyte cells and around sixty different types of lymphoma but they can be divided into two groups:

Non-Hodgkin can be further divided into:

People of any age can get lymphoma, including children. Hodgkin lymphoma occurs most commonly in people in their early twenties and in the over seventies. It affects around 2,000 people each year in the UK. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is more common affecting around 14,000 people each year, a third of whom are over the age of 75.

The causes of lymphoma are largely unknown. There may be an inherited genetic mutation which causes the DNA to wrongly instruct the lymphocytes to multiply but its not known for certain if lymphoma runs in families.

Whilst it doesnt point to the cause, certain people are at higher risk of developing lymphoma. These include people who have a suppressed immune system. The suppression may come from the presence of a medical condition which directly affects the immune system such as HIV or from taking an immune suppressing medication. People who have previously been infected by the Epstein Barr virus (responsible for glandular fever) also seem to be at higher risk of lymphoma.

Because some of the symptoms of lymphoma such as swollen nodes and fatigue are common, it can be hard to diagnose lymphoma. Superficial lymph nodes in the neck and armpits are easy to feel but many nodes lie deep within the chest or abdomen and cant be seen or felt.

The most common symptoms of lymphoma are:

These are most commonly in the neck, armpits and groin area. Smooth, rubbery lumps can be felt. They arent usually painful and gradually enlarge although they may go up and down in a low grade, non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

If you have swollen glands that have persisted for over two to three weeks or are getting progressively bigger, then see your doctor.

Photo credit: Christopher Futcher - Getty Images

The following generalised symptoms, also called systemic symptoms may be present:

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When lymph nodes become enlarged they can press on the body tissues surrounding them resulting in a variety of symptoms depending on the location of the nodes. These include:

Some people may have only one symptom, whereas others will have multiple. Similarly, some people may become rapidly very unwell whilst others have a slower, milder form of lymphoma. The variety is huge due to the many different types and locations of lymphoma.

When you feel unwell or notice swollen glands, your first contact is usually with your GP. He or she will not be able to make a diagnosis of lymphoma but may have suspicions based on listening to your explanation of your symptoms and after examining you.

Blood tests will usually be ordered. These include a Full Blood Count (FBC) which gives details of the number of white blood cells, including lymphocytes in your blood. It cannot however give a diagnosis of lymphoma. To reach this you will be referred to a specialist who will arrange specific tests to not only confirm lymphoma but also to work out how advanced the lymphoma is. These include a biopsy where a sample of the tissue from a gland (or commonly a whole gland) is removed and examined under the microscope. Scans such as CT scans, ultrasound scans and X-rays all help to diagnose lymphoma and determine the best treatment plan.

Once the diagnosis has been made, the doctor will find out what stage the lymphoma is at. This means working out which parts of the body are affected and how advanced the disease is. Staging helps to plan the right treatment.

The following staging is for adults with Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The staging is different in children

Stage 1 only one group of lymph nodes is affected

Stage 2 two groups of lymph nodes are affected but they are both on the same side of the diaphragm e.g. in the neck and armpit

Stage 3 Lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm are affected e.g. neck, armpit and groin

Stage 4 Lymphoma has spread to organs outside of the lymphatic system e.g. lungs, liver

Photo credit: Peathegee Inc - Getty Images

The treatment plan for lymphoma varies according to the type and stage of lymphoma however factors such as age, other medical conditions and general health can influence how effective and well tolerated treatment is.

Treatment plans are usually drawn up after a Multi-Disciplinary Team meeting. This is a discussion between a collection of specialists who all use their expertise and previous experience to determine the best course of action for each individual patient.

The aim of treatment is to push the lymphoma into complete remission where there is no evidence that it is still present in the body and to prevent relapses. Sometimes where the lymphoma is a low grade, non-Hodgkin type, the aim is for a partial remission, quietening the disease. In this situation, sometimes treatment isnt offered immediately and a watch and wait approach is taken.

Treatment options include:

The charity Lymphoma action states, In the UK, no alternative therapies are registered for the treatment of lymphoma. There is no evidence that they are effective and they are not recommended by the NHS. Although not recommended as a treatment, many patients gain benefit from complementary therapies alongside their medical treatment. Therapies such as massage, aromatherapy, meditation and mindfulness, can all help to lower stress and anxiety and improve wellbeing and quality of life.

Most cases of lymphoma are treatable.

In England, approximately 75 per cent of people with Hodgkin lymphoma will survive for ten years or more. Younger people and those who are diagnosed earliest have the best survival rates.

The survival rate for non-Hodgkin lymphoma has tripled in the last 40 years in the UK and almost two thirds of people will survive beyond ten years. The survival rates are highest in young people and 9 in 10 people diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma between the ages of 15 and 39 will survive for more than five years.

*stats from Cancer Research UK https://www.cancerresearchuk.org

Lymphoma action

Blood Cancer UK

Last medically reviewed: 08-07-2020

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Cosmetic Skin CareMarketBusiness Insights and Updates:

The latest Marketreport by a Data Bridge Market Researchwith the title[Global Cosmetic Skin CareMarket Industry Trends and Forecast to 2026].The new report on the worldwide Cosmetic Skin CareMarketis committed to fulfilling the necessities of the clients by giving them thorough insights into the Market. The various providers involved in the value chain of the product include manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, intermediaries, and customers.The reports provide Insightful information to the clients enhancing their basic leadership capacity identified.Exclusive information offered in this report is collected by analysis and trade consultants.

Global cosmetic skin care market is set to witness a substantial CAGR of 5.5% in the forecast period of 2019- 2026.

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Dr. Taz Bhatia, an immune support and wellness physician, offers seven tips parents can follow to help keep their kids healthy:

Add foods high in vitamin C:

Citrus fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C like: oranges, grapefruits and beets support and help build a strong immune system. With children, we really want them to get their vitamins through food, so the earlier you can establish some of these healthy eating habits, the better for their overall health, Bhatia says.

Make chicken soup a weekly option:

Another immune-supporting food for kids is chicken soup. It isnt just an option when children are sick. Its a great food to bring in maybe a couple of times a week to keep the immune system primed and supportive, she explains. Chicken soup produces collagen that helps keep skin, hair and bones strong. It also has antiviral and antibacterial properties.

Check out the video above for more tips.

TAZ BHATIA: Hi, there. It's Dr Taz again, and if you're like me, you're worried about keeping your children healthy. Well, here are some foods and habits to keep your children's immune system right where it needs to be.

We know that high-vitamin-C foods, especially our citrus fruits like oranges, grapefruit, and vegetables like beets have tons of vitamin C in it that really support and help the immune system. With children, we really want them to get their vitamins through food, so the earlier you can establish some of these healthy eating habits, the better for their overall health.

Another immune-supporting food for kids is chicken soup. Chicken soup actually produces collagens and other amino modulators that keep the immune system primed and actually act as an antiviral and an antibacterial.

My next tip is all about sugar. Are they drinking too many sweet drinks, too any juices in a given day? And how much of their sugar is refined sugar or sugar from convenience foods or packaged foods versus natural sugars that we find in things like fruits? The more we can lower sugar, the healthier they will be.

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Aromatherapy is also beneficial for our kids, and it's really easy. Rosemary, eucalyptus, and even tea-tree oil are some of my favorite oils to use in children. You typically want to rub them on their wrist, maybe on the sides of the nose, or you can diffuse them or they can steam with them to help get all the therapeutic benefits of these essential oils.

We know that most children need about 10 hours sleep a night. That's 10 hours of continuous sleep. The younger ones need 12 hours, and even those teenagers and adolescents, they shouldn't be skimping below 10.

Children need exercise probably even more than adults do. The daily dose is critical for the immune system. We know that when they're active, when they're running around, it also helps to produce chemicals, cytokines, that support the immune system rather than fight against it.

Teaching children to wash their hands has now, more than ever, become so important. So teaching your children some of these habits to where it becomes routine is going to help them as we come out of this pandemic.

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Foods and habits that can help strengthen your child's immune system - Yahoo Lifestyle

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More than a third of Americans arent getting enough sleep, according to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention.

For optimal health, adults need at least seven hours of sleep each night. But depending on your age, you might need even more:

If you consistently lack sleep, it can pose serious health risks. In the short-term, staying awake for 17 to 19 hours straight can impair your reaction time as much as a blood-alcohol level of 0.05%, which is considered legally drunk. Long-term, a consistent lack of sleep may also increase your likelihood for a heart attack or mental illness.

Here are 6 ways a lack of sleep can negatively impact your health:

Insufficient sleep can affect your mood and increase your stress levels.

In fact, people with insomnia are 17 times more likely to develop clinical anxiety than people who arent sleep deprived. Non-depressed people who have insomnia may be twice as likely to develop depression than people who sleep well.

This could be due to the impact that a lack of sleep has on the brains ability to regulate emotions, which can lead to mood disturbances and negative thinking.

For example, a study published in Current Biology in 2007 examined healthy participants who were deprived of sleep for 35 hours. When the sleep deprived patients were shown negative images, they had more activity in the amygdala the area of the brain that regulates emotions and anxiety levels than participants who werent sleep deprived.

In addition, research has found that 65% to 90% of adults with depression have sleep problems. While a lack of sleep can affect your mental health, depression can also cause insomnia, leading to a vicious cycle.

Researchers have found that just five hours of lost sleep in a 24-hour period can cut off the connection between neurons in the hippocampus, the area of the brain associated with memory.

In one small study published in the journal Neuroscience in 2005, 12 healthy college-aged participants were taught a sequence of finger movements and asked to repeat it 12 hours later as an MRI measured their brain waves.

Researchers found that the cerebellum, the area of the brain that controls accuracy, was more active in participants who had slept during that time period. This suggests that while you sleep, memory is shifted to more efficient storage areas in the brain.

A lack of sleep may also impair the brains ability to flush out beta-amyloid, a toxic protein in the fluid between brain cells that has been linked to memory loss and Alzheimers disease.

Not sleeping enough at night will make it more difficult for you to learn or remember things later, says Raman Malhotra, MD, a sleep medicine physician and associate professor of neurology at Washington University School of Medicine. Sleep helps imprint memories or things you are studying to try and remember in the future.

Not getting seven to eight hours of sleep each night can activate your bodys endocannabinoid (eCB) system, which increases your appetite for pleasurable but unhealthy foods, like candy and chips.

In one small study of 14 healthy young adults, published in the journal Sleep in 2016, researchers found that participants who got insufficient sleep for four nights had higher eCB levels in the afternoons than those who got a good nights sleep. The elevated eCB levels increased their appetites and their cravings for snacks.

It can increase your urge to eat by altering the normal release and levels of different hormones responsible for hunger and satiety, Malhotra says. Research has also found that a lack of sleep increases the release of ghrelin, the hormone that stimulates your appetite, and decreases the release of leptin, the hormone that makes you feel full.

In addition, if youre not getting enough sleep, you may feel fatigue and not have the energy to exercise regularly, which can also contribute to weight gain. A small study of 15 healthy men, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 2009, found that fewer hours of sleep for two nights in a row resulted in significantly decreased daytime physical activity.

Getting less than seven hours of sleep each night can increase your risk of heart disease, heart attack, or stroke regardless of your age, weight, and whether or not you smoke or exercise, according to the National Sleep Foundation.

High blood pressure, or hypertension, is one of the major risk factors for heart disease. While youre getting a good nights sleep, your blood pressure should decrease about 10% to 20%, which is known as nocturnal dipping. But if you dont get the sleep you need, your blood pressure wont dip at night and research has found that even small increases in your nighttime blood pressure level can lead to an increased risk of heart disease.

A consistent lack of sleep can also affect your bodys ability to regulate stress hormones, and this chronic stress may contribute to a heart attack over time.

In 2017, there were an estimated 91,000 police-reported car crashes involving drowsy drivers in the US about 50,000 people were injured and nearly 800 were killed.

Driving while drowsy is similar to driving under the influence. It slows down your reaction time and awareness of hazards, and reduces your ability to pay attention to what youre doing.

According to a study published in the journal Sleep in 2018, drivers who had fewer than four hours of sleep in the preceding 24-hour period were 15.1 times more likely to be responsible for a car crash than drivers who slept seven to nine hours during the same period.

Many work-related accidents are also attributable to insufficient sleep. Sleep-deprived workers are 70% more likely to have accidents on the job and twice as likely to die from those accidents than well-rested workers.

A lack of sleep can also result in poor judgment. This may be because sleep deprivation affects your brains prefrontal cortex, the area that controls logical thinking. Examples include:

Sleep deprivation might also affect your moral judgment, because it impairs your brains ability to use emotion and cognition to help you make decisions. Examples include:

The adverse health effects of a single sleepless night can usually be mediated if you get better consistent sleep over the next few nights, Malhotra says. However, if youve been experiencing a chronic lack of sleep over multiple weeks, months, or years, you may be at a great risk of health problems that are more difficult to reverse.

Some sleep disorders, like insomnia or sleep apnea, will require medical treatment in order to fully resolve your sleep issues. If you think you are not getting enough sleep, consult with a physician or sleep specialist who can discuss treatment options.

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Photo credit: The Cheesecake Factory

From Delish

The Cheesecake Factory is loved for its extensive menu, and while the insane amount of entrees available is impressive enough, it's the wild amount of cheesecake that really keeps people coming back. There are over 30 flavors with new ones always being introduced, including the latest: Chocolate Caramelicious Cheesecake made with Snickers.

Here at Delish we love a food mashup, so Snickers and cheesecake already seems like a perfect match. Just like the classic candy bar, this cheesecake is made with peanuts, caramel, nougat, and milk chocolate, so you're getting the same taste of a Snickers in a new, creative way.

The cheesecake starts off with a brownie crust and is made with original cheesecake swirled with Snickers so you'll get crunch in every bite. On top of the cheesecake is a layer of caramel and peanuts. Then, there's a layer of chocolate that is all topped with caramel and chocolate drizzle, chunks of Snickers, and heaping piles of whipped cream.

The Chocolate Caramelicious Cheesecake made with Snickers will be available at The Cheesecake Factory starting July 30. If you need more convincing that this Snickers cheesecake belongs in your life, ordering it will benefit a good cause. The Cheesecake Factory is donating $1 to Feeding America for each cheesecake ordered on July 30.

From there, for every slice of Snickers cheesecake ordered from July 31, 2020 to July 29, 2021, 25 cents will be donated to Feeding America, so this flavor really is the gift that keeps on giving.

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A New Cheesecake Is Coming To The Cheesecake Factory And Snickers Lovers Will Lose Their Minds For It - Yahoo Lifestyle

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I have never been a fan of canned tuna. As a child, I would reach for the pimento cheese or slap together a quick PBJ anytime tuna salad was in the works. Tuna aside, though, I always have canned proteins on hand for quick meals: mackerel (definitely), Spam (anytime), sardines (into them), octopus (yes, octopus!). But some of these ingredients, perhaps, miss the most appealing aspect of cooking with canned tuna: affordability.

So when our former editor Rhoda Bonne introduced this recipe using budget-friendly canned salmona product I hadn't previously triedI was stoked. In it, Rhoda turns canned salmon into burger patties that she loads up with roasted red peppers and various other pantry staples. The burgers (which clock in at a bit over $2 each) are slightly sweet, salty, and rich, and since they're cooked in a pan on the stove, they're a great option if you're without a grill this summer.

You can also form the salmon mixture into smaller patties and tuck them into lettuce wraps, or pile them into rice bowls. These versions are especially good if you happen to have some ripe avocado and shaved radish to slide in there, too.

The salmon (at $4.68 for four servings) and red peppers are the most expensive part of these burgers, but there are a few ways to curb that cost, if you'd like. First, you could marinate your own peppers (buy them on sale and make a big batch to have on hand for salmon burgers, romesco, or one of these other 14 dinner ideas). Second, if you have leftover grilled, roasted, or poached salmon that you haven't factored into your meal plan already, this is a great opportunity to use it: just flake it up and let it take the place of the canned stuff. And finally, always toss the ends of bread or the crusts that the kids don't eat into the freezer and turn them into homemade breadcrumbs instead of buying the canister.

The Breakdown

Canned Salmon: $4.68, Lemon: $.89; Roasted Red Peppers: $.85; Mayonnaise: $.80; Hamburger Buns: $.48; Mustard Seeds: $.30; Capers: $.29; Breadcrumbs: $.16; Vegetable Oil: $.06; ; Total: $8.51 ($2.13 per serving). For more on how Epicurious prices out recipes, click here.

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Use It Up

The canned salmon is usually available in 14.75-ounce cans, but you'll need 18 ounces for four patties. You could use the remainder of the second can to make at least two more patties, if you'd like, bumping up the other ingredients accordingly; or you could flake the remaining salmon into your favorite canned tuna recipe. You'll also have four buns leftover from an eight-pack. I highly recommend turning them into breakfast sandwiches. As for those extra capers, this riff on puttanesca is a great way to make your pantry items earn their keep.

Originally Appeared on Epicurious

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A Budget-Friendly Canned Fish Dinner That Doesn't Rely on Tuna - Yahoo Lifestyle

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Photo credit: Thinx

From Best Products

Managing your period can be a hassle that takes some trial and error to figure out, but we've found that Thinx Period Panties make the process a whole lot easier. From their full-bottom briefs to shape-flattering thongs, Thinx offers a wide array of underwear types that are perfect for that time of the month. Now you can add that extra security and comfort to your nighttime routine with Thinxs newest period-management product: Sleep Shorts.

At first glance, the Thinx Sleep Shorts might remind you of your favorite cozy pair that youd wear to bed or while lounging around your home. But what makes these shorts a period-management must-have are the built-in organic cotton Super Hiphugger undies that reach from the front all the way up your backside, offering you 360 degrees of leakage protection.

Designed with Thinx innovative technology that can securely hold up to four tampons worth of your flow about 36 milliliters you can easily replace your usual nighttime disposable period products. Made of luxuriously soft and comfortable micro-modal fabric, youll actually look forward to wearing them at bedtime instead of worrying about leaks throughout the night.

Lets be honest sleeping with thick, bulky pads can be very uncomfortable, and it limits your range of sleeping positions. Snoozing through 8 hours with a tampon can be both unreliable and highly questionable when it comes to vaginal health and wellness. Both options can lead to stain-causing leaks that are super tough to scrub out of your sheets, undies, and PJs. Thinx Sleep Shorts offer anyone who has periods the assuredness of ultimate, full-coverage protection during that pesky time of the month without compromising on comfort.

The shorts are available in black with white button accents as well as heather gray with black button accents, and range in sizes from extra-small to extra-large. The best part is that the shorts have actual, functioning pockets, which is obviously a must-have for proper lounging!

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For $50, you can get back to sleeping like a log, even when your Aunt Flo shows up for her monthly visit.

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Photo credit: Ben Watts

From Women's Health

Naomi Watts felt pretty good going into 2020. After spending the holidays in Australiawhere the 51-year-old actress spent part of her childhood and where some of her family still liveseating and drinking whatever her heart desired, she embarked on an anti-inflammation diet shes relied on numerous times in the past as a sort of reset. She cut out wheat, sugar, dairy, and alcohol. She worked out three to five times a week, alternating between boutique fitness classes, yoga, and personal-training sessions. After one month, she felt so good, she continued with the routine. She planned to keep it up through April, when she was due to start filming the first of three projects she had lined up for the year.

We all know what happened next. COVID came, and I was like, Nah, Im gonna have a glass of wine when I want, she says. Im stealing the kids Oreos. I never stop eating pasta. Were baking cakes, banana breadI dont ever want to see another piece of banana bread after this. She also started eating bacon again. I was closer to vegan before [this situation], she says.

Naomi has been homebound for six weeks when she FaceTimes me from Long Island, New York. Sitting in a directors chair, wearing a cream-colored sweatshirt, chunky-framed, cool-girl eyeglasses, and a blunt-cut bob, she looks every bit the leading woman in control. But shes the first to admit shes not, and shes fine with that.

These weeks have given the star of The Loudest Voice time to think about anxiety, uncertainty, and how to make the best of thingsthat is, when shes not homeschooling her children, Sasha, 13, and Samuel Kai, 11; cooking for the family; or finding ways to work with basically all film and television production shut down. All bets are off, she says, and I think thats just fine. Whatever you need to do, you do.

For Naomi, that means counterbalancing baked goods with sweat sessions, often in the form of The Class, an hour-long workout that merges calisthenics and plyometrics with a soundtrack of all-the-feels music and self-help guided instruction by creator Taryn Toomey. (Among Naomis fave messages: Start showing up. Breathe into yourself. What do you say when the road gets rough? When the sh*t hits the fan?) Taryn Toomey sometimes directs her students to shake their bodies and scream, to vocalize any tension they have stuck inside.

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Ive always liked to be physical, says Naomi, who grew up running and dancing. Im an active person. But I also love the outlet that Taryn creates. Its a get your freak on kind of thing. It doesnt feel like a traditional workout. You get to move your body, but you also get to shift your mind in a way thats really cathartic. She currently tunes in to livestreams about four times a week from an empty area [in the house] with a good-size mirror.

Naomi also does strength-training sessions created for her by her longtime Los Angelesbased personal trainer, Keith Anthony. Her go-to move: squats. I dont know all their names, she says, getting up out of her chair, but I just did this one the other day, where youre on one leg; can you see me? Indeed, I can: She demonstrates a pistol squat, in jeansa move that, after three sets of eight on each leg, renders her almost unable to walk up and down the stairs. Other loves: goblet squats with a 25-pound weight (three sets of 20, until I get to failure, she says) and jackknife crunches with a stability ball. Weve been told the endorphins keep you going and are great for anxiety and depression, she says. That all sounded good, but now, we really get to experience that.

She relies on other strategies for mental wellness too. Naomi has been open about seeking therapy: To prepare for the 2017 miniseries Gypsy, in which she plays a cognitive behavioral therapist who infiltrates the lives of her patients, Naomi did numerous sessions with, you guessed it, a cognitive behavioral therapist. I found the research very interesting, she says. It felt like a practical way of dealing with and managing specific issues within a certain time frame. Being able to improve or change your behavior by breaking patterns makes it tangible and beneficial. She also dug deep during the time she spent with her own therapist, whose guidance was particularly helpful during her separation from Liev Schreiber, her partner of 11 years and the father of her two children. Additionally, she uses meditation to help manage anxiety. More specifically, she practices a form of it called transcendental meditation (or TM), which involves repeating certain mantras to achieve a state of pure awarenessand shoots for 20-minute sessions every day. I try to keep it consistent. It 100 percent always makes me feel better.

Settling into the unknown (and pivoting) is becoming natural to her. The three projects she planned to shoot in 2020 remain up in the air, and shes hesitant to talk about them because she doesnt know what will be viable once its possible to gather the many necessary peoplecast, crew, hair, makeup, lightingon a set again. Two years ago, though, she branched out and invested in a business outside the entertainment industry: Naomi is a partner in Onda (wave, in Spanish), a nontoxic-skin-care store.

She first got interested in the concept when she went to visit a friend, former mag editor Larissa Thomson, and forgot to bring her toiletry bag. Thomson let Naomiwhose skin had suddenly become sensitive and prone to itchy, red, dry patchesborrow her face washes and creams, and she was blown away by the results. I think it was the combination of long workdays with lots of makeup applications, the chemicals in the products I was using at the time, and the hormonal changes I was going through, she says. Using clean products made an immediate difference.

Ideas and connections ensued, and Naomi introduced Thomson to longtime pal Sarah Bryden-Brown, thinking the two would make a good team. About a year after they launched Onda, a one-stop shop, Naomi joined the pair. I never planned to be in the day-to-day business of things, but over time, Ive gotten more involved, she says of testing new products and weighing in on how to grow the brand. Her role, however, has not come with a fussy 17-step skin-care routine. I dont cleanse in the morning, she says, though she does double-cleanse at night.

I just add moisturizer and serum, or a moisturizer with sunscreen.

And after face food, theres food food. Its three cups of coffee; an avocado toast around 11 a.m.; a big, crunchy salad for lunch (her go-to is arugula, feta, olive, tomato, cucumber, and avocado with a homemade dressing of garlic, olive oil, lemon, mustard, and vegenaise); and something hearty for dinner, like a Moroccan chickpea couscous or pasta puttanesca.

Of course, in her current world, theres also been a lot of mac and cheese and potato chips. And while shes not normally a dessert person, theres been a lot of cake too. Baking is an activity that shes found keeps her children happy even when theyre homebound. (Back to that love-hate relationship with banana bread!)

I got a few cake box mixes, she says. Normally, Ill go, Okay, now do this, dont let that go there, watch the eggs, be careful when youre separating, but now, Im like, Experiment. Do it. Make all the mess you want.

One upside of sheltering at home (besides endless cake-making) has been that the kids see more of both parents. Weve spent plenty of time together, she says, adding that she and Schreiber remain amicable by keeping the same goal in mind, which is the kids health and well-being.

Theres been a lot of family bonding, latelyNaomis brother, the photographer Ben Watts, shot her for the cover of this issue, in part because they were quarantining together. Naomi changed in the back of his truck and acted as her own glam squad. I FaceTimed with a hair and makeup person, she says, and mimes dusting her face with a brush. Im sitting there going, Okay, so where do I put this?

Ironically, in not putting too much pressure on herself right now, Naomi seems to have figured out how to be comfortable in her own skin in a very uncomfortable time. Im very impressed with these people who are saying, I cleaned out the pantry and color-coded my bookshelves and watched this documentary series and read this book, she says. Im finding that its hard to get through a lot of things. My attention span is just not as good as it could be, but I have had days where Ive had creative moments and conversations with people where weve actually come up with ideas.

There are ups and downs, she says, but the world is united for the first time in our lifetime. Thats a significant feeling. Its an optimistic sentiment that sheand the rest of uscan hold on to as we look toward the future. Leave it to Naomi to find the silver linings.

Photographed by Ben Watts Styled by Gabriela Langone Hair consultation: Ryan Trygstad using Rahua and Dyson tools. Makeup consultation: Katey Denno at The Wall Group.

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So, youve hired a nanny. Unlike your 15-year-old niece who charges you $10 an hour and as much of the ice cream in the fridge as she wants to watch your kid for an evening, your nanny is a professional and should be paid as such. That means accounting for payroll items such as taxes and benefits. This provides long-term protections and bonuses for both you and the person youre employing. The nanny gains access such benefits as Medicare and Social Security, while you know that you have everything buttoned up including nanny taxes come April 15th.

So how do you pay a nanny the right way and what paperwork needs to be filled out? Heres what you need to know.

If youre planning to pay your nanny more than $2,200 year or an average of at least $183 per month you need to pay taxes. And, yes, you should pay them. In fact, both you and your nanny are in a better position when you pay and report taxes with tax breaks for you and benefits for them. Its also the law.

We do it not just to follow the law but because it is the morally right thing to do, says father and employment law expertMichael Oswalt, Associate Professor at Northern Illinois University College of Law. Nannies are employees, not independent contractors.

Because all of our employment protections hinge on employment status, Oswalt adds, misclassifying a nanny denies them the few safety net protections that exist. In-home care work is already precarious and often poorly paid, he says. Misclassification compounds the vulnerability. Why do that to anyone especially to someone caring for your child?

Paying nanny taxes qualifies your nanny for healthcare subsidies, unemployment benefits should they lose their job due to no fault of their own (i.e. a pandemic), verifiable employment history for applying for loans, and Social Security and Medicare for when they retire.

In addition to potential tax savings, paying nanny taxes lets you rest easy that the IRS wont come knocking. If you get caught for not paying like when your former nanny applies for unemployment after your kid enters school full-time and the unemployment office sees you havent paid any taxes you can expect an audit, back taxes plus penalties and interest, and potentially tax evasion charges.That doesnt end well for anyone.

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Now that youre convinced you should pay nanny taxes, theres a bit of paperwork to tackle. While it depends, the most likely scenario is that paperwork is needed for both Federal and State taxes.

Many employment laws vary by state, so the protections provided by employee status can differ, Oswalt says. For instance, in Illinois where Oswalt resides, he is required to provide their nanny with paid sick leave. Thats not true elsewhere.

A service likeCare.coms HomePaywill take care of most of the details (direct deposit, generating the W-2, apportion all the taxes, tell you if you need to buy workers comp, etc.), but if youre going the DIY route, its important to follow these steps:

1. Get an EIN and Fill Out an I-9, a W-4, and a State Withholding Form

As your nannys employer, you need a federal Employer Identification Number (EIN).Apply for one online.Your nanny should fill out anI-9, afederal W-4 form (PDF), and a state withholding form if your state collects income tax.

2. Pay Your Nannys Salary

Tally your nannys hours, multiply it by their hourly rate, and add overtime pay to get the gross (pre-tax) amount you owe. Subtract Social Security and Medicare taxes, income taxes, and any other state or local taxes that may apply generally about 10 percent of gross pay. The net is your nannys take-home pay, so cut that check.

3. Pay Nanny Taxes

What you deducted from your nannys pay is what you need to send to the IRS and your states tax agency.Pay your estimated federal taxes (1040) online or by maildo it every three months to avoid underpayment penalties and interest. Your states requirements may differ, so double check them and pay that, too, if necessary.

4. Prep for Tax Filing

Once the year ends, youll need to complete a few more forms for Aprils tax deadline. Provide your nanny aW-2 for their income tax returns andfile a W-2 Copy A and W-3 with the Social Security Administration. You may also need to fill out an Annual Reconciliation Form if your state requires it. Finally, youll need to submit aSchedule H, which allows you to report household employment taxes, with your federal income tax return.

Are you using a nanny share service to split childcare costs with another family? Youll both need to follow the steps above to establish yourselves as household employers with the IRS and your state, pay the nanny separately, and withhold and remit the appropriate taxes to the IRS and state. And make sure the combined rates youre paying add up to the minimum wage in your area.

Following the rules when it comes to paying a nanny or caretaker fairly and by the books ensures that they receive all the legal benefits of the work they do. These employees often become members of the family; its important to see that they are given the most you can give.

The post How to Pay a Nanny the Right Way appeared first on Fatherly.

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From Oprah Magazine

Lin-Manuel Miranda's hit musical Hamilton is available to watch on Disney+.

It depicts the animosity, rivalry, and subsequent duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr, two instrumental figures in the founding of the United States.

In the film (and the original run of the play) Burr is played by Leslie Odom Jr., for which he won a 2016 Tony Award.

The rivalry between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr is one of the animating forces of Lin-Manuel Miranda's Hamilton, now streaming on Disney+, culminating in the duel that takes Hamilton's life in Act II. But there's much more to Burr's story after those fateful shots were fired on July 11, 1804.

The two Founding Fathers had longstanding bad blood due to their political differences. Their mutual disdain affected both of their political careers and led not only to the end of Hamilton's life, but irrevocable changes to Burr's.

As Hamilton explores in detail, Burr and Hamilton's relationship was highly contentious. They were both rising political stars and Revolutionary War heroes, but saw eye-to-eye on little.

Burr, a member of the Democratic-Republican Party had more progressive polices than Hamilton, who was a Federalist. The former supported immigrant and women's rights, as well as a broader voting franchise. But Hamilton felt Burr was politically unprincipled and willing to change his beliefs based on what was most personally advantageous, according to History.com.

The two clashed in elections, as Burr beat Hamilton's father-in-law to secure a Senate seat in 1791, and Hamilton worked to undermine Burr's presidential run in 1800. With Burr and Thomas Jefferson tied at the ballot, Hamilton petitioned for Congress to go with Jefferson, which they ultimately did (though it's unclear what, if any, effect Hamilton's actions actually had).

When Burr became aware he would not be picked as Thomas Jefferson's vice president for his reelection campaign, he ran for Governor of New York, another election he lost in part due to criticism from Hamilton.

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After exchanging confrontational letters, a duel was organized between the two in Weehawken, New Jersey on July 11. Burr hoped that winning the duel would reinvigorate his stagnant political career, according to PBS, and was also incensed over a "despicable opinion" Hamilton shared about him to guests at a dinner party.

Though impossible to confirm, many believe that Hamilton missed his first shot of the duel deliberately, while Burr shot to kill from the very beginning. That helped turn the public sentiment against Burr, as historian David Hosack noted.

Per History.com, deaths in these sorts of duels were rare, and the public was upset by the passing of a figure as instrumental as Hamilton. Burr was able to serve the remainder of his term as vice president, despite being charged with two counts of murder.

When Burr left the vice presidential office in 1805, he was disgraced, and in his desperation came up with an elaborate scheme to establish a new country by taking control of the Louisiana territory, a move now known as The Burr Conspiracy. He collaborated with Army General James Wilkinson, who was also Governor of Northern Louisiana, and contacted several European countries to see if they would support his plan with money and manpower.

Burr's daughter, Theodosia, who is the subject of the Hamilton song "Dear Theodosia," and her husband Joseph Alston went to assist Burr in forming this new colony, and the plan was for Theodosia to eventually succeed her father as its leader, Atlas Obscura reports.

The plan crumbled, as Wilkinson eventually bowed out in order to preserve his career, and rumors about Burr's treasonous ways spread to the newspapers. Burr was apprehended just north of New Orleans at Bayou Pierre, and he eventually faced trial for treason in 1807.

Thomas Jefferson testified against Burr, saying his "guilt is placed beyond all measure." Still, Burr was not found guilty, despite both the Jefferson testimony and the presentation of a coded letter describing the plan that he sent to Wilkinson (known as the Cipher Letter). The acquittal was due in large part to Supreme Court Justice John Marshall's rigid definition of what counted as treason.

Fearing more legal charges in states around the country, Burr spent several years in Europe, apparently attempting to get England or France to participate in a North American invasion. Theodosia apparently was instrumental in getting him out of the country.

He returned to the States in 1812, becoming a lawyer in New York and living out his days in relative obscurity. Burr was briefly remarried to Eliza Jumel in 1833, but was divorced because he was reportedly recklessly spending her money on land speculation. The divorce was granted on the very day Burr died in 1836, and Jumel used Alexander Hamilton, Jr. as her lawyer.

When Burr died, he was partially paralyzed.

In his final years, Burr was financially dependent on his friends, and he suffered multiple strokes that ultimately left him partially paralyzed. He finally died in September 1836 at the age of 80 in the care of a cousin on Staten Island, New York.

Though some have lobbied for the public to celebrate Aaron Burr's life and accomplishments, his legacy was forever altered by the murder of Hamilton and his subsequent treasonous actions.

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Is it a bird? Is it a plane? No, its Codecasas new Jet 2020, which takes aviation-inspired design and applies it to a 230-foot superyacht. The latest creation from the Italian shipyard is the epitome of cross-pollination design in the 21st century.

Due to begin construction later this year, the 230-footer will become the shipyards new flagship. The project is the brainchild of Fulvio Codecasa, who has owned the Viareggio-based shipyard for the past 40 years. The Codecasa family, in fact, has been in the boat-building business since 1825.

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While the shipyard is known for its custom designs, the Jet 2020 is unlike any other yacht it has ever built. By applying an aircrafts lines to a yachts hull, Codecasa said he wants to set a unique example that he hopes will ignite a trend.

Aeronautical design features include the rounded forward section of the yacht, with a helm area that resembles an airplanes cockpit. The central section of the superstructure is more akin to a fuselage with a sundeck, while the aft end ticks up to echo the tail of an aircraft. The main benefit of this aviation-inspired shape is large internal volume, says Codecasa, describing the interior as huge.

The aft beach club at sea level is possibly the most stylish section of the yacht. It has an elevator and is connected to a sky lounge. With floor-to-ceiling windows in the main salon and dining area, the views promise to be unrivaled. A helipad sits atop, so the owners can indulge in real flight, too. When heading ashore, a double tender area with the look of a jet engine is located along the side of the yacht.

The bow area on the main deck is dedicated to the owners suite. There are four guest cabins on the lower deck. For those looking to maximize outdoor time, the sundeck is a massive 66 feet by 33 feet, with a covered gym, sunbathing pads and a 20-foot recessed swimming pool.

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While the majority of the yachts technical information has yet to be revealed, Codecasa says the Jet2020 will have other aviation-inspired tech features, like radar antennas installed inside a carbon-fiber dome. He said they will be designed in the typical style of the AWACS aircraft, the Boeing E-3 Sentry.

The Jet2020 will be built to Lloyds and MCA standards, so it can be registered under the most important international certification flags.

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NEW YORK (AP) The last few weeks I spent in New York City, the soundtrack of my days went like this: police helicopters circling, firecrackers startling, uniform chants for justice rising into the air.

The noise was constant particularly following what had been months of silence as the city that never sleeps went into a deep slumber. Since mid-March, the only sound we'd heard came from ambulances carrying the thousands of people who would become victims to a startling virus as the city became the epicenter.

I had dreamt of living in New York City since I was 13. I had come here from Southern California for the first time with my middle school choir class. We stayed in a hotel near Times Square, and I remembered the noise the constant, looping sound of a city in motion. The subway rumbled underneath our feet as New Yorkers existed outside, creating a cacophony.

It was beautiful. I remember thinking: This is what life must sound like.

Now, more than a decade later, my time with New York is limited but also, somehow infinite. The days now have no beginning or end. We are not working from home but, rather, living at work. And now I find myself with too much time to recollect about a whirlwind romance with the only place I have ever felt at home.

In a 1967 essay, Goodbye to All That, Joan Didion wrote: I am not sure that it is possible for anyone brought up in the East to appreciate entirely what New York, the idea of New York, means to those of us who came out of the West and the South.

In many ways, I am so lucky. I got to have New York City for three beautiful and challenging years. For some, that may seem short, but I came alive here. I moved into a 300-square-foot apartment in the East Village in the summer of 2017, and life as I knew it changed.

I attended my dream school in New York. I met the girl who is now my best friend at a coffee shop near Washington Square Park. I fell in love for the first time while waiting for a table on the Upper West Side. I had my first national byline on the third floor of 30 Rock. I experienced my first heartbreak in an apartment deep in Bushwick. I graduated with my masters on a blistering hot summer day at Yankee Stadium.

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I moved to four apartments in three years. I cried on every train line in the city's subway system but one. I truly lived in New York. And now, as the city is battered and broken down, as buildings remain closed and most stores are boarded up, I am leaving. Not because of the virus, but to start a new job.

Like many, I have spent these past three months mourning the life we had before this virus. The memories and lives lost. But I am also mourning the noise of a city in motion. And now, I wonder, will the sidewalks of New York ever be filled to the brim again? Will there be a day when the neighborhood barber shops, restaurants, and dive bars are busy again?

I dont know. But I know one thing. The other night, as protests erupted in each of the citys five boroughs, a beautiful sound poured into the corners and crevices of my Brooklyn neighborhood. It interrupted the chants, the helicopters and the fireworks. It was the sound of Martin Luther King Jr.s I Have A Dream speech.

It echoed off the brownstones and spilled into the bodegas. It was the new soundtrack of a city in motion.

___

Virus Diary, an occasional feature, showcases the coronavirus pandemic through the eyes of Associated Press journalists around the world. Farnoush Amiri works for the AP/Report for America Statehouse News Initiative. Report for America is a nonprofit national service program that places journalists in local newsrooms to report on undercovered issues. Follow her on Twitter at http://twitter.com/FarnoushAmiri

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Photo credit: Burger King; Peep THIS Out!

From Best Products

As much as wed like to drink a giant dessert every day, we know thats not what our bodies need. Thats why were onboard for Burger Kings new Mini Shakes. Theyre the perfect size for treating yourself and satisfying your sweet tooth without risking a serious stomachache.

The Mini Shakes appear to be rolling out at the fast food spot, as spotted by Peep THIS Out!, a YouTube channel that mostly reviews fast food items. The host is based in Southern California and was among the first to find the Oreo Mint McFlurry, which was later unveiled as the Oreo Shamrock McFlurry. So we have hope that the Mini Shakes will roll out across the country.

The new summer sip comes in chocolate, vanilla, and strawberry flavors, which are already on the menu in regular sizes. The 9-ounce cups are filled with a mix of soft-serve and syrup, and are topped with whipped cream, as described by Peep THIS Out!. The best part is that each Mini Shake is just $1, making it a cant-refuse deal.

If youve already had a milkshake from Burger King, then you know how tasty they are. So its nice to have the option of getting a miniature one for the days where you dont want that much sweetness. Or, if you cant decide which flavor to get, now theres no reason not to get two!

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Hitachi, Ltd and ThinkCyte, Inc. announced that they have entered into a collaboration focused on developing an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven cell analysis and sorting system. Hitachi and ThinkCyte are promoting collaboration with pharmaceutical companies and research institutes working in the field of regenerative medicine and cell therapy to expedite the development of the system toward commercialization.

Founded in 2016 and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, ThinkCyte, is a biotechnology company that develops life science research, diagnostics, and treatments using integrated multidisciplinary technologies. It has been performing research and development focused on high-throughput single cell analysis and sorting technology to precisely analyze and isolate target cells. ThinkCyte has developed the Ghost Cytometry technology to achieve high-throughput and high-content single cell sorting and has been conducting collaborative research projects with multiple pharmaceutical companies and research institutes to utilize this technology in life science and medical fields.

Hitachi has been providing large-scale automated induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell culture equipment, cell processing facilities (CPFs), manufacturing execution systems(MES), and biosafety cabinets among other products to pharmaceutical companies and research institutes, and has developed a value chain to meet a variety of customer needs in the regenerative medicine and cell therapy industry. Hitachi has also been carrying out collaborative research projects with universities, research institutes, and other companies to develop core technologies for pharmaceutical manufacturing instruments and in vitro diagnostic medical devices, prototyping for mass production, and working on manufacturing cost reduction and the development of stable and reliable instruments.

Hitachi and ThinkCyte have initiated a joint development of the AI-driven cell analysis and sorting system based on their respective technologies, expertise, and know-how. By combining ThinkCyte's high-throughput and high-content label-free single cell sorting technology and Hitachi's know-how and capability to producing stably operative instruments on a large scale, the two companies will together develop a novel reliable system to enable high-speed label-free cell isolation with high accuracy, which has been difficult to achieve with the existing cell sorting techniques, and to realize stable, low-cost and large-scale production of cells for regenerative medicine and cell therapy.

Hitachi and ThinkCyte will further advance partnerships with pharmaceutical companies and research institutes that have been developing and manufacturing regenerative medicines and cell therapy products in Japan and other countries where demand is expected to be significant, such as North America, in order to make this technology a platform for the production of regenerative medicines and cell therapy products.

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Linda Chamberlain works just down the hallway from her husband. She walks past him every day. Occasionally she'll stop by to check in on him and say hello.

The only problem is, Fred Chamberlain has been dead for eight years. Shortly after he was pronounced legally dead from prostate cancer, Fred was cryopreserved -- his body was filled with a medical-grade antifreeze, cooled to minus 196 degrees Celsius and carefully lowered into a giant vat of liquid nitrogen.

So when Linda visits Fred, she talks to him through the insulated, stainless-steel wall of a 10-foot-tall preservation chamber. And he's not alone in there. Eight people reside in that massive cylinder along with him, and more than 170 are preserved in similar chambers in the same room. All of them elected to have their bodies stored in subzero temperatures, to await a future when they could be brought back to life. Cryonically preserved in the middle of the Arizona desert.

This story is part of Hacking the Apocalypse, CNET's documentary series on the tech saving us from the end of the world.

Linda Chamberlain is cheerful as she shows me her husband's perhaps-not-final resting place. She places her hand on the cool steel and gives it a loving pat. Being in a room with 170 dead people isn't morbid to her.

"It makes me feel happy," she says. "Because I know that they have the potential to be restored to life and health. And I have the potential of being with them again."

Alcor proclaims itself a world leader in cryonics, offering customers the chance to preserve their bodies indefinitely, until they can be restored to full health and function through medical discoveries that have yet to be made. For the low price of $220,000, Alcor is selling the chance to live a second life.

It's a slim chance.

Critics say cryonics is a pipe dream, no different from age-old chimeras like the fountain of youth. Scientists say there's no way to adequately preserve a human body or brain, and that the promise of bringing a dead brain back to life is thousands of years away.

But Alcor is still selling that chance. And ever since Linda and Fred Chamberlain founded the Alcor Life Extension Foundation back in 1972, Linda has watched Alcor's membership swell with more people wanting to take that chance. More than 1,300 people have now signed up to have their bodies sent to Alcor instead of the graveyard.

And when her time is up, Linda Chamberlain plans to join them.

Photographs of "patients" line the walls of Alcor's offices.

From the outside, Alcor's facilities don't look like the kind of place you'd come to live forever.

When I arrived at the company's headquarters, a nondescript office block in Scottsdale, Arizona, a short drive out of Phoenix, I expected something grander. After all, this is a place that's attempting to answer the question at the heart of human existence: Can we cheat death?

I've come here to find out why someone would choose cryonics. What drives someone to reject the natural order of life and death, and embrace an end that's seen by many, scientists and lay people alike, as the stuff of science fiction?

But after a short time at Alcor, I realize the true believers here don't see cryonics as a way to cheat death. They don't even see death as the end.

"Legal death only really means that your heart and your lungs have stopped functioning without intervention," Linda Chamberlain tells me. "It doesn't mean your cells are dead, it doesn't mean even your organs are dead."

Alcor refers to the people preserved in its facilities as "patients" for that very reason -- it doesn't consider them to be dead.

In Chamberlain's view, the idea of death as an "on-off switch" is outdated. People that died 100 years ago could well have been saved by modern medical interventions that we take for granted in the 21st century. So what about 100 years from now? Alcor hopes that by pressing pause on life, its patients might be revived when medical technology has improved.

"Our best estimates are that within 50 to 100 years, we will have the medical technologies needed to restore our patients to health and function," says Chamberlain.

We're killing people who could potentially be preserved. We're just throwing them in the ground so they can be eaten by worms and bacteria.

Alcor CEO Max More

Alcor CEO Max More agrees. In his view, cryonics is about giving people who die today a second chance. And he says our current views about death and burial are robbing people of a potential future.

"We're killing people who could potentially be preserved," More says. "We're just throwing them in the ground so they can be eaten by worms and bacteria, or we're burning them up. And to me, that's kind of crazy when we could give them a chance if they want it.

"If you think about life insurance, it's actually death insurance -- it pays out on death. This really is life insurance. It's a backup plan."

An early copy of Cryonics magazine sits in Alcor's offices, showing the inside of one of its preservation chambers.

Alcor hasn't exactly mapped out how its patients will be brought back to full function and health, or what revival technologies the future will bring. Its website speaks about the possibility of molecular nanotechnology -- that is, using microscopic nano-robots to "replace old damaged chromosomes with new ones in every cell."

But that level of cellular regeneration isn't something Alcor is working on. The company is in the business of selling preservation, but it's not developing the technologies for restoration. In fact, no one currently working at Alcor is likely to be responsible for reviving patients. That responsibility will be handed on to the next generation (and potentially many more generations after that) -- scientists of some undetermined time in the future, who will have developed the technology necessary to reverse the work that Alcor is doing now. It seems like a convenient gap for cryonics: Sell the promise in the present without the burden of proving the end result.

Our goal is to have reversible suspended animation, just like in the movies. We want it to be that perfect.

Alcor founder Linda Chamberlain

Chamberlain herself admits the future is ultimately unclear and that they "don't know how powerful the revival technologies are going to be." But she does know the end result Alcor is aiming for.

"Our goal is to have reversible suspended animation, just like in the movies," she says. "We want it to be that perfect. We're not there yet, but we're always working on improving our techniques."

The science behind cryonics is unproven. The procedures are highly experimental. No human -- specifically, no human brain -- has been brought back from death or from a state of postmortem preservation. Alcor points to research in worms and the organs of small mammals that it says indicates the potential for cryonics. There are famous names associated with the movement (Alcor admits famed baseballer Ted Williams is a patient), but there aren't exactly any human success stories who've awoken from cryonic preservation to hit the motivational speaking circuit.

James Bedford, the first man to enter cryonic suspension, according to Alcor. Bedford was preserved in a "cryocapsule" in 1967 (five years before Alcor was founded), before being transferred into Alcor's facilities in 1991.

Even More isn't making any promises. He acknowledges that the company may not even exist when it comes time for its patients to wake up.

"There are no guarantees," he says. "We're not promising to bring you back on May 27th, 2082, or whatever. We don't know officially this will work. We don't know for sure that the organization [Alcor] will survive... We don't know if an asteroid will land on us. There's no guarantees. But it's a shot. It's an opportunity. And it just seems to be better than the alternative."

The way the Alcor team sees it, you have a better chance of waking up from here than you do if you're sent to the crematorium.

One of the central questions of cryonics is how you preserve a dead body if you hope to revive it.

Even if they don't know exactly when or how patients will be brought back, the team at Alcor knows one thing is vital: They need to preserve as much of the brain and body as perfectly as possible.

While they may be clinically dead when they arrive in the operating room, Alcor's "patients" are intubated and kept on ice while a mechanical thumper (shown here on a dummy) keeps blood flowing around the body, all in a bid to preserve the body as thoroughly as possible.

That life-saving mortuary practice takes place inside Alcor's operating room -- a sort of hospital-meets-morgue where the organization prepares bodies for "long-term care."

When patients come through the doors at Alcor, they've already been pronounced legally dead. Ideally, they haven't had to travel far to get here and they've had their body put on ice as soon as possible after clinical death. According to Chamberlain, that hypothermia is vital for "slowing down the dying process." I didn't think I'd hear someone say that about a dead person.

During the first stages of cryonic preservation, bodies are "perfused" with a medical-grade antifreeze, all in a bid to prevent ice crystals forming. From here, the body vitrifies, rather than freezing.

(I also didn't expect to see a dead person in the operating room. At least, that's what I thought when I saw a human dummy waiting in the ice bath by the door. One of Alcor's employees picked up the dummy's hand to wave at me and I genuinely think that moment shortened my life span by two years.)

The ice bath is the first step in the preservation process, and it's here where the patient is placed in a kind of post-death life support. Drugs are administered to slow down metabolic processes, the body is intubated to maintain oxygen levels, and a mechanical thumper pumps the heart to ensure blood keeps flowing around the body.

The team then prepares the body to be cooled down to its permanent storage temperature. The blood is replaced with cryoprotectant (think of it like medical-grade antifreeze), which is pumped through the veins, all in a bid to (surprisingly) prevent the body freezing.

Freezing might sound like the natural end goal of cryopreservation, but it's actually incredibly damaging. Our bodies are made up of about 50 to 60% water, and when this water starts to freeze, it forms ice crystals which damage the body's organs and veins.

But if that water is replaced with cryoprotectant, Alcor says it can slowly reduce temperatures so the body vitrifies -- turning into a kind of glass-like state, rather than freezing. From here, the body is placed in a giant stainless steel chamber, known as a dewar. And Alcor says a cryopreserved body can be stored in this "long-term care" for decades.

I missed something when I first walked into the operating room. At the back, behind the ice bath and medical instruments (including surgical scissors and, chillingly, unexplained saws), there's a clear box, about the size of a milk crate, with a circular metal ring clamped inside.

It's a box for human heads.

This is designed for patients who've elected to preserve their head only, removed from the body from the collarbone up. These preserved heads are referred to as "neuro patients."

This small perspex box in the Alcor operating room is used to clamp human heads in place for cryopreservation.

If putting my whole body on ice was a bridge too far, then cutting off and preserving my head is beyond anything I can fathom. But it's a choice some of Alcor's patients make. The neuro patients are stored in small, barrel-sized vats while they wait for long-term care. The moment I lifted the lid on one of these vats -- nitrogen gas billowing out, human head obscured just inches below -- will stay with me forever.

Each preservation chamber can hold four bodies (positioned with the head at the bottom, to keep the brain as cool as possible) and five "neuro patients" stacked down the center.

It's cheaper if you elect to preserve just your head. Alcor charges only $80,000 for the head, compared with $220,000 for the full body. But there are also pragmatic reasons for choosing this more selective form of cryonic preservation.

When Alcor cryopreserves a body, the main priority is to preserve the brain and cause as little damage as possible. After all, the brain is not only the center of cognitive function, but also long-term memory. Essentially everything that makes you who you are.

You might be attached to your body now (both figuratively and literally), but many people at Alcor believe that, by the time medical science has advanced enough to bring a person back to life, their full body won't be needed. Whether you're regenerating a human body from DNA found in the head or uploading a person's consciousness to a new physical body, if we reach a point where cryonic preservation can be reversed, potentially hundreds of years in the future, your 20th or 21st century body will be outdated hardware.

That's certainly a view Linda Chamberlain takes. When she goes, only her head will stay.

"There's a lot of DNA in all that tissue and material," she says of the human head. "A new body can be grown for you from your own DNA. It's just a new, beautiful body that hasn't aged and hasn't had damage from disease."

In fact, when Chamberlain thinks of her future body, she doesn't want to limit herself to the kind of human form she has now.

"I hope that I won't have a biological body, but I'll have a body made out of nanobots," she tells me. "I can be as beautiful as I want to be. I won't be old anymore."

I hope that I won't have a biological body, but I'll have a body made out of nanobots.

Alcor founder Linda Chamberlain

I tell her she's already beautiful. She laughs.

"But if you have a nanobot swarm, it can reconfigure itself any way you want!" she replies, completely serious. "If I want to go swimming in the ocean, I have to worry about sharks. But after I have my nanobots body, if I want to go swimming in the ocean, I can just reconfigure myself to be like an orca, a killer whale. And then the sharks have to look out for me."

Waking up 100 years from now as a fully reconfigurable, shark-hunting nanobot orca sounds like fun.

But this kind of future is possible only if the process of going into cryonic preservation doesn't damage your brain. The brain is a staggeringly complex organ, and storing it at subzero temperatures for decades at a time has the potential to cause serious cellular damage.

And according to some scientists, that's the main issue with cryonics. Before you even get to the issue of reanimation, they say, cryonics doesn't come close to delivering on the promise of preservation.

Surgical instruments in Alcor's operating room.

Neuroscientist Ken Hayworth is one expert who's highly skeptical. Hayworth isn't opposed to preservation -- he was a member of Alcor before he left to found the Brain Preservation Foundation with the goal of building dialogue between cryonicists and the broader scientific community. He wants brain preservation to be a respected field of scientific study. And in 2010, he laid down a challenge to help build that credibility.

"[We] put out a very concrete challenge that said, 'Hey, cryonics community, prove to us that you can at least preserve those structures of the brain that neuroscience knows are critical to long-term memory, meaning the synaptic connectivity of the brain," he says.

"The cryonics community, unfortunately, has not met the bare minimum requirements of that prize."

Hayworth says he's seen examples of animal brains preserved using techniques very similar to what cryonics companies say they use, but the samples showed a significant number of dead cells.

"I take that to mean that there was probably a lot of damage to those structures that encode memory," he says. "It was like, 'We're looking at something that doesn't look right at all.'"

We're looking at something that doesn't look right at all.

Ken Hayworth

However, Hayworth has seen a technique that successfully preserved a brain so well that it was awarded the Brain Preservation Prizeby his foundation. This prize recognized a team of researchers for preserving synapses across the whole brain of a pig. But the technique, known as "aldehyde stabilized cryopreservation," has two limitations that differ from the promise of cryonics. Firstly, it requires the brain to be filled with gluteraldehyde, a kind of embalming fluid, which means the brain can never be revived. And secondly? It's a lethal process that needs to be conducted while a mammal is living.

"It almost instantly glues together all the proteins in the brain," says Hayworth. "Now you're as dead as a rock at that point. You ain't coming back. But the advantage of that is it glues all of them in position, it doesn't destroy information."

Retaining that information is vital because, according to Hayworth, it could allow you to re-create a person's mind in the future. Forget transplanting your head onto a new body. Hayworth says the information from a preserved brain could potentially be scanned and uploaded into another space, such as a computer, allowing you to live on as a simulation.

You might not be a walking, talking human like you once were. But, in Hayworth's view, that's not the only way to live again.

"I think there's plenty of reason to suspect that future technologies will be able to bring somebody back -- future technologies like brain scanning, and mind uploading and brain simulation."

Being preserved long enough (and well enough) that you can live on as a simulation may be one of the end goals that cryonicists hope to achieve.

But there are plenty of critics who say we won't reach that point anytime soon. They say there's no way to know whether cryonics adequately preserves the brain, because we don't fully understand how the mind works, let alone how to physically preserve its complexity.

Ken Miller is a professor of neuroscience and co-director of the Center for Theoretical Neuroscience at Columbia University in New York. He's spent his life trying to understand the complexity of the human brain.

"Some people say [the brain] is the most complicated thing in the universe," says Miller.

"The most basic answer to how the brain works is, we don't know. We know how a lot of pieces work ... but we're very far from understanding the system."

It's at least thousands of years before we would know and really understand how the brain works.

Ken Miller

According to Miller, while we know a lot about parts of the brain -- how the neurons function, how electrical signals travel to the brain -- the complete picture is still a mystery.

"In my opinion, it's at least thousands of years before we would know and really understand how the brain works to the point where you could take all the pieces ... and put it back together and make a mind out of it," says Miller.

"It's just the complexity. Levels and levels and levels and levels -- it's beyond the imagination."

And what if we reach that point? What if, a thousand years from now, science was capable of restoring my cryonically preserved brain and uploading it to some kind of simulator -- would I still be me?

Sitting in his office, I put the question to Miller. And in the kind of meta way that I've realized is normal when speaking to a professor of theoretical neuroscience, I see the cogs of his mind working. His brain, thinking about another brain, living on as a simulated brain. My brain is melting.

"I think so, but it's a funny question," he says. "Because of course, if it was all information that you got up into a computer... making something feel like Claire, we could have a million of them on a million different machines. And each of them would feel like Claire.

"But immediately, just like twins -- immediately, identical twins start having divergent experiences and becoming different people. And so all the different Claires would immediately start having different experiences and becoming different Claires."

Back in Arizona, with the vision of a million computerized versions of myself enslaving the human race far from my mind, the promise of cryonics still feels like a dream.

I'm walking through the long-term care room as waterfalls of fog cascade from the cryonic chambers. These dewars need to be regularly refilled with liquid nitrogen to make sure patients stay at the perfect temperature, and today's the day they're getting topped up.

As I slowly step through the fog, stainless steel chambers loom large around me. Visibility drops, so I can barely see my outstretched hand in front of my face. For just the tiniest moment, as my feet disappear beneath me and I'm surrounded by reflections on reflections of white vapor, I lose my bearings. I feel like I'm having an out-of-body experience.

Walking through Alcor's long-term preservation room is a surreal experience.

It lasts an instant and, just like that, I'm back in the room. Surrounded by 170 dead people.

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Cryonics, brain preservation and the weird science of cheating death - CNET

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, Calif., July 07, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Allogene Therapeutics Inc. (Nasdaq: ALLO), a clinical-stage biotechnology company pioneering the development of allogeneic CAR T (AlloCAR T) therapies for cancer, today announced the appointment ofThomas F. Gajewski, M.D., Ph.D., and Stephan Grupp, M.D., Ph.D. to itsScientific Advisory Board(SAB).The SAB comprises experts across oncology, immunology, cell therapy, and drug discovery and development.

We areprivileged to welcome Drs. Gajewski and Grupp to our Scientific Advisory Board, saidRafael Amado, M.D., Executive Vice President of Research & Development and Chief Medical Officer of Allogene. The additions of Dr. Gajewski and Dr. Grupp further enhance what has become one of the most distinguished cell therapy SABs in the industry and is an important component of our strategy to lead the development of allogeneic cell therapies today and tomorrow.

New Allogene SAB members:

The new advisors join existing SAB members, Chairman Ton Schumacher, Ph.D.,Donald B. Kohn, M.D., Malcolm K. Brenner, M.D., Ph.D.,Matthew Porteus, M.D., Ph.D., Owen Witte, M.D., Stephen J. Forman, M.D., and Wendell Lim, Ph.D.

About Allogene TherapeuticsAllogene Therapeutics, with headquarters inSouth San Francisco, is a clinical-stagebiotechnology company pioneering the development of allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor Tcell (AlloCAR T) therapies for cancer. Led by a management team with significantexperience in cell therapy, Allogene is developing a pipeline of off-the-shelf CAR T cell therapycandidates with the goal of delivering readily available cell therapy on-demand, more reliably, and atgreater scale to more patients. For more information, please visitwww.allogene.com, and follow @AllogeneTx on Twitter and LinkedIn.

Cautionary Note on Forward-Looking Statements for Allogene This press release contains forward-looking statements for purposes of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The press release may, in some cases, use terms such as "predicts," "believes," "potential," "proposed," "continue," "estimates," "anticipates," "expects," "plans," "intends," "may," "could," "might," "will," "should" or other words that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes to identify these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include statements regarding intentions, beliefs, projections, outlook, analyses or current expectations concerning, among other things: the ability to develop allogeneic CAR T therapies for cancer and the potential benefits of AlloCAR T therapy. Various factors may cause differences between Allogenes expectations and actual results as discussed in greater detail in Allogenes filings with the SEC, including without limitation in its Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020. Any forward-looking statements that are made in this press release speak only as of the date of this press release. Allogene assumes no obligation to update the forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date of this press release.

Kymriah is a registered trademark of Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation.AlloCAR T is a trademark of Allogene Therapeutics, Inc.

Allogene Media/Investor Contact:Christine CassianoChief Communications Officer(714) 552-0326Christine.Cassiano@allogene.com

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Allogene Therapeutics Adds Immunotherapy Luminaries, Thomas F. Gajewski, MD, Ph.D., and Stephan Grupp, MD, Ph.D., to its Scientific Advisory Board -...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

The Gene Therapy report provides independent information about the Gene Therapy industry supported by extensive research on factors such as industry segments size & trends, inhibitors, dynamics, drivers, opportunities & challenges, environment & policy, cost overview, porters five force analysis, and key companies profiles including business overview and recent development.

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Gene Therapy Market Size Analysis and Growth (2020-2025) 3w Market News Reports - 3rd Watch News

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

We are unleashing our nations scientific brilliance and will likely have a therapeutic and/or vaccine solution long before the end of the year.

Donald Trump, July 4

Next week administration officials plan to promote a new study they say shows promising results on therapeutics, the officials said. They wouldnt describe the study in any further detail because, they said, its disclosure would be market-moving.

NBC News, July 3

Somethings cooking. And its not just July 4 leftovers involving stale buns and uneaten hot dogs.

Over the long weekend observers picked up signs that the focus in the Trump administration may swiftly shift from the bright spotlight on vaccines being promised this fall, around the time of the election, to include drugs that could possibly keep patients out of the hospital and take the political sting out of the soaring Covid-19 numbers causing embarrassment in states that swiftly reopened as Trump cheered along.

So far, Gilead has been the chief beneficiary of the drive on drugs, swiftly offering enough early data to get remdesivir an emergency authorization and into the hands of the US government. But their drug, while helpful in cutting stays, is known for a limited, modest effect. And that wont tamp down on the hurricane of criticism thats been tearing at the White House, and buffeting the presidents most stalwart core defenders as the economy suffers.

Weve had positive early-stage vaccine data, most recently from Pfizer and BioNTech, playing catchup on an mRNA race led by Moderna where every little sign of potential trouble is magnified into a lethal threat, just as every advance excites a frenzy of support. But that race still has months to play out, with more Phase I data due ahead of the mid-stage numbers looming ahead. A vaccine may not be available in large enough quantities until well into 2021, which is still wildly ambitious.

So what about a drug solution?

Trumps initial support for a panacea focused on hydroxychloroquine. But that fizzled in the face of data underscoring its ineffectiveness killing trials that arent likely to be restarted because of a recent population-based study offering some support. And there are a number of existing drugs being repurposed to see how they help hospitalized patients.

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Boehringer Ingelheim ties the knot with Numab on new antibodies; Cabaletta inks pact with Artisan - Endpoints News

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith