Facts and Factors recently published a market study onCell and Gene Therapy Consumables. This study examines detailed assessment of key market dynamics, including the drivers, trends, opportunities & restraints, and detailed information about the Cell and Gene Therapy Consumables market structure. The market study suggests that the global market size of Cell and Gene Therapy Consumablesnts is projected to reach a CAGR of xx% over the stipulated timeframe 2020-2026.

The Cell and Gene Therapy Consumables market report analyses and notifies the industry statistics at the global as well as regional and country levels to acquire a thorough perspective of the entire Cell and Gene Therapy Consumables market. The historical and past insights are provided for FY 2016 to FY 2019 whereas projected trends are delivered for FY 2020 to FY 2026. The quantitative and numerical data is represented in terms of value from FY 2016 2026.

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Some of Top Market Players Analysis Included in this Report:

The Market Player Analysis based on some of below Factors:

The Cell and Gene Therapy Consumables Market research report considers the following years to present the overall market growth:

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Economy

The study also offers scrutiny of the changing government policies amid COVID-19 disruptions. The COVID-19 outbreak has affected economies and industries in various countries due to lockdowns, travel bans, and business shutdowns. Policymakers in developing and developed nations are framing and changing new regulations to meet the continuing macrocosmic shocks by COVID-19 pandemic. The authors of the report have taken into account the impact analysis of the pandemic, and have elaborated on the trends that will be crucial to the upcoming competitive landscape.

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What does this report include? A brief overview:

This report presents a comprehensive overview, market shares, and growth opportunities of Cell and Gene Therapy Consumables market by product type, application, key manufacturers and key regions and countries. In addition, this report discusses the key drivers influencing market growth, opportunities, the challenges, and the risks faced by key manufacturers and the market as a whole. It also analyses key emerging trends and their impact on present and future development.

The report study further includes an in-depth analysis of industry players market shares and provides an overview of leading players market position in the Cell and Gene Therapy Consumables sector. Key strategic developments in the Cell and Gene Therapy Consumables market competitive landscape such as acquisitions & mergers, inaugurations of different products and services, partnerships & joint ventures, MoU agreements, VC & funding activities, R&D activities, and geographic expansion among other noteworthy activities by key players of the Cell and Gene Therapy Consumables market are appropriately highlighted in the report.

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Insights and evaluations are worth knowing for any market players, helping them in ascertaining the prevailing dynamics and the future trajectories of the Cell and Gene Therapy Consumables market.They are a part of the estimations of the opportunities in various segments.

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Some of the research insights and market estimations that make this research unique and effective in guiding stakeholders in understanding the growth dynamics. The research provides:

The regional segmentation of the Cell and Gene Therapy Consumables market is done as follows:

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Cell and Gene Therapy Consumables Market Size Outlook 2020 Report with COVID-19 Analysis Forecast till 2026 - Bandera County Courier

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Global Gene Therapy Market Report is a professional and in-depth research report on the worlds major regional market. The Gene Therapy industry2020 by Industry Demand, Business Strategy & Emerging Trends by Leading Players. The Global pandemic of COVID19/CORONA Virus calls for redefining of business strategies. This Gene Therapy Market report includes the impact analysis necessary for the same.

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Top Players Listed in the Gene Therapy Market Report areBluebird Bio, Sangamo, Spark Therapeutics, Dimension Therapeutics, Avalanche Bio, Celladon, Vical Inc., Advantagene.

Gene Therapymarket report provides a detailed analysis of global market size, regional and country-level market size, segmentation market growth, market share, competitive Landscape, sales analysis, the impact of domestic and global market players, value chain optimization, trade regulations, recent developments, opportunities analysis, strategic market growth analysis, product launches, area marketplace expanding, and technological innovations.

Market Segmentations: Global Gene Therapy market competition by top manufacturers, with production, price, revenue (value) and market share for each manufacturer.

Based on type, report split into Ex vivo, In Vivo.

Based on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, consumption (sales), market share and growth rate for each application, including Cancer, Monogenic, Infectious disease, Cardiovascular disease, Other.

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The report introduces Gene Therapy basic information including definition, classification, application, industry chain structure, industry overview, policy analysis, and news analysis. Insightful predictions for the Gene Therapy Market for the coming few years have also been included in the report.

In the end, Gene Therapyreport provides details of competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market for forecasting, regional demand, and supply factor, investment, market dynamics including technical scenario, consumer behavior, and end-use industry trends and dynamics, capacity, spending were taken into consideration.

Important Key questions answered in Gene Therapymarket report:

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Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Honey bees have been celebrated by humans since they were first domesticated for pollination and honey production in the earliest days of human civilization. But honey bees are expendable we can purchase them from other countries, ship them overseas, and raise them in a non-native land to pollinate our crops. If all of the honey bees in the U.S. died today, wed buy more tomorrow. This World Bee Day, we should focus our celebration on the lesser-known species of amazing native bees that fill our environment.

Iridescent green sweat bee, called because it is known to be attracted to sweat

Via Wikimedia

World Bee Day was established by the United Nations to recognize the fundamental role of pollinators in pollination services, food production, and to safeguard biodiversity in the face of their many threats. It was not only in recognition of honey bees and the pollination services they provide, but of all bees. The proclamation specifically acknowledged and raised awareness of the urgent need to conserve all of the 20,000 species of native bees worldwide.

The blueberry bee, Osmia ribifloris, a blue-colored bee native to North America.

Via Wikimedia

Native bees are absolutely some of the coolest insects on earth. They come in a huge variety of shapes, sizes, and colors. Social species with a single queen like bumble bees make up about 10% of known bee species. Social bees live in nests and work together like honey bees to raise their young and forage for food. The other 90% are solitary species, meaning they live alone and are solely responsible for finding food and building a nest.

Stelis louisae, a red/orange carder bee

USGS

Native bees come in a variety of colors besides yellow and blackblue, green, orange, and red, to name a few. Some resemble wasps, as a defense mechanism for survival. Others are covered in tiny hairs, resembling giant teddy bears, or almost entirely hairless and smooth. Native bees are responsible for a majority of wild plant and crop pollination worldwide.

There are so many amazing native bees. Unfortunately, the focus generally lands on the domesticated workhorse Apis mellifera, instead of any one of the amazing native species. Native bees face a wide range of threats from lost habitat due to increasing development, lack of flowers for food, agricultural intensification, pesticides, and so much more. Honey bees actually pose a threat to native bees, introducing competition and spillover of diseases and parasites to native bees.

An all black bee, Dufourea monardae

Cole Cheng/USGS

There are a wide variety of studies in native bees, but educating the public is one of the best ways to encourage native bee conservation. So this World Bee Day, take some time to read up on pollinators, and learn what you can do to help our native bees.

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Deep-sea currents are spreading microplastics around the globe - Massive Science

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Global Biologics Safety Testing Market Growth Projection

The Biologics Safety Testing market report [6 Years Forecast 2020-2026] focuses on the COVID19 Outbreak Impact analysis of key points influencing the growth of the market. The intelligence report prepared contains details on the leading players of the Global Biologics Safety Testing Market, along with various depending aspects related and associated with the market. Profile the Top Key Players of Biologics Safety Testing, with sales, revenue and global market share of Biologics Safety Testing are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast and speak to info. Upstream raw materials and instrumentation and downstream demand analysis is additionally administrated. The Biologics Safety Testing market business development trends and selling channels square measure analyzed. Biologics Safety Testing industry research report enriched on worldwide competition by topmost prime manufactures which providing information such as Company Profiles, Gross, Gross Margin, Capacity, Product Picture and Specification, Production, Price, Cost, Revenue and contact information.

Biologics Safety Testing Market report provides in-depth review of the Expansion Drivers, Potential Challenges, Distinctive Trends, and Opportunities for market participants equip readers to totally comprehend the landscape of the Biologics Safety Testing market. Major prime key manufactures enclosed within the report alongside Market Share, Stock Determinations and Figures, Contact information, Sales, Capacity, Production, Price, Cost, Revenue and Business Profiles are (Lonza Group, Charles River, Merck, SGS, WuXi AppTec, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Sartorius, Cytovance Biologics, Pace Analytical Services, Toxikon). The main objective of the Biologics Safety Testing industry report is to Supply Key Insights on Competition Positioning, Current Trends, Market Potential, Growth Rates, and Alternative Relevant Statistics.

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There are 10 Chapters to deeply display the Biologics Safety Testing market:

Chapter 1, is executive summary of Biologics Safety Testing Market; Chapter 2, is definition and segment of Biologics Safety Testing; Chapter 3, to show info and data comparison of Biologics Safety Testing Players; Chapter 4, to explain the industry chain of Biologics Safety Testing; Chapter 5, to show comparison of regions and courtiers(or sub-regions); Chapter 6, to show competition and trade situation of Biologics Safety Testing Market; Chapter 7, to show comparison of applications; Chapter 8, to show comparison of types; Chapter 9, to show investment of Biologics Safety Testing Market; Chapter 10, to forecast Biologics Safety Testing market in the next years.

The Biologics Safety Testing market report provides a comprehensive analysis of: Industry overview, cost structure analysis, technical data and competitive analysis, topmost players analysis, development trend analysis, overall market overview, regional market analysis, consumers analysis and marketing type analysis.

Global Biologics Safety Testing Market report focuses on various key parameters that include:

Market concentration ratio Consumption growth rate Growth rate Turnover predictions Industry drivers and major challenges Recent market trends Geographical segmentation Competitive structure Competitive ranking analysis

Scope of Biologics Safety Testing Market:

The global Biologics Safety Testing market is valued at million US$ in 2019 and will reach million US$ by the end of 2026, growing at a CAGR of during 2020-2026. The objectives of this study are to define, segment, and project the size of the Biologics Safety Testing market based on company, product type, application and key regions.

This research report categorizes the global Biologics Safety Testing market by players/brands, region, type and application. This report also studies the global market status, competition landscape, market share, growth rate, future trends, market drivers, opportunities and challenges, sales channels, distributors, customers, research findings & conclusion, appendix & data source and Porters Five Forces Analysis.

On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, shipments, revenue (Million USD), price, and market share and growth rate for each application.

Endotoxin Tests, Sterility Tests, Cell Line Authentication and Characterization Tests, Bioburden Tests, Cell Line Authentication, Residual Host Contaminant Detection Tests, Adventitious Agent Detection Tests, Others

On the basis of product type, this report displays the shipments, revenue (Million USD), price, and market share and growth rate of each type.

Vaccine Development, Blood Products Testing, Cellular & Gene Therapy, Tissue and Tissue-Related Products Testing, Stem Cell Research,

Market Size Segmentation by Region & Countries (Customizable):

North America

Europe

Asia-Pacific

South America

Center East and Africa

United States, Canada and Mexico

Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy

China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia

Brazil, Argentina, Colombia

Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa

Our exploration specialists acutely ascertain the significant aspects of the global Biologics Safety Testing market report. It also provides an in-depth valuation in regards to the future advancements relying on the past data and present circumstance of Biologics Safety Testing market situation. In this Biologics Safety Testing report, we have investigated the principals, players in the market, geological regions, product type, and market end-client applications. The global Biologics Safety Testing report comprises of primary and secondary data which is exemplified in the form of pie outlines, Biologics Safety Testing tables, analytical figures, and reference diagrams. The Biologics Safety Testing report is presented in an efficient way that involves basic dialect, basic Biologics Safety Testing outline, agreements, and certain facts as per solace and comprehension.

Important Features that are under offering & key highlights of the report:

Detailed overview of Biologics Safety Testing market Changing market dynamics of the industry In-depth market segmentation by Type, Application etc Historical, current and projected market size in terms of volume and value Recent industry trends and developments Competitive landscape of Biologics Safety Testing market Strategies of key players and product offerings Potential and niche segments/regions exhibiting promising growth A neutral perspective towards Biologics Safety Testing market performance Market players information to sustain and enhance their footprint

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Table of Content

1 Report Overview1.1 Study Scope1.2 Key Market Segments1.3 Players Covered1.4 Market Analysis by Type1.4.1 Global Biologics Safety Testing Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2014-2026)1.4.2 Major-Type1.4.3 Independent-Type1.4.4 Administrator-Type1.5 Market by Application1.5.1 Global Biologics Safety Testing Market Share by Application (2014-2026)1.5.2 Other1.6 Study Objectives1.7 Years Considered

2 Global Growth Trends2.1 Biologics Safety Testing Market Size2.2 Biologics Safety Testing Growth Trends by Regions2.2.1 Biologics Safety Testing Market Size by Regions (2014-2026)2.2.2 Biologics Safety Testing Market Share by Regions (2014-2020)2.3 Industry Trends2.3.1 Market Top Trends2.3.2 Market Drivers2.3.3 Market Opportunities

3 Market Share by Key Players3.1 Biologics Safety Testing Market Size by Manufacturers3.1.1 Global Biologics Safety Testing Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2020)3.1.2 Global Biologics Safety Testing Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2014-2020)3.1.3 Global Biologics Safety Testing Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)3.2 Biologics Safety Testing Key Players Head office and Area Served3.3 Key Players Biologics Safety Testing Product/Solution/Service3.4 Date of Enter into Biologics Safety Testing Market3.5 Mergers and Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

4 Breakdown Data by Type and Application4.1 Global Biologics Safety Testing Market Size by Type (2014-2020)4.2 Global Biologics Safety Testing Market Size by Application (2014-2020)

(5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) United States, Europe,China,Japan,Southeast Asia,India,Central and South AmericaBiologics Safety Testing Market Size (2014-2020)Key PlayersBiologics Safety Testing Market Size by TypeBiologics Safety Testing Market Size by Application

12 International Players ProfilesCompany DetailsCompany Description and Business OverviewBiologics Safety Testing IntroductionRevenue in Biologics Safety Testing Business (2014-2020)Recent Development

13 Market Forecast 2020-202613.1 Market Size Forecast by Regions13.2 United States13.3 Europe13.4 China13.5 Japan13.6 Southeast Asia13.7 India13.8 Central and South America13.9 Market Size Forecast by Product (2020-2026)13.10 Market Size Forecast by Application (2020-2026)

14 Analysts Viewpoints/Conclusions

15 Appendix15.1 Research Methodology15.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach15.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design15.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation12.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation15.1.2 Data Source15.1.2.1 Secondary Sources15.1.2.2 Primary Sources15.2 Disclaimer15.3 Author Details

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(2020-2026) Biologics Safety Testing Market Research, Growth Opportunities, Analysis and Forecasts Report - 3rd Watch News

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Global Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer Market 2020 by Manufacturers, Countries, Type and Application, Forecast to 2025 is a fundamental and professional analysis of the essential elements driving the market growth rate and the revenue statistic. The report explains the global Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer industry growth structure and development trends. The report has administered several comprehensive elements including market share, supply chain, market trends, revenue graph, market size, and application spectrum. The report gives detailed information about major players comprising their name, company profile, product information. The report also highlights an accurate competitive overview of the business-driven outlook elaborating on expansion tactics adopted by major competitors of the industry.

The global Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer market is separated by company, by country, and by application/types for the competitive landscape analysis. Some crucial information related to the complete assessment that market retains has been given as well as the availability of several growth opportunities as been underlined. In this report, essential parameters such as development policies as well as plans, cost structures, supply and demand figures, gross margins, import or export consumption, revenue, and price are studied. Additionally, the document highlights the pricing of the product, production and consumption volume, cost analysis, industry value, barriers and growth drivers, major market players, demand and supply ratio of the market, the growth rate of the market and forecast from 2020 to 2025.

NOTE: Our final report will be revised to address COVID-19 effects on the specific market.

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Leading Players Analysis:

The global Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer industry report then covers global major leading industry players, providing information such as company profiles, product picture and specification, capacity, production, price, cost, revenue, and contact information. Upstream raw materials and equipment and downstream demand analysis are also carried out.

List of some major players from a wide list of coverage used under the bottom-up approach is: Takara Bio, VBL Therapeutics, CELSION, Targovax,

The product type of market such as: Intravenous, Intratumoral, Intraperitoneal

Applications of the market such as: Ovarian Cancer (unspecified), Recurrent Ovarian Epithelial Cancer, Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer,

Major geographies mentioned in this report are as follows: North America (United States, Canada and Mexico), Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia), South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia etc.), Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)

Moreover, the study report has described the fundamental information about the global Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer market such as application, industry outlook, definition, market chain structure, policy analysis, classification and more. It also explains which product has the highest penetration in which market, profit margins, break-even analysis, and R&D status.

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Global Gene Therapy for Ovarian Cancer Market 2020 Significant Growth Prospects and COVID-19 Impact Analysis 2025 - Flagler Times

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

The UK is poised to lead the way as operators increase spending on North Sea decommissioning work amid low oil prices, according to a new report.

Independent research company Rystad Energy has predicted Britain is in line for nearly 80% of the 14billion it estimates could be spent on removal projects in north-west Europe over the next five years.

The researchers said that, with exploration and production budgets slashed since the Covid-19 pandemic took hold and sent oil prices tumbling and few profitable investment alternatives, operators are now likely to increase spending on decommissioning projects.

Rystad estimates the value for the market world-wide may reach 34.5billion by 2024.The report added that, with an average asset age of 25 years, the north-west European decommissioning sector could grow 20% in annual commitments over the next 18 months if the current low oil prices do not show signs of substantial recovery soon.

It continued: In addition to a rapidly maturing asset base and low oil prices that erode commercial viability and potential life extensions, the North Sea decommissioning market will also be helped by favourable service contract prices.

Rystad energy service analyst, Sumit Yadev, said: A protracted low price environment can potentially motivate operators to leverage low contract prices and commit to their asset retirement obligations, thus spurring decommissioning activity in the north-west Europe region.

This will also provide welcome opportunities for contractors in an otherwise gloomy oilfield services market.

The report warned increased spending on decommissioning may limit the room for operators to invest in other segments, including exploration, development and enhanced oil recovery initiatives.

Leading players such as Shell, Total, Repsol and Premier Oil are expected to assign 10% or more of their North Sea spending in the next five years to removal projects.

Only about 15% of North Sea assets have been decommissioned to date, but in its latest report, Rystad Energy predicts an average of 23 assets will cease production annually over the coming five years.

The research firm expects during the next decade operators will carry out the decommissioning of more than 2,500 wells in the sector, of which 1,500 are in the UK Continental Shelf (UKCS) area.

It said nearly 300,000 tonnes of topsides will be removed from the UKCS by 2025, along with almost 100,000 tonnes of substructure.

With around 50 topsides due to be decommissioned, Rystad estimated an average removal cost of more than 4,300 per tonne.

Plugging and abandonment (P&A) of wells is expected to make up about 45% of decommissioning costs over the next five years, followed by platform removals, which will account for nearly 20% of total expenditure.

Platform wells will be the dominant segment for P&A activity, making up about 65% of the total well abandonment, while the rest are subsea wells.

But, in cost terms, subsea wells will take the lead at an average of 9m each to abandon, compared to 4m for a platform well.

Some of the leading assets that will drive the North Sea decommissioning market include the Brent, Ninian and Thistle fields in the UK and Gyda, in Norway.

Shells Brent project would emerge as the single largest asset decommissioned globally, representing an outlay of nearly 2.5bn alone over the coming decade.

Rystad said the current low oil prices could play a pivotal role in boosting decommissioning spending in the UK if they persist beyond the end of this year.

Nearly 10% of all UK offshore assets have lifting costs above 20 per barrel, which will hamper their life extension prospects and make removal a better financial option if low prices continue.

Read more here:
UK North Sea to dominate global decommissioning spend over next five years - News for the Oil and Gas Sector - Energy Voice

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

The global male hypogonadism market was valued at $2,594 million in 2015, and is estimated to reach $3,233 million by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 3.1% during the analysis period. Male hypogonadism is a medical condition characterized by the inability of the testes to produce sufficient amount of testosterone, which is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics. This results in underdevelopment of muscles, impaired growth of body hair, development of breast tissues, and lack of deepening of the voice.

Some of the key players of Male Hypogonadism Market:AbbVie Inc., Allergan plc, Astrazeneca plc, Bayer AG., Eli Lilly and Company Ltd., Endo International plc., Merck & Co., Inc., Ferring, Finox Biotech, IBSA Institut Biochimque SA, Laboratoires Genevrier, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.

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Male Hypogonadism Market report provides in-depth statistics and analysis available on the market status of the Male Hypogonadism key players and is a valuable method of obtaining guidance and direction for companies and business enterprise insider considering the Male Hypogonadism market. It contains the analysis of drivers, challenges, and restraints impacting the industry.

Type Segmentation:Klinefelters Syndrome

Kallmann Syndrome

Pituitary Disorders

Others

DRUG DELIVERY Segmentation:Topical Gels

Injectables

Transdermal Patches

Others

Major Regions play vital role in Male Hypogonadism market are:North America, Europe, China, Japan, Middle East & Africa, India, South America, Others

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Research objectives

To study and analyze the global Die Cutting Machines consumption (value & volume) by key regions/countries, type and application, history data, and forecast.

To understand the structure of Die Cutting Machines market by identifying its various subsegments.

Focuses on the key global Die Cutting Machines manufacturers, to define, describe and analyze the sales volume, value, market share, market competition landscape, SWOT analysis and development plans in next few years.

To analyze the Die Cutting Machines with respect to individual growth trends, future prospects, and their contribution to the total market.

To share detailed information about the key factors influencing the growth of the market (growth potential, opportunities, drivers, industry-specific challenges and risks).

To project the consumption of Die Cutting Machines submarkets, with respect to key regions (along with their respective key countries).

To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.

To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their growth strategies.

Fundamentals of Table of Content:

Chapter 1 Executive Summary

Chapter 2 Abbreviation and Acronyms

Chapter 3 Preface

Chapter 4 Market Landscape

Chapter 5 Market Trend Analysis

Chapter 6 Industry Chain Analysis

Chapter 7 Latest Market Dynamics

Chapter 8 Trading Analysis

Chapter 9 Historical and Current Interposer in North America

Continue for TOC

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Excerpt from:
Demanded Report on Male Hypogonadism Market Analysis Forecast with Leading Key Players: AbbVie Inc., Allergan plc, Astrazeneca plc, Bayer AG., Eli...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Analysis of the Global Male Hypogonadism Market

A recently published market report on the Male Hypogonadism market highlights the pitfalls that companies might come across due to the unprecedented outbreak of COVID-19 (Coronavirus). Buyers can request comprehensive market analysis of Coronavirus and its impact on the Male Hypogonadism market to mitigate revenue losses.

This market research report on the Male Hypogonadism market published by Male Hypogonadism derives current insights about the competitive landscape of the Male Hypogonadism market. Further, the report unfolds detailed analysis of different segments of the Male Hypogonadism market and offers a thorough understanding of the growth potential of each market segment over the assessment period (20XX-20XX).

According to the analysts at Male Hypogonadism , the Male Hypogonadism market is predicted to register a CAGR growth of ~XX% during the assessment and reach a value of ~US$ XX by the end of 20XX. The report analyzes the micro and macro-economic factors that are projected to influence the growth of the Male Hypogonadism market in the coming decade.

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Key Insights Highlighted in the Report

Segmentation of the Male Hypogonadism Market

The presented report elaborate on the Male Hypogonadism market into different segments and ponders over the current and future business potentials of each segment. The report showcases the year-on-year growth of each segment and ponders upon the different factors that are likely to influence the growth of each market segment.

The various segments of the Male Hypogonadism market explained in the report include:

Key market playersMajor competitors identified in this market include Astrazeneca Plc., Merck & Co. Inc., Laboratories Genevrier, Allergan Plc., Endo International Plc., Ferring, AbbVie Inc., Eli Lilly and Company Ltd., Finox Biotech, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Bayer AG, IBSA Institut Biochimque, etc.

Based on the Region:Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, India and ASEAN)North America (US and Canada)Europe (Germany, France, UK and Italy)Rest of World (Latin America, Middle East & Africa)

Based on the Type:Testosterone Replacement TherapyGonadotropin-Releasing Hormones Therapy

Based on the Application:Kallmann SyndromeKlinefelters SyndromePituitary DisordersOthers

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Important doubts related to the Male Hypogonadism market clarified in the report:

Why Choose Male Hypogonadism

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COVID-19: Responding to the business impacts of Global Male Hypogonadism Market : Current Trends and Future Estimations to Elucidate Imminent...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

QY Research as of late produced a research report titled, Transdermal Testosterone . The research report speak about the potential development openings that exist in the worldwide market. The report is broken down on the basis of research procedures procured from historical and forecast information. The global Transdermal Testosterone market is relied upon to develop generously and flourish as far as volume and incentive during the gauge time frame. The report will give a knowledge about the development openings and controls that will build the market. Pursuers can increase important perception about the eventual fate of the market.

Key companies that are operating in the global Transdermal Testosterone market are: , AbbVie, Teva, Perrigo, Endo Pharmaceuticals, Acerus Pharmaceuticals, Lupin, Dr. Reddys Laboratories, Upsher-Smith Laboratories, Allergan, Cipla Inc.

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Segmental Analysis

The report incorporates significant sections, for example, type and end user and a variety of segments that decide the prospects of the market. Each type provide data with respect to the business esteem during the conjecture time frame. The application area likewise gives information by volume and consumption during the estimate time frame. The comprehension of this segment direct the readers in perceiving the significance of variables that shape the market development.

Global Transdermal Testosterone Market Segment By Type:

, Gel, Patch, Solution

Global Transdermal Testosterone Market Segment By Application:

, Primary hypogonadism, Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, Late-onset hypogonadism

Competitive Landscape

The report incorporates various key players and producers working in the local and worldwide market. This segment shows the procedures received by players in the market to remain ahead in the challenge. New patterns and its reception by players assist readers with understanding the elements of the business and how it very well may be utilized to their own benefit. The readers can likewise recognize the strides of players to comprehend the global market better.

Key companies operating in the global Transdermal Testosterone market include , AbbVie, Teva, Perrigo, Endo Pharmaceuticals, Acerus Pharmaceuticals, Lupin, Dr. Reddys Laboratories, Upsher-Smith Laboratories, Allergan, Cipla Inc.

Key questions answered in the report:

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TOC

Table of Contents 1 Transdermal Testosterone Market Overview1.1 Transdermal Testosterone Product Overview1.2 Transdermal Testosterone Market Segment by Type1.2.1 Gel1.2.2 Patch1.2.3 Solution1.3 Global Transdermal Testosterone Market Size by Type (2015-2026)1.3.1 Global Transdermal Testosterone Market Size Overview by Type (2015-2026)1.3.2 Global Transdermal Testosterone Historic Market Size Review by Type (2015-2020)

1.3.2.1 Global Transdermal Testosterone Sales Market Share Breakdown by Type (2015-2026)

1.3.2.2 Global Transdermal Testosterone Revenue Market Share Breakdown by Type (2015-2026)

1.3.2.3 Global Transdermal Testosterone Average Selling Price (ASP) by Type (2015-2026)1.3.3 Global Transdermal Testosterone Market Size Forecast by Type (2021-2026)

1.3.3.1 Global Transdermal Testosterone Sales Market Share Breakdown by Application (2021-2026)

1.3.3.2 Global Transdermal Testosterone Revenue Market Share Breakdown by Application (2021-2026)

1.3.3.3 Global Transdermal Testosterone Average Selling Price (ASP) by Application (2021-2026)1.4 Key Regions Market Size Segment by Type (2015-2020)1.4.1 North America Transdermal Testosterone Sales Breakdown by Type (2015-2026)1.4.2 Europe Transdermal Testosterone Sales Breakdown by Type (2015-2026)1.4.3 Asia-Pacific Transdermal Testosterone Sales Breakdown by Type (2015-2026)1.4.4 Latin America Transdermal Testosterone Sales Breakdown by Type (2015-2026)1.4.5 Middle East and Africa Transdermal Testosterone Sales Breakdown by Type (2015-2026) 2 Global Transdermal Testosterone Market Competition by Company2.1 Global Top Players by Transdermal Testosterone Sales (2015-2020)2.2 Global Top Players by Transdermal Testosterone Revenue (2015-2020)2.3 Global Top Players Transdermal Testosterone Average Selling Price (ASP) (2015-2020)2.4 Global Top Manufacturers Transdermal Testosterone Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type2.5 Transdermal Testosterone Market Competitive Situation and Trends2.5.1 Transdermal Testosterone Market Concentration Rate (2015-2020)2.5.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers by Transdermal Testosterone Sales and Revenue in 20192.6 Global Top Manufacturers by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) (based on the Revenue in Transdermal Testosterone as of 2019)2.7 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Transdermal Testosterone Market2.8 Key Manufacturers Transdermal Testosterone Product Offered2.9 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion 3 Global Transdermal Testosterone Status and Outlook by Region (2015-2026)3.1 Global Transdermal Testosterone Market Size and CAGR by Region: 2015 VS 2020 VS 20263.2 Global Transdermal Testosterone Market Size Market Share by Region (2015-2020)3.2.1 Global Transdermal Testosterone Sales Market Share by Region (2015-2020)3.2.2 Global Transdermal Testosterone Revenue Market Share by Region (2015-2020)3.2.3 Global Transdermal Testosterone Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)3.3 Global Transdermal Testosterone Market Size Market Share by Region (2021-2026)3.3.1 Global Transdermal Testosterone Sales Market Share by Region (2021-2026)3.3.2 Global Transdermal Testosterone Revenue Market Share by Region (2021-2026)3.3.3 Global Transdermal Testosterone Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)3.4 North America Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026)3.4.1 North America Transdermal Testosterone Revenue YoY Growth (2015-2026)3.4.2 North America Transdermal Testosterone Sales YoY Growth (2015-2026)3.5 Asia-Pacific Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026)3.5.1 Asia-Pacific Transdermal Testosterone Revenue YoY Growth (2015-2026)3.5.2 Asia-Pacific Transdermal Testosterone Sales YoY Growth (2015-2026)3.6 Europe Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026)3.6.1 Europe Transdermal Testosterone Revenue YoY Growth (2015-2026)3.6.2 Europe Transdermal Testosterone Sales YoY Growth (2015-2026)3.7 Latin America Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026)3.7.1 Latin America Transdermal Testosterone Revenue YoY Growth (2015-2026)3.7.2 Latin America Transdermal Testosterone Sales YoY Growth (2015-2026)3.8 Middle East and Africa Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026)3.8.1 Middle East and Africa Transdermal Testosterone Revenue YoY Growth (2015-2026)3.8.2 Middle East and Africa Transdermal Testosterone Sales YoY Growth (2015-2026) 4 Global Transdermal Testosterone by Application4.1 Transdermal Testosterone Segment by Application4.1.1 Primary hypogonadism4.1.2 Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism4.1.3 Late-onset hypogonadism4.2 Global Transdermal Testosterone Sales by Application: 2015 VS 2020 VS 20264.3 Global Transdermal Testosterone Historic Sales by Application (2015-2020)4.4 Global Transdermal Testosterone Forecasted Sales by Application (2021-2026)4.5 Key Regions Transdermal Testosterone Market Size by Application4.5.1 North America Transdermal Testosterone by Application4.5.2 Europe Transdermal Testosterone by Application4.5.3 Asia-Pacific Transdermal Testosterone by Application4.5.4 Latin America Transdermal Testosterone by Application4.5.5 Middle East and Africa Transdermal Testosterone by Application 5 North America Transdermal Testosterone Market Size by Country (2015-2026)5.1 North America Market Size Market Share by Country (2015-2020)5.1.1 North America Transdermal Testosterone Sales Market Share by Country (2015-2020)5.1.2 North America Transdermal Testosterone Revenue Market Share by Country (2015-2020)5.2 North America Market Size Market Share by Country (2021-2026)5.2.1 North America Transdermal Testosterone Sales Market Share by Country (2021-2026)5.2.2 North America Transdermal Testosterone Revenue Market Share by Country (2021-2026)5.3 North America Market Size YoY Growth by Country5.3.1 U.S. Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026)5.3.2 Canada Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) 6 Europe Transdermal Testosterone Market Size by Country (2015-2026)6.1 Europe Market Size Market Share by Country (2015-2020)6.1.1 Europe Transdermal Testosterone Sales Market Share by Country (2015-2020)6.1.2 Europe Transdermal Testosterone Revenue Market Share by Country (2015-2020)6.2 Europe Market Size Market Share by Country (2021-2026)6.2.1 Europe Transdermal Testosterone Sales Market Share by Country (2021-2026)6.2.2 Europe Transdermal Testosterone Revenue Market Share by Country (2021-2026)6.3 Europe Market Size YoY Growth by Country6.3.1 Germany Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026)6.3.2 France Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026)6.3.3 U.K. Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026)6.3.4 Italy Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026)6.3.5 Russia Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) 7 Asia-Pacific Transdermal Testosterone Market Size by Country (2015-2026)7.1 Asia-Pacific Market Size Market Share by Country (2015-2020)7.1.1 Asia-Pacific Transdermal Testosterone Sales Market Share by Country (2015-2020)7.1.2 Asia-Pacific Transdermal Testosterone Revenue Market Share by Country (2015-2020)7.2 Asia-Pacific Market Size Market Share by Country (2021-2026)7.2.1 Asia-Pacific Transdermal Testosterone Sales Market Share by Country (2021-2026)7.2.2 Asia-Pacific Transdermal Testosterone Revenue Market Share by Country (2021-2026)7.3 Asia-Pacific Market Size YoY Growth by Country7.3.1 China Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026)7.3.2 Japan Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026)7.3.3 South Korea Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026)7.3.4 India Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026)7.3.5 Australia Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026)7.3.6 Taiwan Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026)7.3.7 Indonesia Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026)7.3.8 Thailand Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026)7.3.9 Malaysia Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026)7.3.10 Philippines Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026)7.3.11 Vietnam Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) 8 Latin America Transdermal Testosterone Market Size by Country (2015-2026)8.1 Latin America Market Size Market Share by Country (2015-2020)8.1.1 Latin America Transdermal Testosterone Sales Market Share by Country (2015-2020)8.1.2 Latin America Transdermal Testosterone Revenue Market Share by Country (2015-2020)8.2 Latin America Market Size Market Share by Country (2021-2026)8.2.1 Latin America Transdermal Testosterone Sales Market Share by Country (2021-2026)8.2.2 Latin America Transdermal Testosterone Revenue Market Share by Country (2021-2026)8.3 Latin America Market Size YoY Growth by Country8.3.1 Mexico Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026)8.3.2 Brazil Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026)8.3.3 Argentina Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) 9 Middle East and Africa Transdermal Testosterone Market Size by Country (2015-2026)9.1 Middle East and Africa Market Size Market Share by Country (2015-2020)9.1.1 Middle East and Africa Transdermal Testosterone Sales Market Share by Country (2015-2020)9.1.2 Middle East and Africa Transdermal Testosterone Revenue Market Share by Country (2015-2020)9.2 Middle East and Africa Market Size Market Share by Country (2021-2026)9.2.1 Middle East and Africa Transdermal Testosterone Sales Market Share by Country (2021-2026)9.2.2 Middle East and Africa Transdermal Testosterone Revenue Market Share by Country (2021-2026)9.3 Middle East and Africa Market Size YoY Growth by Country9.3.1 Turkey Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026)9.3.2 Saudi Arabia Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026)9.3.3 U.A.E Transdermal Testosterone Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) 10 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Transdermal Testosterone Business10.1 AbbVie10.1.1 AbbVie Corporation Information10.1.2 AbbVie Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue10.1.3 AbbVie Transdermal Testosterone Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)10.1.4 AbbVie Transdermal Testosterone Products Offered10.1.5 AbbVie Recent Development10.2 Teva10.2.1 Teva Corporation Information10.2.2 Teva Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue10.2.3 Teva Transdermal Testosterone Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)10.2.5 Teva Recent Development10.3 Perrigo10.3.1 Perrigo Corporation Information10.3.2 Perrigo Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue10.3.3 Perrigo Transdermal Testosterone Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)10.3.4 Perrigo Transdermal Testosterone Products Offered10.3.5 Perrigo Recent Development10.4 Endo Pharmaceuticals10.4.1 Endo Pharmaceuticals Corporation Information10.4.2 Endo Pharmaceuticals Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue10.4.3 Endo Pharmaceuticals Transdermal Testosterone Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)10.4.4 Endo Pharmaceuticals Transdermal Testosterone Products Offered10.4.5 Endo Pharmaceuticals Recent Development10.5 Acerus Pharmaceuticals10.5.1 Acerus Pharmaceuticals Corporation Information10.5.2 Acerus Pharmaceuticals Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue10.5.3 Acerus Pharmaceuticals Transdermal Testosterone Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)10.5.4 Acerus Pharmaceuticals Transdermal Testosterone Products Offered10.5.5 Acerus Pharmaceuticals Recent Development10.6 Lupin10.6.1 Lupin Corporation Information10.6.2 Lupin Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue10.6.3 Lupin Transdermal Testosterone Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)10.6.4 Lupin Transdermal Testosterone Products Offered10.6.5 Lupin Recent Development10.7 Dr. Reddys Laboratories10.7.1 Dr. Reddys Laboratories Corporation Information10.7.2 Dr. Reddys Laboratories Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue10.7.3 Dr. Reddys Laboratories Transdermal Testosterone Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)10.7.4 Dr. Reddys Laboratories Transdermal Testosterone Products Offered10.7.5 Dr. Reddys Laboratories Recent Development10.8 Upsher-Smith Laboratories10.8.1 Upsher-Smith Laboratories Corporation Information10.8.2 Upsher-Smith Laboratories Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue10.8.3 Upsher-Smith Laboratories Transdermal Testosterone Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)10.8.4 Upsher-Smith Laboratories Transdermal Testosterone Products Offered10.8.5 Upsher-Smith Laboratories Recent Development10.9 Allergan10.9.1 Allergan Corporation Information10.9.2 Allergan Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue10.9.3 Allergan Transdermal Testosterone Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)10.9.4 Allergan Transdermal Testosterone Products Offered10.9.5 Allergan Recent Development10.10 Cipla Inc.10.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors10.10.2 Transdermal Testosterone Product Category, Application and Specification10.10.3 Cipla Inc. Transdermal Testosterone Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)10.10.4 Main Business Overview10.10.5 Cipla Inc. Recent Development 11 Transdermal Testosterone Upstream, Opportunities, Challenges, Risks and Influences Factors Analysis11.1 Transdermal Testosterone Key Raw Materials11.1.1 Key Raw Materials11.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price11.1.3 Raw Materials Key Suppliers11.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure11.2.1 Raw Materials11.2.2 Labor Cost11.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses11.3 Transdermal Testosterone Industrial Chain Analysis11.4 Market Opportunities, Challenges, Risks and Influences Factors Analysis11.4.1 Market Opportunities and Drivers11.4.2 Market Challenges11.4.3 Market Risks11.4.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis 12 Market Strategy Analysis, Distributors12.1 Sales Channel12.2 Distributors12.3 Downstream Customers 13 Research Findings and Conclusion 14 Appendix14.1 Methodology/Research Approach14.1.1 Research Programs/Design14.1.2 Market Size Estimation14.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation14.2 Data Source14.2.1 Secondary Sources14.2.2 Primary Sources14.3 Author Details14.4 Disclaimer

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Transdermal Testosterone Market Growth by Top Companies, Trends by Types and Application, Forecast to 2026| - Jewish Life News

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

DailyMailreports that a team of Canadian researchers have discovered a new sex hormone in zebrafish. They say this discovery could lead to developing better fertility treatment options for humans.

The researchers successfully restored partial sexual function in genetically mutated zebrafish with a single injection. In their trial, the jab was able to enhance further the ability of the female fish to ovulate and lay her eggs.

The fish possessed about 70% genes similar to humans, which makes it the perfect lab models. According to researchers, the key to the process is a small-like-molecule produced by the fish. Moreover, this molecule is found in other animals and humans as well.

According to Vance Trudeau, the senior author of the study, they mutated two related genes and analyzed their effects on the zebrafish's sexual function. Trudeau is a Professor of Neuroendocrinology at the University of Ottawa, Canada.

Additionally, he said that they used genetically modified fish to search for other factors that could improve sexual function. The researchers looked for clues leaning toward either increased spawning in cultured fish species or helping with the search for new infertility treatments for humans.

The findings of the research were published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Read Also: Men with Hypogonadism Leading to Low Testosterone Levels are More Likely to Die From the Coronavirus, Study Finds

Professor Trudeau and his co-author Kim Mitchell had discovered new functions that facilitate how males and females interact while mating when they initially started studying the effects of gene mutations in zebrafish.

Using gene technology developed at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Wuhan, China, the researchers were able to mutate two related genes under the name secretogranin-2. It encodes the protein with the same name.

Trudeau said that the first step of their experiments was to perform the gene editing to reduce the zebrafish's sexual behaviour. Furthermore, they changed the secretogranin-2 genes through specific mutations. The authors of the study found that it significantly affected the ability of females and males to breed.

According to Trudeau, it severely reduced their sexual behaviour. At first, the fish appeared normal. However, when both sexes were put together, they completely ignored each other. He explained how normally the male and female fish would engage in a 'courtship ritual' in which the male would chase the female.

Generally after the courtship, the female dispenses her eggs to the water, and the male fertilizes them. However, in a sample of gene-edited zebrafish couples used in the study, the researchers found only one in ten were able to spawn.

The experiments showed that the fish carrying the delivered mutations were capable of producing sperm and eggs, but were dreadful at mating. According to Trudeau, it was the first evidence that showed the mutation of genes leading to the disruption of sexual behaviour in animals.

For the experiment's second stage, the researchers used a fragment of secretogranin-2 in an attempt to reverse the seeming incapacity to mate. The team was able to partially restore sexual function by a single injection of the secretoneurin peptideinto the fish's body.

The researchers revealed new genes that can determine reproduction. Furthermore, the secretoneurin peptide itself has been classified as a new hormone with possible connotations for future fertility research.

According to Trudeau, the large secretogranin-2 genes could produce several other hormone-like peptides with functions still left to be discovered. He added that it would be exciting to explore the subject in future projects further.

Also Read: COVID-19 Male Patients to Receive Female Sex Hormones Estrogen and Progesterone To See if They Could Help Reduce Severity

The rest is here:
Scientists Discover New Sexual Hormone that Could Offer Better Fertility Treatments - Science Times

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

TheGlobal Steroids Market isexpected to grow at a CAGR of XX% during the forecast period, 2017-2025.Increase in geriatric population drives the androgens and anabolic steroids market, as older men are more prone to hypogonadism. Additionally, rise in obesity in men propels the global androgens and anabolic steroids market.

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The increasing poor health status especially in the developing countries is projected to fuel the growth of the market during the forecast period. Moreover, rise in government initiatives for better health care is attributed to the growth of the global androgens and anabolic steroids market.This report analyses the future prospects of Global Steroids Market.

Development policies and plans are discussed as well as manufacturing processes and cost structures are also analyzed. This report also states import/export consumption, supply and demand Figures, cost, price, revenue and gross margins.

Complete report on Steroids Industry spread across 114 pages, profiling 09 companies and supported with tables and figures. Enquire for more at https://www.orianresearch.com/enquiry-before-buying/484751

Top Key Companies Analyzed in Global Steroids Market are PFIZER Novartis Merck Sanofi Johnson And Johnson GSK Astrazeneca Cipla Sumitomo

Key benefit of this report: This report provides current market trends and future growth expectations. This report examines the market size and changing competitive dynamics It covers information regarding key drivers, challenges or restraining market growth It provides a five-year forecast assessed on the basis market value chain, porters five forces, and supply chain management. Market factor analysis delivers treasured information regarding the possible purchasers and suppliers and understanding the stakeholders involved. This report incorporates data regarding companies and business decision by having complete insights on the markets and by creating in depth analysis of market segments.

Target audience: Suppliers R&D Institutes Technology providers Wholesalers Dealers

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Major Points Covered in Table of Contents:1. Executive Summary2. Demographic Overview3. Research Methodology4. Premium Insights5. Market Overview6. Market Factor Analysis7. Market Segment by Types8. Market Segment by Application9. Market Segment by Routes of Administration10. Market Segment by End User11 Market Segment by Regions12 Market Trends & Competitive Analysis

13 Company ProfilesAuthor ListDisclosure SectionResearch MethodologyData Source

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COVID-19 Impact on Global Steroids Market 2020: Industry Trends, Size, Share, Applications, SWOT Analysis by Top Key Players and Forecast Report to...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

SHANGHAI, May27, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- Shanghai Cell Therapy Group (SHCell) recently entered intoa six-year research collaborative project with Professor Qi-Long Ying from the University of Southern California (USC). Through the project, sponsored by $3.6 million from the Baize Plan Fund, the Ying laboratory aims to develop conditions for the long-term ex vivo expansion of mouse and human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

"Hematopoietic stem cells, or HSCs, are found in the bone marrow of adults," said Professor Qijun Qian, CEO of Shanghai Cell Therapy Group. "HSCs have the ability for long-term self-renewal and differentiation into various types of mature blood cells, and for rebuilding normal hematopoiesis and immune function in patients. They also have enormous potential to treat diseases, including tumors, autoimmune diseases, severe infectious disease, and inherited blood diseases, and to combat the effects of aging."

This research project will be conducted and supervised by Professor Qi-Long Ying, a Professor of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine at the Keck School of Medicine of USC. Professor Ying's pioneering stem cell research has won international acclaim, including the 2016 McEwen Award for Innovation, the highest honor in the field.

"We'll develop and optimize culture conditions for the long-term ex vivo expansion of HSCs," said Professor Ying. "We'll also test combinations of basal media, small molecules, cytokines and growth factors, and characterize ex vivo expanded hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. These cells will then be genetically modified and tested for their potential to treat different diseases, including blood disorders and cancers."

Professor Andrew P. McMahon, Director of Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research of USC, added: "Stem cell biology represents an exciting area in medicine with great therapeutic potential. I am delighted SHCell is supporting Professor Ying. A breakthrough in the ability to propagate and manipulate HSCs will have lasting clinical significance."

The project also plans to build animal models of different blood diseases and cancers and test the safety and effectiveness of genetically modified hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells before clinical translation. SHCell will actively explore clinical applications of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the treatment of cancers or blood diseases.

As SHCell's first overseas collaboration, this project aims to advance the goals of the Baize Plan: to provide first-class cell treatments and cell therapies at an affordable price to cure cancer and increase life expectancy. SHCell hopes that this project will also accelerate original scientific breakthroughs in the stem cell field.

Shanghai Cell Therapy Group

Founded in 2013, Shanghai Cell Therapeutics Group Co., Ltd is located at the Shanghai Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center, which was established by the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission. With a mission of "changing the length and abundance of life with cell therapy", SHCell has created a closed-loop industrial chain and an integrated platform for cell treatment and cell therapy. It comprises cell storage, cell drug research and cell clinical transformation with cell therapy as its core business.

The Baize Plan was proposed in 2016 by Wu Mengchao, an Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and initiated by Professor Qian, aiming to provide first-class cell treatments and cell therapies at an affordable price with the goal of curing cancers and increasing life expectancy. The Baize Plan Fund was created by the Shanghai Cell Therapy Group to realize the vision of the Baize Plan.

University of Southern California (USC)

Founded in 1880, the University of Southern California is one of the world's leading educational and research institutions, and also the oldest private research university in California. Located in the heart of Los Angeles, the University of Southern California comprises 23 schools and units, and students are encouraged to explore different fields of study. The University of Southern California ranked #22 in National Universities in the 2020 edition of Best Colleges, published by U.S. News & World Report.

For more information, visit http://www.shcell.com/

SOURCE Shanghai Cell Therapy Group

http://www.shcell.com

Original post:
Shanghai Cell Therapy Group Launches Collaboration with USC researcher to Improve the ex vivo Expansion of Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Clinical...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a devastating disease process involving pulmonary edema and atelectasis caused by capillary membrane injury [1]. The main clinical manifestation is the acute onset of hypoxic respiratory failure, which can subsequently trigger a cascade of serious complications and even death [2]. Thus, ALI causes a considerable financial burden for health care systems throughout the world. ALI can result from various causes, including multiple traumas, large-volume blood transfusions, and bacterial and viral infections [2, 3]. A variety of viruses, including influenza virus, coronavirus (CoV), adenovirus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), are associated with ALI [4]. Importantly, most viruses, whose hosts are various animal species, can cause severe and rapidly spreading human infections. In the early 2000s, several outbreaks of influenza virus and CoV emerged, causing human respiratory and intestinal diseases worldwide, including the more recent SARS-CoV-2 infection [5,6,7]. To date, SARS-CoV-2 has affected more than 80,000 people, causing nearly 3300 deaths in China and more than 1,800,000 people, causing nearly 110,000 deaths all over the world (http://2019ncov.chinacdc.cn/2019-nCoV/).

Infectious respiratory diseases caused by different viruses are associated with similar respiratory symptoms ranging from the common cold to severe acute respiratory syndrome [8]. This makes the clinical distinction between different agents involved in infection very difficult [8, 9]. Currently, the clinical experience mainly includes antibacterial and antiviral drug treatment derived from handling several outbreaks of influenza virus and human CoVs. Numerous agents have been identified to inhibit the entry and/or replication of these viruses in cell culture or animal models [10]. Although these antiviral drugs can effectively prevent and eliminate the virus, the full recovery from pneumonia and ALI depends on the resistance of the patient. Recently, stem cell-based therapy has become a potential approved tool for the treatment of virus-induced lung injury [11,12,13]. Here, we will give a brief overview of influenza virus and CoVs and then present the cell-based therapeutic options for lung injury caused by different kinds of viruses.

Influenza virus and human CoV are the two most threatening viruses for infectious lung injury [14]. These pathogens can be transmitted through direct or indirect physical contact, droplets, or aerosols, with increasing evidence suggesting that airborne transmission, including via droplets or aerosols, enhances the efficiency of viral transmission among humans and causes uncontrolled infectious disease [15]. Throughout human history, outbreaks and occasional pandemics caused by influenza virus and CoV have led to approximately hundreds of millions of deaths worldwide [16].

Influenza virus is a well-known human pathogen that has a negative-sense RNA genome [17]. According to its distinct antigenic properties, the influenza virus can be divided into 4 subtypes, types A, B, C, and D. Influenza A virus (IAV) lineages in animal populations cause economically important respiratory disease. Little is known about the other human influenza virus types B, C, and D [18]. Further subtypes are characterized by the genetic and antigenic properties of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins [19]. Sporadic and seasonal infections in swine with avian influenza viruses of various subtypes have been reported. The most recent human pandemic virusesH1N1 from swine and H5N1 from aviancause severe respiratory tract disease and lung injury in humans [20, 21].

CoVs, a large family of single-stranded RNA viruses, typically affect the respiratory tract of mammals, including humans. CoVs are further divided into four genera: alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-CoVs. Alpha- and beta-CoVs can infect mammals, and gamma- and delta-CoVs tend to infect birds, but some of these viruses can also be transmitted to mammals [22]. Human CoVs were considered relatively harmless respiratory pathogens in the past. Infections with the human CoV strains 229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1 usually result in mild respiratory illness, such as the common cold [23]. In contrast, the CoV responsible for the 2002 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV), the 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), and, more recently, the SARS-CoV-2 have received global attention owing to their genetic variation and rapid spread in human populations [5,6,7].

Usually, the influenza virus can enter the columnar epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, such as the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. Subsequently, the influenza virus begins to replicate for an asymptomatic period of time and then migrate to the lung tissue to cause acute lung and respiratory injury [24]. Similar to those with influenza virus infection, patients with SARS, MERS, or SARS-CoV-2 present with various clinical features, ranging from asymptomatic or mild respiratory illness to severe ALI, even with multiple organ failure [5,6,7]. The pathogenesis of ALI caused by influenza virus and human CoV is often associated with rapid viral replication, marked inflammatory cell infiltration, and elevated proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine responses [25]. Interestingly, in IAV- and human CoV-infected individuals, the pulmonary pathology always involves diffuse alveolar damage, but viral RNA is present in only a subset of patients [26]. Some studies suggest that an overly exaggerated immune response, rather than uncontrolled viral spread, is the primary cause in fatal cases caused by virus infection [27]. Several immune cell types have been found to contribute to damaging host responses, providing novel approaches for therapeutic intervention [28].

IAV infection, the most common cause of viral pneumonia, causes substantial seasonal and pandemic morbidity and mortality [29]. Currently, antiviral drugs are the primary treatment strategy for influenza-induced pneumonia. However, antiviral drugs cannot repair damaged lung cells. Here, we summarize the present studies of stem cell therapy for influenza virus-induced lung injury.

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) constitute a heterogeneous subset of stromal regenerative cells that can be harvested from several adult tissue types, including bone marrow, umbilical cord, adipose, and endometrium [30]. They retain the expression of the markers CD29, CD73, CD90, and CD105 and have a rapid proliferation rate, low immunogenicity, and low tumorigenicity [30]. MSCs also have self-renewal and multidifferentiation capabilities and exert immunomodulatory and tissue repair effects by secreting trophic factors, cytokines, and chemokines [31]. Due to these beneficial biological properties, MSCs and their derivatives are attractive as cellular therapies for various inflammatory diseases, including virus-induced lung injury.

Several studies on IAV-infected animal models have shown the beneficial effects of the administration of different tissue-derived MSCs [32,33,34,35]. H5N1 virus infection reduces alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) and enhances alveolar protein permeability (APP) in human alveolar epithelial cells, which can be inhibited by coculture with human bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) [32]. Mechanistically, this process can be mediated by human BMSC secreted angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) [32]. Moreover, in vivo experiments have shown that human BMSCs have a significant anti-inflammatory effect by increasing the number of M2 macrophages and releasing various cytokines and chemokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17 [32]. Similar anti-inflammatory effects have been achieved in another virus-induced lung injury model. The intravenous injection of mouse BMSCs into H9N2 virus-infected mice significantly attenuates H9N2 virus-induced pulmonary inflammation by reducing chemokine (GM-CSF, MCP-1, KC, MIP-1, and MIG) and proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-, and IFN-) levels, as well as reducing inflammatory cell recruitment into the lungs [33]. Another study on human BMSCs cocultured with CD8+ T cells showed that MSCs inhibit the proliferation of virus-specific CD8+ T cells and the release of IFN- by specific CD8+ T cells [36].

In addition, human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) were found to have a similar effect as BMSCs on AFC, APP, and inflammation by secreting growth factors, including Ang1 and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), in an in vitro lung injury model induced by H5N1 virus [34]. UC-MSCs also promote lung injury mouse survival, increase the body weight, and decreased the APP levels and inflammation in vivo [34]. Unlike Ang1, KGF, and HGF mentioned above, basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) plays an important role in lung injury therapy via immunoregulation. The administration of the recombinant FGF2 protein improves H1N1-induced mouse lung injury and promotes the survival of infected mice by recruiting and activating neutrophils via the FGFR2-PI3K-AKT-NFB signaling pathway [37]. FGF2-overexpressing MSCs have an enhanced therapeutic effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI, as assessed by the proinflammatory factor level, neutrophil quantity, and histopathological index of the lung [38].

MSCs secrete various soluble factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs), which carry lipids, proteins, DNA, mRNA, microRNAs, small RNAs, and organelles. These biologically active components can be transferred to recipient cells to exert anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and tissue regeneration functions [39]. EVs isolated from conditioned medium of pig BMSCs have been demonstrated to have anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, and antiviral replication functions in H1N1-affected lung epithelial cells and alleviate H1N1-induced lung injury in pigs [35]. Moreover, the preincubation of EVs with RNase abrogates their anti-influenza activity, suggesting that the anti-influenza activity of EVs is due to the transfer of RNAs from EVs to epithelial cells [35]. Exosomes are a subset of EVs that are 50200nm in diameter and positive for CD63 and CD81 [40]. Exosomes isolated from the conditioned medium of UC-MSCs restore the impaired AFC and decreased APP in alveolar epithelial cells affected by H5N1 virus [34]. In addition, the ability of UC-MSCs to increase AFC is superior to that of exosomes, which indicates that other components secreted by UC-MSCs have synergistic effects with exosomes [34].

Despite accumulating evidence demonstrating the therapeutic effects of MSC administration in various preclinical models of lung injury, some studies have shown contrasting results. Darwish and colleagues proved that neither the prophylactic nor therapeutic administration of murine or human BMSCs could decrease pulmonary inflammation or prevent the progression of ALI in H1N1 virus-infected mice [41]. In addition, combining MSC administration with the antiviral agent oseltamivir was also found to be ineffective [41]. Similar negative results were obtained in another preclinical study. Murine or human BMSCs were administered intravenously to H1N1-induced ARDS mice [42]. Although murine BMSCs prevented influenza-induced thrombocytosis and caused a modest reduction in lung viral load, murine or human BMSCs failed to improve influenza-mediated lung injury as assessed by weight loss, the lung water content, and bronchoalveolar lavage inflammation and histology, which is consistent with Darwishs findings [42]. However, the mild reduction in viral load observed in response to murine BMSC treatment suggests that, on balance, MSCs are mildly immunostimulatory in this model [42]. Although there are some controversial incidents in preclinical research, the transplant of menstrual-blood-derived MSCs into patients with H7N9-induced ARDS was conducted at a single center through an open-label clinical trial (http://www.chictr.org.cn/). MSC transplantation significantly lowered the mortality and did not result in harmful effects in the bodies of the patients [43]. This clinic study suggests that MSCs significantly improve the survival rate of influenza virus-induced lung injury.

The effects of exogenous MSCs are exerted through their isolation and injection into test animals. There are also some stem/progenitor cells that can be activated to proliferate when various tissues are injured. Basal cells (BCs), distributed throughout the pseudostratified epithelium from the trachea to the bronchioles, are a class of multipotent tissue-specific stem cells from various organs, including the skin, esophagus, and olfactory and airway epithelia [44, 45]. Previously, TPR63+/KRT5+ BCs were shown to self-renew and divide into club cells and ciliated cells to maintain the pseudostratified epithelium of proximal airways [46]. Several studies have shown that TPR63+/KRT5+ BCs play a key role in lung repair and regeneration after influenza virus infection. When animals typically recover from H1N1 influenza infection, TPR63+/KRT5+ BCs accumulate robustly in the lung parenchyma and initiate an injury repair process to maintain normal lung function by differentiating into mature epithelium [47]. Lineage-negative epithelial stem/progenitor (LNEP) cells, present in the normal distal lung, can activate a TPR63+/KRT5+ remodeling program through Notch signaling after H1N1 influenza infection [48]. Moreover, a population of SOX2+/SCGB1A/KRT5 progenitor cells can generate nascent KRT5+ cells as an early response to airway injury upon H1N1 influenza virus infection [49]. In addition, a rare p63+Krt5 progenitor cell population also responds to H1N1 virus-induced severe injury [50]. This evidence suggests that these endogenous lung stem/progenitor cells (LSCs) play a critical role in the repopulation of damaged lung tissue following severe influenza virus infection (Table2).

Taken together, the present in vitro (Table1) and in vivo (Table2) results show that MSCs and LSCs are potential cell sources to treat influenza virus-induced lung injury.

Lung injury caused by SARS, MERS, or SARS-CoV-2 poses major clinical management challenges because there is no specific treatment that has been proven to be effective for each infection. Currently, virus- and host-based therapies are the main methods of treatment for spreading CoV infections. Virus- and host-based therapies include monoclonal antibodies and antiviral drugs that target the key proteins and pathways that mediate viral entry and replication [51].The major challenges in the clinical development of novel drugs include a limited number of suitable animal models for SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 infections and the current absence of new SARS and MERS cases [51]. Although the number of cases of SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia patients is continuously increasing, antibiotic and antiviral drugs are the primary methods to treat SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Similar to that of IAV, human CoV-mediated damage to the respiratory epithelium results from both intrinsic viral pathogenicity and a robust host immune response. The excessive immune response contributes to viral clearance and can also worsen the severity of lung injury, including the demise of lung cells [52]. However, the present treatment approaches have a limited effect on lung inflammation and regeneration.

Stem cell therapy for influenza virus-induced lung injury shows promise in preclinical models. Although it is difficult to establish preclinical models of CoV-induced lung injury, we consider stem cell therapies to be effective approaches to improve human CoV-induced lung injury. Acute inflammatory responses are one of the major underlying mechanisms for virus-induced lung injury. Innate immune cells, including neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes-macrophages (IMMs), are major innate leukocyte subsets that protect against viral lung infections [53]. Both neutrophils and IMMs are rapidly recruited to the site of infection and play crucial roles in the host defense against viruses. Neutrophils and IMMs can activate Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and produce interferons (IFNs) and other cytokines/chemokines [54]. There are two functional effects produced by the recruitment of neutrophils and IMMs: the orchestration of effective adaptive T cell responses and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines [55]. However, excessive inflammatory cytokine and chemokine secretion impairs antiviral T cell responses, leading to ineffective viral clearance and reduced survival [56].

MSCs are known to suppress both innate and adaptive immune responses. MSCs have been suggested to inhibit many kinds of immune cells, including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and natural killer (NK) cells in vitro and in vivo [57] (Fig.1). Several molecules, including IL-1, TNF-, and INF-, most of which are produced by inflammatory cells, are reported to be involved in MSC-mediated immunosuppression [58]. Furthermore, MSCs can produce numerous immunosuppressive molecules, such as IL-6, PGE2, IDO, and IL-10, in response to inflammatory stimuli. PGE2 has been reported to mediate the MSC-mediated suppression of T cells, NK cells, and macrophages. Moreover, PGE2 has been found to act with IDO to alter the proliferation of T cells and NK cells [59]. In contrast, MSCs have come to be recognized as one type of adult stem cell actively participating in tissue repair by closely interacting with inflammatory cells and various other cell types [60]. Numerous reports have demonstrated that MSCs can release an array of growth and inhibitory factors, such as EGF, FGF, PDGF, and VEGF, and express several leukocyte chemokines, such as CXCL9, CCL2, CXCL10, and CXCL11. These factors provide an important microenvironment to activate adaptive immunity for lung repair [61]. Thus, the dual functions of MSCs may improve lung recovery after human CoV-induced ALI. Recently, MSCs was transplanted intravenously to enrolled patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. After treatment, the pulmonary function and symptoms of these patients were significantly improved. Meanwhile, the peripheral lymphocytes were increased, the C-reactive protein decreased, the level of TNF- was significantly decreased, and the overactivated cytokine-secreting immune cells disappeared. In addition, a group of regulatory DC cell population dramatically increased. Thus, the intravenous transplantation of MSCs was effective for treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia [62, 63].

Stem cell therapies for treatment of influenza virus and coronavirus-induced lung injury. CoVs, coronavirus; MSCs, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells; LSCs, lung stem/progenitor cells; NK cells, natural killer cells; DC cells, dendritic cells

In addition, endogenous LSCs also play an important role in lung cell reconstitution after virus-induced ALI. In particular, TPR63+/KRT5+ airway BCs comprise approximately equal numbers of stem cells and committed precursors and give rise to differentiated luminal cells during steady state and epithelial repair after lung injury [44, 64]. Research has shown that KRT5+ cells repopulate damaged alveolar parenchyma following influenza virus infection [47]. However, there is still little evidence for the role of altered TPR63+/KRT5+ stem cells during lung injury repair caused by human CoVs.

In summary, exogenous MSCs may modulate human CoV-induced lung injury repair and regeneration through their immunoregulatory properties. These cells are capable of interacting with various types of immune cell, including neutrophils, macrophages, T cells, B cells, NK cells, and DCs. Furthermore, viral infections can activate endogenous LSCs to produce new lung cells and maintain lung function (Fig.1). Thus, we propose that MSCs and LSCs are two potential cell sources for treating human CoV-induced lung injury.

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Stem cell therapy: a potential approach for treatment of influenza virus and coronavirus-induced acute lung injury - BMC Blogs Network

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

She just wanted to be somewhere safe, somewhere familiar, where people looked and spoke like her and she could stand to eat the food. Midnight Robber by Nalo Hopkinson

Midnight Robber (2000) is about a woman, divided. Raised on the high-tech utopian planet of Touissant, Tan-Tan grows up on a planet populated by the descendants of a Caribbean diaspora, where all labor is performed by an all-seeing AI. But when she is exiled to Touissants parallel universe twin planet, the no-tech New Half-Way Tree, with her sexually abusive father, she becomes divided between good and evil Tan-Tans. To make herself and New Half-Way Tree whole, she adopts the persona of the legendary Robber Queen and becomes a legend herself. It is a wondrous blend of science fictional tropes and Caribbean mythology written in a Caribbean vernacular which vividly recalls the history of slavery and imperialism that shaped Touissant and its people, published at a time when diverse voices and perspectives within science fiction were blossoming.

Science fiction has long been dominated by white, Western perspectives. Vernes tech-forward adventures and Wells sociological allegories established two distinctive styles, but still centered on white imperialism and class struggle. Subsequent futures depicted in Verne-like pulp and Golden Age stories, where lone white heroes conquered evil powers or alien planets, mirrored colonialist history and the subjugation of non-white races. The civil rights era saw the incorporation of more Wellsian sociological concerns, and an increase in the number of non-white faces in the future, but they were often tokensparts of a dominant white monoculture. Important figures that presaged modern diversity included Star Treks Lieutenant Uhura, played by Nichelle Nichols. Nichols was the first black woman to play a non-servant character on TV; though her glorified secretary role frustrated Nichols, her presence was a political act, showing there was space for black people in the future.

Another key figure was the musician and poet Sun Ra, who laid the aesthetic foundation for what would become known as the Afrofuturist movement (the term coined by Mark Dery in a 1994 essay), which showed pride in black history and imagined the future through a black cultural lens. Within science fiction, the foundational work of Samuel Delany and Octavia Butler painted realistic futures in which the histories and cultural differences of people of color had a place. Finally, an important modern figure in the decentralization of the dominant Western perspective is Nalo Hopkinson.

A similarly long-standing paradigm lies at the heart of biology, extending back to Darwins theoretical and Mendels practical frameworks for the evolution of genetic traits via natural selection. Our natures werent determined by experience, as Lamarck posited, but by genes. Therefore, genes determine our reproductive fitness, and if we can understand genes, we might take our futures into our own hands to better treat disease and ease human suffering. This theory was tragically over-applied, even by Darwin, who in Descent of Man (1871) conflated culture with biology, assuming the Wests conquest of indigenous cultures meant white people were genetically superior. After the Nazis committed genocide in the name of an all-white future, ideas and practices based in eugenics declined, as biological understanding of genes matured. The Central Dogma of the 60s maintained the idea of a mechanistic meaning of life, as advances in genetic engineering and the age of genomics enabled our greatest understanding yet of how genes and disease work. The last major barrier between us and our transhumanist future therefore involved understanding how genes determine cellular identity, and as well see, key figures in answering that question are stem cells.

***

Hopkinson was born December 20, 1960 in Kingston, Jamaica. Her mother was a library technician and her father wrote, taught, and acted. Growing up, Hopkinson was immersed in the Caribbean literary scene, fed on a steady diet of theater, dance, readings, and visual arts exhibitions. She loved to readfrom folklore, to classical literature, to Kurt Vonnegutand loved science fiction, from Spock and Uhura on Star Trek, to Le Guin, James Tiptree Jr., and Delany. Despite being surrounded by a vibrant writing community, it didnt occur to her to become a writer herself. What they were writing was poetry and mimetic fiction, Hopkinson said, whereas I was reading science fiction and fantasy. It wasnt until I was 16 and stumbled upon an anthology of stories written at the Clarion Science Fiction Workshop that I realized there were places where you could be taught how to write fiction. Growing up, her family moved often, from Jamaica to Guyana to Trinidad and back, but in 1977, they moved to Toronto to get treatment for her fathers chronic kidney disease, and Hopkinson suddenly became a minority, thousands of miles from home.

Development can be described as an orderly alienation. In mammals, zygotes divide and subsets of cells become functionally specialized into, say, neurons or liver cells. Following the discovery of DNA as the genetic material in the 1950s, a question arose: did dividing cells retain all genes from the zygote, or were genes lost as it specialized? British embryologist John Gurdon addressed this question in a series of experiments in the 60s using frogs. Gurdon transplanted nuclei from varyingly differentiated cells into oocytes stripped of their genetic material to see if a new frog was made. He found the more differentiated a cell was, the lower the chance of success, but the successes confirmed that no genetic material was lost. Meanwhile, Canadian biologists Ernest McCulloch and James Till were transplanting bone marrow to treat irradiated mice when they noticed it caused lumps in the mices spleens, and the number of lumps correlated with the cellular dosage. Their lab subsequently demonstrated that each lump was a clonal colony from a single donor cell, and a subset of those cells was self-renewing and could form further colonies of any blood cell type. They had discovered hematopoietic stem cells. In 1981 the first embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from mice were successfully propagated in culture by British biologist Martin Evans, winning him the Nobel Prize in 2007. This breakthrough allowed biologists to alter genes in ESCs, then use Gurdons technique to create transgenic mice with that alteration in every cellcreating the first animal models of disease.

In 1982, one year after Evans discovery, Hopkinson graduated with honors from York University. She worked in the arts, as a library clerk, government culture research officer, and grants officer for the Toronto Arts Council, but wouldnt begin publishing her own fiction until she was 34. [I had been] politicized by feminist and Caribbean literature into valuing writing that spoke of particular cultural experiences of living under colonialism/patriarchy, and also of writing in ones own vernacular speech, Hopkinson said. In other words, I had models for strong fiction, and I knew intimately the body of work to which I would be responding. Then I discovered that Delany was a black man, which opened up a space for me in SF/F that I hadnt known I needed. She sought out more science fiction by black authors and found Butler, Charles Saunders, and Steven Barnes. Then the famous feminist science fiction author and editor Judy Merril offered an evening course in writing science fiction through a Toronto college, Hopkinson said. The course never ran, but it prompted me to write my first adult attempt at a science fiction story. Judy met once with the handful of us she would have accepted into the course and showed us how to run our own writing workshop without her. Hopkinsons dream of attending Clarion came true in 1995, with Delany as an instructor. Her early short stories channeled her love of myth and folklore, and her first book, written in Caribbean dialect, married Caribbean myth to the science fictional trappings of black market organ harvesting. Brown Girl in the Ring (1998) follows a young single mother as shes torn between her ancestral culture and modern life in a post-economic collapse Toronto. It won the Aspect and Locus Awards for Best First Novel, and Hopkinson was awarded the John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer.

In 1996, Dolly the Sheep was created using Gurdons technique to determine if mammalian cells also could revert to more a more primitive, pluripotent state. Widespread animal cloning attempts soon followed, (something Hopkinson used as a science fictional element in Brown Girl) but it was inefficient, and often produced abnormal animals. Ideas of human cloning captured the public imagination as stem cell research exploded onto the scene. One ready source for human ESC (hESC) materials was from embryos which would otherwise be destroyed following in vitro fertilization (IVF) but the U.S. passed the Dickey-Wicker Amendment prohibited federal funding of research that destroyed such embryos. Nevertheless, in 1998 Wisconsin researcher James Thomson, using private funding, successfully isolated and cultured hESCs. Soon after, researchers around the world figured out how to nudge cells down different lineages, with ideas that transplant rejection and genetic disease would soon become things of the past, sliding neatly into the hole that the failure of genetic engineering techniques had left behind. But another blow to the stem cell research community came in 2001, when President Bushs stem cell ban limited research in the U.S. to nineteen existing cell lines.

In the late 1990s, another piece of technology capturing the public imagination was the internet, which promised to bring the world together in unprecedented ways. One such way was through private listservs, the kind used by writer and academic Alondra Nelson to create a space for students and artists to explore Afrofuturist ideas about technology, space, freedom, culture and art with science fiction at the center. It was wonderful, Hopkinson said. It gave me a place to talk and debate with like-minded people about the conjunction of blackness and science fiction without being shouted down by white men or having to teach Racism 101. Connections create communities, which in turn create movements, and in 1999, Delanys essay, Racism and Science Fiction, prompted a call for more meaningful discussions around race in the SF community. In response, Hopkinson became a co-founder of the Carl Brandon society, which works to increase awareness and representation of people of color in the community.

Hopkinsons second novel, Midnight Robber, was a breakthrough success and was nominated for Hugo, Nebula, and Tiptree Awards. She would also release Skin Folk (2001), a collection of stories in which mythical figures of West African and Afro-Caribbean culture walk among us, which would win the World Fantasy Award and was selected as one ofThe New York Times Best Books of the Year. Hopkinson also obtained masters degree in fiction writing (which helped alleviate U.S. border hassles when traveling for speaking engagements) during which she wrote The Salt Roads (2003). I knew it would take a level of research, focus and concentration I was struggling to maintain, Hopkinson said. I figured it would help to have a mentor to coach me through it. That turned out to be James Morrow, and he did so admirably. Roads is a masterful work of slipstream literary fantasy that follows the lives of women scattered through time, bound together by the salt uniting all black life. It was nominated for a Nebula and won the Gaylactic Spectrum Award. Hopkinson also edited anthologies centering around different cultures and perspectives, including Whispers from the Cotton Tree Root: Caribbean Fabulist Fiction (2000), Mojo: Conjure Stories (2003), and So Long, Been Dreaming: Postcolonial Science Fiction & Fantasy (2004). She also came out with the award-winning novelThe New Moons Arms in 2007, in which a peri-menopausal woman in a fictional Caribbean town is confronted by her past and the changes she must make to keep her family in her life.

While the stem cell ban hamstrung hESC work, Gurdons research facilitated yet another scientific breakthrough. Researchers began untangling how gene expression changed as stem cells differentiated, and in 2006, Shinya Yamanaka of Kyoto University reported the successful creation of mouse stem cells from differentiated cells. Using a list of 24 pluripotency-associated genes, Yamanaka systematically tested different gene combinations on terminally differentiated cells. He found four genesthereafter known as Yamanaka factorsthat could turn them into induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and he and Gurdon would share a 2012 Nobel prize. In 2009, President Obama lifted restrictions on hESC research, and the first clinical trial involving products made using stem cells happened that year. The first human trials using hESCs to treat spinal injuries happened in 2014, and the first iPSC clinical trials for blindness began this past December.

Hopkinson, too, encountered complications and delays at points in her career. For years, Hopkinson suffered escalating symptoms from fibromyalgia, a chronic disease that runs in her family, which interfered with her writing, causing Hopkinson and her partner to struggle with poverty and homelessness. But in 2011, Hopkinson applied to become a professor of Creative Writing at the University of California, Riverside. It seemed in many ways tailor-made for me, Hopkinson said. They specifically wanted a science fiction writer (unheard of in North American Creative Writing departments); they wanted someone with expertise working with a diverse range of people; they were willing to hire someone without a PhD, if their publications were sufficient; they were offering the security of tenure. She got the job, and thanks to a steady paycheck and the benefits of the mild California climate, she got back to writing. Her YA novel, The Chaos (2012), coming-of-age novelSister Mine (2013), and another short story collection, Falling in Love with Hominids (2015) soon followed. Her recent work includes House of Whispers (2018-present), a series in DC Comics Sandman Universe, the final collected volume of which is due out this June. Hopkinson also received an honorary doctorate in 2016 from Anglia Ruskin University in the U.K., and was Guest of Honor at 2017 Worldcon, a year in which women and people of color dominated the historically white, male ballot.

While the Yamanaka factors meant that iPSCs became a standard lab technique, iPSCs are not identical to hESCs. Fascinatingly, two of these factors act together to maintain the silencing of large swaths of DNA. Back in the 1980s, researchers discovered that some regions of DNA are modified by small methyl groups, which can be passed down through cell division. Different cell types have different DNA methylation patterns, and their distribution is far from random; they accumulate in the promoter regions just upstream of genes where their on/off switches are, and the greater the number of methyl groups, the lesser the genes expression. Furthermore, epigenetic modifications, like methylation, can be laid down by our environments (via diet, or stress) which can also be passed down through generations. Even some diseases, like fibromyalgia, have recently been implicated as such an epigenetic disease. Turns out that the long-standing biological paradigm that rejected Lamarck also missed the bigger picture: Nature is, in fact, intimately informed by nurture and environment.

In the past 150 years, we have seen ideas of community grow and expand as the world became more connected, so that they now encompass the globe. The histories of science fiction and biology are full of stories of pioneers opening new doorsbe they doors of greater representation or greater understanding, or bothand others following. If evolution has taught us anything, its that nature abhors a monoculture, and the universe tends towards diversification; healthy communities are ones which understand that we are not apart from the world, but of it, and that diversity of types, be they cells or perspectives, is a strength.

Kelly Lagor is a scientist by day and a science fiction writer by night. Her work has appeared at Tor.com and other places, and you can find her tweeting about all kinds of nonsense @klagor

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On the Origins of Modern Biology and the Fantastic: Part 18 Nalo Hopkinson and Stem Cell Research - tor.com

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

SUZHOU, China and SHANGHAI, May 29, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- Gracell Biotechnologies Co., Ltd. ("Gracell"), a clinical-stage immune cell and gene therapy company, today announced that two presentations were accepted at the 2020 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Virtual Scientific Program.

Both presentations can be found in the Development Therapeutics Immunotherapy session, central on Gracell's TruUCAR GC027 in relapsed or refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (r/r T-ALL) patients and EnhancedCAR GC008t in patients with advanced mesothelin-positive solid tumors.

"We are delighted to report on both TruUCAR GC027 in T-ALL and EnhancedCAR GC008t in solid tumors" said Dr. Martina Sersch, CMO of Gracell. "and glad to share safety and preliminary efficacy data on two of our exciting new CAR-T platform therapies with the scientific community at the ASCO annual meeting." Dr. William CAO, CEO of Gracell, added "Thanks to our highly efficient gene editing capability, CAR-T cells with PD-1 gene edited are generated to have enhanced capability of tumor control in inhibitory tumor microenvironment. We believe this strategy will improve CAR-T/TCR-T's potency against solid tumors.Gracell carried out this strategy as early as 2017, upon our foundation. With two years' preclinical and clinical investigations, we are very glad to see it showing first encouraging results in an effort to enhance CAR-T cells to combat solid tumors".

Session type: poster discussionAbstract Title: Safety and efficacy results of GC027: The first-in-human, universal CAR-T cell therapy for adult relapsed/refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (r/r T-ALL)Abstract ID: 3013Link: https://meetinglibrary.asco.org/record/185068/poster

Session type: posterAbstract Title: Phase I study of CRISPR-engineered CAR-T cells with PD-1 inactivation in treating mesothelin-positive solid tumorsAbstract ID: 3038Link:https://meetinglibrary.asco.org/record/189057/poster

About TruUCAR

TruUCAR is Gracell's proprietary and patented platform technology, with selected genes being edited to avoid GvHD and immune rejection without using strong immunosuppressive drugs. In addition to T-ALL antigen, the platform technology can also be implemented for other targets of hematological malignancies.

About GC027

GC027is an investigational, off-the-shelf CAR-T cell therapy, redirected to CD7 for the treatment of T cell malignancies. GC027 was manufactured from T cells of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) unmatched healthy donors using TruUCAR technology, which is expected to improve efficacy and reduce production time, available for off-the-shelf use in a timely manner.

About EnhancedCAR

EnhancedCAR is Gracell's proprietary and patented platform technology, with selected genes edited to enhance immune cell performance in terms of killing efficiency, in vivo persistence, including selected PD-1 and TCR mediations. The technology can be implemented to many other targets with high editing precision and efficiency.

About GC008t

GC008t is an investigational, autologous CAR-T cell therapy, redirected to mesothelin with PD-1 disruption for the treatment of mesothelin-positive solid tumors. With PD-1 knocking out, GC008t is expected improve persistence and clinical efficacy.

About T-ALL

T - Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive form of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, with a diffuse invasion of bone marrow and peripheral blood. In 2015, T-ALL affected around 876,000 people globally and resulted in 110,000 deaths worldwide. T-ALL compromises about 15%-20% of all children and adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia[1].Current standard of care therapies for T-ALL are chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. 40-50% of patients will experience relapse within two years following front line therapy with limited treatment options available[2][3]. Treatment of relapsed and refractory T-ALL remains a high unmet medical need.

About Mesothelin-positive Solid Tumors

Mesothelin, a cell surface antigen, has high expression to a broad spectrum of solid tumors while express low levels on normal cells. Mesothelin is believed as a good target for multiple solid tumors. The GC008t study enrolled patients with advanced solid tumors, including pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, and colorectal cancer, of which clinical outcome of standard of care remains poor.

About Gracell

Gracell Biotechnologies Co., Ltd. ("Gracell") is a clinical-stage biotech company, committed to developing highly reliable and affordable cell gene therapies for cancer. Gracell is dedicated to resolving the remaining challenges in CAR-T, such as high production costs, lengthy manufacturing process, lack of off-the-shelf products, and inefficacy against solid tumors. Led by a group of world-class scientists, Gracell is advancing FasTCAR, TruUCAR (off-the-shelf CAR), DualCAR and EnhancedCAR-T cell therapies for leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, and solid tumors.

[1]Pediatric hematologic Malignancies: T-cell acute lymphoblastic Leukemia, Hematology 2016

[2]Progress and innovations in the management JAMA Oncol 2018

[3]Defining the course and prognosis of adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Cancer 2010

SOURCE Gracell

http://www.gracellbio.com

Read the original here:
Gracell Announces Two Presentations at the Annual Meeting of American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) - PRNewswire

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Surplus protein: Male mice that overproduce proteins in microglia have enlarged microglia and more synapses (right) than controls do (left).

The overproduction of proteins in brain cells called microglia causes social impairments, cognitive deficits and repetitive behavior in male mice, a new study has found.1 These behavioral differences are not present in female mice, or in mice that produce excess protein in other brain cells, including neurons or star-shaped support cells known as astrocytes.

Microglia help eliminate excess synapses connections between brain cells that form early in life; this pruning process is crucial to healthy brain development. But male mice that have been engineered to overproduce proteins in these cells have enlarged microglia. That, in turn, lowers the cells mobility and may prevent them from migrating to synapses that need eliminating.

In support of that idea, the mice have too many synapses, the researchers found a result that mirrors evidence that certain brain regions may be overconnected in people with autism.

Increased protein synthesis in microglia is sufficient to cause autism phenotypes in mice, says lead investigator Baoji Xu, professor of neuroscience at the Scripps Research Institute in Jupiter, Florida. Problems in microglia could be an important pathological mechanism for autism.

The researchers studied mice that produce excess levels of EIF4E, a protein that facilitates the synthesis of other proteins. Mutations in several genes linked to autism including TSC1, TSC2, PTEN and FMR1 are associated with elevated levels of an active form of EIF4E and, as a result, many other proteins in the brain. Mice that overproduce EIF4E also display autism-like behavior, researchers have previously found.

These findings have led researchers to theorize that increased protein production in the brain may underlie autism and several related disorders. But the precise link has remained unclear at least until the new work.

By looking at different cells within the mouse brain, they were able to demonstrate the mechanism, says Zosia Miedzybrodzka, professor of medical genetics at the University of Aberdeen in Scotland, who was not involved in the research. Understanding if these same mechanisms are at work in humans is key.

Xus team engineered mice that overproduce EIF4E in specific brain cells: microglia, astrocytes and neurons. Then they put the mice through a battery of behavioral tests. They found that male mice that make extra ElF4E in their microglia are less social, have problems with learning and memory, and overgroom traits considered analogous to those seen in autistic people.

Although female mice also produced excess protein in their microglia, they did not display the same behavioral changes. Nor did mice that overproduced EIF4E in astrocytes or in neurons, although the latter displayed signs of anxiety. The study was published in April in Nature Communications.

Male mice with excess microglial EIF4E have more and larger microglia than control mice do, but their cells are less mobile, and the animals have more synapses.

Although the microglia are bigger, they arent able to migrate, Xu says.

Together, the findings suggest that in male mice, protein overproduction impairs the ability of microglia to travel to synapses that need pruning, altering the animals brain circuitry and behavior in ways that resemble autism in people.

The research provides convincing evidence that the overproduction of proteins in microglia can cause autism-like features, says Eric Klann, director of the Center for Neural Science at New York University, who was not involved in the research.

But Klann says he is not ready to rule out the possibility that elevated protein levels in neurons may play a role, too; ramping up protein production in all of the brains neurons may have masked an effect in certain sub-populations of the cells.

It would be interesting if they had done this manipulation looking at specific subtypes of neurons, Klann says.

It is also not yet clear why none of the microglial abnormalities appeared in female mice, Xu says, but the finding is especially intriguing given that autism is more common in boys than girls.

You have a mechanism that points to why there might be a sex bias in autistic spectrum disorder, which has thus far been elusive, Miedzybrodzka says. Drugs that target microglia might be developed to treat autism and related conditions, she says.

Xu and his colleagues are trying to figure out why female mice seem to be protected from the consequences of protein overproduction in microglia, and to identify specific proteins that might cause the abnormalities in the cells.

Read more here:
Extra proteins alter microglia and behavior in mice - Spectrum

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Each week, HealthDay's Physician's Briefing division rounds up the most important COVID-19 developments in the medical field. See this week's edition below for May 25-May 29.

VA Slashes Use of Hydroxychloroquine to Treat COVID-19 Patients

FRIDAY, May 29, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- The VA health system has stopped nearly all use of hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 patients, Veterans Affairs Secretary Robert Wilkie said at a House hearing on Thursday.

Read Full Article

Deferment of Elective Surgeries Due to COVID-19 Will Have Lasting Impact

FRIDAY, May 29, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- At two years after the end of the elective orthopedic surgery deferment related to the COVID-19 pandemic, there will be a cumulative backlog of more than 1 million surgical cases in an optimistic scenario, according to a study published online May 12 in The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.

Read Full Article

Remdesivir Use Growing Globally in COVID-19 Patients

FRIDAY, May 29, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Worldwide more physicians are using remdesivir to treat COVID-19 patients, according to a survey released May 21 by Sermo, a global health care polling company and social platform for physicians.

Read Full Article

Five-Day Course of Remdesivir Beneficial in Severe COVID-19

FRIDAY, May 29, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- There seems to be no significant difference between a five- and 10-day course of remdesivir for patients with severe COVID-19 not requiring mechanical ventilation, according to a study published online May 27 in the New England Journal of Medicine.

Read Full Article

Burden of Severe COVID-19 High in California, Washington State

FRIDAY, May 29, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- For residents of California and Washington with COVID-19, the length of hospital stay and intensive care unit admission are high, according to a study published online May 22 in The BMJ.

Read Full Article

Positive RT-PCR Findings Seen After COVID-19 Discharge

FRIDAY, May 29, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Some patients with COVID-19 have positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction results after discharge, according to a research letter published online May 28 in JAMA Network Open.

Read Full Article

CDC: Coronavirus Antibody Tests Still Not Accurate Enough

THURSDAY, May 28, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Coronavirus antibody test results may not be accurate enough to help guide decisions about whether to allow large groups of people to gather at work, schools, dormitories, correctional facilities, and other locations, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Wednesday.

Read Full Article

Parents Facing Higher Levels of Stress During Pandemic

THURSDAY, May 28, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Individuals, particularly parents, are coping with extreme stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic, according to the results of a survey released May 21 by the American Psychological Association.

Read Full Article

CV Toxicity Tied to Azithromycin and/or Hydroxychloroquine

THURSDAY, May 28, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin may have a serious adverse impact on the cardiovascular system, according to a research letter published online May 22 in Circulation.

Read Full Article

Improving Glycemic Control May Also Aid COVID-19 Outcomes

THURSDAY, May 28, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Insulin infusion helps achieve glycemic targets and may reduce the risk for poor outcomes in patients with hyperglycemia and COVID-19, according to a study published online May 19 in Diabetes Care.

Read Full Article

Parents Struggling to Provide for Families During Pandemic

WEDNESDAY, May 27, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- The COVID-19 pandemic poses risks to children's health, well-being, and development as parents struggle to provide for their families, according to a survey released by the Urban Institute.

Read Full Article

U.K. Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Are More Often Male

WEDNESDAY, May 27, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 are more often male and frequently have comorbidities, according to a study published online May 22 in the The BMJ.

Read Full Article

Neuroimaging Features of COVID-19 Are Variable

WEDNESDAY, May 27, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Neuroimaging features of COVID-19 are variable among patients with acute neurological symptoms but are dominated by acute ischemic infarcts, according to a research letter published online May 21 in Radiology.

Read Full Article

African-Americans More Likely to Be Hospitalized With COVID-19

WEDNESDAY, May 27, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- African-American patients have an increased likelihood of hospitalization for COVID-19, according to a report published online May 21 in Health Affairs.

Read Full Article

WHO Suspends Testing of Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 Patients

TUESDAY, May 26, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- The World Health Organization has suspended use of the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine in a clinical trial of treatments of COVID-19 after a study revealed that patients taking the drug are at increased risk for death and serious heart problems.

Read Full Article

Remdesivir Beats Placebo for Time to COVID-19 Recovery

TUESDAY, May 26, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- For adults hospitalized with COVID-19 with lower respiratory tract infection, time to recovery is shorter with remdesivir than placebo, according to a study published online May 22 in the New England Journal of Medicine.

Read Full Article

Hydroxychloroquine Plus Macrolides No Benefit in COVID-19

TUESDAY, May 26, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with COVID-19 requiring hospitalization, there is no evidence of benefit for use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide, according to a study published online May 22 in The Lancet.

Read Full Article

Adenovirus Type-5 Vectored COVID-19 Vaccine Shows Promise

TUESDAY, May 26, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- A recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine is safe, tolerable, and immunogenic, according to a study published online May 22 in The Lancet.

Read Full Article

Placental Injury Seen in Pregnant Women With SARS-CoV-2

TUESDAY, May 26, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Higher rates of decidual arteriopathy and other maternal vascular malperfusion features are seen in placentas of women with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, according to a study published online May 22 in the American Journal of Clinical Pathology.

Read Full Article

Right Ventricular Dilation Linked to Mortality in COVID-19

TUESDAY, May 26, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Right ventricular dilation is associated with in-hospital mortality among patients hospitalized with COVID-19, according to a study published online May 15 in JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging.

Read Full Article

Read the rest here:
HealthDay Reports: UK Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Are More Often Male - HealthDay Coronavirus Liveblog

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Did you know that male honey bees dont have a father? A novel aspect of honey bee reproduction is that they get their genetics straight from the queen, and they have a grandfather but not a father.

That tidbit was enough to intrigue Ryan Giesecke to get interested in the honey bee game. A beekeeper had talked his ear off at a barbecue after a bee had peacefully landed on Giesecke.

I turned and kind of gently tried to blow her off of my shoulder, he says. The guy I was talking to said, Wow, thats a really good reaction. Youre not scared of bees. You should be a beekeeper.

Six months later, his new friend called him and said, Remember how you wanted to be a beekeeper? Suddenly, he had his first two hives. At first, he thought it was going to be a two-hive hobby, but his experience with ladders and power tools resulted in him removing bees from the walls at his aunts, uncles and parents homes. Next, he founded Honey Bee Relocation Services. Here are his thoughts on what we can learn from the hobby:

Link:
Lessons we can learn from the honeybees - Advocate Media

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

BOTHELL, Wash.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Seattle Genetics, Inc.. today announced positive results from exploratory analyses of intracranial efficacy, including survival, in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who had stable or active brain metastases in the HER2CLIMB pivotal trial of TUKYSA (tucatinib). HER2CLIMB compared TUKYSA in combination with trastuzumab and capecitabine to trastuzumab and capecitabine alone in patients with unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer with or without brain metastases. Of the patients enrolled in the trial, 48 percent had a presence or history of brain metastases. Results demonstrated that the addition of TUKYSA to trastuzumab and capecitabine in patients with brain metastases delayed progression in the brain, doubled the intracranial response rate (tumor shrinkage in the brain) and reduced the overall risk of death by nearly half. The data were consistent across patients who had either stable or active brain metastases. Results were presented in an oral presentation in the virtual scientific program of the 2020 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting and simultaneously published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.

This press release features multimedia. View the full release here: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200529005149/en/

(Photo: Business Wire)

TUKYSA in combination with trastuzumab and capecitabine was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in April 2020 for adult patients with advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer, including patients with brain metastases, who have received one or more prior anti-HER2-based regimens in the metastatic setting. Primary results from HER2CLIMB were first presented at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium in December 2019 and published in the New England Journal of Medicine.

It is immensely gratifying to see for the first time, results for patients with stable or active brain metastases who are not typically included in clinical trials, especially when you consider that nearly half of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer experience disease progression to the brain, said Nancy U. Lin, M.D., director of the Metastatic Breast Cancer Program in the Susan F. Smith Center for Womens Cancers at Dana-Farber in Boston, MA. These additional analyses provide further evidence that TUKYSA improves survival and delays cancer progression in the brain for patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer who have brain metastases.

These additional analyses, together with the primary analysis of HER2CLIMB, show TUKYSA is active for patients with and without disease that has spread to the brain, said Roger Dansey, M.D., Chief Medical Officer of Seattle Genetics. We continue to be encouraged by the remarkable clinical activity of TUKYSA in combination with trastuzumab and capecitabine and look forward to evaluating its potential in additional treatment settings and tumor types through our ongoing clinical program.

The new data that further examine TUKYSAs effect in the brain include exploratory analyses for central nervous system progression-free survival (CNS-PFS), overall survival (OS), intracranial objective response rate (ORR-IC) and duration of response in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients whose disease had spread to the brain.

The exploratory analyses demonstrated that patients with brain metastases who received the TUKYSA combination versus trastuzumab and capecitabine alone had:

Endpoint

TUKYSA Arm (TUKYSA + trastuzumab + capecitabine)

Control Arm (Placebo + trastuzumab + capecitabine)

OS Benefit in All Patients with Brain Metastases

N=198

N=93

Risk Reduction

42% (Hazard Ratio [HR]=0.58 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.40, 0.85]; p=0.005)

One-Year OS

70.1% (95% CI: 62.1, 76.7)

46.7% (95% CI: 33.9, 58.4)

Median OS

18.1 months (95% CI: 15.5, not estimable)

12 months (95% CI: 11.2, 15.2)

CNS-PFS Benefit in All Patients with Brain Metastases

N=198

N=93

Risk Reduction

68% (HR=0.32 [95% CI: 0.22, 0.48]; p<0.0001)

One-year CNS-PFS

40.2% (95% CI: 29.5, 50.6)

0%

Median CNS-PFS

9.9 months (95% CI: 8.0, 13.9)

4.2 months (95% CI: 3.6, 5.7)

Intracranial Objective Response Rate (ORR-IC) in Patients with Active Brain Metastases and Measurable Intracranial Lesions at Baseline

N=55

N=20

Complete Response (CR)

3 (5.5%)

1 (5.0%)

Partial Response (PR)

23 (41.8%)

3 (15.0%)

Stable Disease

24 (43.6%)

16 (80.0%)

Progressive Disease

2 (3.6%)

0

Not Available

3 (5.5%)

0

ORR-IC (CR+PR)

26 (47%) (95% CI: 34, 61)

4 (20%) (95% CI: 6, 44)

Duration of Response-IC

6.8 months (95% CI: 5.5, 16.4)

3 months (95% CI: 3.0, 10.3)

About HER2CLIMB

HER2CLIMB is a multinational randomized (2:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled, active comparator, pivotal clinical trial comparing TUKYSA in combination with trastuzumab and capecitabine compared with trastuzumab and capecitabine alone in patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer who were previously treated with trastuzumab, pertuzumab and T-DM1. The primary endpoint of the trial was PFS per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 as determined by blinded independent central review (BICR) in the first 480 patients enrolled in the trial. HER2CLIMB enrolled a total of 612 patients to support the analyses of key secondary endpoints, including OS, PFS per BICR in patients with brain metastases at baseline and confirmed ORR.1

Results of Primary Analysis of HER2CLIMB

Control Arm (Placebo + trastuzumab + capecitabine)

PFS by BICR in the first 480 patients

46% reduction in risk of progression or death (HR=0.54 [95% CI: 0.42, 0.71]; p<0.00001; N=480)

OS

34% reduction in risk of death (HR=0.66 [95% CI: 0.50, 0.87]; p=0.0048; N=612)

PFS* by BICR in patients with brain metastases

52% reduction in risk of progression or death (HR=0.48 [95% CI: 0.34, 0.69]; p<.0.00001; N=291)

One-Year PFS

25% (95% CI: 17, 34)

0%

Median PFS

7.6 months (95% CI: 6.2, 9.5)

5.4 months (95% CI: 4.1, 5.7)

*standard RECIST, includes brain and body

In HER2CLIMB, serious adverse reactions occurred in 26 percent of patients who received TUKYSA. Serious adverse reactions occurring in 2 percent or more of patients who received TUKYSA were diarrhea (4%), vomiting (2.5%), nausea, abdominal pain, and seizure (2% each). The most common adverse reactions occurring in 20 percent or more of patients who received TUKYSA were diarrhea, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, nausea, fatigue, hepatotoxicity, vomiting, stomatitis, decreased appetite, abdominal pain, headache, anemia, and rash. Adverse reactions leading to treatment discontinuation occurred in 6 percent of patients who received TUKYSA; adverse reactions leading to treatment discontinuation of TUKYSA (in 1 percent or more of patients) were hepatotoxicity (1.5%) and diarrhea (1%).1

About HER2-Positive Breast Cancer

Patients with HER2-positive breast cancer have tumors with high levels of a protein called human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which promotes the growth of cancer cells. An estimated 279,100 new cases of breast cancer will be diagnosed in the U.S. in 2020.2 Between 15 and 20 percent of breast cancer cases are HER2-positive.3 Historically, HER2-positive breast cancer tends to be more aggressive and more likely to recur than HER2-negative breast cancer.3,4,5 Up to 50 percent of metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer patients develop brain metastases over time. 6,7,8

About TUKYSA (tucatinib)

TUKYSA is an oral, small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of HER2, a protein that contributes to cancer cell growth.1,9 In vitro (in lab studies), TUKYSA inhibited phosphorylation of HER2 and HER3, resulting in inhibition of downstream MAPK and AKT signaling and cell growth (proliferation), and showed anti-tumor activity in HER2-expressing tumor cells. In vivo (in living organisms), TUKYSA inhibited the growth of HER2-expressing tumors. The combination of TUKYSA and the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab showed increased anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo compared to either medicine alone.1

Important Safety Information

Warnings and Precautions

If diarrhea occurs, administer antidiarrheal treatment as clinically indicated. Perform diagnostic tests as clinically indicated to exclude other causes of diarrhea. Based on the severity of the diarrhea, interrupt dose, then dose reduce or permanently discontinue TUKYSA.

Monitor ALT, AST, and bilirubin prior to starting TUKYSA, every 3 weeks during treatment, and as clinically indicated. Based on the severity of hepatoxicity, interrupt dose, then dose reduce or permanently discontinue TUKYSA.

Adverse Reactions

Serious adverse reactions occurred in 26% of patients who received TUKYSA. Serious adverse reactions in 2% of patients who received TUKYSA were diarrhea (4%), vomiting (2.5%), nausea (2%), abdominal pain (2%), and seizure (2%). Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 2% of patients who received TUKYSA including sudden death, sepsis, dehydration, and cardiogenic shock.

Adverse reactions led to treatment discontinuation in 6% of patients who received TUKYSA; those occurring in 1% of patients were hepatotoxicity (1.5%) and diarrhea (1%). Adverse reactions led to dose reduction in 21% of patients who received TUKYSA; those occurring in 2% of patients were hepatotoxicity (8%) and diarrhea (6%).

The most common adverse reactions in patients who received TUKYSA (20%) were diarrhea, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, nausea, fatigue, hepatotoxicity, vomiting, stomatitis, decreased appetite, abdominal pain, headache, anemia, and rash.

Lab Abnormalities

In HER2CLIMB, Grade 3 laboratory abnormalities reported in 5% of patients who received TUKYSA were: decreased phosphate, increased ALT, decreased potassium, and increased AST. The mean increase in serum creatinine was 32% within the first 21 days of treatment with TUKYSA. The serum creatinine increases persisted throughout treatment and were reversible upon treatment completion. Consider alternative markers of renal function if persistent elevations in serum creatinine are observed.

Drug Interactions

Use in Specific Populations

For more information, please see the full Prescribing Information for TUKYSA here.

About Seattle Genetics

Seattle Genetics, Inc. is a global biotechnology company that discovers, develops and commercializes transformative medicines targeting cancer to make a meaningful difference in peoples lives. The company is headquartered in the Seattle, Washington area, and has offices in California, Switzerland and the European Union. For more information on our robust pipeline, visit http://www.seattlegenetics.com and follow @SeattleGenetics on Twitter.

Forward Looking Statements

Certain statements made in this press release are forward looking, such as those, among others, relating to the therapeutic potential of TUKYSA including its efficacy, safety and therapeutic uses, including its use in combination with trastuzumab and capecitabine to treat patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer with brain metastases who have received one or more previous anti-HER2 therapies, and its potential use in additional treatment settings and tumor types. Actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected or implied in these forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause such a difference include the difficulty and uncertainty of pharmaceutical product development; the possibility that adverse events or safety signals may occur; that utilization and adoption of TUKYSA by prescribing physicians may be limited due to impacts related to the COVID-19 pandemic, availability and extent of reimbursement or other factors; and that adverse regulatory actions may occur. More information about the risks and uncertainties faced by Seattle Genetics is contained under the caption Risk Factors included in the companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Seattle Genetics disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

Continued here:
Seattle Genetics Announces Positive Results from Exploratory Analyses of HER2CLIMB for TUKYSA (tucatinib) in Brain Metastases Patients With...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Each week, HealthDay's Physician's Briefing division rounds up the most important COVID-19 developments in the medical field. See this week's edition below for May 25-May 29.

VA Slashes Use of Hydroxychloroquine to Treat COVID-19 Patients

FRIDAY, May 29, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- The VA health system has stopped nearly all use of hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 patients, Veterans Affairs Secretary Robert Wilkie said at a House hearing on Thursday.

Read Full Article

Deferment of Elective Surgeries Due to COVID-19 Will Have Lasting Impact

FRIDAY, May 29, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- At two years after the end of the elective orthopedic surgery deferment related to the COVID-19 pandemic, there will be a cumulative backlog of more than 1 million surgical cases in an optimistic scenario, according to a study published online May 12 in The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.

Read Full Article

Remdesivir Use Growing Globally in COVID-19 Patients

FRIDAY, May 29, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Worldwide more physicians are using remdesivir to treat COVID-19 patients, according to a survey released May 21 by Sermo, a global health care polling company and social platform for physicians.

Read Full Article

Five-Day Course of Remdesivir Beneficial in Severe COVID-19

FRIDAY, May 29, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- There seems to be no significant difference between a five- and 10-day course of remdesivir for patients with severe COVID-19 not requiring mechanical ventilation, according to a study published online May 27 in the New England Journal of Medicine.

Read Full Article

Burden of Severe COVID-19 High in California, Washington State

FRIDAY, May 29, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- For residents of California and Washington with COVID-19, the length of hospital stay and intensive care unit admission are high, according to a study published online May 22 in The BMJ.

Read Full Article

Positive RT-PCR Findings Seen After COVID-19 Discharge

FRIDAY, May 29, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Some patients with COVID-19 have positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction results after discharge, according to a research letter published online May 28 in JAMA Network Open.

Read Full Article

CDC: Coronavirus Antibody Tests Still Not Accurate Enough

THURSDAY, May 28, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Coronavirus antibody test results may not be accurate enough to help guide decisions about whether to allow large groups of people to gather at work, schools, dormitories, correctional facilities, and other locations, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Wednesday.

Read Full Article

Parents Facing Higher Levels of Stress During Pandemic

THURSDAY, May 28, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Individuals, particularly parents, are coping with extreme stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic, according to the results of a survey released May 21 by the American Psychological Association.

Read Full Article

CV Toxicity Tied to Azithromycin and/or Hydroxychloroquine

THURSDAY, May 28, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin may have a serious adverse impact on the cardiovascular system, according to a research letter published online May 22 in Circulation.

Read Full Article

Improving Glycemic Control May Also Aid COVID-19 Outcomes

THURSDAY, May 28, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Insulin infusion helps achieve glycemic targets and may reduce the risk for poor outcomes in patients with hyperglycemia and COVID-19, according to a study published online May 19 in Diabetes Care.

Read Full Article

Parents Struggling to Provide for Families During Pandemic

WEDNESDAY, May 27, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- The COVID-19 pandemic poses risks to children's health, well-being, and development as parents struggle to provide for their families, according to a survey released by the Urban Institute.

Read Full Article

U.K. Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Are More Often Male

WEDNESDAY, May 27, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 are more often male and frequently have comorbidities, according to a study published online May 22 in the The BMJ.

Read Full Article

Neuroimaging Features of COVID-19 Are Variable

WEDNESDAY, May 27, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Neuroimaging features of COVID-19 are variable among patients with acute neurological symptoms but are dominated by acute ischemic infarcts, according to a research letter published online May 21 in Radiology.

Read Full Article

African-Americans More Likely to Be Hospitalized With COVID-19

WEDNESDAY, May 27, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- African-American patients have an increased likelihood of hospitalization for COVID-19, according to a report published online May 21 in Health Affairs.

Read Full Article

WHO Suspends Testing of Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 Patients

TUESDAY, May 26, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- The World Health Organization has suspended use of the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine in a clinical trial of treatments of COVID-19 after a study revealed that patients taking the drug are at increased risk for death and serious heart problems.

Read Full Article

Remdesivir Beats Placebo for Time to COVID-19 Recovery

TUESDAY, May 26, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- For adults hospitalized with COVID-19 with lower respiratory tract infection, time to recovery is shorter with remdesivir than placebo, according to a study published online May 22 in the New England Journal of Medicine.

Read Full Article

Hydroxychloroquine Plus Macrolides No Benefit in COVID-19

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Poll Finds Many Teachers and Students May Not Return to Schools Even as They Reopen - HealthDay Coronavirus Liveblog

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Metabolic imaging in conjunction with PSA testing could improve evaluation of treatment response and disease progression in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), according to data presented during the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2020 Virtual Scientific Program.

Thisapproach would address a frequently observed paradoxical response to treatmentwhereby radiographic disease progression occurs despite stable or declining PSAlevels, according to investigators.

Ina study of 123 men with mCRPC who received second-generation hormone therapy(either abiraterone or enzalutamide) post-taxane-based chemotherapy,investigators found that nearly 40% of men experienced radiographic progressionas determined by serial imaging with C-11 choline positron emissiontomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) despite having stable or declining PSAlevels.

JamalAlamiri, MB, BCh, of Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, and colleaguesdefined radiographic progression of disease by an increase in blood poolcorrected maximum standardized uptake value of the index lesion on C-11 cholinePET/CT scans. Patients underwent serial PSA testing and C-11 choline PET/CTscans every 3 to 6 months. They confirmed suspicious lesions using conventionalimaging, subsequent C-11 choline PET/CT evaluation, or by biopsy of themetastatic lesions whenever feasible.

Ofthe 123 men, 43% had radiographic disease progression while on abiraterone orenzalutamide, Dr Alamiris team reported. At the time of radiographicprogression, 60.4% of patients demonstrated a parallel rise in PSA levels(group A), whereas 39.6% had stable or declining PSA levels (group B).

Themedian PSA level at the time of radiographic progression was significantlyhigher for group A than group B (3.1 vs 1.3 ng/mL). Bone-predominanceprogression occurred more frequently in group B than group A (90% vs 65%). Themedian time until radiographic progression was significantly longer for group Athan group B (9.5 vs 3.9 months).

The study revealed the presence of 5or more metastatic lesions, bone metastatic lesions, and local or prostatic beddisease predicted a paradoxical response, Dr Alamiri told Renal & Urology News. Patients on enzalutamide were 4.6 timesmore likely to have a paradoxical response compared with those on abiraterone. Onmultivariable analysis, however, only local or prostatic bed disease remained asignificant predictor of paradoxical response.

As for why radiographic progressioncan occur despite stable or declining PSA levels, Dr Alamiri said itis possible prostate cancer cells gaintreatment-induced androgen-receptor (AR)-independent resistance mechanisms dueto exposure to multiple therapies. Invitro studies of cell lines have found AR-indifferent mCRPC cells that donot depend onAR pathways for growth. These cell lines showed resistanceagainst second-generation hormone therapies such as abiraterone andenzalultamide and expressed cross-resistance against taxane-based chemotherapy.It is unknown whether the genetic and molecular findings reported in thesestudies explain the paradoxical response described in our study, Dr Alamirisaid. Future studies performing genomic analysis on biopsy samples frommetastatic site from these patients are needed to see if they will mimic themolecular resistance mechanisms described in the in vitro studies.

Reference

Alamiri J, Ahmed ME, Andrews JR, etal. Radiographic paradoxical response in patients with metastatic castration-resistantprostate cancer (mCRPC) undergoing treatment with second-generation hormonetherapy (second-HT). Presented at the 2020 American Society of ClinicalOncology Virtual Scientific Program held May 29 to 31. Abstract 5577.

https://meetinglibrary.asco.org/record/188050/abstract

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PET/CT Imaging Potentially Useful in Evaluating mCRPC Treatment Response - Renal and Urology News

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

publication date: May. 29, 2020

By Alexandria Carolan

This story is part of The Cancer Letters ongoing coverage of COVID-19s impact on oncology. A full list of our coverage, as well as the latest meeting cancellations, is availablehere.

Radiation visitsmuch like preventative screenings, surgery, chemotherapy and screeningwere delayed or canceled at the peak of COVID-19 in the United States.

Now, the patients are returning, in some cases creating small upticks in demand for treatments that were delayed in March, April and May. In a few institutions, the return of the patients is creating wich-welcomed backlogs.

In a survey conducted by the American Society for Radiation Oncology April 16-30, 85% of oncology practices said radiation oncology appointments at their practices had decreased by about a third, even though their doors remained open through the pandemic. ASTRO received responses from 222 physician leaders of radiation oncology practices.

In the survey, 82% of respondents cited delayed/deferred treatment and 81% cited decreases in the number of patients being referred for radiation therapy.

On average, radiation oncology practices reported seeing two-thirds of their typical patient volume in late April. Source: ASTRO.

What were trying to do with the survey data is to dive deeper into that. We dont have the answers yet, because we simply are still collecting the data. But one of the questions we do want to ask isif there is a differential impact of COVID specific to cancer care, and to radiation delivery, that may or may not require some kind of policy-level intervention, or practice-level intervention, David Schwartz, co-author of the ASTRO study, said to The Cancer Letter.

This is where its now a global, community-wide freakout. What impacts some of these things is not just the physicians, nor even the diseaseits also the patient and communitys response to an overwhelming threat. Youre seeing people not showing up for surveillance, said Schwartz, professor and chair of the Department of Radiation Oncology at University of Tennessee Health Science Center.

Data from another survey, conducted by the American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network, showed that 79% of patients in active cancer treatment reported a delay to their health care (up from 27% in a previous survey). Seventeen percent of patients in active treatment reported delays to their cancer therapychemotherapy, radiation, or hormone therapy. The survey polled more than 1,200 cancer patients and survivors.

There are certain feeder cancers that keep the radiation oncology units busy. Those need to be diagnosed as a process. That process was brokenis broken, Len Lichtenfeld, deputy chief medical officer at ACS, said to The Cancer Letter. A breast cancer patient needs radiation following a lumpectomy, a prostatectomy that needs radiation, lung cancer patients that may benefit from radiation.

In the ACS CAN survey, 17% reported that the threat of COVID-19 prevented them from seeing a doctor for an illness or injury for which they would have otherwise sought treatment. Among those who delayed or canceled care, 59% said the decision was made by their health care provider.

Nearly half (46%) of cancer patients and survivors reported a deterioration to their financial situation that affected their ability to pay for care, an increase from 38% in the ACS CAN survey released in April.

What were going to see is a backlog of more advanced presentations in the future, with patients whose care has been affected and delayed by the pandemic, Sue S. Yom, professor in the Departments of Radiation Oncology and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at University of California, San Francisco, said to The Cancer Letter.

Radiation oncology is unique in that it requires such a specific commitment of time and resources over a very intensive period. I dont think that that is something that all patients have the ability to do right now, Yom said.

The uptick in demand for services is especially dramatic at New Yorks Mount Sinai Health System. Mount Sinai deferred appointments at the beginning of the crisis, and made room in its hospitals for an expected overflow of COVID-19 cases in the city. That overflow never came.

We have some outpatient facilities that patients were able to go to. Once we realized we were on the other side of the peak, and there wasnt really going to be a need to use our clinical areas, we started opening them up again and ramping up, Kenneth Rosenzweig, professor and system chair of radiation oncology at Mount Sinai Health System, said to The Cancer Letter.

As of today, the end of May, were actually at a higher volume of patients on treatment than our typical average, Rosenzweig said. I think part of that, another reason is that some of the patients who had been delayed are now on treatment. So, there was a bit of a backlogand now thats opened up.

Radiation appointments at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center plummeted during the peak of COVID-19. Now, MSK is seeing increases in radiation oncology appointments.

It was certainly expected that during that time where you would see, particularly in Aprilwhen the incidence [of COVID-19] was so high here, and we were seeing the ER flooded with patientsthat we would see a reduction in radiation oncology visits, Daniel Gomez, director of thoracic radiation oncology, and chief of radiation oncology, Manhattan Service, at MSK, said to The Cancer Letter.

Now that thats subsided, youre seeing the opposite effect, and with regard to patients wanting to come in and get their cancers treated.

On a policy level in the U.S., it is up to the states and counties to institute COVID-19 guidelines.

As the country learns how to deal with thisin policies, were downstream with those things. What might be going up in Tennessee might not be going up in New York or Chicago, Daniel V. Wakefield, co-author of the ASTRO survey, said to The Cancer Letter.

What well see as a patchwork quilt of changes based on local government ordinances across the country, on not just a state level, but really, on city-to-city level, said Wakefield, chief resident in the Department of Radiation Oncology at University of Tennessee Health Science Center and MPH 20 candidate at Harvard University.

Cancer hospitals are a part of this patchwork quilt.

What you are seeing is different phases of a pandemic. Everyones been in different acute and recovery phases, UCSFs Yom said. And I will say that now that San Francisco is sort of officially in reopening and recovery, we definitely are seeing a very dramatic uptick in our consultations. But, remember, the time from consultation to initiation of treatment can be a week to several weeks.

What were seeing now isnt reflected yet, but our numbers have been trending up for about the past week or two.

Many cancer experts have pointed out that COVID-19 has exacerbated health disparities, making the underserved more underserved (The Cancer Letter, May 22).

The maps that we see of COVID infection rate positivity can actually be overlayed onto cancer incidence and cancer mortality, said Schwartz, who is also in charge of COVID-19 testing and data collection in Memphis. It comes down to one overriding issue: social determinants of health.

This can be manifested as cancer, but also as chronic disease. And thats another issue that we see here in Memphisis that cancer incidences also overlap very tightly with the incidence of hypertension, especially uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes, stroke, heart attack, obesity, food insecurityall of those things, Schwartz said.

David Beyer, medical director of radiation oncology at the Cancer Centers of Northern Arizona Healthcare, has delayed radiation treatments and pivoted to telehealth whenever possible out of concern for the health of his staff and patients.

Beyer is the only physician at his clinic.

We dont know whats going to happen. We dont know who in our department is going to get sick. We are a small rural clinic, Beyer said. If I get sick or have to quarantine myself for two weeks, we have a serious problem. We have two radiation therapy technologists, and they actually deliver the treatments on a day-to-day basis to each patient. We have two of them. If one of them gets sick, or God forbid both of them get sick or have to self-quarantine, we have a problem.

Beyers clinic used to treat 25-30 patients per daynow he sees about 15-20.

There is one place where you can get screening mammograms. They are not doing screening mammograms right now, Beyer said. They made the same choice to shut down routine screening mammography. So, were not seeing breast cancer patients that otherwise mightve been diagnosed right now with an asymptomatic breast cancer.

Still, Beyers location in Sedona has been relatively spared from the coronavirus. As of May 25, his local hospital had one confirmed case of the disease. His staff members have been asking, When are we going to start seeing our new patients in person, instead of over the computer?

My answer is, Not yet, Beyer said. Were still sticking with the telehealth options as much as possible, so that we reduce the risk of exposing us and exposing them.

The next county over is the Navajo Nation. It exploded there. They have one of the highest rates of COVID anywhere in the country right now. Its not that its not closeits not right here. What were doing works right now, for us, Beyer said.

In Memphis, where ASTRO study architects Schwartz and Wakefield treat cancer patients, the spread of COVID-19 has been moderate. Nonetheless, the number of radiation oncology appointments at their clinic has declined.

Ours is a center where we dont have high concentrations of people living on top of each other like New York, or San Francisco, or Washington or Los Angelesand we experienced a much different pandemic, Wakefield said. Ours was more of a slow burn. And to be frank, now I think its starting to have more effect than what we were seeing in New York six weeks ago.

The population in Memphis tends to be poor and rural, Wakefield said. People drive their cars to the clinic rather than walk or take public transportation. High poverty rates and accompanying social risks leave its population and rural practices vulnerable.

In Memphis, there is a rural-urban divide, Schwartz said.

Memphis is in an agricultural area, but it represents the largest metropolitan area in this region of the mid-South. We do get rural populations, and do refer back patients to referral to rural practices, Schwartz said. My impression is that rural practices probably have been struggling, simply because they do depend very much on a steady stream of referrals to maintain the nuts and bolts of their practices.

Now, Schwartz and Wakefield are conducting a follow-up survey for ASTRO. That study is likely to show that demand for radiation oncology is continuing to rise.

Now, as the general relaxing of social distancing and restrictive measures have kind of been released at least to some degree, and the nation slowly returns to business, were starting to see a larger influx of patient numbers, Schwartz said. I also think, probably, the patients are more comfortable to come in.

Whatever loss of volume and losses of referrals that we got, I have to believe that the patients, too, are part of that issue. They simply did not feel comfortable coming in anywhere, let alone to a healthcare facility that was seeing patients with COVID, Schwartz said.

If patients are beginning to receive treatment for cancer that requires radiation after the fact, it may take weeks from there to show up in the data.

The number of cases of cancerthe screening test, the diagnoses, the visits starting with a primary care doctor, maybe a urologistall of those visits are way down, ACSs Lichtenfeld said. The normal progress of activity starts with diagnosis, and the treatment. And consequently, if the diagnoses are decreased because people arent going to see the doctor, then I wouldnt be surprised to see that radiation therapy is decreased.

One of the major messages thats been so hard to deliver during this pandemic has been, if you have to a or symptom of cancer, you need to see somebody and you need tonotwithstanding concerns about the risk of going to see a doctoryou have to break through that concern and get yourself taken care of.

The rest is here:
Radiation oncology appointments plummeted in the COVID-19 pandemicbut seem to be rising again - The Cancer Letter

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

As we begin to anticipate eagerly the loosening of the restrictions that have bounded our lives for the past many weeks, Ive been hankering most of all for resuming hugs with my grandchildren. All my friends who are blessed with being grandparents have been talking throughout the period of quarantine about their feelings of longing for the embrace of the kids.

It turns out that physical contact is a real need; it is vital for mental, emotional, and also physical health. Human beings are wired for contact. People who live alone as I do since the death of my husband three and a half years ago are starved for touch. An article that I read in Healthline makes clear that this deprivation doesnt apply only to sensual touch any and all positive touch is considered to be beneficial. Hot showers and rubbing your own feet can go only so far to relieve skin hunger.

In more than two months without physical contact with another person and in the environment of pervasive anxiety, my body has been releasing the stress hormone cortisol and has not enjoyed the release of oxytocin, sometimes called the love or cuddle hormone; its effects include increasing bonding and trust, which have been in short supply during this period of isolation. Thankfully, the two-dimensional social contacts enjoyed through Zoom meetings and FaceTime have countered the deprivation to some extent. But our bodies know that its not the same.

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After about two weeks into the restrictions, a package that I hadnt ordered arrived for me. My adult daughters had sent me an adorable stuffed animal, a Gund puppy with a sweet face and a soft body. They wanted me to have something to hug, and Im not embarrassed to admit that this sweet little dog has found a place on the pillow next to mine.

The mandated social distance exacerbated a brief emergency that I experienced in the kitchen one evening shortly after Passover. Following several weeks of isolation, my youngest daughter thankfully had recovered from symptoms of covid-19. She had come into my house more than 72 hours after she had tested negative for the virus, and we were being scrupulous to maintain a physical separation between us. I was in the kitchen cutting a bagel, and I carelessly sliced deep into the index finger on my left hand. Blood was gushing. Struggling to rip open the paper wrapping of several Band-Aids and keeping my pulsing, wounded finger under a stream of running cold water, I could hardly manage to wrap it by myself. But there was no way that I could ask for and receive help from my daughter.

My options were limited, because I wouldnt drive over to Holy Name Medical Center when hospital was overwhelmed with serious covid cases, and the nearby urgent care clinic had closed early on a Sunday evening. I had to do it myself, with advice on the phone from an AARP nurse, terrified that contact with another person could invite the disease. In emergency situations fear is especially palpable.

However, throughout the quiet weeks at home without physical contact, Ive had the recurring feeling that something sustaining in my life clearly has been missing.

Im becoming reconciled to the likelihood that some aspects of our earlier social life likely are gone forever. This springtime, most organizations are holding virtual galas on screen, so no handshakes or hugs are possible. But when these events do resume, perhaps by next fall or spring, people are going to hold back from the easy, warm welcomes of old, that involved physical touch. What will be the future of Israeli dance groups, square dancing, and choral singing, where people gather in close proximity? Will acquaintances who abstain from casual contact with people of the opposite sex hold back from supportive pats on the back and sweaty wedding dances with their friends of the same gender, understanding that danger could lurk again in droplets of perspiration? How sad it is that shaking the hand of a colleague will be perceived as a potential threat to well-being yet these are probable lasting legacies of the coronavirus. And after weeks of being cognizant of the need to cultivate compassion, I will keep in mind that there are people near and far who arent able to look forward to the restoration of positive touch in their daily lives.

As summer approaches, well bask in the comfort of cuddles with grandchildren once again, assuming that the kids will be trusting to join the embrace, after months of warnings to keep their distance. Well be able to enjoy the pleasures of a massage or a pedicure and having someone else wash our hair at the salon. Sitting close to friends and loved ones on the sofa while watching a movie and relaxing into a warm hug for several seconds are comforts too long denied that wont be taken for granted for some time to come. The restoration of positive touch is one of lifes blessings, for which we will share words of gratitude with family and friends for having come through the pandemic more or less intact. We could celebrate the first hug of renewed contact by citing the morning blessing of matir asurim, thanking God for setting us free from captivity.

More here:
Yearning to feel human contact once again - The Jewish Standard

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

A Baldock transgender man has opened up on his battle with alcohol and his mental health as he desperately fights for a body to match his identity.

Kade Mynott, 32, suffered with severe mental health problems as he struggled to come to terms with his true self prior to coming out as transgender.

He also became dependent on alcohol for a number of years before he bravely told his family and friends how he felt.

Now he has started taking testosterone and hopes to soon have top surgery - but NHS waiting times can be long and Kade is having to wear a restrictive chest binder which affects his asthma.

To help, a Go Fund Me page has been set up to raise 8,000 to get Kade the surgery he so desperately wants.

Kade has now courageously shared his story and explained what it has been like to come to terms with his identity:

For the majority of Kade's life so far, he has struggled with his identity and his mental health.

Talking about his experience, he said: "I've struggled for a long time with mental health issues and it clouded my judgements for many years.

"I got into drinking alcohol to deal with my problems so it took me a long time to be able to deal with how I felt.

"I was alcohol dependant for 10 years but I managed to get myself off it after it made my mental health issues worse. I managed to go cold turkey and get myself off alcohol in 2016.

"In the years that followed things started to become a lot clearer about my identity. I didn't manage to come out as transgender until I was age 30 in 2018.

"The whole experience was one of the toughest things I have had to deal with, not knowing who you are is a horrible thing to have to deal with.

"But you add on top the hate you have for yourself and your body for not seeing the outside match the inside.

"I'd shown a lotof signs as a child growing up with having my hair cut short. Even at the age of three I was refusing to wear dresses and skirts and just wanted to wear trousers like all my boy cousins were doing.

"I managed to come out to my mum first - I'm very close to my mum and she is extremely understanding and I'm very lucky to have such a great mum.

"One of my aunties also told me, when I came out, that when I was four I told her I wanted to be a boy. So I guess I have always known but just never knew how to deal with it all.

"My family have been very supportive, my friends have also, which is a great help.

"Like I said, I am extremely lucky to have such a good family around me because I know a lotof people can be the opposite and be disowned for being this way."

Fortunately today, transgender people can now seek help from the NHS in the form of hormone therapies and surgery, and Kade has also managed to get help.

Kade explained: "I went to my GP first to start my journey and she referredme to a NHS Transgender Clinic in London but with such high demand in patients over the past years the waiting lists are just getting longer and longer.

"I've heard there was up to a three or more years waiting time and I was starting to struggle with the dysphoria even more, so I decided to go private to start testosterone treatment.

"I was so happy the day I had the appointment and was told I could start testosterone. I was given Testogel, which was the best option for me as - because of my mental health conditions - the injections could of made my mood more unstable.

A transgender person is someone whose personal idea of their gender does not match with their assigned gender role.

For example a transgender man was born a woman but identifies as a man.

However, under this term, a personal can also identify as a combination of the two sexes or as neither.

Often people who identify as transgender suffer from gender dysphoria where there feel distress because of a mismatch between their biological sex and gender identity.

This is a recognised medical condition and often surgery and hormone treatment as well as psychological support can help with this.

Anyone needing help should see their GP who can refer them to a Gender Identity Clinic (GIC).

More information about gender dysphoria can also be found on the NHS website.

"The effects were slow at first until about the three month mark then my voice started dropping and I'd started getting a lot of body hair growth, and hunger - I wasso hungry all the time!

"I'm only just seven months on testosterone so I've got a lot more to experience yet."

Kade now wants to undergo top surgery but waiting times on the NHS can be long depending on the individual surgeon and clinic.

The waiting time is now affecting Kade and he is desperate to finally feel like his true self.

In a hope to get the surgery quicker, he decided to set up a Go Fund Me page to raise 8,000 to have the surgery privately.

"As I said there is a long waiting list to get an appointment at the NHS gender clinic and even after the first appointment I'd have to wait longer for a second appointment to discuss the option of surgery," he continued.

"It's got too hard waiting especially as you see other parts of your body changing more masculine but there is still obvious signs of being female.

"I'm having to wear binders that restrict my breathing and effect my asthma just to hide my chest.

"I'd be extremely grateful for anyone that donated any money, even the littlest of money helps.

"It would make me so happy to finally be able to live in a body that matches how i feel inside."

Kade also has a message for anyone else who is currently struggling to come to terms with their identity.

He said: "Make sure you talk about it to somebody you think you can trust, just sharing it with someone even if its somebody online takes a big weight off of your shoulders.

"It's okay to be confused and it's okay to not feel like your in the right body you can do things to change it."

The rest is here:
Baldock transgender man's painful battle to live in a body that matches his identity - Hertfordshire Mercury

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Medical intervention is required in case you have an irregular menstrual cycle

World Menstrual Hygiene Day is observed on May 28. This day is meant to raise awareness about menstrual hygiene and reduce the taboo around menstruation. Menstruation is a physiological process which is directly related to and responsible for the ability to bear children. The time from the first day of a woman's period to the day before the next period is the menstrual cycle. This cycle of approximately 26-30 days involves a lot of changes that occur in a woman's body in preparation for a pregnancy.

The main reproductive organs in a female are the uterus and two ovaries. The female hormones oestrogen and progesterone rise and fall with the cycle to orchestrate the maturation and release of an egg from the ovary around mid-cycle, which is then implanted in the uterus if it is fertilised by the sperm. Else, the thick lining of the uterus is shed at the end of the cycle in the form of periods. The cycle goes through a series of hormonal changes from day one of the cycle to the 14 day when an egg is released from the ovary and the uterus prepares for pregnancy. Fertility is known to depend on the menstrual cycle.

Also read:Irregular Periods? 5 Possible Reasons Other Than Pregnancy Every Girl Must Know

The menstrual cycle is divided into two phases: the follicular or the first half phase and the luteal phase or the second half. Follicular phase begins on day 1 of the cycle, during which time the hormone oestrogen stimulates the ovaries for growth of eggs, and ends with the ovulation or release of one egg. Luteal phase begins with ovulation during which time progesterone prepares and thickens the lining of the uterus in case of a pregnancy and ends as shedding of this lining or menses in the absence of fertilization.

The length of the follicular phase may vary while that of luteal phase is around 14 days. While the length of the menstrual cycle varies from one woman to another, it usually lasts 287 days.

Each menstrual cycle has a fertile window. This is the period during which women can conceive. In a standard cycle, the fertile window begins 5 days before ovulation and ends on the day of ovulation. While it is difficult to precisely tell when ovulation occurs, most women usually ovulate around 10 to 16 days prior to the next period. The fertile window also varies from cycle to cycle.

Also read:6 Ways To Deal With Excruciating Pain During Periods

The length of your menstrual cycle says a lot.It may serve as a potential indicator of hormonal imbalances and whether ovulation is occurring in a regular manner. A normal length cycle points to regular ovulation while a short or long menstrual cycle suggests that ovulation is either not occurring or occurring irregularly. The fertility rate of women with long or irregular cycles is also decreased.

A shorty cycle usually lasts for less than 21 daysPhoto Credit: iStock

A short cycle, usually less than 21 days, may indicate that ovaries have fewer eggs and may point to imminent menopause. It may also suggest that ovulation is not occurring as it should. If further tests confirm the same, conception may be difficult. A longer cycle (>35 days) also suggests that ovulation is not occurring or is not occurring in a regular manner, thus making conception difficult. Bleeding for a longer period, say more than 7 days, may also suggest that ovulation is not occurring in a regular manner.

Menstrual cycle characteristics therefore appear to have a key link with the fertility potential. Normal menstrual cycle has a robust link with ovulation and fertility potential. If you are in the reproductive age group and wish to conceive but you have irregular menstrual cycles, you must consult a specialist.

Also read:Top 4 Yoga Asanas For Irregular Periods

Irregular or no ovulation decreases the odds of conception without medical intervention. A woman less than 35 years of age with normal cycles who has been unable to conceive after a year of trying should consult a specialist. A woman over 35 with a normal menstrual cycle who has been trying for 6 months and has had no success should also seek a specialist's advice. Normal menstruation indicates regular ovulation, but there may be other reasons for not being able to conceive. As for irregular cycles, we know that ovulation does not occur in a regular manner in such cycles and medical attention is thus required.

(Dr Veena Aggarwal, MD IJCP Group of Publications, Medical Advisor Medtalks.in. She practices in her own clinic in South Delhi)

Disclaimer: The opinions expressed within this article are the personal opinions of the author. NDTV is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or validity of any information on this article. All information is provided on an as-is basis. The information, facts or opinions appearing in the article do not reflect the views of NDTV and NDTV does not assume any responsibility or liability for the same.

Original post:
World Menstrual Hygiene Day 2020: Everything You Need To Know About Your Menstrual Cycle And Fertility - NDTV Doctor

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