TAIPEI, April 8 (The China Post/ANN) A Taiwanese research team has produced 25 human monoclonal antibodies based on antibody gene segments from three patients infected with the COVID-19 coronavirus.

Huang Kuan-ying (), a resident physician at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital who led the research team, told the press Tuesday that the achievement could facilitate the development of not only rapid screening kits but also medication that targets the virus.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are immune system proteins that are created in the lab. They are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell. Like the bodys own antibodies, mAbs recognize specific targets.

The mAbs, made based on antibodies in B cells of the patients, are 13 strains targeting the spike protein (S) of the coronavirus and 12 strains targeting the nucleocapsid protein (N) of the virus.

B cells are a type of white blood cell that make antibodies. They are part of the immune system and develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. They are also called B lymphocyte.

Since the antibodies can identify the virus, they are useful in two areas, including the development and production of rapid testing agents, Huang said, and if such antibody testing agents react to tissue samples containing the virus, they can show the result in a minimum of 30 minutes.

The other area in which they can be used is therapy, Huang went on, because mAbs are regarded as magic bullets that can cure some infectious diseases.

His team found that there is one particular strain among the 13 S-targeting mAbs that has the ability to block the paths that the new coronavirus can use to invade the body, Huang said.

He explained that for the virus to enter cells, it has to integrate with the cell receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme 2, which is an enzyme attached to the outer surface of cells in organs.

The receptor is like a gate. If the virus outflanks an antibody to open it, the body will be infected, the researcher said. But if the antibody opens the gate first, it has the opportunity to stop the virus from entering cells.

Shih Shin-ru (), a professor at the Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections of Chang Gung University, said this certain mAb, which was found capable of stopping the coronavirus from invading the body, can be used in the development of COVID-19 therapies or even vaccines if it is proven effective in human tests in the future.

Compared with animal mAbs, those from humans will be safer to use in medical treatment, she added.

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Taiwanese team finds key antibodies in Covid-19 patients - The Star Online

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Key Point:The Mercurys abundant communications gear allows it to perform nonnuclear Command, Control and Communications (C3) operations as well. For this reason, E-6s have at times been deployed to Europe and the Middle East to serve as flying C3 hubs.

In a military that operates Raptor stealth fighters, A-10 tank busters, B-52 bombers and Harrier jump jets, the U.S. Navys placid-looking E-6 Mercury, based on the 707 airliner, seems particularly inoffensive. But dont be deceived by appearances. Though the Mercury doesnt carry any weapons of its own, it may be in a sense the deadliest aircraft operated by the Pentagon, as its job is to command the launch of land-based and sea-based nuclear ballistic missiles.

Of course, the U.S. military has a ground-based strategic Global Operations Center in Nebraska, and land-based transmitters for communicating with the nuclear triad. However, the E-6s sinister purpose is to maintain the communication link between the national command authority (starting with the president and secretary of defense) and U.S. nuclear forces, even if ground-based command centers are destroyed by an enemy first strike. In other words, you can chop off the head of the U.S. nuclear forces, but the body will keep on coming at you, thanks to these doomsday planes.

The E-6s basic mission is known as Take Charge and Move Out (TACAMO). Prior to the development of the E-6, theTACAMOmission was undertaken by land-based transmitter and laterEC-130Gand Q Hercules aircraft, which had Very Low Frequency radios for communication with navy submarines. Interestingly, France also operated its ownTACAMOaircraft until 2001, four modifiedTransallC-160HAstarttransports, which maintainedVLFcommunications with French ballistic-missile submarines.

The first of sixteenE-6sentered service between 1989 and 1992. These were the last built in averylong line of military variants of the venerable Boeing 707 airliner, in particular the707-320BAdvanced, also used in theE-3 Sentry. Bristling with thirty-one communication antennas, theE-6Aswere originally tasked solely with communicating with submerged Navy submarines. Retrofitted with more fuel-efficientCFM-56turbojets and benefiting from expanded fuel tanks, theE-6Acould remain in the air up to fifteen hours, or seventy-two with inflight refueling.

To use its Very Low Frequency radios, an E-6 has to fly in a continuous orbit at a high altitude, with its fuselage- and tail-mounted VLF radios trailing one- and five-mile-long wire antennas at a near-vertical attitude! The VLF signals can be received byOhio-class nuclear ballistic-missile submarineshiding deep underwater, thousands of miles away. However, the VLF transmitters limited bandwidth means they can only send raw data at around thirty-five alphanumeric characters per secondmaking them alotslower than even the old 14k internet modems of the 1990s. Still, its enough to transmit Emergency Action Messages, instructing the ballistic-missile subs to execute one of a diverse menu of preplanned nuclear attacks, ranging from limited to full-scale nuclear strikes. The E-6s systems are also hardened to survive the electromagnetic pulse from nuclear weapons detonating below.

Between 1997 and 2006, the Pentagon upgraded the entire E-6A fleet to the dual-role E-6B, which expanded the Mercurys capabilities by allowing it to serve as an Airborne Nuclear Command Post with its own battle staff area for the job. In this role it serves as a backup for four huge E-4 command post aircraft based on the 747 Jumbo jet. The E-6B has ultra-high-frequency radios in its Airborne Launch Control system that enable it to remotely launch land-based ballistic missiles from their underground silos, a task formerly assigned to U.S. Air Force EC-135 Looking Glass aircraftyet another 707 variant. The E-6s crew was expanded from fourteen to twenty-two for the command post mission, usually including an onboard admiral or general. Additional UHF radios give the E-6B access to the survivable MILSTAR satellite communications network, while the cockpit is upgraded up with new avionics and instruments from the 737NG airliner. The E-6B can be distinguished in photos by its additional wing-mounted pods.

The Mercurys abundant communications gear allows it to perform nonnuclear Command, Control and Communications (C3) operations as well. For this reason, E-6s have at times been deployed to Europe and the Middle East to serve as flying C3 hubs. For example, VQ-4 was deployed in Qatar for three years from 2006 to 2009, where it relayed information such as IED blast reports and medical evacuation requests from U.S. troops in Iraq who were out of contact with their headquarters.

Two Navy Fleet Air Reconnaissance Squadrons currently operate the E-6: VQ-3 Ironmen and VQ-4 Shadows, both under the Navy Strategic Communications Wing 1. These have their home at Tinker Air Force Base in Oklahoma, but also routinely forward deploy out of Travis AFB in California and Patuxent River Naval Air Station in Maryland. At least one E-6 is kept airborne at all times. E-6s on the submarine-communication mission often fly in circles over the ocean at the lowest possible speedfor as long as ten hours at a time. Those performing the nuclear command post mission typically remain on alert near Offutt Air Force Base in Nebraska. The E-6s nuclear mission has also made its operations occasional fodder for conspiracy theorists and foreign propaganda outlets.

The E-6 platform should remain in service until 2040 thanks to a service-life extension program and continual tweaks to its systems and radios. While the Mercury has demonstrated its usefulness as an airborne communication hub for supporting troops in the field, the airborne command post will be considered a success if it never has to execute its primary mission. The heart of nuclear deterrence, after all, is convincing potential adversaries that no first strike will be adequate to prevent a devastating riposte. The E-6s are vital component in making that threat a credible one.

Sbastien Roblin holds a masters degree in conflict resolution from Georgetown University and served as a university instructor for the Peace Corps in China. He has also worked in education, editing and refugee resettlement in France and the United States. He currently writes on security and military history forWar Is Boring.

This first appeared in December 2017. It is being republished due to reader interest.

Image: Wikipedia.

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The Military's E-6 Mercury Is Far Deadlier Than The F-35 Stealth Fighter - The National Interest

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

The Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing market report from eSherpa Market Reports includes detailed information on competition like the market size, share and company profiles of key players operating in the global market. The report provides a bigger picture of the Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing market considering the global scenario and also offers a forecast and data in terms of revenue in the mentioned period. Further, it studies the opportunities and a wide picture of top players involved in the Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing market. The market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of XX% and it has stated various growth opportunities in every section including sub-segments and their market size and share.

Get Free Sample PDF Copy (including full TOC, Tables, and Figures) of Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market Report @ https://www.esherpamarketreports.com/request-sample/es-265121/

This Report Covers Leading Companies Associated in Worldwide Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market:

23andMe, MyHeritage, LabCorp, Myriad Genetics, Ancestry.com, Quest Diagnostics, Gene By Gene, DNA Diagnostics Center, Invitae, IntelliGenetics, Ambry Genetics, Living DNA, EasyDNA, Pathway Genomics, Centrillion Technology, Xcode, Color Genomics, Anglia DNA Services, African Ancestry, Canadian DNA Services, DNA Family Check, Alpha Biolaboratories, Test Me DNA, 23 Mofang, Genetic Health, DNA Services of America, Shuwen Health Sciences, Mapmygenome, Full Genomes

Key Businesses Segmentation of Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market:

Global Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market Segment by Type, covers

Global Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market Segment by Applications, can be divided into

Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market Report Covers Following Questions

What are the weaknesses and strengths of the key vendors?What are the key outcomes of the five forces analysis of the Global Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing market?What are the various threats and opportunities faced by the dealers in the Global Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing market?Who are the leading key players and what are their key business strategies in the Global Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing market?

Table of Contents

Section 1 Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Product Definition

Section 2 Global Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market Manufacturer Share and Market Overview

2.1 Global Manufacturer Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Shipments

2.2 Global Manufacturer Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Business Revenue

2.3 Global Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market Overview

Section 3 Manufacturer Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Business Introduction

Section 4 Global Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market Segmentation (Region Level)

Section 5 Global Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market Segmentation (Product Type Level)

5.1 Global Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market Segmentation (Product Type Level) Market Size 2014-2019

5.2 Different Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Product Type Price 2014-2019

5.3 Global Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market Segmentation (Product Type Level) Analysis

Section 6 Global Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market Segmentation (Industry Level)

6.1 Global Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Market Size 2014-2019

6.2 Different Industry Price 2014-2019

6.3 Global Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market Segmentation (Industry Level) Analysis

Section 7 Global Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market Segmentation (Channel Level)

7.1 Global Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market Segmentation (Channel Level) Sales Volume and Share 2014-2019

7.2 Global Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market Segmentation (Channel Level) Analysis

Section 8 Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market Forecast 2019-2024

8.1 Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Segmentation Market Forecast (Region Level)

8.2 Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Segmentation Market Forecast (Product Type Level)

8.3 Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Segmentation Market Forecast (Industry Level)

8.4 Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Segmentation Market Forecast (Channel Level)

Section 9 Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Segmentation Product Type

Section 10 Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Segmentation Industry

Section 11 Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Cost of Production Analysis

11.1 Raw Material Cost Analysis

11.2 Technology Cost Analysis

11.3 Labor Cost Analysis

11.4 Cost Overview

. And More

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Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Market Trends and Opportunities by types and Application in Grooming Regions; Edition 2020-2024 - Science In Me

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Global Genetic Testing Market Status and Future Forecast 2015-2025, Key Regions, Types and Application, By Players, Type, Application, Marketing Channel and Region

This report focuses on the Genetic Testing Market status, future forecast, growth opportunity, key market and key players. The study objectives are to present the Genetic Testing Market development in United States, Europe and China.

In 2019, the Genetic Testing Market size was million US$ and it is expected to reach million US$ by the end of 2025, with a CAGR of during 2020-2025.

The report also summarizes the various types of the Genetic Testing Market. Factors that influence the market growth of particular product category type and market status for it. A detailed study of the Genetic Testing Market has been done to understand the various applications of the products usage and features. Readers looking for scope of growth with respect to product categories can get all the desired information over here, along with supporting figures and facts.

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Top Key Players: GeneDx, Invitae, Pathway Genomics, Counsyl Inc, Asper Biotech, GenePlanet, Courtagen Life Sciences, Gene By Gene, Natera Inc, Regulatory, GeneTests, United Gene, HI Gene, Berry Genomics, 23andMe Inc, 360Jiyin, Novogene, CapitalBio, Agen, Biomedlab, Biomarker, Annoroad, Aiyin Gene, Aijiyin, Repconex, Find Bio-Tech, SinoGenoMax, Gene Kang, Geeppine, and BGI

This report provides pinpoint analysis for changing competitive dynamics. It offers a forward-looking perspective on different factors driving or limiting market growth. It provides a five-year forecast assessed on the basis of how they Genetic Testing Market is predicted to grow. It helps in understanding the key product segments and their future and helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments.

Key questions answered in the report include:

What will the market size and the growth rate be in 2026?

What are the key factors driving the Genetic Testing Market?

What are the key market trends impacting the growth of the Genetic Testing Market?

What are the challenges to market growth?

Who are the key vendors in the Genetic Testing Market?

What are the market opportunities and threats faced by the vendors in the Genetic Testing Market?

Trending factors influencing the market shares of the Americas, APAC, Europe, and MEA.

The report includes six parts, dealing with:

1.) Basic information;

2.) The Asia Genetic Testing Market;

3.) The North American Genetic Testing Market;

4.) The European Genetic Testing Market;

5.) Market entry and investment feasibility;

6.) The report conclusion.

All the research report is made by using two techniques that are Primary and secondary research. There are various dynamic features of the business, like client need and feedback from the customers. Before (company name) curate any report, it has studied in-depth from all dynamic aspects such as industrial structure, application, classification, and definition.

The report focuses on some very essential points and gives a piece of full information about Revenue, production, price, and market share.

Genetic Testing Market report will enlist all sections and research for each and every point without showing any indeterminate of the company.

Reasons for Buying this Report

This report provides pin-point analysis for changing competitive dynamics

It provides a forward looking perspective on different factors driving or restraining market growth

It provides a six-year forecast assessed on the basis of how the market is predicted to grow

It helps in understanding the key product segments and their future

It provides pin point analysis of changing competition dynamics and keeps you ahead of competitors

It helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments

TABLE OF CONTENT:

1 Report Overview

2 Global Growth Trends

3 Market Share by Key Players

4 Breakdown Data by Type and Application

5 United States

6 Europe

7 China

8 Japan

9 Southeast Asia

10 India

11 Central & South America

12 International Players Profiles

13 Market Forecast 2020-2026

14 Analysts Viewpoints/Conclusions

15 Appendix

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Global Genetic Testing Market Status and Future Forecast 2015-2025, Key Regions, Types and Application, By Players, Type, Application, Marketing...

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By David Gress

Perhaps the first thing you notice about a Lemon-Scented Gum tree is its unique bark - pinkish-white and perfectly smooth. A real eye-catcher.

For quick identification, other striking features are its long trunk and, topping that, the up-reaching open branch structure with graceful pendulous branchlets, all of which make a beautiful silhouette against the sky. Its hard to miss a mature tree, since it can easily reach over 100 feet in height with a crown spread of over 90 feet in width!

The best way to remember the first part of its common name is to pick a leaf, crush it between your fingers, sniff its broken margins, and instantly experience its refreshing lemon scent - a delightful dose of aromatherapy! Gum refers to the fact that sap oozing from any wounds in the bark is quite gummy and sticky.

The Lemon-Scented Gum is native to the dry woodlands of Queensland, Australia. It was brought to California in the late 1880s - and was first planted locally by Ellwood Cooper in 1887 at his ranch west of Goleta (part of which is now the Ellwood Preserve). One of his trees has grown to be the largest of its kind in California - with a height exceeding 140 feet, a crown spread of over 95 feet, and a trunk nearly 14 feet in circumference! Early in the last century, it was crowned the Ellwood Queen and today, at age 133, it still stands as a truly regal specimen.

Mature leaves are glossy green on both sides and measure and 1/3 to 1 inch wide and 3 to 6 inches long; these are often sickle-shaped. Curiously, juvenile leaves are larger, at 1 to 3 inches wide and 4 to 7 inches long; these can be rough and bristly from long oil glands and, as a result, are the most strongly scented.

Through late winter and spring, its small white flowers appear in dense clusters along the branchlets. The fuzzy-looking flowers offer copious amounts of pollen and nectar, which are very attractive to bees who, not surprisingly, make from them a delicious honey. The pollinated flowers develop into woody, urn-shaped capsules, inch long, which are filled with tiny seeds.

Currently, there are no serious insect or disease problems with this tree species. In the not-too-distant past, though, it did suffer from invasion by a serious insect pest, the lerp psyllid, a bug as nasty as its name sounds. Fortunately, this psyllid seems to have been controlled through the release of great numbers of a parasitic wasp, a natural predator. Biological warfare at its best!

Lemon-Scented Gum is very well suited to our Mediterranean climate. It can grow in a wide variety of soil conditions and is quite drought-tolerant when established. Due also to its elegant and graceful appearance, it has proved to be very popular. Consequently, over the years, it has been planted extensively, as an ornamental tree, throughout Santa Barbara County and California.

Besides its value as a landscape tree, the Lemon-Scented Gum has many useful purposes. The leaves and sap contain the chemical citronellal, which is processed into essential citronella oils used in perfumes, menthols, insect repellents, and aboriginal and traditional medicines. In Australian, its wood is highly prized for tools and lumber.

Its botanical name is Corymbia citriodora. The genus name, Corymbia, refers to its corymb-type flower clusters. The specific epithet, citriodora, refers to its lemon-citrus odor. Most folks think Lemon-Scented Gum is still in the genus Eucalyptus; but, its only a close relative. After genetic testing, it was reclassified into the genus Corymbia.

Because of its potentially large size at maturity, a Lemon-Scented Gum should be placed in a location that can accommodate its ultimate growth. It should be planted in a sunny location. Note: a young tree will require adequate staking, to allow the trunk and roots to sufficiently develop before the tree is subject to buffeting winds.

Besides the Ellwood Queen, there are several well-known and historic Lemon-Scented Gums in Santa Barbara. The oldest and largest, the Fernald Eucalyptus, standing on the east side of the 400 block of Santa Barbara Street, was saved by Pearl Chase when that block was being developed. The old trees in front of the Central Library downtown have been designated historic landmarks by the City. Other outstanding specimens can be seen on upper State Street at Calle Real, in the parking lot of 5 Points Shopping Center, on State Street near Ontare Road and near Hope Avenue, and on Santa Barbara Street at Haley Street.

Tree-of-the-Month articles are sponsored by Santa Barbara Beautiful, whose many missions include the increase of public awareness and appreciation of Santa Barbaras many outstanding trees and, in a long-time partnership with the City Parks & Recreation Department, the funding and planting of trees along the Citys streets a project which has resulted in the planting, to date, of more than 12,000 street trees

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April Tree of the Month: Lemon-Scented Gum - Santa Barbara Edhat

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

In the midst of the current coronavirus pandemic, companies that offer virtual appointments are seeing a rise in usage. With the population self-isolating and staying indoors and with many doctors offices closing, virtual appointments have become crucial to addressing all emerging health concerns. Its not just about speaking with a doctor though, its about providing patients with the best possible care from afar to prevent any potential spread of COVID-19.

Digitization has allowed these types of meetings to become a realityit has opened the door for highly tailored and precise healthcare.

Artificial intelligence, blockchain, and 5G connectivity are all assisting in pushing healthcares move into the futuresomething like this wasnt available 5-10 years ago.

Additionally, options like DNA profiling have also expanded the universe of big data that clinicians can mine in search of the right treatments for their patients. And that universe is getting bigger all the time MIT Technology review estimates more than 26 million people have taken a DNA ancestry test in the U.S. alone.

And people arent just getting ancestry data with their profiles. In some cases, theyre also getting specific medical information on their predisposition to certain diseases. Many patients are also taking advantage of the convenience of telemedicine to get health advice on their data.

Coinciding with the explosion in digitized medicine is the equally rapid emergence of the hemp-based CBD market. And with health and wellness becoming more of a priority than ever, health practitioners, along with patients, are searching for more natural holistic health alternatives.

As such, the current market volatility hasnt stopped Empower Clinics Inc (CSE: CBDT, OTC: EPWCF, FRA: 8EC) from operating and expanding on its service offering. The companys clinics remain in high demandpatient visits in corporate clinics are continuing at a record pace, with patients demonstrating an even greater need for plant-based holistic medicine, as the impact of COVID-19 becomes more pervasive.

Medical cannabis certifications are considered an essential service during this time, and Steve McAuley, CEO of Empower Clinics, notes that the companys clinics remain incredibly busy.

We had to quickly adapt clinic operating procedures to ensure optimum safety for employees and patients, updating cleaning and sanitation protocols, and providing extensive new communications to our team and patients.

With cannabis being a crucial part of treatment regimensfor thousands, Empower is proud to continue providing their consumers with medical cannabis treatment options.

So, with all of this in mind, the company is betting that telemedicine, along with DNA testing, will go a long way in helping consumers choose the right CBD product for their ailments and genetic profile.

Steve McAuley, CEO, Empower Clinics Inc.

Precise treatment through genetic testing

As a vertically integrated CBD life sciences company, Empower is level-set on helping patients get scientific with their choice of CBD products. The company recently established a crucial partnership with Endocanna Health to license and distribute its Endo.dnaTM test kits through its network of clinics. This is a significant example of the company making strides towards catering to its patient database and better understanding what their consumers need.

McAuley believes this testing can help doctors make better choices about the right treatment plan for their patients the more doctors know about their patients health prior to a consultation, the better. He notes, Our Sollievo line of CBD products has 25 unique CBD-based SKUs with different products targeting different ailments.

Empower will market the Endo.dnaTM kits not only through its clinics, but also through direct marketing to its 165,000-patient database. With six corporate clinics under the Sun Valley Health moniker and more on the way with franchising, the company is confident it can get the word out about how DNA testing can help doctors and patients make more informed cannabis and CBD-based recommendations.

Armed with a patients personalized health information, including genetic testing data, doctors can potentially help patients determine the type of cannabis or CBD, the specific dose and the type of delivery system that would be best suited to their ailments. For example, taking the Endo.dnaTM test results in a personalized report, called Endo-Decoded, that analyzes specific DNA markers to help guide doctor-patient decisions.

Virtual care: The consumer-centric revolution

As with most industries, healthcare is becoming more consumer-centric, and that goes beyond the digitization of health records to include options for how to see your clinician, including telemedicine. Increasingly, consumers are expecting solutions that are coordinated, convenient, customized and accessible.

This trend is being driven by several factors, including the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, the growth of high-deductible insurance plans that push costs onto patients, the explosion of digital tools, emerging channels of competition within the healthcare market, and the coronavirus pandemic, which has shaken numerous industries.

McAuley explains, A telemedicine platform is available at all our Sun Valley clinics and, given the trends, we expect to see increased traffic through telemedicine. He sees this option as a way to amplify the reach and impact of Empowers network of clinics in Oregon and Arizona. This is also an important way to reach patients who are self-isolating at home or are in quarantine.

Although Arizona and Oregon have declared a State of Emergency over the coronavirus outbreak, as a medical service provider, Empowers corporate medical clinics are considered an essential service and are not subject to certain mandated closures. The company, has, however made changes to its clinic operations and patient management based on the most recent recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and their guidance for healthcare facilities.

Empower expects its reach for the Sun Valley clinics to increase especially now that Sun Valley Health reached its first franchise agreement with a franchisee in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Franchising is the primary way Empower plans to expand its footprint in the U.S.

McAuley adds, Franchising Sun Valley Health is our preferred path. We would be willing to look at an acquisition of another clinic group, similar to what we did with Sun Valley, but were not interested in opening up single locations ourselves.

The company sees franchising as a force multiplier for the companys business model, one that will allow it to improve its healthcare approach and make its products and services available to more customers.

Advent of plant-based approached to health

With a hemp-based CBD extraction facility near Portland, Oregon, and that 165,000-patient database, Empower Clinics plans to stay in the vanguard of the CBD market.

McAuley comments, I know Professor MJ Malloy, who is heading up UBCs Cannabis Research division, is trying to understand the impact of cannabis on PTSD sufferers. In Arizona, Sun Valley is the largest certifier of veterans in the state we have a lot of data that could be very useful for its research.

At the end of 2019, a study carried out by the B.C. Centre on Substance Use (BCCSU) and the University of British Columbia (UBC) found that People who have PTSD but do not medicate with cannabis are far more likely to suffer from severe depression and have suicidal thoughts than those who reported cannabis use over the past year. This study surveyed more than 24,000 Canadians and was the first to document the relationships between PTSD, cannabis use, and severe mental health outcomes in a sample representative of the population.

More research is actively underway to explore the potential for cannabis to be used as a treatment for multiple sclerosis, substance use, as well as PTSD in veterans and first responders. Further results are expected to shine more light into the effectiveness of the cannabis plant, so it will be interesting to learn more as the data comes out.

And its not just cannabis and hemp-based CBD theres also growing trend of using psychedelics like psilocybin to help combat opioid use. The movement towards plant-based medical approaches is all part of a broader shift to stem away from opioids and prescription medicine, which have been blamed for causing overdoses in millions of people worldwide.

Riding healthcare trends to rapid growth

BDS Analytics and Arcview Market Research project that CBD sales in the U.S. alone will exceed USD$20 billion by 2024. Empower Clinic plans to ride that growth wave using its franchising model and strategic partnerships. That plan includes multiple revenue streams consisting of franchise fees, royalties, clinic revenues, CBD product sales and wholesale revenues from its extraction facility.

The partnership with Endocanna to distribute Endo.dnaTM kits, combined with its telemedicine offering, puts Empower at the forefront of CBD-based healthcare solutions, and makes them a significant thought leader in the space. Moreover, its vertically integrated model allows the company to both control its supply chain and realize increased margin.

Trading under the symbol CBDT.CSE, Empower projects its revenue will grow by more than 275 per cent by the time its exits 2021. With a highly experienced management team and board of directors, multiple revenue streams that are scalable, CBD product sales, technology IP development, and more, Empower Clinics appears to be well-positioned to capitalize on converging trends in plant-based health solutions and the digitization and personalization of healthcare.

The company understands that the current market conditions are affecting many industries, but healthcare shouldnt be compromised. People should be able to reach a doctor, even if it is remotely. To learn more about how the company stands out from the crowd, and how their telemedicine option works, visit their website here.

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Digital health and CBD are propelling Empower Clinics forward - BNNBloomberg.ca

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Base editors, which convert one nucleotide to another without a double-strand DNA break, have the potential to treat diseases caused by mutant genes. One drawback, though, is that the DNA that encodes CRISPR base editors is longtoo long to fit in the adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) most commonly used for gene therapy. In a study published in Molecular Therapy on January 13, researchers split the DNA encoding a base editor into two AAV vectors and injected them into a mouse model of inherited amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The strategy disabled the disease-causing gene, improving the animals symptoms and prolonging their lives.

Wed like to be able to make gene editing tools that can fit inside an AAV vector. Unfortunately, some of the tools are so big that they cant fit inside, so in this study, they were able to come up with a solution to that by using a split protein, says David Segal, a biochemist at the University of California, Davis, who was not involved in the work. Its not the first time that that system has been used, but its the first time its been applied to this kind of base editor.

Pablo Perez-Pinera, a bioengineer at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and colleagues developed a strategy to split the base editor into two chunks. In a study published in 2019, they generated two different AAV vectors, each containing a portion of coding DNA for an adenine-to-thymine base editor. They also included sequences encoding so-called inteinsshort peptides that when they are expressed within proteins stick together and cleave themselves out, a bit like introns in RNA. The researchers built the inteins into the vectors such that when the inteins produced by the two vectors dimerized, bringing the two base editor parts together, and then excised themselves, they left behind a full-length, functional base editor.

When Perez-Pinera told Thomas Gaj, also a bioengineer at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, about the strategy, Gaj tells The Scientist,they immediately set out to test it in a mouse model of ALS. The transgenic mice have about 25 copies of the human gene, superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1), with mutations that cause ALS in people. The animals display motor neuron loss and muscle atrophy, plus their neurons accumulate inclusionsdense spots in the gray and white matter of their spinal cords that include SOD1 proteinbefore dying at about four months of age on average. The symptoms and life expectancy in the 20 percent of ALS patients with mutations in SOD1vary based on which mutation they have, but most have muscle weakness and motor neuron death, as well as inclusions containing SOD1 protein.

Instead of using the adenine-to-thymine base editor, the researchers developed a cytosine-to-thymine converter using the coding sequence of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 and a guide RNA that targets both wild type and mutant human SOD1 to create an early stop codon. This doesnt affect the mouse SOD1. In human cells, the split base editor seemed to be even more efficient than when the editor was transfected at full length, hitting about 29 percent of the target sites, compared to the full-length editors 19 percent.

Next the authors packaged their split base editor into two AAV backbones and injected them or a control AAV into the animals lumbar cerebrospinal fluid when they were around two months old. The vectors ended up primarily in astrocytes, as well as in neurons and microglia. While the researchers didnt see a difference in symptom onset at around three months, the mice that received the base editor maintained their weight and lived about 10 percent longer than controls. The treated mice also had fewer SOD1-positive inclusions and healthier motor neurons.

In this cross section of the spinal cord of a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), researchers delivered a CRISPR base editing system (yellow) to astrocytes (red) in order to disable the expression of a mutant gene and reduce symptoms.

Colin Lim, University of Illinois

Using base editors to disable the mutant SOD1 gene in astrocytes (a cell type that normally supports healthy nervous system function but in SOD1-ALS exerts toxicity onto motor neurons) led to a marked slowing in disease progression, Gaj writes in an email to The Scientist. Since many persons with ALS are diagnosed following the onset of symptoms, pre-clinical strategies that can meaningfully slow the disease are especially important and should be further studied.

This is a good indication that base editing actually can be used to treat ALS, says Baisong Lu, a gene therapy researcher at Wake Forest School of Medicine who did not participate in the work. He cautions that off-target effectsthe base editor can edit both DNA and RNAand how long the AAV delivery method lasts are both in need of more work before this technique would be safe for people.

The dual AAV strategy could also be expensive, says Mimoun Azzouz, a neuroscientist at the University of Sheffield in the United Kingdom. Thinking about the clinical development and marketing and the commercialization of this product, you need to manufacture two viruses, and you need to assess these two viruses for safety, so the cost can be extremely high.

Despite the challenges, the strategy shows promise for translation to humans, Perez-Pinera writes in an email to The Scientist.AAVs are already approved by the Food and Drug Administration for gene therapy, he explains. Plus, using a humanized model of the diseasea mouse that contains the human sequence of the target genemeans that the method validated in mouse models can be translated to people without adapting them to target a different sequence. People who develop ALS due to a mutation in SOD1also have one good copy of the gene, just like the mice, which have a functioning mouse copy.

We injected animal models shortly before disease onset. While injecting the animals earlier could improve the outcome of the disease as demonstrated in other studies, the reality is that ALS is not typically diagnosed until the patient experiences symptoms. Our study predicts what can be expected from treating a patient recently diagnosed with the disease, Perez-Pinera writes.

We still have some distance to travel before the results in our current study can benefit ALS patients, Gaj acknowledges. The researchers are working on minimizing off target effects and on developing new delivery methods that could improve efficacy. We still have a number of important questions to answer and technological hurdles to address before we begin thinking about clinical translation.

C.K.W. Lim et al., Treatment of a mouse model of ALS by in vivo base editing,Molecular Therapy,doi:10.1016/ j.ymthe.2020.01.005, 2020.

Abby Olena is a freelance journalist based in Alabama. Find her on Twitter@abbyolena.

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Symptoms in ALS Mouse Model Improve with CRISPR Base Editing - The Scientist

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CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Market Forecast 2020-2026

The Global CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Market research report provides and in-depth analysis on industry- and economy-wide database for business management that could potentially offer development and profitability for players in this market. This is a latest report, covering the current COVID-19 impact on the market. The pandemic of Coronavirus (COVID-19) has affected every aspect of life globally. This has brought along several changes in market conditions. The rapidly changing market scenario and initial and future assessment of the impact is covered in the report. It offers critical information pertaining to the current and future growth of the market. It focuses on technologies, volume, and materials in, and in-depth analysis of the market. The study has a section dedicated for profiling key companies in the market along with the market shares they hold.

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The Report Covers the Following Companies:Caribou BiosciencesAddgeneCRISPR THERAPEUTICSMerck KGaAMirus Bio LLCEditas MedicineTakara Bio USAThermo Fisher ScientificHorizon Discovery GroupIntellia TherapeuticsGE Healthcare Dharmacon

By Types:Genome EditingGenetic engineeringgRNA Database/Gene LibrarCRISPR PlasmidHuman Stem CellsGenetically Modified Organisms/CropsCell Line Engineering

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CRISPR And CRISPR-Associated (Cas) Genes Market To 2026: Growth Analysis By Manufacturers, Regions, Types And Applications - Science In Me

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Global Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy Market 2020 is analyzed in details, to provide accurate and useful insights and market data that players can perform strong growth in the future. Experts and Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy industry analysts, which makes it legitimate and dependable compile the analysis. Readers have a thorough inspection of historical and futuristic Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy market scenarios to have a good understanding of other issues that are important with the market competition. The report offers Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy information on key players, key sections, market dynamics and assorted niches. It is a complete collection of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy research and in-depth analysis of the market.

Global Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy market trends provide a basic summary of the including definitions, classes, applications and industry chain analysis. The Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy market analysis is provided for the international markets, including key regions, development status, competitive landscape, and development trends. Plans and policies are discussed, as well as cost structures are analyzed and processes. This Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy report also claims ingestion, demand and supply figures, cost, price, revenue and gross margins.

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Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy Market: Segmentation

The report gives a breakdown of the Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy market sections, focusing on potential market size, market share and their CAGR for future growth. The industry is divided by product type, application and region. Each segment in these types is the subject of comprehensive Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy research to familiarize yourself with its growth prospects and key trends. The segmental analysis is essential to identify the most important growth factors of a sector. The Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy report offers specific details on market development and demand for applications and products that players may concentrate on their industrial growth.

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Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy Market 2020: Professional Survey & Competitive Dynamics Mustang Bio Inc., iCell Gene Therapeutics,...

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University of Georgia Honors student Landon Clark is among 396 undergraduates across the nation to be recognized as Barry Goldwater Scholars, earning the highest undergraduate award of its type for the fields of the natural sciences, mathematics and engineering.

Clark, from Leesburg, is a third-year CURO Honors Scholar who is triple majoring in biochemistry and molecular biology, genetics and biology.

Since 1995, 61 UGA students have received the Goldwater Scholarship, which recognizes exceptional sophomores and juniors across the United States.

The University of Georgia is proud of Landon and pleased that he is extending our record of success in this prestigious competition, said President Jere W. Morehead. Already as an undergraduate student, he is helping UGA fulfill our commitment to conduct research that helps people lead longer, healthier lives.

This year, recipients were selected from a field of more than 5,000 college sophomores and juniors who were nominated by 461 academic institutions nationwide. Each awardee will receive up to $7,500 toward the cost of tuition, fees, books, and room and board.

Of this years Goldwater Scholars, 50 are mathematics and computer science majors, 287 are majoring in the natural sciences and 59 are majoring in engineering.

I am thrilled for Landon, who is absolutely one of our very best students, said David S. Williams, associate provost and director of the Honors Program, who serves as the UGA campus faculty representative for the Goldwater Scholarship. As a CURO Honors Scholar, Landon was recruited to come to UGA because of his promise as a researcher. This Goldwater award and recognition proves that his hard work is paying off. I look forward to watching his career continue to blossom in the future.

Clarks long-term plans include pursuing an MD/PhD in immunology, performing translational research on immune diseases using gene and immunotherapy techniques, and teaching at a university. As a translational researcher specializing in immunology, he plans to use gene therapy techniques to treat and cure immune disorders in humans.

Since his first weeks as a UGA freshman in August 2017, Clark has conducted research in the lab of Michael Terns, Distinguished Research Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. He researches the complex processes of CRISPR-Cas immune systems through a model archaeal organism, Pyrococcus furiosus. Now a junior, he has collaborated on three different projects, co-authored a paper, and mentors other undergraduates in this field.

Last summer, he worked in the translational research lab of H. Trent Spencer, a professor of pediatrics and director of the gene and cell therapy program at Emorys Winship Cancer Institute. There, Clark researched immune diseases and potential gene therapy techniques. In 2017, he also conducted research on sociological variables influencing educational inequality with Dawn Robinson, a professor of sociology at UGA.

Clark is a Crane Leadership Scholar, director of academic outreach for the Student Government Association, director of internal communications for UGA Red Cross, an exam writer for UGA Science Olympiad Outreach, co-president of the Biochemistry Undergraduate Society, co-president of the Omicron Delta Kappa National Honor Society, and treasurer of the Honors Program Student Council. He also volunteers in the neuroscience and cardiology units at Piedmont Athens Regional Medical Center.

Clark has presented his research at 10 conferences. He also studied neurology and cancer biology through UGAs Studies Abroad Program in Cortona, located in Tuscany, Italy.

The scholarship honoring Sen. Barry Goldwater was created to encourage outstanding students to pursue careers in the fields of mathematics, natural sciences and engineering. Since its first award in 1989, the Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in Education Foundation has bestowed 8,628 scholarships worth more than $68 million.

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UGA's Landon Clark named 2020 Goldwater Scholar - University of Georgia

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Detailed market survey on the Global Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market Research Report 2020-2026. It analyses the vital factors of the Hemophilia Gene Therapy market supported present business Strategy, Hemophilia Gene Therapy market demands, business methods utilised by Hemophilia Gene Therapy market players and therefore the future prospects from numerous angles well. Business associatealysis could be a market assessment tool utilized by business and analysts to grasp the quality of an business. Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market report It helps them get a sense of what is happening in an industry, i.e., demand-supply statistics, Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market degree of competition within the industry, Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market competition of the business with different rising industries, future prospects of the business.

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The Global Hemophilia Gene Therapy market worth about xx billion USD in 2020 and it is expected to reach xx billion USD in 2026 with an average growth rate of x%. United States is the largest production of Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market and consumption region in the world, Europe also play important roles in global Hemophilia Gene Therapy market while China is fastest growing region.

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Geographically, Hemophilia Gene Therapy market report is segmented into several key Regions, with production, consumption, revenue. The major regions involved in Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market are (United States, EU, China, and Japan).

Leading companies reviewed in the Hemophilia Gene Therapy report are:

Spark TherapeuticsFreeline TherapeuticsSangamo TherapeuticsUltragenyxuniQureShire PLCBioMarinBioverativ

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The Hemophilia Gene Therapy market report is segmented into Application by following categories;Hemophilia A Gene TherapyHemophilia B Gene Therapy

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Industry analysis, for an entrepreneur or a company, is a method that helps it to understand its position relative to other participants in the Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market. It helps them to identify both the opportunities and threats coming their way and gives them a strong idea of the present and future scenario of the Hemophilia Gene Therapy industry. The key to extant during this changing business setting is to know the variations between yourself and your competitors within the Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market. The deep research study of Hemophilia Gene Therapy market based on development opportunities, growth limiting factors and feasibility of investment will forecast the Hemophilia Gene Therapy market growth.

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Research on Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market (impact of COVID-19) 2020-2026 Spark Therapeutics, Freeline Therapeutics, Sangamo Therapeutics, Ultragenyx...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Welcome to the latest edition of our weekly EuroBiotech Report. We start this week with AstraZeneca, which revealed it aims to have a COVID-19-neutralizing antibody in the clinic in the next three to five months. AstraZeneca's compatriot GlaxoSmithKline also shared an update on its COVID-19 activities. GSK added Xiamen Innovax Biotech to the list of organizations it is working with on a COVID-19 vaccine. While those are just two of the many initiatives targeting COVID-19, Wellcome is worried about a funding shortfall. Wellcome wants businesses to commit $8 billion this month to keep programs moving forward quickly. Researchers working outside of COVID-19 are faring worse still, with Cancer Research UK responding to the pandemic with deep cuts. Away from COVID-19, Evotec entered the gene therapy space through a deal with Takeda. And more. Nick Taylor1. AstraZeneca targets summer start for COVID-19 antibody trial

AstraZeneca has outlined its multipronged approach to the development of antibodies against the pandemic SARS-CoV-2 virus. The Big Pharma is applying its own discovery capabilities to the task and helping to evaluate candidates identified by academic partners in China and the U.S.2. GSK allies with Innovax for COVID-19 vaccine R&D project

GlaxoSmithKline has teamed up with Xiamen Innovax Biotech to evaluate a vaccine against the novel coronavirus behind the COVID-19 pandemic. The agreement gives Innovax access to a GSK adjuvant to enhance the immune response triggered by its recombinant protein-based vaccine.3. Wellcome targets $8B raise in weeks to fix COVID-19 funding gap

Virtual Clinical Trials Online

This virtual event will bring together industry experts to discuss the increasing pace of pharmaceutical innovation, the need to maintain data quality and integrity as new technologies are implemented and understand regulatory challenges to ensure compliance.

Wellcome is calling on businesses to invest in an $8 billion (7 billion) fund focused on reducing cases of COVID-19 to zero as soon as possible. Almost half the money is earmarked for the development of drugs and vaccines that Wellcome sees as the worlds best exit strategy from the pandemic.4. COVID-19 claims Cancer Research UK funding cuts, forecasting major shortfall

Cancer Research UK (CRUK) said it has been forced to take the difficult decision to make deep funding cuts across its grants and institutes as the fallout from the pandemic continues to affect all areas of biomedical research.

5. Evotec allies with Takeda to move into gene therapy R&D

Evotec has allied with Takeda to expand into gene therapy research. The move sees Evotec establish a 20-person team in Austria, the focal point of Takedas gene therapy operation, and sign up to work on programs for its Japanese partner.And more articles of note>>

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EuroBiotech ReportAZ, GSK in COVID-19, $8B funding call, CRUK cuts and Evotec - FierceBiotech

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Niche players in the global gene therapy market must leverage greater government expenditure and upgrade their existing infrastructure along with expanding their gene therapy centers for sustaining their market hegemony.

ROCKVILLE, MD / ACCESSWIRE / April 8, 2020 / Global gene therapy market is poised for robust growth with net revenue pool set to exceed approximately US$ 5 Bn by 2026 end. The market is receiving tailwinds from advancements in synthetic biology. On that premise, the gene therapy market will expand 3X through over the forecast period, projects Fact.MR (2020-2026).

"Certain types of cancer such as Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) and lymphoblastic leukemia are contributing to high mortality rates across the world. Gene therapy is gaining increasing recognition in its immense potential for treating rare diseases. Continued research and development in the area of gene therapy is supporting market growth as well," states Fact.MR.

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Gene Therapy Market - Key Findings

Gene Therapy Market - Key Driving Factors

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Gene Therapy Market - Key Restraints

Impact of COVID-19 on Gene Therapy Market

In view of ongoing onslaught of COVID-19 pandemic, the focus of major healthcare authorities of the world has gravitated towards developing vaccines for the deadly respiratory disease. Gene therapy is one such area of research which could help boost antibodies required to treat patients infected with Coronavirus. For instance, Generation Bio is exploring the potential role of gene therapy in treating COVID-19 patients. Hence, the global gene therapy market will benefit from the outbreak in that market players are rushing to develop multiple therapeutic approaches for SARS-CoV-2. Growing fears of similar Coronavirus outbreaks in the future will continue accelerating the development of gene therapy as well.

Competitive Landscape

Prominent players profiled in this Fact.MR study include, but are not limited to, Orchard Therapeutics Limited, CELGENE CORPORATION, Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Sibiono GeneTech Co. Ltd., Spark Therapeutics Inc., Gilead Sciences Inc., and Novartis AG. Developed regions remain the key focus area of major stakeholders in the global gene therapy market. Existing gene therapy centers are being prioritized by market players in order to utilize the full extent of their resources. Moreover, they are benefitting from success rates associated with gene therapy and faster drug approvals. Gilead Sciences Inc. expanded their gene therapy centers to a total of 90 recently.

About the Report

This 170-page study offers in-depth commentary on the gene therapy market. The study provides compelling insights on the gene therapy market on the basis of product (yescarta, kymriah, luxturna, strimvelis, and gendicine), application (ophthalmology, oncology, Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency) across three regions (The United States, Europe, and Rest of the World).

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Gene Therapy Market Set for 3X Expansion Between 2020 and 2026; COVID-19 Stimulating Development of Multiple Therapeutic Approaches: Fact.MR -...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Global Gene Therapy Market report underlines the specific study of the Biotechnology industry which explains what the market definition, classifications, applications, engagements, and global industry trends are. The market data analyses and evaluated in this Gene Therapy market report makes you achieve the business goals and objectives in preset time frame. It highlights a wide-ranging evaluation of the markets growth prospects and restrictions. This report is very useful to all sizes of business which makes it simpler to take informed decisions regarding different facets of industry. Gene Therapy market report truly acts as a backbone to the business.

A finest market research report acts as an innovative solution for the businesses in todays changing market place and hence this Gene Therapy report is generated. Key players in the market, major collaborations, merger and acquisitions along with trending innovation and business policies are also reviewed in this Gene Therapy report. The report has a list of key competitors with the required specifications and also provides the strategic insights and analysis of the key factors influencing the industry. The data and information of the Gene Therapy report not only helps business make data-driven decisions but also guarantees maximum return on investment (ROI).

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MARKET INTRODUCTION

Gene therapy is introduction of DNA into a patient to treat a genetic disease or a disorder. The newly inserted DNA contains a correcting gene to correct the effects of disease causing mutations. Gene therapy is promising treatment for the genetic diseases and also includes cystic fibrosis and muscular dystrophy. Gene therapy is suitable treatment for the infectious diseases, inherited disease and cancer.

Key Competitors In Market are Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc., bluebird bio, Inc., uniQure N.V., AveXis, Vineti, Solid Biosciences., Spark Therapeutics, Inc., CHIMERON BIO, RENOVA THERAPEUTICS, and HORAMA S.A.

MARKET SCOPE

The Global Gene Therapy Market Analysis to 2025 is a specialized and in-depth study of the gene therapy industry with a focus on the global market trend. The report aims to provide an overview of global gene therapy market with detailed market segmentation by cell type, application, and geography. The global gene therapy market is expected to witness high growth during the forecast period. The report provides key statistics on the market status of the leading market players and offers key trends and opportunities in the market.

Market segmentation:

By Cell Type (Somatic Gene Therapy, Germline Gene Therapy);

By Application (Genetic Disorder, Cancer, Neurological Disorder, and Others)

By Geography North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific (APAC), Middle East and Africa (MEA) and South & Central America. And 13 countries globally along with current trend and opportunities prevailing in the region.

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Gene Therapy Market 2020: Competitive Landscape and Recent Industry Development Analysis by Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc., bluebird bio, Inc., uniQure...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

More than a dozen House Democratshavecalled for the Trump administration to lift restrictions on federally-funded research using fetal tissue from abortions topermit studies for possible treatment for COVID-19.

The lawmakers argued in a letter to Health an Human Services Secretary Alex Azar on Monday that the restrictions on government research with fetal tissue procured through elective abortion, "are preventing federally-funded scientists from advancing important studies that could potentially prevent, treat, or cure the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19)."

"You have repeatedly stated that your agency is doing everything you can to develop vaccines and treatments for the novel coronavirus," the House Dems stated in the letter. They then criticized the HHS's 2019 issuance of new restrictions prohibiting federal scientists at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) from obtaining new tissue samples from elective abortions for ongoing NIH research.

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Under those restrictions existing projects funded by NIH grants at outside entities such as universities could continue until the funding expired, but they would then have to go through an ethics advisory boardreview for further approval. Privately-funded research was not affected.

The Democratic lawmakers inferred that the HHS restrictions could put American lives at risk during the coronavirus pandemic and that they were holding U.S. scientists back in researching possible treatment for the virus.

"Because of your restrictions, NIH is unable to utilize human fetal tissue to develop animal models of COVID-19 that can test potential vaccines and treatments to decelerate or even end this global health crisis," they said. "This inaction may ultimately put Americans further at risk of disease or death from COVID-19. Instead of exploring every possible option for a COVID-19 therapeutic, U.S. scientists are now urging their international counterparts to rush to conduct this research while their hands remain tied."

Public health officials have said that a coronavirus vaccine will not be available for another 12 to 18 months, according to The Hill.

A scientist at theNIH had been "thwarted" intrying to restart the government-funded research, Fox News reports, citinga report from the Washington Post that also said the fetal tissue comes from women who have elective abortion, "and critics say that it is unethical to use the material and that taxpayer money should not be used for research that relies on abortion."

Former Deputy Assistant Attorney General John Yoo said on the Fox News at Night program that he did not see a great deal of scientific evidence or research reports from other countries that indicates fetal tissue is key to finding a cure for the coronavirus.

"This is also just about taxpayer-funded research," Yoo said. "If this is so important, then this doctor or other researchers can go to another country or they could go to private sources of funding to get this research done."

"We've got to balance that against the nation's desire not to have this kind of fetal tissue used for medical research," said Yoo. "People are worried about a slippery slope; If we start using fetal tissue here, is the next step, are we going to start having abortions deliberately to get research material, and then are we going to start cloning fetuses to get fetal tissue material?"

Tweet This: "We've got to balance that against the nation's desire not to have this kind of fetal tissue used for medical research"

"You can see where people, and the administration said we don't even want to trigger a train of events where we might go down that slope," he said, "so better just to have a clear rule where we won't do it at all."

The Fox news report further cited scholars from the Charlotte Lozier Institute, who stated that,"None of the vaccines, treatments, or FDA-approved cellular and gene therapy products on the market use human fetal tissue from elective abortions that rely on ongoing abortions."

The move by HHS last year to restrict fetal tissue research through government funds was viewed as a pro-life victory and considered a first step in a complete ban on federally-funded research using fetal tissue.

"Promoting the dignity of human life from conception to natural death is one of the very top priorities of President Trumps administration," the HHS statement had said at the time.

In their letter this week lobbying for lifting restrictions on government-funded research with fetal tissue derived from abortions, the House Democrats wrote, "We urge you to prioritize science during an unprecedented global health emergency and remove all barriers to lifesaving research."

The group behind the letter wasled by Reps. Jared Huffman (Calif.), Jan Schakowsky (Ill.) and Diana DeGette (Colo.).

Also signing on were Reps. Ted Deutch (Fla.); Lois Frankel (Fla.); Jess G. Chuy Garcia (Ill.); Eleanor Holmes Norton (D.C.); Pramilla Jayapal (Wash.); Ro Khanna (Calif.); Seth Moulton (Mass.); Mark Pocan (Wis.); Jamie Raskin (Md.); andJackie Speier (Calif.).

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House Democrats demand Trump administration lift restrictions on government-funded fetal tissue research for coronavirus - Pregnancy Help News

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Global Cancer Gene Therapy Market is valued at USD XX million in 2019 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2019 to 2025.

The report titled Global Cancer Gene Therapy Market is one of the most comprehensive and important additions to QY Researchs archive of market research studies. It offers detailed research and analysis of key aspects of the global Cancer Gene Therapy market. The market analysts authoring this report have provided in-depth information on leading growth drivers, restraints, challenges, trends, and opportunities to offer a complete analysis of the global Cancer Gene Therapy market. Market participants can use the analysis on market dynamics to plan effective growth strategies and prepare for future challenges beforehand. Each trend of the global Cancer Gene Therapy market is carefully analyzed and researched about by the market analysts.

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The Essential Content Covered in the Global Cancer Gene Therapy Market Report:

In terms of region, this research report covers almost all the major regions across the globe such as North America, Europe, South America, the Middle East, and Africa and the Asia Pacific. Europe and North America regions are anticipated to show an upward growth in the years to come. While Cancer Gene Therapy Market in Asia Pacific regions is likely to show remarkable growth during the forecasted period. Cutting edge technology and innovations are the most important traits of the North America region and thats the reason most of the time the US dominates the global markets. Cancer Gene Therapy Market in South, America region is also expected to grow in near future.

The key players covered in this studyAdaptimmuneBluebird bioCelgeneShanghai Sunway BiotechShenzhen SiBiono GeneTechSynerGene TherapeuticsAltor BioScienceAmgenArgenxBioCancellGlaxoSmithKlineMerckOncoGenex PharmaceuticalsTransgene

Market segment by Type, the product can be split intoOncolytic VirotherapyGene TransferGene-Induced Immunotherapy

Market segment by Application, split intoHospitalsDiagnostics CentersResearch Institutes

Market segment by Regions/Countries, this report coversUnited StatesEuropeChinaJapanSoutheast AsiaIndiaCentral & South America

Make An EnquiryAbout This Report @ https://www.researchmoz.com/enquiry.php?type=E&repid=2081748&source=atm

Key questions answered in the report

*What will be the market size in terms of value and volume in the next five years?

*Which segment is currently leading the market?

*In which region will the market find its highest growth?

*Which players will take the lead in the market?

*What are the key drivers and restraints of the markets growth?

We provide detailed product mapping and analysis of various market scenarios. Our analysts are experts in providing in-depth analysis and breakdown of the business of key market leaders. We keep a close eye on recent developments and follow latest company news related to different players operating in the global Cancer Gene Therapy market. This helps us to deeply analyze companies as well as the competitive landscape. Our vendor landscape analysis offers a complete study that will help you to stay on top of the competition.

Table of Contents

1 Cancer Gene Therapy Market Overview

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Cancer Gene Therapy

1.2 Cancer Gene Therapy Segment by Type

1.2.1 Global Cancer Gene Therapy Production Growth Rate Comparison by Type 2020 VS 2026

1.3 Cancer Gene Therapy Segment by Application

1.3.1 Cancer Gene Therapy Consumption Comparison by Application: 2020 VS 2026

1.4 Global Cancer Gene Therapy Market by Region

1.4.1 Global Cancer Gene Therapy Market Size Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2020 VS 2026

1.4.2 North America Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)

1.4.3 Europe Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)

1.4.4 China Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)

1.4.5 Japan Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)

1.5 Global Cancer Gene Therapy Growth Prospects

1.5.1 Global Cancer Gene Therapy Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)

1.5.2 Global Cancer Gene Therapy Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)

1.5.3 Global Cancer Gene Therapy Production Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)

2 Market Competition by Manufacturers

2.1 Global Cancer Gene Therapy Production Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)

2.2 Global Cancer Gene Therapy Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)

2.3 Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)

2.4 Global Cancer Gene Therapy Average Price by Manufacturers (2015-2020)

2.5 Manufacturers Cancer Gene Therapy Production Sites, Area Served, Product Types

2.6 Cancer Gene Therapy Market Competitive Situation and Trends

2.6.1 Cancer Gene Therapy Market Concentration Rate

2.6.2 Global Top 3 and Top 5 Players Market Share by Revenue

2.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 Production Capacity by Region

4 Global Cancer Gene Therapy Consumption by Regions

5 Production, Revenue, Price Trend by Type

5.1 Global Cancer Gene Therapy Production Market Share by Type (2015-2020)

5.2 Global Cancer Gene Therapy Revenue Market Share by Type (2015-2020)

5.3 Global Cancer Gene Therapy Price by Type (2015-2020)

5.4 Global Cancer Gene Therapy Market Share by Price Tier (2015-2020): Low-End, Mid-Range and High-End

6 Global Cancer Gene Therapy Market Analysis by Application

6.1 Global Cancer Gene Therapy Consumption Market Share by Application (2015-2020)

6.2 Global Cancer Gene Therapy Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2015-2020)

Read More..

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Cancer Gene Therapy Market Scope Analysis 2019-2025 - Science In Me

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

SILVER SPRING, Md., April 10, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Koselugo (selumetinib) for the treatment of pediatric patients, 2 years of age and older, with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a genetic disorder of the nervous system causing tumors to grow on nerves. Koselugo is the first drug approved by the FDA to treat this debilitating, progressive and often disfiguring rare disease that typically begins early in life.

"Everyone's daily lives have been disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic, and in this critical time we want patients to know that the FDA remains committed to making patients with rare tumors and life threatening diseases, and their unique needs, a top priority. We continue to expedite product development for these patients," said Richard Pazdur, M.D., director of the FDA's Oncology Center of Excellence and acting director of the Office of Oncologic Diseases in the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.

Koselugo is approved specifically for patients who have symptomatic, inoperable plexiform neurofibromas (PN), which are tumors involving the nerve sheaths (coating around nerve fibers) and can grow anywhere in the body, including the face, extremities, areas around the spine and deep in the body where they may affect organs. Koselugo is a kinase inhibitor, meaning it functions by blocking a key enzyme, which results in helping to stop the tumor cells from growing.

NF1 is a rare, progressive condition caused by a mutation or flaw in a particular gene. NF1 is usually diagnosed in early childhood and appears in an estimated 1 out of every 3,000 infants. It is characterized by changes in skin coloring (pigmentation), neurologic and skeletal impairments and risk for development of benign and malignant tumors throughout life. Between 30% and 50% of patients born with NF1 develop one or more PNs.

"We are committed to regulatory flexibility and providing extensive guidance to industry in an effort to bring drugs forward that fulfill unmet medical needs. Koselugo represents this commitment," noted Pazdur. "For the first time, pediatric patients now have an FDA-approved drug to treat plexiform neurofibroma, a rare tumor associated with NF1."

The FDA approved Koselugo based on a clinical trial conducted by the National Cancer Institute of pediatric patients who had NF1 and inoperable PN (defined as a PN that could not be completely removed without risk for substantial morbidity to the patient). The efficacy results were from 50 of the patients who received the recommended dose and had routine evaluations of changes in tumor size and tumor-related morbidities during the trial. Patients received Koselugo 25 mg/m2 orally twice a day until disease progression or until they experienced unacceptable adverse reactions. The clinical trial measured the overall response rate (ORR), defined as the percentage of patients with a complete response and those who experienced more than a 20% reduction in PN volume on MRI that was confirmed on a subsequent MRI within 3-6 months. The ORR was 66% and all patients had a partial response, meaning that no patients had complete disappearance of the tumor. Of these patients, 82% had a response lasting 12 months or longer.

Other clinical outcomes for patients during Koselugo treatment including changes in PN-related disfigurement, symptoms and functional impairments. Although the sample sizes of patients assessed for each PN-related morbidity (such as disfigurement, pain, strength and mobility problems, airway compression, visual impairment and bladder or bowel dysfunction) were small, there appeared to be a trend of improvement in PN-related symptoms or functional deficits during treatment.

Common side effects for patients taking Koselugo were vomiting, rash, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, dry skin, fatigue, musculoskeletal pain (pain in the body affecting bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons and nerves), fever, acneiform rash (acne), stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth and lips), headache, paronychia (infection in the skin that surrounds a toenail or fingernail) and pruritus (itching).

Koselugo can also cause serious side effects including heart failure (manifested as ejection fraction decrease, or when the muscle of the left ventricle of the heart is not pumping as well as normal) and ocular toxicity (acute and chronic damage to the eye) including retinal vein occlusion, retinal pigment epithelial detachment and impaired vision. Patients should have cardiac and ophthalmic assessments performed prior to initiating Koselugo and at regular intervals during treatment. Koselugo can also cause increased creatinine phosphokinase (CPK). CPK is an enzyme found in the heart, brain and skeletal muscles. When muscle tissue is damaged, CPK leaks into a person's blood. CPK elevation in a patient receiving Koselugo should prompt an evaluation for rhabdomyolysis (breakdown of skeletal muscle due to direct or indirect muscle injury). Koselugo should be withheld, dosage reduced or dosage permanently discontinued based on the severity of adverse reactions. Further, Koselugo contains Vitamin E, and patients are at an increased risk of bleeding if their daily intake of Vitamin E exceeds the recommended or safe limits.

Based on findings from animal studies, Koselugo may cause harm to a newborn baby when administered to a pregnant woman. The FDA advises health care professionals to tell females of reproductive age, and males with female partners of reproductive potential, to use effective contraception during treatment with Koselugo, and for one week after the last dose.

The FDA granted this application Priority Reviewand Breakthrough Therapydesignation.Koselugo also received Orphan Drug designation, which provides incentives to assist and encourage the development of drugs for rare diseases, and Rare Pediatric Disease Designation for the treatment of pediatric NF1. The application is awarded a Rare Pediatric Disease Priority Review Voucher.

The FDA granted approval of Koselugo to AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP.

Additional Resources:

Media Contact:Nathan Arnold, (301) 796-6248Consumer Inquiries: Emailor 888-INFO-FDA

The FDA, an agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, protects the public health by assuring the safety, effectiveness, and security of human and veterinary drugs, vaccines and other biological products for human use, and medical devices. The agency also is responsible for the safety and security of our nation's food supply, cosmetics, dietary supplements, products that give off electronic radiation, and for regulating tobacco products.

View original content to download multimedia:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/fda-approves-first-therapy-for-children-with-debilitating-and-disfiguring-rare-disease-301038879.html

SOURCE U.S. Food and Drug Administration

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FDA Approves First Therapy for Children with Debilitating and Disfiguring Rare Disease - BioSpace

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Global Cell Harvesting Market,By Type (Manual Cell Harvesters and Automated Cell Harvesters), By Application (Biopharmaceutical Application, Stem Cell Research and other Applications), By End Users (Hospitals, Ambulatory Centers, Clinics, Community Healthcare, Others), By Geography (North America, South America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East and Africa) Industry Trends and Forecast to 2025

Market Analysis:Global Cell Harvesting Market

The Global Cell Harvesting Market is expected to reach USD 387.9 Million by 2025, from USD 196.9 Million in 2017 growing at a CAGR of 8.9% during the forecast period of 2018 to 2025. The upcoming market report contains data for historic years 2017, the base year of calculation is 2017 and the forecast period is 2018 to 2025.

Complete study compiled with over 100+ pages, list of tables & figures, profiling 10+ companies. Ask for Sample @https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/request-a-sample/?dbmr=global-cell-harvesting-market&skp

Market Definition:Global Cell Harvesting Market

This market report defines the market trends and forecast the upcoming opportunities and threats of the cell harvesting market in the next 8 years. Cell harvesting is extracting the cells either from bone marrow and peripheral blood cells and culturing the cells in the culture dish containing nutrient media. Cell harvesting is used in the cell therapy as well as in gene therapy. University of California developed a cure for bubble baby disease for new born babies by using the cell harvesting in stem cells and gene therapy. Moreover, Asterias developed the stem cell therapy to regain the upper body motor function. University of California, Irvine developed the stem cell therapy to destroy the breast cancer cells.. Now a days cell harvesting is also used in the animal research and development. Cell Harvesting is also used in may research labs for in-Vitro testing. In September 2016, Terumo BCT collaborated with Cognate Bioservices for developing the immunotherapies and other related products like cell therapy products. These innovations in the cell harvesting market is notably attributing towards its increasing demand at the global pace. Further, its demand is likely to gain momentum over the forecast period.

Major Market Drivers and Restraints:

Market Segmentation:Global Cell Harvesting Market

Competitive Analysis:Global Cell Harvesting Market

The global cell harvesting market is highly fragmented and the major players have used various strategies such as new product launches, expansions, agreements, joint ventures, partnerships, acquisitions, and others to increase their footprints in this market. The report includes market shares of cell harvesting market for global, Europe, North America, Asia Pacific and South America.

Table Of Contents Is Available Here@https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/toc/?dbmr=global-cell-harvesting-market&skp

Major Market competitors/players:Global Cell Harvesting Market

Some of the major players operating in the global cell harvesting market are PerkinElmer Inc, Bertin, Tomtec, Terumo BCT, HynoDent AG, Avita Medical, Argos Technologies, SP Industries, Teleflex Incorporated, Arthrex, Inc, Thomas Scientific, Brand GMBH, Brandel, Cox Scientific, Connectorate, Scinomix, Adstec.

Research Methodology:Global Cell Harvesting Market

Data collection and base year analysis is done using data collection modules with large sample sizes. The market data is analyzed and forecasted using market statistical and coherent models. Also market share analysis and key trend analysis are the major success factors in the market report. To know more pleaseRequest an Analyst Callor can drop down your inquiry.

Demand Side Primary Contributors: Doctors, Surgeons, Medical Consultants, Nurses, Hospital Buyers, Group Purchasing Organizations, Associations, Insurers, Medical Payers, Healthcare Authorities, Universities, Technological Writers, Scientists, Promoters, and Investors among others.

Supply Side Primary Contributors: Product Managers, Marketing Managers, C-Level Executives, Distributors, Market Intelligence, Regulatory Affairs Managers among others

About Data Bridge Market Research:

An absolute way to forecast what future holds is to comprehend the trend today!Data Bridge set forth itself as an unconventional and neoteric Market research and consulting firm with unparalleled level of resilience and integrated approaches. We are determined to unearth the best market opportunities and foster efficient information for your business to thrive in the market. Data Bridge endeavors to provide appropriate solutions to the complex business challenges and initiates an effortless decision-making process.

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Cell Harvesting Market Industry Trends and Forecast to 2025 | PerkinElmer Inc, Bertin, Tomtec, Terumo BCT, HynoDent AG, Avita Medical - Bandera County...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Due to the pandemic, we have included a special section on the Impact of COVID 19 on the Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Market which would mention How the Covid-19 is Affecting the Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Industry, Market Trends and Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape, Covid-19 Impact on Key Regions and Proposal for Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Players to Combat Covid-19 Impact.

The report titled Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Market is one of the most comprehensive and important additions to QY Researchs archive of market research studies. It offers detailed research and analysis of key aspects of the global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic market. The market analysts authoring this report have provided in-depth information on leading growth drivers, restraints, challenges, trends, and opportunities to offer a complete analysis of the global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic market. Market participants can use the analysis on market dynamics to plan effective growth strategies and prepare for future challenges beforehand. Each trend of the global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic market is carefully analyzed and researched about by the market analysts.

Key companies operating in the global Bispecific Antibody Therapeuticmarket include_Creative-biolabs, PharmAbcine, Sorrento Therapeutics, Patheon,

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Segmental Analysis :

The report has classified the global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic industry into segments including product type and application. Every segment is evaluated based on growth rate and share. Besides, the analysts have studied the potential regions that may prove rewarding for the Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic manufcaturers in the coming years. The regional analysis includes reliable predictions on value and volume, thereby helping market players to gain deep insights into the overall Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic industry.

Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Market Segment By Type:

Bearing An Fc Region, Lacking An Fc Region

Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Market Segment By Applications:

Osteology, Pulmonary, Respiratory Diseases, Oncology, Gene Therapy

Critical questions addressed by the Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Market report

Reasons to Buy the Report

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Table Of Content

Table of Contents 1 Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Market Overview1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic1.2 Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Segment by Type1.2.1 Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production Growth Rate Comparison by Type 2020 VS 20261.2.2 Bearing An Fc Region1.2.3 Lacking An Fc Region1.3 Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Segment by Application1.3.1 Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Consumption Comparison by Application: 2020 VS 20261.3.2 Osteology1.3.3 Pulmonary1.3.4 Respiratory Diseases1.3.5 Oncology1.3.6 Gene Therapy1.4 Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Market by Region1.4.1 Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Market Size Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2020 VS 20261.4.2 North America Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.4.3 Europe Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.4.4 China Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.4.5 Japan Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.5 Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Growth Prospects1.5.1 Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.5.2 Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.5.3 Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026) 2 Market Competition by Manufacturers2.1 Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)2.2 Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)2.3 Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)2.4 Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Average Price by Manufacturers (2015-2020)2.5 Manufacturers Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production Sites, Area Served, Product Types2.6 Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Market Competitive Situation and Trends2.6.1 Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Market Concentration Rate2.6.2 Global Top 3 and Top 5 Players Market Share by Revenue2.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion 3 Production Capacity by Region3.1 Global Production Capacity of Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)3.2 Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)3.3 Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)3.4 North America Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production3.4.1 North America Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)3.4.2 North America Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)3.5 Europe Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production3.5.1 Europe Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)3.5.2 Europe Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)3.6 China Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production3.6.1 China Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)3.6.2 China Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)3.7 Japan Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production3.7.1 Japan Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)3.7.2 Japan Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 4 Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Consumption by Regions4.1 Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Consumption by Regions4.1.1 Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Consumption by Region4.1.2 Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Consumption Market Share by Region4.2 North America4.2.1 North America Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Consumption by Countries 4.2.2 U.S. 4.2.3 Canada4.3 Europe4.3.1 Europe Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Consumption by Countries 4.3.2 Germany 4.3.3 France 4.3.4 U.K. 4.3.5 Italy 4.3.6 Russia4.4 Asia Pacific4.4.1 Asia Pacific Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Consumption by Region 4.4.2 China 4.4.3 Japan 4.4.4 South Korea 4.4.5 Taiwan 4.4.6 Southeast Asia 4.4.7 India 4.4.8 Australia4.5 Latin America4.5.1 Latin America Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Consumption by Countries 4.5.2 Mexico 4.5.3 Brazil 5 Production, Revenue, Price Trend by Type5.1 Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production Market Share by Type (2015-2020)5.2 Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Revenue Market Share by Type (2015-2020)5.3 Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Price by Type (2015-2020)5.4 Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Market Share by Price Tier (2015-2020): Low-End, Mid-Range and High-End 6 Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Market Analysis by Application6.1 Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Consumption Market Share by Application (2015-2020)6.2 Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2015-2020) 7 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Business7.1 Creative-biolabs7.1.1 Creative-biolabs Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production Sites and Area Served7.1.2 Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.1.3 Creative-biolabs Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.1.4 Main Business and Markets Served7.2 PharmAbcine7.2.1 PharmAbcine Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production Sites and Area Served7.2.2 Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.2.3 PharmAbcine Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.2.4 Main Business and Markets Served7.3 Sorrento Therapeutics7.3.1 Sorrento Therapeutics Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production Sites and Area Served7.3.2 Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.3.3 Sorrento Therapeutics Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.3.4 Main Business and Markets Served7.4 Patheon7.4.1 Patheon Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production Sites and Area Served7.4.2 Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Product Introduction, Application and Specification7.4.3 Patheon Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)7.4.4 Main Business and Markets Served 8 Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Manufacturing Cost Analysis8.1 Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Key Raw Materials Analysis8.1.1 Key Raw Materials8.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price Trend8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic8.4 Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Industrial Chain Analysis 9 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers9.1 Marketing Channel9.2 Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Distributors List9.3 Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Customers 10 Market Dynamics 10.1 Market Trends 10.2 Opportunities and Drivers 10.3 Challenges 10.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis 11 Production and Supply Forecast11.1 Global Forecasted Production of Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic (2021-2026)11.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic (2021-2026)11.3 Global Forecasted Price of Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic (2021-2026)11.4 Global Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)11.4.1 North America Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)11.4.2 Europe Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)11.4.3 China Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)11.4.4 Japan Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026) 12 Consumption and Demand Fprecast12.1 Global Forecasted and Consumption Demand Analysis of Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic12.2 North America Forecasted Consumption of Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic by Country12.3 Europe Market Forecasted Consumption of Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic by Country12.4 Asia Pacific Market Forecasted Consumption of Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic by Regions12.5 Latin America Forecasted Consumption of Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic 13 Forecast by Type and by Application (2021-2026)13.1 Global Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2021-2026)13.1.1 Global Forecasted Production of Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic by Type (2021-2026)13.1.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic by Type (2021-2026)13.1.2 Global Forecasted Price of Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic by Type (2021-2026)13.2 Global Forecasted Consumption of Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic by Application (2021-2026) 14 Reseach Finding and Conclusion 15 Methodology and Data Source 15.1 Methodology/Research Approach 15.1.1 Research Programs/Design 15.1.2 Market Size Estimation 15.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation 15.2 Data Source 15.2.1 Secondary Sources 15.2.2 Primary Sources 15.3 Author List 15.4 Disclaimer

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COVID-19 Impact on Bispecific Antibody Therapeutic Market Identify Which Types of Companies Could Potentially Benefit or Loose out From the Impact of...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Metabolism as cancer progresses

Numerous cancer-specific alterations in metabolism have been identified but have not yet resulted in an effective anti cancer therapeutic. In a Review, Faubert et al. discuss how metabolism changes as cancer develops from a small, premalignant lesion to an aggressive primary tumor and then metastasizes. Metabolic vulnerabilities likely change with cancer progression, making the identification of general cancer-associated metabolic features difficult. The authors propose that a more targeted approach to tissues and vulnerabilities identified in patients may be more effective.

Science, this issue p. eaaw5473

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of malignancy first recognized a century ago. In some cases, reprogrammed metabolic activities can be exploited to diagnose, monitor, and treat cancer. Stereotyped metabolic activities in cultured cancer cellsnotably, aerobic glycolysis, glutamine catabolism, macromolecular synthesis, and redox homeostasissupport the requirements of exponential growth and proliferation. These pathways are under cell-autonomous control by oncogenic signaling and transcriptional networks. This has produced the widespread perception that a core set of fixed metabolic dependencies will prove to be excellent therapeutic targets across diverse cancer types. Several metabolic inhibitors designed to target these pathways have advanced into clinical trials.

The past decade has brought numerous advances in our understanding of why tumors develop metabolic phenotypes that differ from adjacent, nonmalignant tissues and when these phenotypes represent actionable therapeutic vulnerabilities. Mechanistic insights into how the oncogenotype dictates metabolic patterns have exploded, aided by the ever-increasing use of advanced analytical techniques to characterize tumor metabolism in detail. This has led to the remarkable discovery of a few metabolic properties that can directly promote tumor initiation, including the accumulation of D-2-hydroxyglutarate in tumors with mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 and -2. Other advances have demonstrated the extraordinary amount of metabolic heterogeneity among human tumors and, in some cases, even within distinct regions of the same tumor. This heterogeneity results from a complex set of factors, including processes intrinsic and extrinsic to the cancer cell. Many of these studies have identified promising subtype-selective metabolic vulnerabilities in experimental models. However, they have cast doubt on the classical paradigm of convergent, oncogene-driven liabilities among histologically and genetically diverse tumors. Even more fundamentally, it has become increasingly clear that metabolic phenotypes and vulnerabilities evolve as tumors progress from premalignant lesions to locally invasive tumors to metastatic cancer. Microenvironmental and genetic factors appear to induce selective pressures that drive clonal evolution within tumors, and this can create or eliminate metabolic liabilities while facilitating cancer progression. During metastasis, for example, several studies demonstrate that cancer cells need to activate mechanisms to resist oxidative stress, or else these cells are culled by the oxidizing environment of the bloodstream. A major theme arising from recent research is that pathways that stimulate the growth of localized, treatment-nave tumors are distinct from and in some cases irrelevant to the activities that drive mortality by supporting metastasis and therapy resistance.

The emerging view of cancer metabolism is that it is flexible and context-specific, with few fixed, broadly applicable liabilities. Understanding how reprogrammed metabolism supports tumor growthand identifying which reprogrammed activities are most relevant to therapeutic liabilitiesrequires a more sophisticated view of how metabolic phenotypes evolve as cancer progresses. Advanced animal models that recapitulate the landmark events in human cancer progression will be instrumental in discovering the most important metabolic vulnerabilities. These animal studies will need to be complemented by increasing efforts to assess metabolism directly in human tumors through metabolomics, metabolic isotope tracers, and advanced techniques in metabolic imaging. Crucially, cooperative, multidisciplinary research is needed to translate findings from animal models into patients and from human cancer into mouse models for mechanistic studies and hypothesis testing. Ideally, work along these lines will generate efficient ways to detect predictive aspects of metabolic behavior in human tumors to aid in clinical trial design and to stratify patients to receive the most effective therapies. These efforts over the next decade should produce a more nuanced but ultimately more relevant and therapeutically actionable view of cancer metabolism.

Metabolic needs and vulnerabilities evolve throughout cancer progression. Early stages of tumor growth require nutrient uptake and biosynthesis, with additional subtype-selective metabolic needs emerging in locally invasive cancers. Tumors acquire dependence on new pathways during later stages of cancer progression, particularly metastasis and therapy resistance. These include potentially targetable liabilities such as dependence on mechanisms to resist oxidative stress and increased reliance on oxidative phosphorylation.

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of malignancy. As our understanding of the complexity of tumor biology increases, so does our appreciation of the complexity of tumor metabolism. Metabolic heterogeneity among human tumors poses a challenge to developing therapies that exploit metabolic vulnerabilities. Recent work also demonstrates that the metabolic properties and preferences of a tumor change during cancer progression. This produces distinct sets of vulnerabilities between primary tumors and metastatic cancer, even in the same patient or experimental model. We review emerging concepts about metabolic reprogramming in cancer, with particular attention on why metabolic properties evolve during cancer progression and how this information might be used to develop better therapeutic strategies.

View original post here:
Metabolic reprogramming and cancer progression - Science Magazine

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

The majority of the time, periods arrive like clockwork. But sometimes, periods are late or skipped entirely.

There are all sorts of reasons for a missed period. Pregnancy tops the list, of course. But other factors including taking some medications, hormonal issues, and menopause can also delay your period.

In fact, stress is a common reason for a period that doesn't arrive on schedule.

"A woman's menstrual cycle can be a great barometer for her stress level both acute stress and chronic stress," says Lisa Valle, DO, OB/GYN at Providence Saint John's Health Center.

Stress leads to an increase in cortisol, known as the stress hormone. As this hormone increases, it "can wreak havoc on the menstrual cycle by altering the normal hormonal patterns that allow for ovulation and menstruation to occur," says Valle.

Hormones play an essential role in the menstrual cycle, so it's not surprising that an increase in the cortisol hormone has an impact.

Here's how your cycle typically progresses: Hormones are released by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, which in turn cause a response in the ovaries. "It is a fine, delicate balance between your hormones estrogen and progesterone that determines your menstrual flow," Valle says. Stress upends these hormonal patterns.

"This can result in a missed period, delayed bleeding, breakthrough bleeding, or an early period depending on when the stress occurs during the cycle," Valle says.

According to Cleveland Clinic, amenorrhea is the absence of a monthly period. This can occur as a result of issues with the ovaries, reproductive organs, or hormones and stress is a known cause.

In a study that examined the connection between menstrual problems and stress, female students who had high perceived stress were four times more likely to experience amenorrhea. Other studies have found a similar connection between stress and irregular menstruation.

Stress can also lead to a longer cycle, a condition known as oligomenorrhea, says Briana Livingston, MD, OB/GYN at MemorialCare Medical Group. A late or skipped period can be a cause of additional stress, notes Livingston, especially if you're not trying to get pregnant.

From your body's perspective, the type of stress you're experiencing doesn't matter. "Any type of stress can affect your period. This can be emotional, mental or physical," says Valle.

If you are stressed, Livingston advises trying meditation, exercising regularly, and discussing problems with loved ones or a mental health professional. The good news is that once your stress passes, your period should go back to normal.

"When major stress in your life resolves, your period will almost always resume its regular schedule without any long lasting effects on your cycle or your fertility," says Livingston.

Like stress, depression can also have an effect on hormones. Depression is one of the factors that can lead to amenorrhea, according to the Cleveland Clinic. The two conditions are often linked people with chronic stress in their life have a higher risk of developing depression, notes the Mayo Clinic.

There's another consideration when it comes to depression and your period: Some antidepressant medications including SSRIs can increase the levels of a hormone called prolactin, according to a March 2015 review published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. This can delay your period or skip it entirely.

Plus, people experiencing depression often shift their eating habits and experience a loss of appetite. Not eating sufficiently, and having a low body weight, are potential causes of amenorrhea, per the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

If your period is irregular or doesn't occur at all for more than three months, you should talk to your gynecologist, Livingston says.

Follow this link:
Can stress delay your period? Yes, and it's a common reason - Insider - INSIDER

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

A man who spent 11 years living as a trans woman has trained as a counsellor to help people accept their gender, after detransitioning back to being male.

Brian Belovitch, 63, decided to transition to a woman when he was 19 years old, having treatment including hormone therapy and breast implants.

Brian, of Brooklyn, New York, said he felt uncomfortable in his own skin at the time.

I was so uncomfortable as an effeminate, chubby gay boy I thought it would be easier just to be female. Looking back now, I realise I never felt like a woman.

Brian continued: It was more that my gender had always been in question and the idea that something wasnt quite right was forced on me.

It was like, Well, if people think Im a girl, Ill be a girl.'

Brian is speaking out about his extraordinary life, which has seen him battle addiction as he tried to fathom who he really was, just as a British woman has been given the go-ahead to pursue legal action against an NHS gender clinic, saying they should have challenged her more ardently before allowing her to transition from female to male.

Known as a detransitioner a trans person who has reverted back to the sex they were assigned at birth Brian believes we are seeing the tip of the iceberg when it comes people making the decision to change gender in this way.

He said: Youd be shocked by how many people are already coming out in the community to talk about this.

I think people have this idea that transitioning is a great fix all and end up doing it for the wrong reasons.

People like myself have a duty to speak out and be vocal its the only way to stop the same mistakes being made again.

Brian certainly enjoyed a colourful existence after transitioning living as the showgirl Natalia Tish Gervais, through the late 70s and early 80s and performing in legendary New York nightspots like Dancetaria, the Limelight Club and Studio 54, made famous by artist Andy Warhol.

But beneath the glamorous surface was a seedy underbelly that saw Brian, who is now happily married to horticulturist Jim Russell, 61, develop crippling drug and alcohol addictions.

Hitting rock bottom in the 1980s and seeking therapy, in 1986 Brian decided he was fundamentally unhappy in his own skin and decided to transition back to being male.

It was such a relief, he said. I finally felt at peace in myself for the first time.

It felt like my world had become a lot simpler by the decision and I could finally live the life I wanted to.

Brian became confused about his gender as a child, when he remembers strangers mistaking him for a girl to his mothers chagrin.

One of my first memories is being out shopping with my mother and a group of women gathering around and saying, Oh how cute, how sweet. Where does she get those curls and thick eyelashes from?' he said.

My mum didnt deal with it very well and pulled me away shouting that I was a boy.

He continued: My father, Isadore, who passed away when he was 80, would say, Why are you walking that way? Stop shaking your a** like that.'

Targeted by his peers throughout his childhood and into his teenage years, Brian says he was lucky to have survived the experience.

Kids would follow me home and throw rocks at me, he recalled.

He continued: I was scared for my life and I was even more scared my father would hear what they were calling me.

You have to remember this was the 60s. It was pre-Stonewall a series of demonstrations that spearheaded gay liberation and there were only the rumblings of the gay rights movement.

Exploring the local gay scene aged 16 brought Brian some solace, especially when he made a like-minded friend in Paul Bricker, then 17, who tragically passed away from an aneurysm, aged just 27.

Describing Paul as his mentor, Brian said: We were like two peas in a pod from the night we met.

He took me home that night it wasnt sexual and he taught me everything I know. He was like a mentor to me.

Soon after, Brian moved in with Paul and his mother, Gloria Walker, now 93.

In the bohemian household, he could be open about his sexuality and he and Paul began dabbling in the world of drag.

By todays standards, I was what would be called a gender non-conformist, meaning that I trod the line between what is seen as male and female, Brian explained.

It was a mixed bag. We called it scare drag, because we were scaring the straight people that couldnt put us into one of their boxes.

Outgrowing his hometown of Providence, Rhode Island, USA, Brian moved to New York City with $100 (80) in his pocket and started performing with drag queens to earn an extra buck, alongside working in a thrift store.

Taken under the wing of a group of trans women, Brian was still struggling with his own gender identity and began to question if transitioning from male to female might be the answer to his problems.

So, less than a year after arriving in New York, aged just 19, he was given the name of a no questions asked doctor who could help him to transition.

I turned up at this doctors office no questions asked and handed over $10 (8), he recalled.

It was pretty much, Come in, drop your pants, Ill stick you with a needle.'

Describing how the hormone therapy worked very effectively, within a matter of months Brian developed small breasts, had a softened appearance and his voice sounded more feminine.

Changing his name legally that year, Brian officially became Natalia going on to spend the next 11 years living as Tish.

In 1979, four years into his hormone therapy and still not feeling like his authentic self, Brian took the next step in his transition, spending $500 (405) having silicone breast implants fitted.

It felt like the right thing to do at the time, he said. In hindsight, it wasnt very well thought out, but none of my decisions were back then.

He continued: I would just react to the situations around me. I was never 100 per cent committed to being female there was always this niggling question.

I was never assessed. They didnt really do that kind of thing back then.

I just saw the breast implants as another quick fix.

Although struggling personally, Brians professional life as Tish went from strength to strength.

Working seven nights a week, he would run the gauntlet of New Yorks hottest clubs, performing as a big, busty showgirl.

At the height of the 80s, I was a club personality, Brian said. I had a band and would do a live show with a mix of comedy and musical numbers.

He continued: I met some famous faces and was hanging out at VIP parties it was a very exciting time to be alive.

Living both as a man and then as a woman also gave Brian a rare insight into the way society treats people based on their gender.

Discussing the downside of life as a woman, he said: The worst part of living as female was the endless exploitation by men.

He continued: The misogyny and attitude that because I looked like a beautiful, sexy woman, I couldnt possibly have a thought in my head.

And men were constantly trying to have sex with me.

Also, it took much longer to get ready to go out leaving time for hair, make-up etc.

But life as a member of the gentler sex also had benefits, according to Brian.

He continued: The best thing about living as a female was the power of beauty in itself.

I used it to my best advantage and believe I got as far as I did because of my looks.

He continued: I had a lot of fun with make-up and costumes and experiencing life fully in the role of a woman gave me a unique perspective. I know what its like to be a man and a woman in a way in which not many people can understand.

But the party scene and life as a showgirl eventually took its toll on Brians physical and mental health and, in 1986, he hit an all time low.

I was relying on drugs and alcohol to get through each day, he said.

He continued: I was broke, had spent all my money and ended up living on a friends couch.

Putting his life back together, with the help of friends, he kicked his alcohol and drug addiction.

But being stone cold sober meant he could no longer ignore what was staring him in the face that he was not happy living as Tish.

I was as sober as a judge and that really was the beginning of the end for Tish, Brian said.

I always wanted to be my authentic, true self and I realised I wasnt.

After having therapy in which he discussed gender issues and what constitutes a male and a female identity, Brian felt his only option was to revert back to the gender he was assigned at birth.

I was beautiful and young, but I wasnt happy as that person, he said. I was at a crossroads. I knew I had to have surgery on my genitalia or go back to being Brian.

There was no question which path to take. Times had changed a lot since Id made the transition and there were more gay men embracing their effeminate side.

I was in the gym one day and saw a fellow who reminded me of myself before I transitioned.

He continued: He was very effeminate, but he was muscly and buff and I thought that could be me.

So, Brian decided after much consideration, to make the transition back to being male, stopping his hormone therapy and cutting off his shoulder-length hair.

Then, six months later, in February 1987, he spent $750 (609) having his silicone implants removed.

I felt a great sense of relief after the operation, he said. I woke up crying not from the pain but because it felt like a huge burden had been lifted.

Visiting the gym up to five times a week, Brian slowly built up his muscles and, with his hormone replacement out of the window, he started growing more body hair and his shape filled out.

He also came out for the third time.

Ive come out as gay, Ive come out as a trans woman and now I was coming out as a detransitioner, he said.

People would come up to me in the street and say, Hi Tish, and Id have to tell them, No its Brian now.

The whole thing just clicked this was who I was always meant to be.

Saying goodbye to Tish meant leaving the glitz and glamour of the New York drag scene, after which Brian established himself as a successful photography agent and editor.

But, after the economic crash of 2008, he decided to re-train again as a counsellor, specialising in drug and alcohol addiction.

Describing his second time around at being Brian as the the best years of his life, recently he has become alarmed about the amount of trans people following in his footsteps, by reverting back to the gender they were assigned at birth.

Hoping to shine a light on the issue, Brian released his autobiography, Trans Figured: My Journey from Boy to Girl to Woman to Man, in 2018.

He said: I wanted to break the stigma of people who have detransitioned and to provide some insight to anyone struggling with gender confusion.

I hoped to add my voice to the ever expanding understanding of gender and identity.

Nurses and others - employed by the NHS and any other part of health and care - we have never needed them more.

So lets show them some love, and create a living map of gratitude from every corner of Britain.

By dropping a heart on this map, youre saying you appreciate the efforts undertaken daily in the NHS.

Now, Brian who met his husband while walking his Jack Russell Terrier, Bricker, 18 years ago and married in 2013 is hoping to specialise in gender identity counselling, to help other detransitioners with their journey.

He concluded: We need to make sure people are definitely happy with the idea of transitioning and properly inform them of the pros and cons.

I want to help people do that. Im the perfect man for the job.

He concluded: Just look at the life Ive lived Im a self-proclaimed expert.

See the article here:
Brian lived as trans woman Natalia for 11 years before 'detransitioning' back to male - Cambridgeshire Live - Cambridgeshire Live

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

The approval of the humanized monoclonal antibody trastuzumab in 1998 changed the trajectory of treatment and subsequent outcomes for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer and is now the standard of care in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and metastatic settings. However, as with most biologic drugs, trastuzumab comes with a relatively high price tag compared with traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy and contributes to healthcare budgets. Three engineered products related to trastuzumab2 antibody-drug conjugates, ado-trastuzumab emtansine and fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki, as well as the subcutaneous trastuzumab/hyaluronidasehave since been approved and have expanded the treatment options for this patient population. The approval of 5 trastuzumab biosimilars as of the end of 2019 holds the promise of considerable cost savings, but challenges to integrating their use into patient care must be addressed. Barriers to their use, including physician uncertainty to switch patients from the reference drug to the therapeutic biosimilar and patients lack of understanding about biosimilars, are common in the United States. It is also important that all stakeholders, including managed care professionals, pharmacists, and practice administrators, understand how to incorporate trastuzumab biosimilars into formulary discussions, clinical care plans and processes, and educational initiatives for healthcare providers and patients.Introduction

An estimated 268,600 new cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed in women in 2019, making it the most common cancer in women in the United States. Although approximately 42,260 women died from the disease that year, the overall death rate from breast cancer has fallen by 40%, from 33.2 per 100,000 in 1989 to 20.0 per 100,000 in 2016.1 This is due not only to earlier diagnosis through screening but also to the emergence of agents with new mechanisms of action and more targeted therapies that address the presence or absence of 3 key molecular markers in breast cancer: estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2). These molecular markers are the basis for classifying breast cancer into 3 subtypesHER2-positive, hormone receptor-positive (ER+ and/or PR+), or triple-negativeand for determining the appropriate initial treatment approach in early-stage disease.2 Genomic and molecular testing is now standard practice in patients with advanced-stage breast cancer in order to determine the most appropriate targeted therapies based on hormone and HER2 status as well as PIK3CA, BRCA1, BRCA2, and PD-L1 biomarker status.3

An estimated 15% to 20% of women with newly diagnosed breast cancer have tumors that overexpress HER2. These tumors tend to be more aggressive, more likely to invade lymph nodes, and more likely to recur and metastasize than other subtypes. They have also been historically associated with shorter patient survival compared with hormone receptorpositive breast cancer.2,4 However, with the 1998 approval of trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) that targets the extracellular domain of the HER2 protein, the trajectory of HER2-positive breast cancer shifted dramatically. Based on substantially improved outcomes in multiple clinical trials, including significant survival benefits across all stages of the disease, trastuzumab-based regimens are considered the gold standard of treatment for women with HER2-positive breast cancer.2,3

Trastuzumab

Cochrane Database of SystematicReviews found that trastuzumab-based regimens in early breast cancer (EBC) improved overall survival (OS) by 33% (hazard ratio [HR], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.57-0.77; P<.00001) and disease-free survival (DFS) by 40% (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.50-0.71; P <.00001),5 and in the metastatic setting improved OS by 18% (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71-0.94; P = .004) and progression-free survival by almost 40% (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.54-0.70; P <.00001).6

Dosage and Administration

Trastuzumab has a variety of dosing regimens, with the dose, combination of agents, and duration depending on its use in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or metastatic setting. Trastuzumab is administered via intravenous (IV) infusion and requires a loading dose followed by a maintenance dose. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) lists 10 potential regimens in the preoperative and adjuvant settings.3

The NCCN guidelines list 4 potential trastuzumab-containing regimens for metastatic treatment in premenopausal women with trastuzumab in combination with an antiestrogen, either as monotherapy or in combination with lapatinib. For postmenopausal women, the preferred regimens are pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel (category 1) or pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and paclitaxel. Several other regimens are also recommended.3 The NCCN notes that an FDA-approved biosimilar is an appropriate substitute for trastuzumab in all settings.3

Safety

Overall, trastuzumab is well tolerated and does not require any supportive care medications before or after administration. The most common adverse effects (AEs) affecting at least 5% of women in the adjuvant setting are headache, diarrhea, nausea, and chills (most grade 2 in severity), whereas fever, chills, headache, infection, congestive heart failure, insomnia, cough, and rash were the most common AEs affecting at least 10% in the metastatic breast cancer (MBC) setting.7,8

Trastuzumab labeling carries a black box warning of the risk of cardiomyopathy. In the pivotal phase 3 clinical trial published by Slamon and colleagues, combining trastuzumab with anthracyclines caused cardiac dysfunction and heart failure in up to 27% of patients with metastatic disease compared with 7% in the anthracycline monotherapy group.9 Since then, large observational studies have also identified higher rates of cardiotoxicity in women receiving trastuzumab compared with anthracycline alone.10,11 This led to a change in clinical trial design to give the 2 drugs sequentially rather than concurrently, which demonstrated a much lower rate of cardiovascular effects.12 Whether the cardiovascular changes are reversible when trastuzumab is discontinued remains a key question.12

Trastuzumab/hyaluronidase-oysk

Trastuzumab/hyaluronidase-oysk received FDA approval in February 2019. The product uses a patented drug delivery technology to facilitate subcutaneous (SC) administration, with recombinant human hyaluronidase (also called rHuPH20) acting as a temporary spreading factor. It degrades hyaluronan, a large glycosaminoglycan that otherwise limits SC administration of large volumes of fluid.13 Although delivered SC, this product is not self-administered and must be administered by healthcare professionals in an outpatient setting.

Trastuzumab/hyaluronidase-oysk was compared with trastuzumab IV in the open-label, phase 3, noninferiority HannaH (Enhanced Treatment with Neoadjuvant Herceptin) trial. Eligible patients received 8 cycles of chemotherapy with either fixed-dose SC trastuzumab/hyaluronidase-oysk (600 mg) or IV trastuzumab (loading dose, 8 mg/kg; maintenance dose, 6 mg/kg) every 3 weeks in the neoadjuvant setting. Patients received an additional 10 cycles of SC trastuzumab/hyaluronidase-oysk or IV trastuzumab (according to their initial randomization) for 1 year following surgery.14

Rates of grade 3 or higher AEs were similar in the 2 groups, with neutropenia, leukopenia, and febrile neutropenia most common. However, 21% of patients in the SC group versus 12% of patients in the IV group had serious AEs, primarily infections and infestations (8.1% vs 4.4%).15 With 6 years of follow-up in the 591 women in the intention-to-treat population, the event-free survival rate of 65% (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.74-1.29) with an 84% OS (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.61-1.45) were similar between the SC and IV study groups.

The faster administration time provides a much improved experience for patients as demonstrated in the PrefHER and MetaspHer studies. Results of the multicenter, crossover PrefHER trial, which randomized 240 women undergoing neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment for HER-positive breast cancer to 4 cycles each of IV trastuzumab or SC trastuzumab/hyaluronidase-oysk, found that 91.5% of women preferred the SC formulation primarily because they spent less time in the clinic.16 Similar results were seen in the MetaspHer study, which randomized 113 women to 3 cycles of trastuzumab/hyaluronidase-oysk SC or trastuzumab IV, followed by 3 cycles of the IV formulation.17 Several studies have been conducted outside the United States attesting to the cost-savings potential of an SC delivery approach for healthcare systems; the savings are accrued from less preparation and delivery time as well as direct medical cost savings.18-24 However, with the quickly evolving biosimilars market, the cost-savings potential of an SC delivery approach is not yet known in the United States.

It remains unknown if trastuzumab/hyaluronidase-oysk SC delivery will pose a threat to uptake of the biosimilars, all of which are administered by IV.25 This version of trastuzumab does increase the potential for reducing the cost of trastuzumab IV therapy by adding more market competition. In evaluating costs, stakeholders must consider the complete episode of care; these include differences in drug administration costs and in revenue potential between the 2 different routes in practice settings.

The phase 3 PERSEPHONE trial was designed to investigate the hypothesis, demonstrated in other studies, that 6-month adjuvant trastuzumab treatment is noninferior to 12-month delivery.26 The open-label, noninferiority trial randomized 4089 patients with HER2-positive EBC to either 6-month or 12-month trastuzumab delivered every 3 weeks IV or SC in combination with chemotherapy. Switching from the IV to the SC route was allowed at the prescribers discretion. Eighty-two percent of the trastuzumab cycles were given IV and 18% were given SC. The 6-month cohorts met the primary end point of DFS noninferiority to 12 months of treatment, with increased adherence and fewer cardiac and other serious AEs in the 6-month group.26 A cost analysis estimated an average savings of $12,800 for 6 months of trastuzumab versus 12 months, regardless of administration route, for a 100% cost-effective approach with no decrease in quality of life.27 If such a change were adopted as a standard of practice with biosimilars, the cost savings could be even more significant.

Economic Issues Related to Trastuzumab

As with most biologics, the cost of trastuzumab started high and has continued to climb, even as other biologics with similar mechanisms of action entered the market.28 One potential reason for this price increase is that there has not been competition in the marketplace prior to the advent of trastuzumab biosimilar, SC trastuzumab/hyaludronidase-oysk, and antibodydrug conjugate approvals. Trastuzumab has consistently ranked in the top 20 drugs for sales revenue in the United States, with sales of $2.87 billion in 2018.29

Although trastuzumabs high price does not limit access for patients with the need for lifesaving treatment in the United States due to coverage of the therapy by Medicare Part B as well as Medicaid plans, there are significant financial impacts to organizationsincluding practices and health systemsand to patients due to out-of-pocket costs. The cost-effectiveness of trastuzumab with or without concurrent or consecutive therapies in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and metastatic setting has been extensively studied, but results vary depending on the setting, breast cancer stage, and treatment regimen.30-33 In a survey of 45 US oncologists, one-third cited high out-of-pocket costs for patients as a barrier to prescribing trastuzumab in the early and curative stages, and 10% reported at least 1 instance of delaying or canceling treatment because of reimbursement issues. Reimbursement issues also played a role in 60% of instances in which physicians did not prescribe the drug in the metastatic setting.34 In the same survey, one-third of physicians reported that they would increase the use of HER2-positive antibody therapy if a lower-cost biosimilar version of trastuzumab were available.34

Ado-trastuzumab emtansine, fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki, and Other AntibodyDrugConjugates

Read the original post:
Integrating Trastuzumab Biosimilars and HER2-Directed Therapies into HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Management - AJMC.com Managed Markets Network

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

You might find yourself struggling to sleep during the current COVID-19 outbreak, as stress, uncertainty and changes in our usual routine make it more difficult to relax at night and drop off.

Here, we round up some expert advice on how you can try to maintain a regular sleep pattern and get a more restful nights shut-eye.

Try to stick to the same bedtime and wake-up time

Waking up and starting your day at the same time every day is the most important way to stabilize your body clock, says Professor Greg Murray, at Swinburne University of Technology, Australia. He advises sticking to consistent sleep and wake times which fit your natural rhythm. If you are a night owl, it is okay to stay up a little later and get up a little later, just make sure these bedtimes and wake up times are the same every day, he says.

Dr. Elizabeth Cozine, a Mayo Clinic family medicine physician, agrees, Try to go to bed at the same time every night, maybe sleeping in a little bit later than you normally would because youre not rushing to get to the office. And see if you can try to get somewhere between seven and nine hours of sleep, which is what most adults need, and make that a regular part of your day.

Avoid napping

Professor Murray also advises trying not to nap during daylight hours, as it can make it hard to fall asleep at night. If you must nap, he says to restrict your sleep to just 30 minutes.

Get some sunlight during the day

Professor Kevin Morgan, who is a sleep expert at the University of Loughborough, United Kingdom, says that staying indoors means we do not soak up enough sunlight, and this can affect our sleep patterns and our need to nap during the day. To help synchronize our body clock, we should try to get enough sunlight during the day, particularly in the morning, to let our body know its daytime. He recommends exercising outdoors, if you can, or at least just walking to the grocery store or sitting in the garden.

Read also: Why you should still get sunlight even during self-quarantine

And avoid bright light in the evening

In the evening, Professor Murray says we should avoid bright light, as this suppresses the production of the hormone melatonin, which makes us feel sleepy. This also includes avoiding the blue light from computer screens and smartphones, so try to read a book or take a bath instead of watching TV to help you relax.

Avoid alcohol and caffeine

Be careful how much caffeine you have every day, says Professor Morgan, who adds that working from home, or just being at home, offers more opportunities for tea and coffee breaks. Caffeine suppresses the chemical adenosine which contributes to sleepiness and promotes sleep. He also advises limiting your alcohol intake, as although it can help you fall asleep it can also cause you to wake up early, as well as affect the quality of your sleep so you actually feel more tired the next day.

Try to relax

Psychiatry professor Adam Abba-Aji at the University of Alberta, Canada, says that if you are feeling anxious during the COVID-19 outbreak, usually the first sign of it will be a lack of sleep. It becomes difficult to switch our brains off, he said. Where theres a lack of sleep, people sometimes resort to alcohol or some other sedatives. Instead, Abba-Aji suggests trying to relax and switch off with some yoga before you head to bed.

Try meditation

You might not have tried meditation before, but Dr. Cozine says there is a lot of evidence to suggest it can improve sleep, as well as help ease stress and anxiety. Ive found that it helps me turn off those hamster wheels of thoughts that are rolling in my brain, and it also helps me to get ready for the next step, she says. Im not talking about sitting Zen, cross-legged for three hours thinking about I dont know like a desert or something. Im talking about maybe five minutes where you just reset.

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Excerpt from:
How to sleep better during the COVID-19 outbreak - The Jakarta Post - Jakarta Post

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Its never easy to be living with a cancer diagnosis, but for the millions of Americans being treated for cancer right now, these are particularly trying times.

Cancer can compromise the immune system sometimes the cancer itself does this, and sometimes it's the therapies used to treat it. And what we know so far from data reported during the COVID-19 pandemic is that, not surprisingly, people with cancer are at higher-than-average risk of infection with the virus and severe consequences if infected.

For instance, an article published February 2020 in the journal theLancet Oncology reported that in China, patients with a cancer diagnosis, patients being treated with chemotherapy, and patients with lung cancer were more likely to end up on a ventilator or die with a COVID-19 infection compared with healthy people.

It was undoubtedly data like this that prompted the publication of a March 2020 article in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine, which stressed the importance of delaying cancer therapy when possible during the pandemic.

Its a good article, and it's the right recommendation.

Delaying therapy may have two benefits: It will keep vulnerable patients out of hospitals and treatment facilities, where theyre more likely to become infected, and it may relieve patients of the potentially immune-dampening effects of therapy at a time when everyone needs an optimally functioning immune system.

The million-dollar question, for patients and doctors, is what delaying treatment might mean, ultimately, for patients' survival.

RELATED: How Will COVID-19 Affect Cancer Research?

In normal times we generally encourage people not to delay. I used to tell my patients that unless you have a good reason for delay, start treatment as soon as possible.

But urging patients not to delay was often just a way of being consistent. If a treatment program that produced good results for postoperative chemotherapy for breast cancer when started four weeks after surgery has been tested and proved to work, for instance, its best to do it that way so all patients are treated alike, and so that we can predict the benefit a patient might get out of it. This then takes the issue of scheduling out as a variable.

Truthfully, four weeks was not necessarily selected because we know its the best time to start treatment; eight weeks might have worked as well or better. These kinds of variables are usually not put under stringent tests.

Have we allowed delays of treatment in the past? Sure. Sometimes a patient may have wanted to wait until after a daughters wedding, or a special trip they had planned. Depending on the type of cancer, and the stage, we tried to accommodate them.

The truth is, we dont have good data on what delays mean, because its not something weve had to consider on a grand scale.

Right now, though, we have to weigh the risk of patients getting and succumbing to COVID-19 against the risk of delaying a work-up and treatment. In most cases, delaying treatment is the less risky path. It's confusing when oncologists tell patients this, and probably scary. But the truth is, many cancers take years to develop, and in most cases, a few months' delay is probably not that risky, especially compared with the risk of getting COVID-19.

RELATED: 6 Dangerous COVID-19 Home Remedies to Avoid

Theres no one-size-fits-all template when deciding who needs immediate treatment and who can delay. Each case really should be addressed individually.

One of the most critical factors that will go into the decision is the age of the patient. Age is a critical factor in defining risk of dying from COVID-19. In most data reported, the case fatality rates are highest in patients over 70 and especially high in those over 80. Many in this age group also have a co-morbid (more than one) health condition, which puts them at increased risk.

If two patients have the same stage of the same cancer, but one is 75 with emphysema and the other is 55, their different risks if they get COVID-19 will affect the decision about treatment. The bottom line is that, when age is a factor, its in everyones best interest to keep high-risk older patients out of hospitals and clinics for a while. Most likely, older patients are going to be advised to wait.

Some cancers are an easier call than others. Prostate cancer, which tends to occur in older men, falls into this category. Low and even intermediate risk patients with prostate cancer are often offered the option of watch and wait even in normal times, so they can wait three more months for sure.

Even high-risk patients with prostate cancer can be offered hormone deprivation therapy to tide them over.

But some cancers grow rapidly, like acute leukemias and aggressive lymphomas, and many times they are the ones we can cure with aggressive treatment. In those cases, delay may well be detrimental, and arrangements need to be made to provide care in a way that minimizes, as much as possible, the risk of contracting COVID-19.

At Yale, where I am a professor, our oncologists have reorganized our outpatient facilities so that those who must go ahead can do so as safely as possible. We moved an outpatient cancer clinic to a facility 15 miles away from the main hospital, which is treating COVID-19 patients. From what I hear, other centers that have the option to repurpose clinics are doing the same thing.

And while most centers have stopped initiating new clinical trials and have stopped accruing new patients to ongoing studies, patients already participating in studies will continue to get treatment.

Of course, the usual precautions (use of protective gear like masks and, for doctors, face shields) still need to be taken for those undergoing chemo in this environment, because we know some apparently well individuals are unknowingly harboring the COVID-19 virus.

Being keeping people being treated for cancer away from the center of the action, by distancing them from the main hospital, can only help protect them right now.

It goes almost without saying that all these are decisions that oncologists need to share with their patients.

We are in an unusual time for cancer patients. Two major things have happened to them their cancer, and a pandemic washing over their community. The latter is moving very fast. The former, in many cases, more slowly.

For most patients, its best to delay treatment if your doctor thinks its possible, and let the pandemic wave crash by. This will reduce the risk for most patients of getting COVID-19 and also make a safer, less-crowded space for cancer patients who dont have the option of delaying treatment.

The 21stCentury Cures Act passed by Congress in 2016 urged the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the entire medical field to make better use of real-world data to make decisions in drug development. Were seeing that put into practice now with the use of hydroxychloroquine in patients infected with COVID-19. Perhaps, if we are clever enough, we can glean some useful data and insight on the impact of delaying cancer treatment when this pandemic ends.

RELATED: Cancer and COVID-19: What You Need to Know to Protect Yourself

Read more from the original source:
Should You Delay Cancer Treatments During the COVID-19 Pandemic? - Everyday Health

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith