Global Genetic Testing Market, Insights, Size, Share, Growth Rate, Revenue, SWOT Analysis, Applications, Industry Demand, Forecast, Potential, Type, Key Companies.

The report forecast global Genetic Testing market to grow to reach xxx Million USD in 2019 with a CAGR of xx% during the period 2020-2024.

The report offers detailed coverage of Genetic Testing industry and main market trends. The market research includes historical and forecast market data, demand, application details, price trends, and company shares of the leading Genetic Testing by geography. The report splits the market size, by volume and value, on the basis of application type and geography.

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Genetic Testing Product Type Coverage (Market Size & Forecast, Major Company of Product Type etc.):

Newborn Screening

Diagnostic Testing

Carrier Testing

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

Prenatal Diagnosis

Predictive and Presymptomatic Testing

Pharmacogenomics

Genetic Testing Company Coverage (Sales Revenue, Price, Gross Margin, Main Products etc.):

GeneDx

Invitae

Pathway Genomics

Counsyl Inc

Asper Biotech

GenePlanet

Courtagen Life Sciences

Gene By Gene

Natera Inc

Regulatory

GeneTests

United Gene

HI Gene

Berry Genomics

23andMe Inc

360Jiyin

Novogene

CapitalBio

Agen

Biomedlab

Biomarker

Annoroad

Aiyin Gene

Aijiyin

Repconex

Find Bio-Tech

SinoGenoMax

Gene Kang

Geeppine

BGI

Genetic Testing Application Coverage (Market Size & Forecast, Different Demand Market by Region, Main Consumer Profile etc.):

Cardiology

Dermatology

Hematology

Hereditary Cancer

Immunology

Metabolic Disorders and Newborn Screening

Neurology

Ophthalmology

Pediatric Genetics

Others

Genetic Testing Region Coverage (Regional Production, Demand & Forecast by Countries etc.):

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Some Points from Table of Contents:

Chapter 1 Market Overview

1 Industry Overview

1.1 Genetic Testing Industry

1.1.1 Overview

1.1.2 Development of Genetic Testing

1.2 Market Segment

1.2.1 Upstream

1.2.2 Downstream

1.3 Cost Analysis

2 Industry Environment (PEST Analysis)

2.1 Policy

2.2 Economics

2.3 Sociology

2.4 Technology

3 Genetic Testing Market by Type

4 Major Companies List

5 Market Competition

5.1 Company Competition

5.2 Regional Market by Company

6 Demand by End Market

6.1 Demand Situation

6.1.1 Demand in Residential

6.1.2 Demand in Industrial and Agriculture

6.1.3 Demand in Commercial

6.1.4 Demand in Others

6.2 Regional Demand Comparison

6.3 Demand Forecast

7 Region Operation

8 Marketing & Price

8.1 Price and Margin

8.1.1 Price Trends

8.1.2 Factors of Price Change

8.1.3 Manufacturers Gross Margin Analysis

8.2 Marketing Channel

9 Research Conclusion

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Table and Figures

Table Type of Genetic Testing

Table Application of Genetic Testing

Table Google Inc. Overview List

Table Genetic Testing Business Operation of Google Inc. (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table Delphi Automotive Overview List

Table Genetic Testing Business Operation of Delphi Automotive (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

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Global Genetic Testing Market Size, Share, Analysis, Applications, Sale, Growth Insight, Trends, Leaders, Services and Forecast to 2024 - Eastlake...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Knowing your status takes only a minute now. Literally.

A rapid HIV test, new to Florida, is helping local advocates reach more people in a state where the virus has hit epidemic levels.

More than 100,000 people in Florida are living with HIV right now, and about 15 percent of them dont know they have it. Despite advances in medicine that both prevent and treat the virus, along with more outreach and education, rates of infection continue to climb in America.

In 2016, 611 people out of every 100,000 living in Florida had HIV, according to data collected by AIDSVu, an online mapping tool that shows where the virus is spreading in the U.S. Pinellas and Hillsborough counties are among the most active in the state.

Dozens of advocacy groups, local and national, are trying to thwart the spread of HIV. In his State of the Union address in February, President Donald Trump announced an initiative to end the epidemic in the U.S. by 2030. In Pinellas, the Zero Pinellas partnership aims to reduce the number of new HIV infections in the county by 50 percent by 2021.

RELATED: HIV is on the rise in Florida and young people dont seem to care

Metro Inclusive Health, an LGBTQ health care nonprofit and a member of Zero Pinellas, is seeing more people come in for the new test, known as INSTI, which gives a result in 60 seconds.

The new rapid test allows us to give people results sooner, and lets us go out into the field to test people who may be at higher risk for HIV, said Rebecca Nessen, vice president of strategic initiatives for Metro, which offers primary care and HIV services to patients in Pasco, Pinellas and Hillsborough counties, regardless of ability to pay.

Usually the people who are at higher risk arent the type who are going to walk in our door for an appointment, Nessen said.

The test isnt brand new its been on the market for a couple of years. But the Florida Department of Health recently approved it for use, so Metro and other nonprofits that receive grants from the state can use it at their clinics. Metro began offering the service to patients on Sept. 30, Nessen said.

There are a variety of ways to screen for HIV, all involving a blood test. Previously, Metro could test for HIV and receive a result in 20 minutes. Another test the organization offers sends a blood sample to a lab, where results return in 10-to-14 days.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that everyone 13 and older be tested at least once in their lives for HIV. High-risk populations should test at least once a year.

The INSTI test checks for HIV antibodies in the blood. HIV antibodies are disease-fighting proteins that the body produces in response to the infection. It can take three to 12 weeks from the time of infection for the body to develop antibodies, which is why organizations like Metro still offer a range of HIV tests.

Most people who come in to be tested are the ones who suspect they have been exposed," said Shirlene Manuel, a prevention specialist with Metro. And that 20-minute wait time for the other test can be stressful, she said.

Manuel recalled talking on the phone with one patient for two weeks before convincing him to come in for an HIV test. Once he was in the Metro clinic waiting room, he tried to leave.

Shaving off those extra minutes makes a big difference, she said. When someone has made the decision to get tested, generally, they want to know the result right away.

RELATED: A transgender man in search of hormone therapy, he turned to Planned Parenthood

The INSTI test requires a quick prick from a finger and a small amount of blood, which is then mixed with three solutions. Similar to a pregnancy test, one dot or two will appear on the test device to show the result. One dot means the result is negative. Two is positive.

For patients who test positive, Metro is able to connect them with clinical, behavioral and support services. For those who test negative, Metro can help them get a prescription for PrEP, short for pre-exposure prophylaxis, the daily drug that can prevent HIV.

Metro clinical members also use the rapid test at events in the community. From Pride events in downtown St. Petersburg to health fairs, recreation centers and other community gatherings, they offer tests from mobile clinic vans.

But stigma is still a major barrier in convincing people to get tested, Manuel said. It comes across the board, she said, from young and old and people of all races.

Manuel has heard the excuses.

People say, I dont do those kinds of things so they dont think they need to be tested. Or they use condoms, or theyve only had one partner, she said. Even in 2019 going into 2020, stigma in this community is still high.

__________

No-cost HIV tests available

In observance of World AIDS Day on Sunday, health departments are offing free HIV tests at these locations on Monday:

Read the original here:
The one-minute HIV test has come to Florida, and people are taking it - Tampa Bay Times

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Telling your family and friends that you are transgender can be difficult - but what happens when you're in a serious relationship?

This was the situation facing married tattoo artist Eva Echo.

The 39-year-old, from Cradley Heath, had been married to her wife for around four years before realising why she had felt so different her whole life.

Reading stories about relationships ending when someone came out as a different gender highlighted her biggest fear.

But she knew that she couldn't hide it anymore.

Eva said: "Towards the end of 2016, I was dealing with a customer at work and this man decided to take pictures of me which I was quite shocked at because I wasn't presenting as female. I've always been quite androgynous.

"I still wore eye makeup and he obviously thought it was hilarious. He needed to take photos, send it around to a circle of friends.

"He denied it when I confronted to about it. I mean, he didn't realise there was a mirror behind him so I could actually see what was on his phone.

"At which point he then said his phone was playing up and that it took a photo and sent it to his friends. I just wasn't buying it. But it also kind of made me think what is it about me that people stare at?

"What is it that I'm seeing differently when I look in the mirror.

"I thought, okay, you know, this is the time I need to take time out, or just figure this out once and for all because leading up to this moment I'd been suffering with an eating disorder, depression, self-harm and even attempted suicide.

"I just knew I couldn't go on having these complete ups and downs, and the idea of being transgender surfaced a bit more around about that time. I started to kind of open myself up to the possibility that I could be transgender.

"I started blogging anonymously at first because I needed somewhere to externalise all the things going on in my head. I had no one to talk to about it really.

"I wanted to stop feeling like my head was going to explode.

"There's still elements of shame, embarrassment and letting people down and telling my partner was scarier because we are so close."

Eva tried hard to gain the confidence to tell her partner, Pippa Echo, about being transgender and even wrote an anonymous open letter to her on her blog in 2017.

It said: "When we first met, I knew you were the one for me. I trusted you entirely.

"The more I was around you, the more I could feel some kind of peace. That I didnt have to constantly battle the world on my own. At the same time, it made me realise I could let my guard down and be more of myself.

"I felt complete for the first time in my life. I cannot thank you enough for letting me feel like that. I guess thats what ultimately led me down this path of self-discovery.

"Just to clarify, Im not saying this is your fault. Not at all. If anything, youve just been you: the caring and genuine person that you are; the person I fell in love with and wanted to marry within a few weeks of knowing you.

"Remember the conversation we had at the flat one day, where you asked why I chose to wear or look the way I do? And I said I felt comfortable enough to do so around anyone for the first time in my life?

"Well, thats the light you provide in my life. Its my fault for then not being able to control this properly, allowing things that I thought I could ignore or lock away to gradually emerge."

When the night finally came to confront the personal crisis head on, she was filled with fear that her partner would leave her for going through this change.

Eva eventually found confidence after a few shots of vodka to calm the nerves.

"Looking on the internet, there's so many stories of partners that call it a day," she said.

"They all go into it in good faith but ultimately most of them just fell out.

"That really scared me because I didn't want to lose so much just because of me. When I went to tell her about it, I was a complete mess. I came home from work and I just kept psyching myself up about it.

"I knew I needed to say something. I just remember walking in and out of the kitchen, giving myself a shot of vodka to try and give me some confidence.

"It must have been about 9 or 10 o'clock by the time I got round to it because I was just stalling so much.

"I was a bit tipsy by the time I came out with it. I literally just said that I thought there was something wrong with me.

"Even when I was trying to explain it, I was still so scared to use the word transgender because it makes it so definite but when I finally came out she said she pretty much knew already.

"It was a huge weight off my shoulders. This great cloud over me for years, and all of a sudden, everything was a bit sunnier."

The couple recently celebrated their six year wedding anniversary and they say their relationship is as strong if not stronger than it was before.

Pippa told BirminghamLive that the day Eva came out to her she initially thought she was going to leave her.

When she finally revealed her identity, Pippa said it was like she 'was giving her her real self' proving to Eva that true love looks beyond gender.

Eva has since revealed her identity on her blog and continues posting to raise awareness of issues in the LGBT community.

Since coming out almost three years ago, Eva has been on the NHS waiting list for the gender identity clinic (GIC) at Exeter but has gone private in order to speed up the transition process and is currently on hormone therapy.

The male to female transition process is made more complicated by the irreversible effects of testosterone during male puberty that effects bone structure and deepens the voice.

Eva went privately to have her face reconstructed to be more feminine, as the procedure is not covered on the NHS.

She said: "I started hormone therapy last summer and since then I've also had facial surgery.

"That was to Botox injections to my jawline to contour the jawline - an alternative to physical surgery. I also had fat transferred from my stomach to my cheeks and also had the brow bone shaved and contoured as well. At the same time, they lowered my hairline slightly.

"It was very strange going to sleep with one face and waking up with an altered one, because of the swelling as well, it's so surreal. I took time off work to heal.

"It took some getting used to, having this is new person looking back at you in the mirror. But at the same time, it's a relief because you're another step closer to marrying the outside with the inside as well."

Eva plans to continue the final stages of her transition on the NHS but could have up to a year left on the waiting list, due to the NHS being at breaking point trying to cope with the huge surge in patients seeking gender identity services and as there are only 7 clinics in the UK.

Originally posted here:
'My wife's heartwarming reaction when I told her I was transgender' - Birmingham Live

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

JASON CONNOLLY/Getty Images

The winter festival season is just around the corner, but theres one winter event that stands out above the rest.

Its called Frozen Dead Guy Days and its been happening in the mountain town of Nederland, Colorado (just over half an hour west of Boulder, Colorado), since 2002. Now in its 19th year, the quirky festival is still offering some not-so-traditional winter activities think polar plunges, human foosball, frozen T-shirt contests, and coffin races.

Yes, you read that correctly.

Frozen Dead Guy Days started when Bredo Morstoel, a public official from Norway died in 1989, according to the Denver 7. After his death, his grandson Trygve Bauge had his body sent to a San Francisco-based cryonics lab called Trans Time to be preserved (frozen) with the hope that science would one day cure his grandfathers ailments, according to Atlas Obscura.

While Morstoel was being preserved, Bauge built a cryonics chamber inside a Tuff Shed at his home in Nederland, Colorado outfitting it to withstand all kinds of natural and manmade disasters, according to Atlas Obscura. There, Bauges grandfather (and a few other frozen bodies that had been sent to Bauges lab) remained for a few years.

WATCH: Colorado from above

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Unfortunately, in the mid-90s, Bauge was sent back to Norway and the frozen body was left with his mother in Colorado. The other bodies from Bauges fledgling cryonics lab were returned to their families. According to the Denver 7, Bauge now pays a man named Brad Wickham to deliver between 900 and 1,200 pounds of fresh dry ice every two weeks to cover his grandfathers sarcophagus which can still be found in Nederland.

Since Bauge left the country, the story of his grandfather and the failed cryonics facility have become part of the local history. And in 2002, the Frozen Dead Guy was suggested as a theme for the towns winter festival (perhaps jokingly, at first), according to Atlas Obscura. Yet the theme stuck, and the story has become part of Colorados culture (along with others).

The frigidly fun festival is now one of Colorados most anticipated winter events. It usually takes place over the course of three days in March. During the festivals most popular event, the coffin race, costume-clad teams show up with a decorated coffin. Each team must pay an entry fee of $75 and prizes are given out for the best time, best theme, and most notable screw up.

In addition to the coffin race and other events, the festival delivers plenty of live music and local food. The weekend starts with the annual Blue Ball, the festivals opening party. Our suggestion: Be sure to put on a warm winter coat, because March in Colorado can be particularly cold and snowy.

The next Frozen Dead Guy Days festival will take place March 13-15, 2020.

More:
Frozen Dead Guy Days Is the Weirdest Winter Festival in the US - msnNOW

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Global Cryonics Technology Market Research Reports offer valuable insights and market trends to present the Cryonics Technology Industry performance. The introduction, product details, Cryonics Technology marketing strategies, Cryonics Technology market share, and key players are stated. The industry trends, development plans, prospects, opportunities, and development threats are explained in detail. The CAGR value, technological development, new product launches, and Cryonics Technology Industry competitive structure is elaborated.

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The study report is evaluated on two segments i.e types and applications covering all the analytical data for current and future markets. The geographical regions covered in the report are-

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The report discusses gross margin, sales, revenue, production, market share, CAGR, and market size by region. Here, the global Cryonics Technology Market is deeply analyzed based on regions, types, applications, and Companies.

There are 13 chapters to display an in-depth analysis of the report.

Table of contents 1. Report Overview2. Global Growth Trends3. Market Share by Manufacturers4. Market Size by Type5. Market Size by Application6. Production by Regions7. Cryonics Technology Consumption by Regions8. Company Profiles9. Market Forecast10. Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis11. Opportunities & Challenges, Threat and Affecting Factors12. Key Findings13. Appendix

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Cryonics Technology Market Competitive Research and Precise Outlook 2019 to 2025 (Praxair, Cellulis, Cryologics, Cryotherm and many more..) -...

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Issued on: 29/11/2019 - 15:14Modified: 29/11/2019 - 15:14

French women are having children later in life, making conception more difficultas fertility diminishes with age. Egg freezing,a procedure to counter the problem,is illegal in France but a new bioethics law looks set to legalise it. In the meantime, women go to Spain, or find French doctors willing to bend the rules.

Michael Grynberg, head of reproductive medicine at the Antoine Bclre hospital in Clamart,receives a 31-year-old woman in his office.

She has endometriosis, a condition where the uterus swells painfully. Shes been taking hormone treatments for the pain, which interrupted her fertility.

Three months ago she stopped the treatment to see what would happen.

Your ovaries appear to be working normally again, Grynberg tells her, looking through her file. He wants to take advantage of the situation to extract her eggs nowbefore she goes back on the treatment.

They will then be frozen so she can use them in the future if she wants to have a baby. The woman sees this as a kind of insurance.

Im single, and I am not planning on having a child right now. For me its an ideal solution, she explains.

Grynberg reminds her that most women with endometriosis end up conceiving a child naturally.

Doctors in France are increasingly willing to freeze the eggs of patients suffering from endometriosis. But what about those who have no obvious medical problem, women who are worried they are getting too old to conceive naturally?

Grynberg calls this social freezing, which is not currently legal in France. So he tries to find a medical reason for these women, to stay within the law.We are always trying to help these patients, to try to find something, if it exists," he explains.

He never makes anything up. But if we find something, we can push it, to consider it a medical problem.

The average age for a first pregnancy in France is 28.5 years old, up from 24 years old in the 1970s. And many first pregnancies happen when a woman is in her 30s.

Women today postpone pregnancy, says Grynberg. This can be for career reasons, or because they have not found the right partner. Also, families are changing: More and more people divorce and want to have another kid with a new partner later in life.

He can offer these women IVF, in-vitro fertilisation, a medically-assisted way of conceiving available to women in France in heterosexual couples. They can do this until the age of 43, but using their own eggs at the time they come in for the procedure.

This is problematic because a womans egg quality decreases dramatically after the age of 35.

Limits of technology

We do not have any technique to improve the egg quality, says Grynberg. The only medical tool available is to freeze a womans eggs when she is younger, to fix time by freezing eggs, as he puts it.

A woman over 36 years old has a 5 to 10 percent of conceiving a child through IVF. If she uses eggs that she froze before she was 35, her chances of conceiving a child go up to 60 percent

Grynberg is frustrated that he cannot offer the option to his patients. If older women are allowed to go through IVF, why not give them access to something that increases the chances of success?

The bioethics law currently making its way through the French legislature would legalise egg freezing for women, regardless of their medical condition.

Since 2011, the option has been available for those who have serious medical problems affecting fertility, like radiation treatments for cancer.

So Grynberg bends diagnoses, like endometriosis. The law gives him a lot of discretion.

The law has been written in a way to enable the physician to consider what could be medical and non-medical. I consider this law as very permissive, he says.

Pressure on women

The provision allowing egg freezing made it into the bioethics legislation with 39 votes, out of only 44 MPs who turned up. The legislation is now waiting to be read by the Senate in the spring, before it will become law.

Lawmakers arguing against allowing egg freezing raised concerns that companies would pressure women to put off having children and focus on their careers instead. They pointed to US tech companies covering the cost of egg freezing for their female employees.

As a result, the French legislation will have a specific provision prohibiting anyone an individual or company - from paying for the procedure for anyone else.

For Grynberg, whose focus is on the medicine, the major issue with any fertility treatment is a lack of information in France.

Many of his patients come to him completely unaware of how much fertility is dependent on age.

It's crazy the number of patients coming to my office saying, I thought that IVF or other medical techniques could help me, even if I'm 38, 39 or 40, he says. We need to improve the knowledge of this for all young women. Because they need to build their careers and lives with this knowledge.

This story was produced for the Spotlight on France podcast.

Read more:
French fertility doctors bend the law to allow women to freeze eggs - RFI

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Pregnant women with eating disorders have an increased risk of complications, both for the mother and the baby, according to new research.

Eating disorders affect millions of people around the world, most often women in childbearing age. However, to date only a few smaller, limited studies have examined potential complications for children born to mothers with eating disorders.

That led researchers at the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden to take a comprehensive view by studying all the 1.2 million mothers who gave birth in Sweden between 2003 and 2014. Of those mothers, nearly 2,800 had anorexia, 1,400 had bulimia, and 3,400 had an unspecified eating disorder. They also compared whether the risk varied between these different types of eating disorders and whether the mother had an active or previous eating disorder.

The study showed that all types of eating disorders increased the risk of premature birth, microcephaly (small head circumference for gestational age), and hyperemesis during pregnancy, a severe form of nausea and vomiting affecting the mother.

The risk of anemia was twice as high for women with active anorexia or unspecified eating disorder as for mothers without eating disorders. Active anorexia was also associated with an increased risk of antepartum hemorrhage.

The increases in risk were more pronounced if the disease was active, but women who hadnt been treated for an eating disorder in more than a year before conception were also at higher risk of complications compared to mothers who had never been diagnosed with an eating disorder, according to the studys findings.

Women with an eating disorder should be recognized as a high-risk group among pregnant women. From a clinical point of view, this means that care providers need to develop better routines to identify women with active or previous eating disorders and consider extended pregnancy screenings to meet their needs, said ngla Mantel, a researcher at the Department of Medicine in Solna at the Karolinska Institutet and resident physician in obstetrics and gynecology at Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset and corresponding author of the study.

According to the researchers, there are several possible explanations for the associations. An inadequate diet with subsequent nutritional deficiencies may limit fetal growth. The stress hormone cortisol tends to be high in women with anorexia and bulimia and has previously been associated with microcephaly. Both stress and some nutritional deficiencies in the mother have previously been connected to premature birth. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies have also been associated with placental abruption, which could explain the increased risk of bleeding during pregnancy.

When it comes to hyperemesis, the researchers noticed that part of the association to eating disorders disappeared when they adjusted for psychiatric conditions such as anxiety and depression. Other outcomes remained largely the same after adjusting for variables such as age, smoking, and birth year.

The study was published in the journal JAMA Psychiatry.

Source: Karolinska Institutet

Related Articles

Go here to see the original:
Pregnant Women With Eating Disorders Face Higher Risk of Complications for Both Baby and Mother - PsychCentral.com

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

November 26, 2019 Cover

More than 58 years ago, in 1961, Mike Love and his cousins Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson and Dennis Wilson, along with family friend Al Jardine, formed a different kind of garage band. They took all things associated with summer the laid back lifestyle, the girls and fun, wrapped in their Southern California penchant for the beach, sun and surfing and came up with their own songs and sound unlike anything anyone had ever heard. Their upbeat, yet intricately arranged songs came about thanks to the weirdly wired Brian Wilson and creative juices of Mike Love.

Take the hassle out of Thanksgiving dinner and let the Laughlin resorts serve you a traditional spread this holiday.

In a sea thick with Rat Pack tributes, there is but one that asks the question, What if?What if Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin and Sammy Davis, Jr. were still here? How would they react to todays world? How would they cope? Would they still resonate with crowds when audience members are pulled in so many different musical directions? What would they joke about in a world that has become either too P.C. or off the charts in the disgusting department? How would they make the world cool again?Those are the questions Rick Michel asked himself as he designed a show based around Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin and Sammy Davis,Jr.

Nothing is more exciting than hearing B5 called out and checking off the final square on your ticket so you can proudly yell out bingo! Tons of players choose this gambling game because of the excitement and anticipation, challenging patterns, fun promotions and value for their money.Tropicana Bingo Manager Marie Myers is responsible for making the game enticing and enjoyable at her property, which has been voted the best bingo hall in Laughlin four years running in the Mohave Valley Daily News Best Of readers poll.

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Cheapest viagra super active pills - Sildenafil viagra super active 100mg - What is the difference between viagra professional and viagra super active...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Diseases of the thyroid gland are very common, affecting millions of people in the globe, but the most common thyroid problems are: An overactive gland, called hyperthyroidism especially Graves disease, toxic adenoma or toxic nodular goiter.

Background

Thyroid enlargement due to over activity (as in Graves disease) or from under-activity (as in hypothyroidism).

An enlarged thyroid gland is often called a goiter.

Patients with a family history of thyroid cancer or who had radiation therapy to the head or neck as children for acne, adenoids, or other reasons are more prone to developing thyroid malignancy.

How is a Thyroid disorder Diagnosis Made?

The diagnosis of a thyroid function abnormality or a thyroid mass is made by taking a medical history and a physical examination.

In addition, blood tests and imaging studies or fine-needle aspiration may be required.

According to Dr Bruce W. Peters, ENT-Otolaryngologist in Toms River, New Jersey, as part of the exam, doctors will examine your neck and may ask you to lift up your chin to make your thyroid gland more prominent.

You may also be asked to swallow during the examination, which helps to feel the thyroid and any mass in it.

Some other tests doctors may order include: Evaluation of the larynx/vocal cords with an Eber optic telescope, An ultrasound examination of your neck and thyroid Blood tests of thyroid function, A nuclear thyroid scan, ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy and a CT or MRI scan

What are Thyroid Nodules?

Thyroid nodules are common, occurring in 15-65 percent of people of all ages. They occur in both women and men, but are especially common in women (50 per cent of women or older have had a thyroid nodule).

Usually patients and their physicians first notice thyroid nodules during a routine physical exam of the neck area. Sometimes they are found incidentally during a radiographic evaluation of the neck (such as a CT scan, X-ray, MRI or Ultrasound).

Although the vast majority of thyroid nodules are benign, the physician should evaluate a significant thyroid nodule, as approximately 5-10 percent of thyroid nodules are cancerous.

In general, a thyroid nodule is considered significant if it is one centimeter or larger and/or presents concerning features on ultrasound.

What is Thyroid Surgery?

There is no medical treatment for thyroid nodules.

If a decision is made that the thyroid nodule needs to be removed, surgical treatment is recommended.

Nodules that are suspicious or cancerous on biopsy require surgical removal.

Large nodules are often removed for a number of reasons. Benign large thyroid nodules may cause pressure symptoms in the throat or cause difficulty swallowing.

Thyroid nodules that produce excess thyroid hormone may also need to be removed. Some thyroid nodules are large enough that standard diagnostic approaches prevent accurate assessment of the possibility of cancer and, therefore, need to be surgically removed.

Thyroid surgery is an operation to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. It is performed in the hospital and general anesthesia is usually required.

Typically, the operation removes the lobe of the thyroid gland containing the suspicious nodule or lump. A frozen section (immediate microscopic reading) may be used to determine if the rest of the thyroid gland should be removed during the same surgery.

Based on the result of the frozen section, the decision will be made in the operating room if removal of any remaining thyroid tissue is necessary. These options will be discussed with you preoperatively by the doctor.

According to Dr Peters, as an alternative, he may choose to remove only one lobe and wait for the final pathology report before deciding, if the remaining lobe needs to be removed.

If a malignancy is identified in this way, he may recommend that the remaining lobe of the thyroid be removed at a second procedure.

What happens after Thyroid Surgery?

The surgery usually takes two to three hours, and most patients were watched carefully in the hospital overnight. Its pain is often minimal, and will take four to seven days off.

Amadu Kamil Sanah, Toms River, New Jersey, USA

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Thyroid disorder and surgery: What you need to know - Myjoyonline.com

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Elite runner Mary Cain said in the New York Times this month that her experience with the coaching system at the now-shuttered Nike Oregon Project encouraged unhealthy levels of weight loss, leading to five broken bones, mental health problems.

The ordeal also derailed her career, according to Cain.

Her experience eating too few calories, having dangerously low bone density, and missing her periods is illustrative of what seems to be a disturbingly common condition among female athletes: Relative energy deficiency in sports, or RED-S. It's also been called female athlete triad, but most professionals now refer to it as RED-S, in part to include male athletes, and to recognize that undereating isn't always related to an eating disorder.

While the condition or symptoms of it can affect anyone from the weekend warrior to the Olympian, it seems to be an especially pervasive, though still under-the-radar, problem among higher-level athletes, including Division 1 female runners.

When Delaney White, now a Division 1 cross-country and track runner and senior at Portland State University, entered the collegiate running scene, she had already begun to have irregular menstrual periods, she told Insider. She thought it was normal for competitive athletes at her level.

That mentality seems to be pervasive.Cate Barrett, a former Division 1 track athlete, wrote on Instagram that "college programs today are still preaching thinner is fast, and telling women to lose weight, or that low weight and lost periods aren't a problem."

For so long, I thought I was the problem. To me, the silence of others meant that pushing my body past its healthy limits was the only way. But I know we were all scared, and fear keeps us silent. @runmarycain Mary Cain's expos of abuse she suffered while training as a young pro runner is shocking and upsetting. A decorated coach at Nike, Alberto Salazar, pressured her to lose weight to run faster. This is an inexcusable abuse of power. Salazar had nearly every resource available to boost Marys performance, yet chose to emphasize a strategy that risked her health. And it didn't even fucking work. It drove her to slow races, self-harm and quitting the sport. Marys story resonates with the amateur and collegiate running community all too well. We've experienced the same thing. Being shamed for our size. Told that our poor performances were because of weight. And that we were lucky to be here, so we shouldnt complain. That this is part of the sport. I competed for a D1 NCAA track team for all four years of college. While this was a great experience, it did leave me with a disordered view of my body and food. 11 years after I entered the NCCA, I still feel the strain that Im not small enough. I know this is not factual and rational, but my mindset is a work in progress. I do not know any teammates who emerged from the NCAA system unaffected by the pressure to be thinner. It may seem like the entire running community is already woke to this issue, but please listen: IT IS WILD how deep this goes. It is still happening. Girls still need help. College programs today are still preaching thinner is faster, and telling women to lose weight, or that low weight and lost periods arent a problem. College sports are not the only offenders here, but they have to do better. They, along with the whole running world, have the opportunity and obligation to make a positive impact in young peoples lives. I am thankful that Mary Cain and many others have faced their fear and brought their stories to light. This is how we change.

A post shared by Cate Barrett (@beingcate) on Nov 8, 2019 at 12:39pm PSTNov 8, 2019 at 12:39pm PST

And, Andrea Toppin, a former runner at Iowa State, wrote on Twitter that her teammate and boyfriend at the time told her she needed to lose 20 pounds in order to contribute to the team. "All I cared about was the number on the scale and pleasing my boyfriend until I got my first awful stress fracture after 2 muscular injuries and 2 years of not having a period," she wrote.

Research backs up these women's experiences.

While estimates of the ubiquity of RED-S vary widely, but some research has shown women at higher levels of sport may be at greater risk because of the high competitive pressure and specific demands of certain sports, such as running. Research also suggests as many as 54% of female collegiate athletes being unhappy with their weight.

What's more,studies suggest disordered eating is especially common in sports that emphasize aesthetics or leanness, like running and gymnastics, with as many as 69% of female athletes in those types of sports missing their periods.

Eating disorders "have continued to increase for girls ages 15 to 22, which directly overlaps with the peak of adolescence, commonly spent in high school and college sports," professional runner Lauren Fleshman wrote in the New York Times. "Over one-third of N.C.A.A. Division I female athletes exhibit risk factors for anorexia nervosa."

She was one of them, writing that her final year of her collegiate career she restricted her diet to look more like the professional, older runners she hoped to become. "I may have looked the part, but I lost my energy. I lost my period, and injuries set in, derailing the first half of my professional running career."

"Running is an interesting microcosm of our culture," Delaney White told Insider. Flickr/josiahmackenzie

No matter how common, a disrupted menstrual cycle can be a dangerous sign that low calorie intake is messing with the body's hormone levels, which can cause long-term health issues like permanent bone loss and potential fertility problems.

But awareness lags among athletes and professionals alike. A small study found 44% of high-school female athletes reported that they thought losing their period was a normal response to a high level of athletic training, Dr. Aubrey Armento, a sports medicine physician in Colorado, reported on Twitter.

And one 2018 study found that less than half of clinicians, physiotherapists, and coaches could correctly define RED-S.

Women also get cues from the environment that "thin is better," Mary Jane De Souza, a professor of kinesiology and physiology at Penn State who specializes in the syndrome, told Insider. "It's a huge problem," she said. "We need a lot more widespread knowledge to be disseminated that you get to be a great, high-performing female athlete but coaches and other people without dietary expertise don't get to tell you what to weigh."

White's first college team didn't talk about missing periods, body image, eating, and weight. But when she transferred to Portland, she found her new teammates were open about discussing their experiences and checking in with each other.

There, she was told that irregular periods were an important sign that something was going on with her body, and she was encouraged to talk to a female trainer about it. Her performance, and health, immediately improved as a result.

"I was running 74 miles a week, and I didn't realize I needed to be eating more. As soon as I did that, I started getting faster," White said. "It's turned around how I feel about running, my performance is better than ever, and I'm healthier than I've ever been."

As White's experience demonstrates,when caught early, many of the damaging effects of RED-S can be reversed. With enough calories, athletes can begin to recover from energy deficit within days or weeks, according to the most recent guidelines from theFemale and Male Athlete Triad Coalition.

White said having female trainers, and strong female athletes as role models in her life, have made a world of difference. As more women become high-profile coaches, including record-breaking marathon runner Shalane Flanagan, she hopes that more young athletes will have the support, encouragement, and resources they need to pursue elite levels of the sports without risking their mental and physical health.

Ultimately, real progress also means looking at the broader culture that links women's value to their weight, White said.

"Running is a really interesting microcosm of our culture, that you expect women to be strong but if they get above a certain weight, they're no good any more," she said. "Until we change the culture of comparison, our sport isn't going to change."

Read more:

I had the condition that 'broke down' Nike runner Mary Cain's body, and I wasn't even an elite athlete

3 marathoners who are breaking stereotypes about what runners look like

An athlete who spoke out against Nike's running program in 2015 says Mary Cain's allegations could 'change the future of the sport'

The rest is here:
Division 1 female athletes are among those plagued by eating disorders, missing periods, and broken bones - INSIDER

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Recently, a new study that appears in the journal Nature, focuses on stem cell therapy and shows unexpected ways in which it may be helpful in recovering the health of the heart. Stem cell therapy has become popular in the past few years due to its benefits for a big number of health conditions.

Currently, there is major ongoing research on stem cells since they are responsible for the regeneration of new cells and may play a fundamental role in understanding the development of a variety of different diseases as well as their potential treatments.

Some of the recent discoveries of medical science include using stem cells as regenerative medicine as they can be turned into particular types of cells that may be able to replace tissues damaged as a result of health issues and thereby control the disease.

Read also:New Study Reveals Hydromethylthionine Slows Cognitive Decline and Brain Atrophy

The therapy can be specifically useful for people with conditions such as type 1 diabetes, spinal cord injuries, Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease, stroke, cancer, burns, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, heart disease, and osteoarthritis.

At the moment, the most successful procedure that involves stem cell therapy is performing a bone marrow transplant. This surgical operation replaces the cells which have been damaged during chemotherapy by programmed stem cells. People are usually able to maintain and live a normal life after recovery from the surgery.

Furthermore, stem cell usage in clinical trials designed for testing the effectiveness, safety, and potential negative impact of new drugs. To do so, the stem cells can be programmed into becoming the type of cells that the drug aims to target.

The new study, which was led by Jeffery Molkentin who is a professor of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and the director of Molecular Cardiovascular Microbiology a Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center, takes data from a study from the same journal, Nature, from the years 2014 which was conducted by the same medical team.

In the new paper, the team with Molkentin as the principal investigator found some unexpected results. There were two types of stem cells in the clinical trial cardiac progenitor cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells.

The main objective of the new trial was to re-evaluate the results of the 2014 study, which showed that injecting c-kit positive heart stem in the heart does not help in the regeneration of cardiomyocytes, to see how the cell therapy can be made to be effective.

It was instead discovered that injecting an inert chemical called zymosan, which is designed particularly for inducing an innate immune response, or dead stem cells can also be beneficial for the recovery of heart as they may speed up the healing procedure.

Injecting either dead stem cells or zymosan led to a reduction in the development of cellular matrix connective tissue in the areas which had been damaged in the heart. In addition, the mechanical properties of the targeted scar also improved.

Another important finding was that chemical substances such as zymosan are required to be injected directly into the heart for optimum results. In previous clinical trials, direct injections were avoided for safety reasons.

Molkentin and the team state that follow-up studies and trials on this new discovery are imminent as they may be important for developing therapies in the future.

Read more here:
Stem Cell Therapy May Improve Heart Health In New Ways - TheHealthMania

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

This Mesenchymal Stem Cells research study consists of the historical data from and forecasts till 2026. The report is created keeping in mind to make it a valuable source of information for market specialists in readily accessible documents. The documents are curated with clearly presented graphs and figures.

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The global mesenchymal stem cells market size to reach USD 2,518.5 Million by 2026, growing at a CAGR of 7.0% during forecast period, according to a new research report published by Alexa Reports Research. The report Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market, [By Source (Bone Marrow, Umbilical Cord Blood, Peripheral Blood, Lung Tissue, Synovial Tissues, Amniotic Fluids, Adipose Tissues); By Application (Injuries, Drug Discovery, Cardiovascular Infraction, Others); By Region]: Market Size & Forecast, 2018 2026 provides an extensive analysis of present market dynamics and predicted future trends. The market was valued at USD 1,335.1 million in 2017. In 2017, the drug discovery application dominated the market, in terms of revenue. North America region is observed to be the leading contributor in the global market revenue in 2017.

are adult stem cells, which are traditionally found in the bone marrow. However, they can also be parted from other available tissues including peripheral blood, cord blood, fallopian tube. These stem cells mainly function for the replacement of damaged cell and tissues. The potential of these cell is to heal the damaged tissue with no pain to the individual. Scientists are majorly focusing on developing new and innovative treatment options for the various chronic diseases like cancer. Additionally, the local governments have also taken various steps for promoting the use of these stem cells.

The significant aspects that are increasing the development in market for mesenchymal stem cells consist of enhancing need for these stem cells as an efficient therapy option for knee replacement. Raising senior populace throughout the world, as well as increasing frequency of numerous persistent conditions consisting of cancer cells, autoimmune illness, bone and cartilage diseases are elements anticipated to enhance the market development throughout the forecast period. The mesenchymal stem cells market is obtaining favorable assistance by the reliable federal government policies, as well as funding for R&D activities which is anticipated to influence the market growth over coming years. According to the reports released by world health organization (WHO), by 2050 individuals aged over 60 will certainly make up greater than 20% of the globes population. Of that 20%, a traditional quote of 15% is estimated to have symptomatic OA, as well as one-third of these individuals are expected to be influenced by extreme specials needs. Taking into consideration all these aspects, the market for mesenchymal stem cells will certainly witness a substantial development in the future.

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Increasing demand for better healthcare facilities, rising geriatric population across the globe, and continuous research and development activities in this area by the key players is expected to have a positive impact on the growth of Mesenchymal Stem Cells market. North America generated the highest revenue in 2017, and is expected to be the leading region globally during the forecast period. The Asia Pacific market is also expected to witness significant market growth in coming years. Developing healthcare infrastructure among countries such as China, India in this region is observed to be the major factor promoting the growth of this market during the forecast period.

The major key players operating in the industry are Cell Applications, Inc., Cyagen Biosciences Inc. Axol Bioscience Ltd., Cytori Therapeutics Inc., Stem cell technologies Inc., Celprogen, Inc. BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics, Stemedica Cell Technologies, Inc. These companies launch new products and undertake strategic collaboration and partnerships with other companies in this market to expand presence and to meet the increasing needs and requirements of consumers.

Alexa Reports Research has segmented the global mesenchymal stem cells market on the basis of source type, application and region:

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Source Type Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2015 2026)

Bone MarrowUmbilical Cord BloodPeripheral BloodLung TissueSynovial TissuesAmniotic FluidsAdipose Tissues

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Application Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2015 2026)

InjuriesDrug DiscoveryCardiovascular InfractionOthers

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About Us:Alexa Reports is a globally celebrated premium market research service provider, with a strong legacy of empowering business with years of experience. We help our clients by implementing decision support system through progressive statistical surveying, in-depth market analysis, and reliable forecast data. Alexa Reports is a globally celebrated premium market research service provider, with a strong legacy of empowering business with years of experience. We help our clients by implementing decision support system through progressive statistical surveying, in-depth market analysis, and reliable forecast data.

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Systematic analysis and evaluation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Market with share, growth rate, Forecasts to 2026 - WindStreetz

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Emi receives kisses from her adoptive parents, Jason and Katie Ballard, at the NIH Clinical Center as she gets ready to receive a lifesaving hematopoietic stem cell transplant, the only way to cure her fatal immune deficiency, using cells donated by her birth mom.

Emi smiles at The Children's Inn at NIH prior to undergoing a hematopoietic stem cell transplant, the only potential cure for her rare and deadly immune deficiency.

Bethesda, Maryland, Nov. 26, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- One Texas family has lots to be thankful for this Thanksgiving. Their daughter, now 13, is doing well after undergoing a bone marrow transplantthe only chance for a cure for her rare and deadly disease. But Emis story is not only a story about the triumph of medical research that is making her cure possibleits also a story about extraordinary parental love and sacrifices by her birth mom and her adoptive family that are giving this very ill girl the best chance at life. Emi's birth mom donated her stem cells to make the lifesaving transplant possible.

We are most thankful for an answer to years of prayers, Emis adoptive mom says. Emi got a new start at life, a rebirth day. Every holiday this year will be like the first. Were so grateful to the doctors, nurses and The Childrens Inn.

Emi and her family will be celebrating Thanksgiving at The Childrens Inn at NIH, a nonprofit hospitality house that provides free lodging and a wide variety of support services to families of children with rare and serious diseases whose best chance for a treatment is a clinical research study at the National Institutes of Health. Emi and her mom have spent several months at The Childrens Inn so far and bonded with other families. On Thanksgiving Day, families staying at The Childrens Inn who cannot go home for the holiday will be served a traditional Thanksgiving meal prepared by a group of dedicated volunteers.

It took two moms who love this little nugget to fight for her right to life, Emis adoptive mom says. We finally are getting to see that beautiful part of the story that we always knew was there.

Read Emis full story.

See photos of Emi and her family.

About The Childrens Inn at NIH:

The Childrens Inn at NIH provides free lodging and a wide range of supportive services to more than 1,500 children and their families every year whose best chance for a treatment is a clinical trial at the National Institutes of Health. Opened in 1990 and located across from the NIH Clinical Center, the worlds largest hospital dedicated entirely to medical research, The Childrens Inn has welcomed children from all 50 states and 94 countries. Children staying at The Childrens Inn are making important contributions to rare disease and cancer research, including the successful treatment of childhood leukemia, as well as treatments for HIV/AIDS, childhood asthma, bone and growth diseases, childhood onset schizophrenia and other mental health issues, neurofibromatosis type 1 and a wide variety of genetic and rare diseases. For more information, visit http://www.childrensinn.org. To support The Childrens Inn, make a donation at http://www.childrensinn.org/donate.

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The Best Thanksgiving - GlobeNewswire

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Patient advocate and lung cancer survivor Nancy Cohen discusses living with stage 4 lung cancer.

Cohen served as keynote speaker during theCUREPatient-Focused Sessions at theNew York Lung Cancers Symposiumon Nov. 9, addressing a crowd of more than 80 patients with lung cancer, to help show that they can continue to live life as they wish and gather support from within the patient community.

In an interview with CURE, Cohen discussed the journey to becoming a patient advocate and how being involved with support groups gives her strength.

CURE: Can you tell us about your cancer journey?Cohen: My diagnosis was actually a little bit unusual in the sense that the story that many people tell is of a persistent cough or exhaustion or something, and sort of going doctor to doctor and taking a long time to find an answer. Mine was very fast. I felt a pain under my arm for a couple of days, a sharp pain. (I) took some Advil because I didn't know what else to do. Woke up on a Wednesday morning and it hurt to take a breath, which I knew was not a great sign and texted a close friend who's a pulmonologist. His response was, Nancy, you never complain. I'm sending you for a chest X-ray. And from that point, it was literally 48 hours from that text. I had a needle biopsy Thursday morning and results Friday.

I think it was the fact that the pulmonologist is a good friend of mine. I'm pretty sure that he called in every favor he's ever been owed by anyone in any lab to get everything happening that quickly. I think that was sort of why it happened so fast. And then obviously meeting with doctors and PET scans and brain scans and all of those attendant tests. That led to the discovery of the EGFR mutation that I had, and to the staging of the disease, and like so many others, it was not caught early, because there's no screening and I had zero risk factors for the disease. There would have been no reason currently to get screened, although I wish there had been. The disease had already spread to my brain and lymph nodes.

How did you cope with the new normal of having cancer?It took probably a good month or so to settle on a first-line treatment by the time we had all of these tests and everything else, so that month was definitely hectic. And then I was lucky lucky seems like a strange word to use but because I have this mutation, I was able to start on a targeted gene therapy on osimertinib (Tagrisso). It's an oral pill that I take every day and the side effects were really manageable. I would say (finding a new normal) was a gradual process for me and my family.

Did you lean on support groups or professionals to help you after diagnosis?Right from the beginning, I had a friend who had been diagnosed with lung cancer about two years before I had, and she was the one who made sure that I was getting the blood test that led to finding the genetic mutation. My doctor was already planning to do it, but she gave me the questions to ask to make sure that I was getting that. Because unfortunately, in many parts of our country, where you're diagnosed makes a big difference. This genetic profiling is not happening everywhere, and it is so crucial to get the right therapy for the specific mutation of the lung cancer.

When I started the TKI, I experienced side effects that I could go search in this Facebook group and see that I wasn't alone. I think the other thing that really is important is managing the mental health aspect of it. I started working with a therapist who specializes in oncology patients, and I think, we can talk about the stigma of lung cancer and the stigma of mental health and sort of making sure that neither of those is present because I think going through this is hard enough.

How did stigma affect you?When I was diagnosed and telling people other than my parents, literally every person I told the first question was, Did you smoke? I didn't. But really, why should that matter? Many years ago, I had a form of skin cancer. It was melanoma and (I) took it off and I'm fine. But you get melanoma, and no one says to you, Did you sit in the sun? Did you use baby oil? With that sort of a tone of voice that implies that you brought this on yourself.

I (recently) heard a statistic that 60% of patients with lung cancer are nonsmokers. So yes, smoking certainly is a contributing factor to lung cancer, but so are many other things. One of the issues of the stigma is the fact that it has led to, or because of the stigma, lung cancer receives so little funding and so little attention compared to how deadly it is.

How did you become a patient advocate?It took me a while before I was really ready to jump in. Shortly after I was diagnosed, the New York chapter of the American Lung Association sponsored a walk that I participated in and raised a lot of money, so they asked me to speak. That really was my first step into advocacy.

At the time, I was stable in my disease and my youngest child was graduating from high school and I was finishing up a big volunteer position, so it felt like a good time in my life to really jump into the advocacy waters more and do that with more purpose. And the summer had some health challenges in terms of my health and my treatments, so this fall has been really where I feel like I have stepped up.

I feel good now and I want to show people that this is what stage 4 lung cancer can look like. I hear from a lot of people wow because I think they're expecting me to look different than how I do. Being able to use my voice, raise money, raise awareness and be a resource for people who are newly diagnosed is important. I was really lucky to have people who helped me when I was in that position, and I feel lucky to be able to help those who are coming to me.

How can other patients who want to get involved in advocacy get started?There are many great organizations. American Lung Association is certainly one. There are events and walks, and other great opportunities for people to get involved. For example, if you're a part of a Facebook community and put it out there, Hey, I live in Chicago and I'd like to get more involved, is anyone out there?

Sadly, I think there are patients with lung cancer everywhere and opportunity for advocacy everywhere from the microlocal level. Live in a small town and have a small-town paper? There can be an editorial in that paper. And you can advocate to local elected officials at the state level for more funding and awareness.

Read more from the original source:
Patient Turned Advocate Raises Awareness for the Lung Cancer Community - Curetoday.com

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

If any phenomenon has played an unsung role in medical discoveries, it is serendipity. One such chance occurrence has now buoyed the hope of scientists struggling for years to find the holy grail of HIV research a possible cure.

It is heartening to note that worldwide, treatment and management of HIV has improved dramatically over the past two decades and people living with the disease are able to live longer and manage the disease with one pill as opposed to a cocktail of drugs at one point. However, HIV remains a global burden.

Stigma and ostracismcontinue to haunt sufferers, and in poorer countries, especially in Asia and Africa, the epidemic has remained the cruel adversary it always was.

Consider these numbers. According to UNAIDS 2018 figures, there are approximately 38 million people living withthe disease of which 36.2 million are adults and 1.7 million children. In 2018 alone, an estimated 1.7 million individuals were newly infected with the disease and the virus killed around a million people.

But first, the good news

However, there is considerable good news too. The number of Aids-related deaths has seen a huge drop of nearly 50 per cent from 2005 to 2017 worldwide. In India too, there has been a similar decrease with a 56 per cent decrease in deaths from 2010 to 2017. The number of new HIV infections in India also reduced from 1,20,000 to 88,000 in the same period.

This number crunching is important because it not only reveals the extent to which global HIV/Aids awareness campaigns have succeeded but also affirms the greatly improved efficacy of the Anti-Retroviral Treatment (ART).

In fact, so efficient is the treatment now that opinion is divided in the medical community about whether the research ought to focus on finding a cure or if the same money could be better utilised by making ART accessible to more people.

When I treated my first HIV patient way back in 1989, all we talked about was suffering and dying. Today, the atmosphere in my clinic is so positive some of my HIV patients have lived longer than those suffering from other chronic diseases like diabetes and hypertension, says Dr K S Satish, senior consultant pulmonologist at the Fortis Hospitals, Bangalore, who has had 30 years of experience in the field of HIV medicine and has been part of several clinical trials.

No longer a death sentence but...

Having said that, the doctor cautions that though HIV has ceased to be a death sentence as it were, when medications are not taken or when people do not have constant access to the pill, the risk of the virus rapidly taking over the infected body is real and alive.

As Consultant Physician Dr Shylaja Shyamsundar, who has long been treating HIV-infected patients at BGS Gleneagles Global Hospital, Bangalore, says,unlike other viruses, HIV-infected cells can hide and be virtually invisible to the bodys immune system and treatment therapies. Stop the pill and they come out of hiding and begin multiplying in billions. Not only that, they also turn mutant which is why complete compliance to the treatment is critical.

What ART does, explain the doctors, is suppress the multiplying of the virus; in other words, it keeps the devil under checkbut cannot (and does not)eliminate it.

It is precisely because ART cannotkill the virusthat eminent researchers like Prof John Frater of the University of Oxford are advocating for not takingthe hunt for a cure off the HIV agenda.

And with the unexpected discovery of a possible path to a cure, a surcharge of hope has run through the HIV/Aids research community, struggling for years to find a breakthrough.

What happened with the London patient?

Breaking down the complex procedures that led up to this discovery, Dr Satish explains how an infected person in the UK, identified only as the London patient was declared cured a few months earlier this year. This London Patient was diagnosed with HIV in 2003 and in 2012, it was discovered he had advanced Hodgkin lymphoma, the cancer of the immune system.

The only way to treat him was through intense chemotherapy and a bone marrow transplant containing stem cells to rebuild his immune system. Doctors selected a donor with a rare genetic mutation that granted him resistance to HIV and thus the London patients immune system was rebuilt with HIV resistant cells.

A shift in focus

A decade earlier, exactly this procedure had been applied on another patient Timothy Ray Brown and he is today free of HIV. Curiously enough, researchers had failed many times to replicate the procedure on others till they finallyfound success with the London patient. (This is also why they are still to completely understand what exactly workedthis time around.)

Dr Shylaja adds that in March this year, doctors who treated the London patient announced that it has been 18 months since the HIV virus has been undetectable in his body and thus he could be considered cured.

In fact, withthis unexpected success, the focus of the research has shifted subtly to these aforementioned hiding cells.Technically known as latently-infected cells, these are the ones researchers are now looking to destroy to findthe all-elusive cure.While some researchers are using the shock and kill approach wherein they are trying to bring these hiding cells out in the open so that they can be eliminated, others are looking for ways to destroy them while they are in hiding itself.

Gene therapy to the rescue?

The exciting part is of course how they are planning to conduct this guerilla warfare through gene therapy and gene editing the sexiest areas of medical research today.

Evidently, as far as a cure for HIV/Aids is concerned, it is hope that ought to be garnished with a dose of realism. As some researchers put it, with the new successes, they have traversed a journey from mere aspiration to solid feasibility. And that itself has beena long and hard road.

See original here:
Are we any closer to a cure? - Deccan Herald

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Inside a small dance studio on the third floor of a little building tucked next to the Coates Theatre at University of Incarnate Word, about 15 dancers huddled together Saturday afternoon after Thanksgiving for an advanced workshop led by Eliotte Woodford.

The girls could already pirouette like professionals. Their graceful yet strong jumps looked like they would break through the mirror in front of them.

But Woodford, 31, urged them to go bigger.

Imagine youre on a big stage, super big, like a stadium and 100,000 people are watching you, Woodford said. Imagine theyre in the last seat in the stadium. Youre this big to them, she said while squeezing her fingers together as if she picked up an ant.

The San Antonio native knows from experience how to perform for that fan in the nosebleed section of the worlds biggest stadiums. Eliotte Nicole, as she goes by in the entertainment world, has performed before 100,000 people in sold out concerts all over the world.

Woodfords rsum includes a long list of stars she has performed with including Cher, Pitbull and Meghan Trainor. But most notably, Woodford has sang and danced backup to super star Taylor Swift for the singers last three world stadium tours: Red, 1989 and Reputation. Woodford is currently promoting Swifts latest album, Lover, and performed with Swift on the American Music Awards stage in Los Angeles last Sunday, where Swift was awarded Artist of the Decade.

But before all of that, Woodford sang and danced at San Antonios Reagan High School, in the North East Independent School District, from where she graduated in 2006.

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You know technically you danced for me first, Woodfords longtime friend, Amanda Jeffries sometimes tells Woodford, who gets a kick out of it. Its true, Woodford says. She was in Jeffries performance at the high schools annual, much anticipated Pop Show.

Woodford got the singing gene from her mother, Juli Henderson, who owns and operates her own private voice studio, JH Voice Studio. But her venture into dancing was a fluke, Henderson said.

Woodford was a tomboy and an athlete while was attending Bush Middle School and dreamed of swimming in the Olympics. But an injury sidelined her, and people around her suggested she take up dancing as movement therapy. She at first rejected the notion of a girly girl activity, but later decided to give it a try. It was the beginning of what would be a years-long conversation about the direction of her life.

In high school, she participated in Charmers Pep Squad, Silver Stars Drill and the Diamond Dancers teams. She also sang in the choir and twice made the coveted Texas All-State Choir. It was with the choir that she first traveled to New York and attended Broadway shows that left a mark on her.

I was just like Holy moly this is awesome just seeing the magic of New York, Woodford said.

All the while, she was taking advanced-placement classes and was inducted to the National Honor Society.

Her choir teacher, Jo Scurlock-Dillard, was amazed by Woodfords concentration. In faculty group meetings, Woodfords teachers would marvel at how much Woodford exceeded in.

I would go to her counselor and say, I dont think she ever sleeps, Scurlock-Dillard recalled.

Though she was talented in performing arts, Scurlock-Dillard thought Woodford would go on to become a doctor, like her father.

Woodford did, too. She went to Washington University in St. Louis because it is known as a good school for pre-medicine students. She started studying dance and biology, but she had a nagging feeling that a medical career was not what she was supposed to do with her life. She changed her majors to dance and marketing, with it in the back of her mind that she might go into the entertainment business. She recorded and toured with an a capella ensemble and danced for a professional dance company.

I was slowly falling in love with this idea of performing. I dont think I was really able to admit it for real until I was maybe in college, in my freshman or sophomore year, Woodford said.

Her dream of performing was solidified the summer before her junior year in college when she interned at the Broadway Dance Center in New York. She said she went hoping to discover how she stacked up against top tier performers. She finished the summer signed with an agent.

I was like, Ok, were going to do this, Woodford said. She graduated with her bachelors degree in 2010 and persuaded her parents to let her go to L.A. in pursuit of a different career.

On ExpressNews.com: Reagan marching band, dancers stop by 'Today Show' while in NYC for Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade

There, she worked the early morning shift at a Starbucks which allowed her to go to auditions in the afternoons and work as a bartender in the evenings until she regularly booked performing gigs.

Back in the San Antonio studio Saturday, Woodford told the girls to pretend a camera was inches from their face.

This is what I want to see. I want to see your personality. Its your own show, she said.

Your personality is what will set you apart from the hundreds of other girls in the audition room who have the same skill set, Woodford told her students. Casting directors will observe how they engage one another before they ever begin to perform, she said.

Watching her daughter never gets old, said Henderson who stood against a side wall in the studio. Woodfords parents have traveled the world following their daughter, like groupies, Henderson said with a laugh.

The first time Woodford returned home for a performance was in 2013 during Swifts Red tour. Coincidentally, it was the last of Swifts tours to travel to San Antonio.

The show coincided with the San Antonio Spurs playoff run against the Miami Heat. Still a devout Spurs fan, Woodford paraded the stage wearing a Tim Duncan jersey over her costume for the final bow.

No matter where Woodford goes, shes a San Antonian at heart. A Lyft driver recently shared that his daughter was contemplating a move to San Antonio.

Its the best city, Woodford recalled telling him.

It is where Woodford married her husband, Ryan Woodford. Swift flew in to attend the wedding at Trinity Universitys Parker Chapel and the reception at the Pearl Stable. It was a no-brainer, Woodford said, to marry in her hometown.

And she always tries to give back to her community. Last year, during Swifts Reputation tour, Woodford took a detour between concerts in Houston and Arlington to visit her alma mater and talk to students at Reagan High School. Her message that lessons learned in dance and choir are true across career paths inspired students, said Jeffries, who is now an assistant choir director there.

The workshop on Saturday benefited the San Antonio Ballet School and Youth Ballets outreach program that teaches kids in South San Antonio and San Antonio independent school districts.

Woodford credits San Antonio in part for her success. Southern hospitality that Texas is known for influenced her personality and her motto: Work hard and be kind.

If you work hard and just be nice to people, youll be OK, she said. Youll make it.

Krista Torralva covers several school districts and public universities in the San Antonio and Bexar County area. Read her on our free site, mySA.com, and on our subscriber site, ExpressNews.com. | Krista.Torralva@express-news.net | Twitter: @KMTorralva

Go here to read the rest:
San Antonio woman, a singer and dancer with Taylor Swift, gives back to communitys performing arts - San Antonio Express-News

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

When I was a little girl, I had high-flying dreams and they had very little to do with my juvenile arthritis, a childhood illness similar to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). First, I wanted to be a ballerina and practiced dance moves on my parents' Persian rug. Then I watched Jacques Cousteau and his crew of marine biologists diving in waters all over the world and scuttled the dancing dream in favor of serving on his ship, the Calypso, and spending much of my life under water. But at age 16, I went home after a two-year hospital stay in a power wheelchair, trailing recommendations from my then-medical team to lower my expectations of life to those resembling a turnip's. Because of the disease, y'know.

It would be easy to dismiss this as a function of attitudes in a land and time far away from now. But these perceptions persist, if not in others, then certainly in ourselves. Its a strange thing, this shift in assumption and expectation. The minute you get a diagnosis of chronic illness, its as if the rug is pulled out from under you. Your future, which had just shone with possibility, now seems dull, hopeless, and framed in less-than.

Do you really have to give it all up and accept a life of sitting on the sidelines? No. Not by a long shot. The key is to adapt and change your approach. But more on that in a bit. First, lets take a look at the obstacles.

I've lived with RA for more than half a century and have learned that the only predictable thing about this condition is that you never know what it'll do next. Sometimes, you're lucky and find a medication that works, suppressing the symptoms so you can get back to your life. At other times, its all you can do to get dressed in the morning. And, of course, all the stages in between.

Fifty years ago, an American psychologist by the name of Martin Seligman did a study that led to a classic theory of depression. He divided dogs into two groups. Both would receive shocks, but one group of dogs would be able to escape, the other not. The dogs that had no control over the situation curled up in a ball, whimpering. Seligman developed a theory called learned helplessness, stating that when people have no agency (that is, no control), they are more likely to develop depression.

When you have no ability to predict how your RA will feel in the morningand therefore what you will be able to doyou can feel helpless. If youre feeling that kind of helplessness for weeks or months, it spreads into other areas of your life, making you feel depressed. It may even be accompanied by its bratty cousin, "Feel Like Giving Up." And that's OK. Because RA affects every part of your life and it's hard to re-learn how to be you. There's nothing wrong with having a moment (or 10) of intense frustration. But what's really important is to make sure it doesn't stick around.

So much of living with RA is about kicking that cousin out of your psyche. Again, your doctor can help, as can therapy, family and friends, and a community of others like you. Having support will help you fight back and find other ways of taking up the reins of your life.

The great thing about life is that there is no one way to do anything. Whether it's opening a jar, having a family, or building your own business, there are ways around that big boulder called RA in the middle of your path. These tips can help:

Talk to your doctor. Your rheumatologist is one of the most important members on your team. If your RA is getting in the way of you creating a life, call them. You might need to adjust your treatment so you can start the journey back to living first, with RA just muttering in the background. Many people also include diet, exercise, supplements, and alternative treatments in how they approach living with RA.

Give yourself extra time to achieve your goals. Maybe your RA diagnosis won't require a complete change in direction for your life. You might be able to stay on your current career path or even keep training for that big race you've been wanting to tackle, but it's probably going to take a little extra time to get there. Getting the right treatment working for you can take time, and flares don't respect your "to-do" list.

Don't expect to follow "normal" timelines when it comes to working toward big goalsRA is bound to get in the way. When it comes to dreams, pursuing them is what matters, not how you go about it. You are free to create your own path, one that respects and accommodates your RA. For instance, I used to work as a policy analyst, frequently working from home four days a week on research and writing tasks. This enabled me to work much more effectively, with fewer sick days.

When RA brings physical limitations, use your mental muscle instead. I will forever be grateful to my parents for the way they dealt with the lost teenager who came home from the hospital. They told me that although my body might not work very well, there was nothing wrong with my mind and they expected me to use it. This meant working hard in school so I could get to college. By then, I had realized the importance of focusing on what I was able to do (and not just because I couldn't swim, so working with Cousteau was a wash).

Finding alternate routes to getting where I wanted to go eventually became a bit of a hobby and by now, I can almost always find a way around an obstacle. Remember that although your condition might get in the way of you becoming a trapeze artist, you can absolutely find another way to be in the circus.

Go easy on yourself, but not too easy. Frustration about struggling with RA might get misdirected toward yourself. Try not to be angry at yourself or your body. It'll get you nowhere, except derailed, and it isnt something you would tolerate for anyone else. Be kind and understanding to yourself.

Human beings have a gift of adaptation, being able to live in almost any climate, under any conditions, and changing their approach to survive. Use that gift to create your life. Yes, with RA, but a life in which you tear down limits of low expectations.

Following your dreams is a process, sometimes a long one, with side tracks and pauses, and often infuriatingly so. But persevering, accommodating your own needs to move slower, to take pauses, but then reassessing and getting back to your path is possible. The only way to live with RA is to become as stubborn as a goat and refuse to stay down. You learn to withstand long periods of having to put your dream (and your life) on hold while you deal with your condition and its nonsense. During those times of flares and pain, you hone a single-minded focus by getting through each day. When it is over, when you are better and get your life back, you use that focus to pick up your dream and work on it some more.

After many years of attending university, with many challenges, I graduated with my masters degree in social work. After immigrating to Canada from Denmark, and with the offer of a government job in human rights, I thought of those doctors who'd had zero expectations of the girl with a chronic illness and disability. In that moment, I wanted very much to write them a letter, telling them how their assumptions of my inability had had the exact opposite effect: They had only spurred me on.

In my family, that's called the "Show the Bastards" gene. I'll bet you have one, too.

Go here to read the rest:
Rheumatoid Arthritis Will Change Your Life. It Doesn't Have to Ruin It. - HealthCentral.com

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

A thousand seemingly insignificant things change as an organism ages. Beyond the obvious signs like graying hair and memory problems are myriad shifts both subtler andmore consequential: Metabolic processes run less smoothly; neurons respond less swiftly; the replication of DNA grows faultier.

But while bodies mayseem to just gradually wear out, many researchers believe instead that aging is controlled at the cellular and biochemical level. They find evidence for this in the throngof biological mechanisms that are linked to aging but also conserved across species as distantly related as roundworms and humans. Whole subfields of research have grown up around biologists attempts to understand the relationships among the core genes involved in aging, which seem to connect highly disparate biological functions, like metabolism and perception. If scientists can pinpoint which of the changes in these processes induce aging, rather than result from it, it may be possible to intervene and extend the human life span.

So far, research has suggested that severely limiting calorie intake can have a beneficial effect, as can manipulating certain genes in laboratory animals. But recently in Nature, Bruce Yankner, a professor of genetics and neurology at Harvard Medical School, and his colleagues reported on a previously overlooked controller of life span: the activity level of neurons in the brain. In a series of experiments on roundworms, mice and human brain tissue, they found that a protein called REST, which controls the expression of many genes related to neural firing, also controls life span. They also showed that boosting the levels of the equivalent of REST in worms lengthens their lives by making their neurons fire more quietly and with more control. How exactly overexcitation of neurons might shorten life span remains to be seen, but the effect is real and its discovery suggests new avenues for understanding the aging process.

In the early days of the molecular study of aging, many people were skeptical that it was even worth looking into. Cynthia Kenyon, a pioneering researcher in this area at the University of California, San Francisco, has described attitudes in the late 1980s: The ageing field at the time was considered a backwater by many molecular biologists, and the students were not interested, or were even repelled by the idea. Many of my faculty colleagues felt the same way. One told me that I would fall off the edge of the Earth if I studied ageing.

That was because many scientists thought that aging (more specifically, growing old) must be a fairly boring, passive process at the molecular level nothing more than the natural result of things wearing out. Evolutionary biologists argued that aging could not be regulated by any complex or evolved mechanism because it occurs after the age of reproduction, when natural selection no longer has a chance to act. However, Kenyon and a handful of colleagues thought that if the processes involved in aging were connected to processes that acted earlier in an organisms lifetime, the real story might be more interesting than people realized. Through careful, often poorly funded work on Caenorhabditis elegans, the laboratory roundworm, they laid the groundwork for what is now a bustling field.

A key early finding was that the inactivation of a gene called daf-2 was fundamental to extending the life span of the worms. daf-2 mutants were the most amazing things I had ever seen. They were active and healthy and they lived more than twice as long as normal, Kenyon wrote in a reflection on these experiments. It seemed magical but also a little creepy: they should have been dead, but there they were, moving around.

This gene and a second one called daf-16 are both involved in producing these effects in worms. And as scientists came to understand the genes activities, it became increasingly clear that aging is not separate from the processes that control an organisms development before the age of sexual maturity; it makes use of the same biochemical machinery. These genes are important in early life, helping the worms to resist stressful conditions during their youth. As the worms age, modulation of daf-2 and daf-16 then influences their health and longevity.

These startling results helped draw attention to the field, and over the next two decades many other discoveries illuminated a mysterious network of signal transduction pathways where one protein binds another protein, which activates another, which switches off another and so on that, if disturbed, can fundamentally alter life span. By 1997, researchers had discovered that in worms daf-2 is part of a family of receptors that send signals triggered by insulin, the hormone that controls blood sugar, and the structurally similar hormone IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; daf-16 was farther down that same chain. Tracing the equivalent pathway in mammals, scientists found that it led to a protein called FoxO, which binds to the DNA in the nucleus, turning a shadowy army of genes on and off.

That it all comes down to the regulation of genes is perhaps not surprising, but it suggests that the processes that control aging and life span are vastly complex, acting on many systems at once in ways that may be hard to pick apart. But sometimes, its possible to shine a little light on whats happening, as in the Yankner groups new paper.

Figuring out which genes are turned on and off in aging brains has long been one of Yankners interests. About 15 years ago, in a paper published in Nature, he and his colleagues looked at gene expression data from donated human brains to see how it changes over a lifetime. Some years later, they realized that many of the changes theyd seen were caused by a protein called REST. REST, which turns genes off, was mainly known for its role in the development of the fetal brain: It represses neuronal genes until the young brain is ready for them to be expressed.

But thats not the only time its active. We discovered in 2014 that [the REST gene] is actually reactivated in the aging brain, Yankner said.

To understand how the REST protein does its job, imagine that the network of neurons in the brain is engaged in something like the party game Telephone. Each neuron is covered with proteins and molecular channels that enable it to fire and pass messages. When one neuron fires, it releases a flood of neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit the firing of the next neuron down the line. REST inhibits the production of some of the proteins and channels involved in this process, reining in the excitation.

In their new study, Yankner and his colleagues report that the brains of long-lived humans have unusually low levels of proteins involved in excitation, at least in comparison with the brains of people who died much younger. This finding suggests that the exceptionally old people probably had less neural firing. To investigate this association in more detail, Yankners team turned to C. elegans. They compared neural activity in the splendidly long-lived daf-2 mutants with that of normal worms and saw that firing levels in the daf-2 animals were indeed very different.

They were almost silent. They had very low neural activity compared to normal worms, Yankner said, noting that neural activity usually increases with age in worms. This was very interesting, and sort of parallels the gene expression pattern we saw in the extremely old humans.

When the researchers gave normal roundworms drugs that suppressed excitation, it extended their life spans. Genetic manipulation that suppressed inhibition the process that keeps neurons from firing did the reverse. Several other experiments using different methods confirmed their results. The firing itself was somehow controlling life span and in this case, less firing meant more longevity.

Because REST was plentiful in the brains of long-lived people, the researchers wondered if lab animals without REST would have more neural firing and shorter lives. Sure enough, they found that the brains of elderly mice in which the Rest gene had been knocked out were a mess of overexcited neurons, with a tendency toward bursts of activity resembling seizures. Worms with boosted levels of their version of REST (proteins named SPR-3 and SPR-4) had more controlled neural activity and lived longer. But daf-2 mutant worms deprived of REST were stripped of their longevity.

It suggests that there is a conserved mechanism from worms to [humans], Yankner said. You have this master transcription factor that keeps the brain at what we call a homeostatic or equilibrium level it doesnt let it get too excitable and that prolongs life span. When that gets out of whack, its deleterious physiologically.

Whats more, Yankner and his colleagues found that in worms the life extension effect depended on a very familiar bit of DNA: daf-16. This meant that RESTs trail had led the researchers back to that highly important aging pathway, as well as the insulin/IGF-1 system. That really puts the REST transcription factor somehow squarely into this insulin signaling cascade, said Thomas Flatt, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Fribourg who studies aging and the immune system. REST appears to be yet another way of feeding the basic molecular activities of the body into the metabolic pathway.

Neural activity has been implicated in life span before, notes Joy Alcedo, a molecular geneticist at Wayne State University who studies the connections between sensory neurons, aging and developmental processes. Previous studies have found that manipulating the activity of even single neurons in C. elegans can extend or shorten life span. Its not yet clear why, but one possibility is that the way the worms respond biochemically to their environment may somehow trip a switch in their hormonal signaling that affects how long they live.

The new study, however, suggests something broader: that overactivity in general is unhealthy. Neuronal overactivity may not feel like anything in particular from the viewpoint of the worm, mouse or human, unless it gets bad enough to provoke seizures. But perhaps over time it may damage neurons.

The new work also ties into the idea that aging may fundamentally involve a loss of biological stability, Flatt said. A lot of things in aging and life span somehow have to do with homeostasis. Things are being maintained in a proper balance, if you will. Theres a growing consensus in aging research that what we perceive as the body slowing down may in fact be a failure to preserve various equilibria. Flatt has found that aging flies show higher levels of immune-related molecules, and that this rise contributes to their deaths. Keeping the levels in check, closer to what they might have been when the flies were younger, extends their lives.

The results may help explain the observation that some drugs used for epilepsy extend life span in lab animals, said Nektarios Tavernarakis, a molecular biologist at the University of Crete who wrote a commentary that accompanied Yankners recent paper. If overexcitation shortens life span, then medicines that systematically reduce excitation could have the opposite effect. This new study provides a mechanism, he said.

In 2014, Yankners laboratory also reported that patients with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimers have lower levels of REST. The early stages of Alzheimers, Yankner notes, involve an increase in neural firing in the hippocampus, a part of the brain that deals with memory. He and his colleagues wonder whether the lack of REST contributes to the development of these diseases; they are now searching for potential drugs that boost REST levels to test in lab organisms and eventually patients.

In the meantime, however, its not clear that people can do anything to put the new findings about REST to work in extending their longevity. According to Yankner, REST levels in the brain havent been tied to any particular moods or states of intellectual activity. It would be a misconception, he explained by email, to correlate amount of thinking with life span. And while he notes that there is evidence that meditation and yoga can have a variety of beneficial effects for mental and physical health, no studies show that they have any bearing on REST levels.

Why exactly do overexcited neurons lead to death? Thats still a mystery. The answer probably lies somewhere downstream of the DAF-16 protein and FoxO, in the genes they turn on and off. They may be increasing the organisms ability to deal with stress, reworking its energy production to be more efficient, shifting its metabolism into another gear, or performing any number of other changes that together add up a sturdier and longer-lived organism. It is intriguing that something as transient as the activity state of a neural circuit could have such a major physiological influence on something as protean as life span, Yankner said.

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Longevity Linked to Proteins That Calm Overexcited Neurons - Quanta Magazine

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

TMRR, in its newly published market study, elaborates on the numerous factors that are expected to shape the growth of the Shelf Life Extension Ingredients market in the upcoming years. The presented business intelligence report aims to provide readers a thorough understanding of the latest developments and innovations that have taken place in the Shelf Life Extension Ingredients market space in recent years. The micro and macro-economic factors that are likely to define the course of the Shelf Life Extension Ingredients market in the upcoming years are analyzed in detail.

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Read more here:
Shelf Life Extension Ingredients market evenly poised to reach a market value of ~US$ by 2017 2025 - Space Market Research

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Increasingly, the unprecedented levels of food waste in the developed world, at a time when close to one billion of the worlds population faces starvation, is seen as an international scandal.

At the same time, people are becoming more aware of the enduring damage inflicted upon the planet by the disposal of 20th century packaging materials.

Tackling these problems at source will require massive changes, all under circular economy principles.

However, such actions are hugely disruptive to well-established industries and often come at significant extra cost - ultimately to the consumer.

One measure which can be taken quickly - and often at comparatively low cost - is to extend the shelf life of food and drink.

When it comes to shelf life extension, one area currently under investigation is the use of packaging materials which have been enhanced to reduce microbiological growth. Also known as active packaging, the packaging material is treated directly, and/or the food products are coated with antimicrobial agents.

These antimicrobial agents can be essential oils such as oregano, clove or orange, or organic acids such as acetic acid or natural polymers, for example chitosan, which are derived from shellfish and insects.

Initial research conducted on active packaging and its ability to control microbiological growth has been promising, with a variety of materials assessed. However, further analytical work is required to understand the full scope of antimicrobial efficacy against a variety of microorganisms, as well as how temperature abuse might affect the proposed packaging and coatings. Additionally, the packaging materials themselves must be thoroughly assessed to understand potential chemical and physical hazards.

As it shifts from traditional plastic packaging to novel active packaging and coatings, the food industry should therefore work closely with scientific safety analysis (as well as with sensory panel testing) to understand the potential hazards.

Otherwise, the benefits of longer shelf life could come at the cost of serious unintended consequences for human health.

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Antimicrobial packaging can extend shelf life and prevent food waste - but more analysis is needed - The Grocer

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Brazil

Brazils National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP) has awarded 12 offshore blocks to various consortia under the countrys 16th bid round. The applications drew signature bonuses totalling $2.2 billion. Operatorships in the Campos basin went to Chevron, ExxonMobil, Petrobras, Petronas, Repsol, Shell and Total, while BP Energy will operate block S-M-1500 in the Santos basin. Contracts should be signed and ratified by Feb. 14, 2020.

Petrobras has asked two Far East contractors to provide FPSOs for the Marlim cluster revitalization project in the Campos basin. MODEC will supply, charter and operate one of the floaters, which will have an 80,000 b/d crude and 7 MMcf/d gas processing capacity, with SOFEC responsible for the spread mooring system. Yinson will supply the FPSO Marlim 2, designed to process 70,000 b/d of oil and 4 MMcm/d of gas. The Marlim field is 150 km (93 mi) from the northern Rio de Janeiro State coast in 670 m (2,198 ft) water depth.

Shell has contracted Maersk Supply Service to undertake a mooring system life extension program for the FPSO Fluminense, which has operated on the Bijupira and Salema oilfields in the Campos basin since 2003. The subsea support vessel Maersk Achiever will manage the offshore campaign which is due to start in December, and includes heading control of the FPSO and replacement of mooring lines.

BP has confirmed a southern extension to the Yakaar gas field in Senegals Cayar Offshore Profond block. The appraisal well, drilled by the Valaris DS-12 drillship 9 km (5.6 mi) from the Yakaar-1 discovery well, delivered 30 m (98.4 ft) of net pay from the Cenomanian interval. According to partner Kosmos Energy, the result suggests the overall Yakaar-Teranga gas resource could support a phased LNG development project.

Australian independent FAR has increased its operated stake in blocks A2 and A5 offshore the Republic of Gambia to 50%, the remainder held by Petronas. The partners have also agreed on extensions to the licenses, the terms including a commitment well in the first two years on either block. They will use results from a new 3D seismic survey over the concessions to delineate prospects.

BW Offshore has proven more oil in the Dussafu license offshore Gabon. The DHIBM-1 well and subsequent side track on the Hibiscus Updi prospect - both drilled by the jackup Borr Norve in 116 m (380 ft) of water - intersected 47 m (154 ft) of net pay in the Gamba formation. BW estimates recoverable volumes at up to 50 MMbbl.

ION Geophysical has been acquiring a new 2D multi-client seismic survey over the barely explored Namibe basin off southern Angola. The NamibeSPAN data-set will integrate various ION BasinSPAN programs to form a continuous regional exploration overview spanning over 65,000 km (40,389 mi) along the coast. Results should be available for Angolas new licensing round.

The hull of the FPSO Energean Power was floated out recently from the Cosco shipyard dock in Zhoushan, China. The vessel will serve Energeans deepwater Karish/Tanin gas field development offshore Israel. Following further construction work, the hull was due to sail before year-end to Sembcorp Marines Admiralty Yard in Singapore for integration of the topsides.

Noble Energy and its partners in the nearby Leviathan and Tamar gas fields have extended their firm gas supply commitments to Delphinus Holdings by five years to 15-year terms, with total combined contracted quantities now above 3 tcf. In addition, the partners have been negotiating to participate in the regional East Mediterranean Gas pipeline project.

BP has awarded a consortium of Subsea 7 and Bos Shelf a wide-ranging work program for the Azeri Central East (ACE) project offshore Azerbaijan. It includes engineering and fabrication of subsea structures and spools, launching of a 16,200-metric ton (17,857-ton) jacket, and floatover of an 18,500-metric ton (20,393-ton) topsides. Water depth at the offshore site is 140 m (459 ft). ACE is the latest-phase development of the Azeri-Chirag-Deepwater Gunashli oilfield complex.

Shell has pulled out of the proposed development of the Khazar project in the Kazakh sector, and the Kashagan consortium (including CNPC, Eni, ExxonMobil, and Total) has also decided against pursuing the Kalamkas More project. According to consultant Wood Mackenzie, the potentially large oil volumes appear to have been offset by the marginal economics of the two projects, due to a combination of complex geology and logistics and the ultra-shallow water setting.

ADNOC and Abu Dhabis government have awarded Lukoil a 5% stake in the UAEs offshore Ghasha gas concession, which includes the ultra-sour Hail, Ghasha and Dalma fields. The other partners are Eni, OMV, and Wintershall Dea. The planned Ghasha mega-project is designed to produce over 1.5 bcf/d of gas for domestic power generation and more than 120,000 b/d of oil and condensates.

Qatar Petroleum (QP) has assumed control of the Idd El-Shargi North Dome and South Dome oilfields offshore Qatar following the expiry of production-sharing agreements with former operator Occidental Petroleum. QP has also issued tenders for EPC packages covering new storage, loading and distribution facilities in Ras Laffan Industrial City to manage increased liquids volumes from Qatars offshore North Field Expansion project.

Irans Petropars is set to start work next year on the South Pars 11 gas development in the Persian Gulf. The company has taken charge of the project after Total, the originally designated operator, withdrew following the US decision to re-impose sanctions on Iran.

Total has completed its acquisition of Anadarkos 26.5% operated stake in the Mozambique LNG project for $3.9 billion. This was part of a package of four interests held by Anadarko across Africa when it was acquired earlier this year by Occidental. The two-train onshore project will have an annual liquefaction capacity of 12.9 MM metric tons (14.2 MM tons), supplied by 18 tcf of gas from the deepwater Golfinho and Atum fields in Offshore Area 1 in the Rovuma basin. Total anticipates start-up by 2024.

Proposed development of the Barossa field offshore northern Australia.(Courtesy ConocoPhillips)

Santos is buying ConocoPhillips northern Australia business for $1.39 billion, with a further $75 million payable based on FID for the Barossa field, 300 km (186 mi) north of Darwin. The transaction brings Santos operated interests in the offshore Barossa, Bayu-Undan and Poseidon fields and the 3.7MMt/yr-capacity Darwin LNG plant.

The plan for Barossa calls for subsea wells tied back to an FPSO for gas processing and condensate export, with the gas transported through a new 260-km (161-mi) pipeline, to be installed by Allseas, and tied into the existing Bayu-Darwin pipeline 100 km (62 mi) northwest of Darwin. Santos estimates capex to first gas in 2024 at $4.7 billion, with associated upgrades at Darwin LNG extending the facilitys lifespan by over two decades.

Read more from the original source:
Global E&P - Offshore Oil and Gas Magazine

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Traditional gene therapy has seen numerous challenges during its decades of development, but scientists seem to have finally figured out how to get the treatment to work with regulatory approvals forNovartis' (NYSE:NVS) Zolgensma and bluebird bio's (NASDAQ:BLUE) Zynteglo this year. The process involves inserting genes into diseased cells to express missing or mutated proteins.

Storming onto the scene over the past few years, CRISPR/Cas9, championed by CRISPR Therapeutics (NASDAQ:CRSP), Editas Medicine (NASDAQ:EDIT) and Intellia Therapeutics (NASDAQ:NTLA), offered hope for more precise gene editing. At the very least, the process can insert the gene into a precise location in the genome. More impressive -- and something that traditional gene therapy can't readily do -- CRISPR/Cas9 offers the possibility of deleting problematic genes or making specific changes to mutated genes to restore their functions.

Image source: Getty Images.

CRISPR/Cas9 appeared to be working well in preclinical models, and last week, investors got a first look at how the therapy is working in humans with CRISPR Therapeutics and its development Vertex Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ:VRTX) announcing results for the first two patients treated with CTX001.

One patient with a blood disorder called transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia (TDT) required 16.5 transfusions per year over the two years before being treated with CTX001, but nine months after treatment, the patient was transfusion independent with high expression of fetal hemoglobin, the gene inserted into the patients' cells.

The other patient had sickle cell disease (SCD) with an average of seven vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) per year over the two years before the study started. Four months after being treated with CTX001, the patient was free of VOCs, which are caused by sickle-shaped red blood cells that block blood vessels. Like the beta thalassemia patient, the SCD patient had expression of fetal hemoglobin.

The results from the first two patients look comparable to Bluebird's Zynteglo, which also treats TDT and SCD by increasing hemoglobin levels. But this was data from just two patients, and investors should still have plenty of questions as we get additional data:

Consistency: One patient in each disease doesn't say much about how well the treatment works in the average patient. What will the efficacy look like after the treatment of a few dozen patients?

Durability: Gene editing and gene therapy are designed to be cures. Do both last forever?

Manufacturing: Bluebird had to adjust its manufacturing procedure to increase expression to treat patients requiring higher expression. Will the initial CRISPR/Cas9 manufacturing procedure work for all patients?

In vivo/ex vivo: That's Latin for in or outside of a living thing -- in this case a human being. CTX001 and Zynteglo are ex vivo treatments because cells are taken from the patient, manipulated to express the gene of interest, and put back into the patient. Novartis has shown that gene therapy can work in vivo with Zolgensma delivered via an injection of a viral vector. Can CRISPR/Cas9 work in vivo in humans? Editas Medicine hopes so, but the company still hasn't advanced a treatment into the clinic.

Last week's data release offers plenty of hope for investors in CRISPR/Cas9 and traditional gene therapy companies should certainly be looking in the rearview mirror at the technology coming up from behind, but it's still way too early to pick a winner between traditional gene therapy and CRISPR/Cas9.

The right answer for investors in biotech companies might end up being to buy both. The upside potential for curing diseases may end up outweighing the downside if one technology doesn't end up working out.

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CRISPR vs. Gene Therapy Round 1: What Investors Need to Know - The Motley Fool

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

CRISPR is a tool used by researchers to precisely edit genes and has shown potential for treating genetic diseases. This article delves into some recent developments and explores what the future holds for CRISPR.

CRISPR genome editing is a promising field that enables researchers to precisely delete, replace or edit genes.

CRISPR-Cas is a prokaryotic defence system whereby bacteria use RNA molecules and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins to target and destroy the DNA of invading viruses. This molecular machinery has been repurposed by researchers to target and edit specific sections of any DNA, whether bacterial or human.

Despite the success of CRISPR, the technique is far from refined. In certain situations, the editing process can result in off-target DNA being changed, causing unwanted effects. Also, CRISPR-Cas9 is a large molecular complex, with both the Cas9 nuclease and an engineered single-guide RNA (sgRNA) that helps the nuclease locate its target. This can make its delivery into the nucleus of the cell, where CRISPR needs to access DNA, difficult.

Consequently, many researchers have sought improvements to CRISPR with the gene editing method expected to continue development well into the future.

Here, three researcher groups who have contributed to recent CRISPR developments explain their work and predict how CRISPR may evolve.

In an attempt to multiplex CRISPR systems to target lots of genes, researchers at ETH Zurich in Switzerland swapped the Cas9 enzyme for Cas12a. Using this plasmid allowed the researchers to simultaneously edit genes in 25 target sites. The team predicts that dozens or even hundreds more sites could be modified using this method.

Genes and proteins in cells interact in many different ways. Each dot represents a gene; the lines are their interactions. For the first time, the new method uses biotechnology to influence entire gene networks in one single step (credit: ETH Zurich/Carlo Cosimo Campa).

Cas12a enabled the researchers to attach shorter sgRNA address molecules than when using Cas9. The shorter length molecules mean that more can fit onto the plasmid, which is a circular DNA molecule that acts as the blueprint of the Cas enzyme, thus enabling CRISPR to edit many genes in a short space of time.

Professor Randall Platt, who led the research, explained that his teams technique is conditional, inducible and orthogonal.

This development offers an improvement on traditional CRISPR technology, which only enables one gene to be edited at a time. This technique therefore speeds the process up, allowing CRISPR to edit many genes simultaneously. It also means that the expression of some genes can upregulated while others can be downregulated.

Platt says that their technique is drastically better, at targeting multiple genes and it afforded the researchers sophisticated control over cellular genomes and transcriptomes.

Another development for CRISPR technologies came from researchers at Duke University in the US. The team successfully used Class 1 CRISPR systems for the first time to edit the epigenome of human cells. Conventional CRISPR-Cas9 methods are categorised as Class 2 systems.

The Class 1 technique makes use of multiple proteins in a process called CRISPR-associated complex for antiviral defence (Cascade). This complex binds with high accuracy to the correct sites. After binding, Cascade utilises a Cas3 protein to target and edit the DNA. They were also able to both activate and repress target gene expression.

Illustrations representing the components of the common dCas9 system (top) and the Cascade system (bottom) (credit: Gersbach Lab).

The team says that this research contributes to an enhancement of CRISPR technologies as it provides a potential alternative for CRISPR-Cas9 when there are complications such as immune responses to Cas proteins. It can also recruit various modifiers of gene regulation, including activators and repressors, to a gene.

Associate ProfessorCharles Gersbach, one of the lead researchers, says that the team will continue to explore CRISPR biology and how the Class 1 method can be developed for gene editing.

It will be exciting to explore other types of effector domains, such as modifiers of DNA methylation, base editors, etc, attached toCascade, Gersbach says.

A further CRISPR development has come from a collaboration between Tufts University in the US and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. These researchers used a biodegradable synthetic lipid nanoparticle to deliver their CRISPR editing tools into the cell to precisely alter the cells genetic code.

According to the team, their method resulted in up to 90 percent efficacy in gene editing. The lipid nanoparticles encapsulate messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding Cas9. Once the contents of the nanoparticles including the sgRNA are released into the cell, the cells protein-making machinery takes over and creates Cas9 from the mRNA template.

A unique feature of the nanoparticles is made of synthetic lipids comprising disulfide bonds in the fatty chain. When the particles enter the cell, the environment within the cell breaks open the disulfide bond to disassemble the nanoparticles and the contents are quickly and efficiently released into the cell.

Once the contents of the nanoparticles are released into the cell, the cells protein-making machinery takes over and creates Cas9

The researchers highlighted that their delivery system refines CRISPR technologies; as Cas9 is a large complex it is difficult to deposit directly into the nucleus of the cell. Other research teams have used viruses, polymers and other kinds of nanoparticles to deliver CRISPR-Cas9, but the low efficiency of transfer limits its success. As their delivery system builds the Cas9 enzyme later in the process, it has high levels of transfer and efficacy.

Professor Qiaobing Xu, a co-corresponding author of the study, highlighted that the synthetic lipid could be made with low-toxicity. Furthermore, he explained, as there is no limit in terms of cargo size, the lipid is an improvement upon viral delivery.

He also emphasised that with viral delivery, there is always a concern about the immune response against the viral particle, but a non-viral delivery method does not have this disadvantage.

These developments in the CRISPR technique indicate how the technology is set to improve and develop in the future. However, research is far from over.

Platt believes that CRISPR processes are still in their infancy, as the current tools are effective at cutting DNA but can result in random repair. He believes that the future of genome editing is going to require new tools to enable more precise changes to the genome.

Eliminating random output would ensure success of the technology for therapeutic effect. Making precise changes is therefore the direction that CRISPR will evolve to, allowing more complex challenges to be tackled.

Gersbach remarks that his teams study will likely stimulate more research into Class 1 systems, which could lead to numerous applications and provide more biological insights into its potential therapeutic use.

Although there is more work to be done with regard to Class 1 CRISPR systems, its unique attributes make it worth investigating, he says.

Xu also comments that CRISPR is a young field compared with other technologies. He highlights the many areas of CRISPR developments: better editors; larger animal or in vitro models; and more precise analytical methods to detect gene editing.

He believes that CRISPR holds tremendous potential to treat disease, which is absolutely ground-breaking. If specific, targeted genes in the body can be controlled, then almost every condition could potentially be treated.

In conclusion, CRISPR can be a highly useful tool for editing genes and to potentially treat complex diseases. However, it still must be refined as a technique. This has caused researchers to strive for improvements in this area, to make the process more precise and effective.

These recent studies demonstrate that improvements are possible and serve to highlight the enormous potential that CRISPR offers.

According to the researchers, CRISPR technologies have progressed and will continue to improve. They all agree that CRISPR could one day be an effective way to treat genetic diseases.

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How will CRISPR change and evolve in the future? - Drug Target Review

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

"Paired nickases represent a significant step in increasing specificity through a highly flexible and efficient approach to reduce off target effects in gene editing," said Udit Batra, CEO, MilliporeSigma. "MilliporeSigma's technology improves CRISPR's ability to fix diseased genes while not affecting healthy ones, therefore improving the accuracy of potential gene therapy treatments."

These patents cover a foundational CRISPR strategy in which two CRISPR nickases are targeted to a common gene target and work together by nicking or cleaving opposite strands of a chromosomal sequence to create a double-stranded break. This process can optionally include an exogenous or donor sequence for insertion in the same manner as MilliporeSigma's patented CRISPR integration technology. The requirement of two CRISPR binding events greatly reduces the chances of off-target cutting at other locations in the genome.

In addition to Japan and Singapore, MilliporeSigma has CRISPR-related patents in the following regions: Australia, Canada, China, Europe, Israel, South Korea and the U.S. MilliporeSigma was awarded its first foundational patent in Australia covering CRISPR integration in 2017, and its first U.S. CRISPR patent for proxy-CRISPR in 2019.

MilliporeSigma has been at the forefront of innovation in the field for 15 years, with experience spanning from discovery to manufacturing.MilliporeSigma supports research with genome editing under careful consideration of ethical and legal standards. MilliporeSigma's parent company, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, established an independent, external Bioethics Advisory Panelto provide guidance for research in which its businesses are involved, including research on or using genome editing. The company has also defined a clear operational position considering scientific and societal issues to inform promising therapeutic approaches for use in research and applications.

Follow MilliporeSigma on Twitter @MilliporeSigma, on Facebook @MilliporeSigma and on LinkedIn.

All Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany news releases are distributed by email at the same time they become available on the EMD Group website. In case you are a resident of the U.S. or Canada please go to http://www.emdgroup.com/subscribe to register again for your online subscription of this service as our newly introduced geo-targeting requires new links in the email. You may later change your selection or discontinue this service.

About the Life Science Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, GermanyThe Life Science business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, which operates as MilliporeSigma in the U.S. and Canada, has some 21,000 employees and 59 manufacturing sites worldwide, with a portfolio of more than 300,000 products focused on scientific discovery, biomanufacturing and testing services. Udit Batra is the global chief executive officer of MilliporeSigma.

Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany completed its $17 billion acquisition of Sigma-Aldrich in November 2015, creating a leader in the $125 billion global life science industry.

Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, a leading science and technology company, operates across healthcare, life science and performance materials. Around 56,000 employees work to make a positive difference to millions of people's lives every day by creating more joyful and sustainable ways to live. From advancing gene-editing technologies and discovering unique ways to treat the most challenging diseases to enabling the intelligence of devices the company is everywhere. In 2018, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany generated sales of 14.8 billion in 66 countries.

The company holds the global rights to the name and trademark "Merck" internationally. The only exceptions are the United States and Canada, where the business sectors of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany operate as EMD Serono in healthcare, MilliporeSigma in life science, and EMD Performance Materials. Since its founding 1668, scientific exploration and responsible entrepreneurship have been key to the company's technological and scientific advances. To this day, the founding family remains the majority owner of the publicly listed company. For more information about Merck, KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, visit http://www.emdgroup.com.

SOURCE MilliporeSigma

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Japan and Singapore Grant CRISPR Patents to MilliporeSigma - PRNewswire

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

GlobalCRISPR and Cas Genes MarketResearch Report represents an extensive analysis of global CRISPR and Cas Genes industry by delivering evaluation of present forthcoming trends, competitive forces, customers expectations, technological advancements, and working capital in the market. The report also renders a thorough analysis of geographical regions and circumstances, product/service types, Key applications, consumption, revenue, and sales of CRISPR and Cas Genes.

The Research report Delivers a summary of the impact of the key drivers, restraints, and popular trends in the CRISPR and Cas Genes market. [To Know More -Request Sample Report] These factors are studied on regional as well as the global front, for varying levels of depth of market research. Overall review of the factors affecting various decisions in the global market is presented and examined by policies in the market, regulatory scenario of the market, with the help of details of key principles, directions, plans, and strategies in the market. The report includes the detailed analytical account of the markets competitive landscape, with the help of detailed business profiles, SWOT analysis, project feasibility analysis, and several other details about the key companies operating in the CRISPR and Cas Genes market. The report also presents an outline of the impact of recent developments on the markets future growth forecast.

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Top Companies in Worldwide CRISPR and Cas Genes Market are as follows:-

Addgene Inc, AstraZeneca Plc., Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc, Caribou Biosciences Inc, Cellectis S.A., Cibus Global Ltd, CRISPR Therapeutics AG, Editas Medicine Inc, eGenesis Bio, GE Healthcare, GenScript Corporation And More

Global CRISPR and Cas Genes Market: Segmentation Analysis

Segmentation on the basis of product:

Vector-based CasDNA-free CasSegmentation on the basis of application:

Genome EngineeringDisease ModelsFunctional GenomicsKnockdown/ActivationSegmentation on the basis of end user:

Biotechnology & Pharmaceutical CompaniesAcademic & Government Research InstitutesContract Research Organizations

Global CRISPR and Cas Genes Market: Regional Analysis

North America

Europe

Asia Pacific

Latin America

Middle East & Africa

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What are the key market trends impacting the growth of the CRISPR and Cas Genes market?

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New Research: CRISPR and Cas Genes Market Trends And Top Key Companies Profile || [Addgene Inc, AstraZeneca Plc., Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc] - Industry...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith