As of May 24, 2022, 18 states have placed laws and regulations that either ban or limit transgender athletes from participating in sports. Many conservative policymakers aim to restrict athletes to only participating in sports under their assigned birth gender. Their main reasoning for doing so is that trans athletes have a "biological advantage" over cisgender athletes, particularly within women's sports. While there are some biological differences, many activists argue that these policymakers are more concerned with excluding trans athletes than ensuring fairness.

There are certain biological and anatomical differences between sexes, the main ones relating to overall strength, endurance and lean body mass. For example, according tohealthshots.com, biologically male individuals have higher testosterone levels than biologically female individuals. This hormone makes it easier for them to burn away fat and gain muscle. On the other hand, biologically female people have higher estrogen levels, making losing fat and gaining muscle more challenging.

However, there are many other factors to consider, which involve training and practice more so than biological traits. All athletes undergo some level of physical training that requires effort to build their physique and technique. Skills such as hand-eye coordination and sports-specific techniques must be learned and repeatedly practiced.

Joanna Harper is a medical physicist at Loughborough University, as well as being a trans athlete herself. In her March 2021 study, she says that while there are some biological differences for trans athletes, it isn't unfair for them to compete since there are so many other factors to consider besides biology. Her study, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, on trans athletes in women's sports found that testosterone suppressants reduced hemoglobin levels in trans women to the same levels as cisgender women, negating the advantage.

"After four months of hormone therapy, trans women have [hemoglobin and hematocrit] levels equivalent to those of cisgender women," according to Harper's study. "After 12 months of hormone therapy, significant decreases in measures of strength, [lean body mass] and muscle area are observed."

Additionally, many activists argue that conservative policymakers want to restrict trans athletes because they are transphobic, not because they actually want to keep women's sports fair. Many believe that these authority figures express little to no interest in women's sports most of the time, except when trans rights come into play. Women's sports are not as popular as men's sports and generally do not receive as much attention or funding. For example, the U.S. Soccer Federation only established a deal to pay both the Men's and Women's National Teams an equal amount this past May.

Moreover, "biological advantages" only seem to be a problem when the athlete is transgender. There are plenty of athletes with unique biological factors, but they are not excluded from sports. For instance, basketball player Shaquille O'Neal is 7 feet 1 inch tall, giving him an advantage against opposing players. Another example is Michael Phelps, whose wingspan is longer than his height, which provides him with an edge in swimming. He is also hyper-jointed and double-jointed, which helps him bend his ankles and kick from his chest.

Even though athletes like Phelps and O'Neal have clear and distinct biological advantages, they are not banned from competing. In contrast, trans athletes' rights are constantly being debated for more minuscule advantages.

The transgender flag shown in front of UNC Charlotte's Jerry Richardson Stadium.

Here at Charlotte, the University has some trans athletes' participation policies. There are different recommendations for trans athletes, depending on whether they are undergoing hormone treatment and which type of treatment they receive. It is important to note that not all trans individuals undergo hormone therapy or gender-affirming surgery.

In summary, with hormone treatment, male-to-female athletes may participate on women's teams after one year, while female-to-male athletes may compete on men's teams if they are on medically prescribed testosterone. The University's policies seem to aim for equity and inclusivity, using the NCAA's Inclusion of Transgender Handbook guidelines. Additionally, any athlete undergoing hormone treatment must be monitored by a physician and give regular reports to demonstrate the athlete's eligibility.

"In any case where a student-athlete is taking hormone treatment related to gender transition, that treatment must be monitored by a physician, and the NGB must receive regular reports about the athlete's eligibility according to these guidelines," said the Trans Resources section on Charlotte'swebsite.

Many activists are advocating for the exclusion of trans athletes. "It's important that transgender people continue to experience the social, physical, and cultural benefits of athletics," said the Gender Justice organization in theirtrans equity campaign. "Sports institutions must respect the dignity and humanity of transgender people by ensuring their ability to participate."

Ultimately, while there are some biological advantages that transgender women have over cisgender women, the policymakers who complain about trans athletes are primarily doing so out of transphobianot out of genuine concern for women's sports. Many more factors contribute to an athlete's abilities than what they are born with, like learned skills. Inclusivity is essential, and trans athletes deserve to be able to see themselves represented in sports.

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The excuses for the exclusion of trans athletes - Niner Times

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Transgender kids have become the latest target of the far rights moral ire. Last year, Arkansas became the first state to make it a felony for doctors to provide gender-affirming carewhich can include puberty blockers, hormone therapy, and surgeryfor transgender children. Alabama followed suit in April, and at least 13 states are considering similar bills. While most bills go after doctors, others would penalize parents for seeking care for their children.

Introduced last year during the 87th Texas legislative session, Senate Bill 1646 would have categorized providing such care to minors as child abuse, but the measure failed to become law. Nevertheless, in February, Attorney General Ken Paxton wrote an opinion categorizing all gender-affirming care for minors as child abuse. Texas Governor Greg Abbott then ordered the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services to investigate parents seeking gender-affirming care for their children, prompting several employees to resign in protest. Now, the Texas Supreme Court is considering whether Abbott had the authority to call for the investigations after three district courts issued injunctions.

Proponents of the investigations claim that gender-affirming treatments are harmful to children. But major medical associations, like the American Medical Association, the American Psychiatric Association, the American Academy of Pediatricians, and the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry assert that gender-affirming care is a necessary treatment for dysphoria. These are among the dozens of medical groups that have signed on to amicus briefs supporting lawsuits filed to combat these bills, including the Texas case pending against Abbott. The Texas Observer spoke with licensed physician Colton St. Amand, a gender therapy specialist who identifies as transgender, and psychologist Cesar A. Gonzalez of the Mayo Clinic about the necessity of gender-affirming care for transgender minors and the potential mental health consequences of depriving them of it.

Their responses have been edited for length and clarity.

Why is Gender-Affirming care crucial for minors? Why not wait?

Dr. St. Amand: Gender-affirming care is critical for transgender patients of all ages. We know now from decades of clinical practice, and now over the last couple of decades of research, that the earlier that we affirm someone, the better outcomes they have in terms of mental health and physical health. We found that people generally do really well with treatment. Gender-affirming care is life-saving. This is a population that has high rates of risk for self-harm, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts, as well as other disparities due to negative responses by the environmentdiscrimination at school, and rejection from family. All of these variables put this population at risk.

Gonzalez: Not everyones going to need some of the biomedical interventions. Psychological and social and even legal interventions may just be as important as biomedical interventions.

For example, we know that name change and gender marker changes are associated with better health outcomes longitudinally. We also know that, psychologically, home environments that are gender-affirming are critical to preventing and actually protecting against suicidal ideation. We know that gender-affirming care not only impacts mental health but also impacts physical health. I think thats really why gender-affirming care is crucial for trans youth, because it sets them up to have a healthy and quality life in adulthood.

How does receiving gender-affirming care affect the lives of trans kids?

Dr. St. Amand: Ive seen kids whose parents would tell me [before treatment] that theyve been depressed for years, not engaging in their life, only kind of on the computer, in their room most of the time, not engaging in school, not making friends. Parents tell me, I havent seen my kids smile in years.

And when they come [back to] see us, and theyre affirmed in whichever ways are appropriate for the patientwhether thats a name change, whether thats pubertal suppression and hormone therapy, whether thats getting connected with other transgender people to feel more acceptedthey smile and they do well. We see improvements academically; we see improvements in mood; we see improvements in anxiety; we see improvements in self-esteemall very critical for adolescents as they are developing. We see some more engagement with friends and family as well. They just shine. Its a tribute to when somebody is able to live as their full authentic self.

If the state were to outlaw gender-affirming care, what are the risk factors of completely stopping treatment?

Dr. St. Amand: I think not only are there clear mental-health risks associated with stopping medically necessary treatment but of course, also physical health risks. If they have a puberty blocker in their arm, we generally dont keep those for more than two years because theyll need hormones in order for their bone health to be protected. But if theyre not able to access hormone therapy, and they still have puberty-suppressing treatment in them, theyre at risk for early osteoporosis.

Or lets say that they were taking estrogen and their body is trying to increase their testosterone and the estrogen is suddenly taken away. They can start getting a deeper voice, hair on the face, and other pubertal changes you would associate with male puberty. This can be life-threatening for the young person. All of the changes that we talked about can go away: less family engagement, less school engagement, increased issues with mood anxiety, low self-esteem, and medical distrust, distrust of systems that are supposed to be there to take care of you.

I think all of that is already happening.

Gonzalez: People arent going to flourish because theyre going to feel that no one else understands them, or that their identity isnt really being supported. Its going to lead to more concealment, and essentially, more minority stress. Minority stress is a really big component of what the individuals deal with but also families deal with. Its this reinforcement of any experiences of prejudice, discrimination, and violence.

And then, of course, there are other stressors that are these internal feelings or belief systems: Other people are going to reject me, or Other people arent going to like me, because if the government or these policymakers, you know, dont support me, so what does that mean for me?

We have to think about this in terms of disenfranchisement. Who is most disenfranchised here? Its going to be people who are of lower socioeconomic status, who cant afford to move to another state. Its going to be individuals who already experience day-to-day stress. This additional stress puts an additional burden on their health, leading ultimately to increased risk for a variety of different conditions through inflammation, stress responses, and non-engagement in the healthcare system.

The cascade of consequences isnt solely on the individual, but on family, communities, and ultimately, populations.

What are the families you are consulting with feeling at this moment?

Dr. St. Amand: In 2019, they started to use some political rhetoric saying child abuse and associating that somehow with gender-affirming care, which is the furthest thing from the truth. Its medically necessary care. Not doing it is actually neglect. Im currently getting emails now from families that I saw several years ago, before I started my residency, asking, What should I do? Should we leave the state? You know, very big, big questions. Is my child going to be safe? Can they take my child away? I know this was the right thing for my child. But, what do I do? There are high levels of anxiety and political distrust and worries for the safety of the young person.

How are you advising them to deal with whats happening now?

Gonzalez: I work with our adolescents and their families to focus on what is actionable, what is controllable, and that is going to be reducing some of the checking of media or websites to see if there are any updates, really trying to create as much sense of stability for the individual. In some ways, thats helping them live in the moment, giving them the skills to emotionally regulate so that they can fall asleep and not activate stress responses, which then perpetuate distress and anxiety and also physical harms. And so thats a lot of skill-building and coping.

More:
Healthcare for Trans Kids Is Not Abuse - The Texas Observer

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The Brainy insight analyzes the offers sectors present situation & important drivers in its insightful study Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Market. The global Hormone Replacement Therapy market report aids in evaluating statistics related to the industry progress in terms of value (US$ Bn/Mn). Moreover, the research has provided the most up-to-date competitive industry information and valuable advice for other businesses and consumers interested in entering the worldwide Hormone Replacement Therapy market or any regional market. Further, the analysis provides insights on the COVID-19 outbreak considering the alteration in customer demand & behavior, purchasing patterns, re-routing of the supply chain, significant interventions of governments, and the dynamics of current market forces. The in-house database includes market data for various industries & domains.

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Global Hormone Replacement Therapy Market 2022 Industry Share, Trends, Consumption, Growth, Top Manufacturers, Type and Forecast to 2028 Designer...

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John Richard Schrock

By JOHN RICHARD SCHROCK

Margaret Sanger founded the birth control movement and Planned Parenthood. Born in 1879, Margaret Louise Higgins was the sixth of 11 children. She watched her mother die at age 50 after 18 pregnancies. She married architect William Sanger in 1902 and worked as a young nurse in New York. She had compassion for the many women, often migrants from Europe, who knew that another baby meant more hunger in their family. Those women were poor, without any method to prevent pregnancy except abstinence. And Sanger worked under a male-doctor dominated healthcare system that would not allow advising married mothers to just say no.

Sanger wrote brochures describing ways to prevent pregnancy and discussing gonorrhea and syphilis. She mailed them to the poor community, violating federal statutes for distributing literature of illegal character. Her actions eventually changed public opinion and postal censorship soon ended.

Sanger fought for decades to get contraceptives approved. And she secured funding for the research that led to the birth control pill. In spite of being demonized by anti-abortion groups today, Sanger was opposed to abortions. She had seen far too many deaths in her early nursing work that were due to back street abortions. In Woman and the New Race, Sanger wrote: while there are cases where even the law recognizes an abortion as justifiable if recommended by a physician, I assert that the hundreds of thousands of abortions performed in America each year are a disgrace to civilization.

In her book Family Limitation Sanger wrote: no one can doubt that there are times when an abortion is justifiable but they will become unnecessary when care is taken to prevent conception. This is the only cure for abortions. Simply, with good sex education and available contraception, Sanger believed there would be no unwanted pregnancies and therefore no widespread need for abortion.

Sanger succeeded in making contraceptives legal and available. She witnessed science move forward.

In 1923, scientists Allen and Daisy of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis isolated estrogen in mice and rats and determined it was produced in the ovaries. By the 1940s, researchers discovered how other hormones (follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin) controlled the typical menstrual cycle.

Three researchers in Europe first synthesized the male hormone testosterone in 1935.

Tijo and Levan at the University of Lund, Sweden, determined that normal females have XX chromosomes and normal males have XY and published their research in 1956.

Meanwhile, John Money at the Johns Hopkins Psychohormonal Research Unit studied enough patients to realize that there was a separate feeling of maleness or femaleness that was realized by age six that was separate from sexual attraction after puberty. Money pulled a term from language studies and 1955 saw the first use of gender for this feeling of masculine or feminine identity. It was a brain difference. And sometimes it did not match chromosomes or anatomy.

But when did this brain difference develop? When Roger Gorski at U.C.L.A. injected testosterone into a pregnant rat, the resulting female babies grew up acting like males. Gorski located a region in these female rat brains that resembled male, not female brains. Dick Swaab and his team in the Netherlands then located this brain difference in male and female human brains in 1985.

Margaret Sanger had died in 1966 at age 87, a few months after the U.S. Supreme Court decision Griswold v. Connecticut ruled that birth control was legal for married couples. She had every reason to believe that all children in the future would be wanted and loved. That sex education would become widespread. That the many solid discoveries by science that would come later would provide for an educated citizenry who intelligently planned their families. And the limited need for abortions would only entail medical or social issues such as rape or incest.

Science succeeded. But society failed. There is little to no modern sex education describing our advanced understanding gained in these last fifty years.

We now live under the tyranny of the ignorant where many states have science-ignorant legislators and governors who know nothing beyond the simple anatomy of the 1800s.

. . .

John Richard Schrock has trained biology teachers for more than 30 years in Kansas. He also has lectured at 27 universities during 20 trips to China. He holds the distinction of Faculty Emeritus at Emporia State University.

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EDUCATION FRONTLINES: Tyranny of the ignorant - Salina Post

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

WASHINGTON (AP) South Dakotas Republican governor pledged on Sunday to bar mail-orderabortion pillsbut said women should not face prosecution for seeking them.

In apparent defiance of legal guidance by the Justice Department afterthe Supreme Court last week stripped away womens constitutional protectionsfor abortion,Kristi Noem indicated in national television interviews that she would put in place a plan approved by state lawmakers to restrict the pills. The majority ruling on Friday by the courts conservative justices triggeredabortion bansin South Dakota and elsewhere.

But Noem said doctors, not their patients, would likely be prosecuted for knowing violations of what would be one of the strictest laws on abortion pills in the United States.

I dont believe women should ever be prosecuted, she said. I dont believe there should be any punishment for women, ever, that are in a crisis situation or have an unplanned pregnancy.

At issue is mail-order or so-called telemedicine abortion pills, which have been on the rise in the country since 2000 when the Food and Drug Administration approved mifepristone the main drug used in medication abortions.

More than 90% of abortions take place in the first 13 weeks of pregnancy, and more than half are now done with pills, not surgery, according to data compiled by the Guttmacher Institute, a research group that supports abortion rights. Abortion pills are expected to become in higher demand as more than half the states are likely to move to ban abortions followingthe Supreme Courts decision.

Noem, a strong opponent of abortion rights who faces re-election in November and is mentioned as apossible 2024 presidential contender, cast the distribution of abortion pills as unsafe and has called aspecial sessionto craft new laws.

These are very dangerous medical procedures, said Noem, referring to abortion pills. We dont believe it should be available, because it is a dangerous situation for those individuals without being medically supervised by a physician.

In a state where Republicans hold super-majorities in both statehouse chambers, South Dakota lawmakers have been floating proposals that also would make it more difficult for women to seek an abortion out of state. South Dakota voters rejected outright bans in 2006 and 2008, and abortion rights advocates are preparing for a similar referendum on abortion access.

In a statement on Friday, President Joe Bidens attorney general, Merrick Garland, said the Justice Department will protect abortion providers and those seeking abortions in states where it is legal and will work with other arms of the federal government that seek to use their lawful authorities to protect and preserve access to reproductive care.

In particular, the FDA has approved the use of the medication mifepristone, he added. States may not ban mifepristone based on disagreement with the FDAs expert judgment about its safety and efficacy.

The South Dakota law, passed in March, requires women seeking an abortion to make three separate trips to a doctor in order to take abortion pills and makes it clear that women in the state cannot get the pills through a telemedicine consultation. The law has been on hold after a federal judge in February ruled it likely imposes an undue burden on a persons right to seek an abortion.

Two drugs are required. The first, mifepristone, blocks a hormone needed to maintain a pregnancy. A second drug, misoprostol, taken one to two days later, empties the uterus. Both drugs are available as generics and are also used to treat other conditions.

The FDA last year lifted a long-standing requirement that women pick up abortion pills in person. Federal regulations now also allow mail delivery nationwide. Even so, roughly 19 states have passed laws requiring a medical clinician to be physically present when abortion pills are administered to a patient.

South Dakota is among them, joining several states, including Texas, Kentucky, Arkansas, Ohio, Tennessee and Oklahoma, where Republicans have moved to further restrict access to abortion pills in recent months.

One portion of the South Dakota law, which will take effect in July, contains a section that does not hinge on the federal courts: increasing to a felony the punishment for anyone who prescribes medication for an abortion without a license from the South Dakota Board of Medical and Osteopathic Examiners.

A broader court decision is pending in the wake of the Supreme Court ruling.

Noem spoke on ABCs This Week and CBS Face the Nation.

Associated Press writer Stephen Groves in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, contributed to this report.

TheGrio is FREE on your TV via Apple TV, Amazon Fire, Roku, and Android TV. Please download theGrio mobile apps today!

Link:
S.D. governor: Bar abortion pills, but dont punish women for them - TheGrio

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When things go awry with our health, it usually doesn't just happen without warning. Our bodies typically send out signals letting us know there's an issue and it's up to us to pay attention and listen. But it's not just physical health our bodies communicate with us about, it's mental health as well. "Messages from your body that you are experiencing acute stress or chronic stress or depression and important to know, they can help you realize that what you are feeling is very real and requires attention, possibly diagnosis and treatment," Gail Saltz MD, Clinical Associate Professor of Psychiatry The New York Presbyterian Hospital and host of the "How Can I Help?" podcast from iHeartRadio tells us. "They can also tell you that you need to develop more coping tools to manage stress and your mood to fare better in the long run and prevent future episodes. And because these conditions are not good for your health they help you work to decrease stress which is better for overall health and improves mood, also good for overall health," she added. Eat This, Not That! Health spoke with experts who help decode what messages your body is trying to send you and why it's important to listen. Read on to find out moreand to ensure your health and the health of others, don't miss Already Had COVID? These Symptoms May "Never Go Away".

Dr. Saltz says, "The mind and body are connected such that what affects our brain also affects our body. When experiencing high acute STRESS the body can tell us via noticeable symptoms experienced due to initially the release of norepinephrine (a neurotransmitter) which can cause one to feel jittery, nervous, have a rise in blood pressure, feel nauseous, even feel short of breath.Over time if stress is maintained and becomes chronic stress then the constant release of the hormone cortisol due to ongoing stress causes wear and tear on the body and a person may feel burned out, fatigued, have various unexplained aches and pains and stomach aches, headaches. Our body can also tell us when we are feeling DEPRESSED. In addition to feelings of sadness, worthlessness, hopelessness and guiltone's body can feel heavy, leaden, numb, movements may be slowed down or you could alternatively feel very jittery. You can have trouble sleeping, and awaken too early and be unable to return to sleep and you can lose your appetite and your sexual drive. These are messages your body is telling you that you are depressed."

Dr. Michael Green, MD, Board Certified OB/GYN at Winona explains, "Skin changes like rashes, discoloration and new growth should always be taken seriously. Dermal fluctuations could signify anything from an allergic reaction to a serious illness or internal infection. Often, skin changes are the first sign of diabetes, lupus or liver problems. For example, diabetics often present with dark patches on the neck, armpits or groin. Lupus, an autoimmune disease, is commonly associated with a butterfly shaped rash across the cheeks and nose. A rash or jaundice appearance could be a sign that a person's liver is not functioning properly. Knowing this, never dismiss dermal changes as nothing. The skin is the largest organ on the body, and changes can signal a larger issue. Always talk to your doctor if you notice something's amiss."6254a4d1642c605c54bf1cab17d50f1e

Lindsay Tullis, CHC, Health Coach at Mighty Health shares, "If you find yourself often feeling hungry or wanting food, your body could be telling you that you actually need more sleep. Lack of sleep can increase ghrelin, our hunger hormone. It's important that we listen to this signal, as it's not always food our body is looking for."

According to Tullis, "Fatigue can often happen after a long day, especially if it follows a restless night. But it can also signal something more serious. Chronic fatigue can be a symptom of many underlying conditions such as a thyroid disorder, heart disease, or diabetes. It's important to not only listen to how often your body is fatigued but also what may trigger your fatigue so that you can take the necessary steps to address it."

Tullis says, "Sore muscles after a strenuous workout can feel like a burden and often take a few days to recover from. But sore muscles are our body's way of telling us that we are making progress and getting stronger. Muscles feel sore after you put stress on and tear down the muscle fiber. The muscle fiber then will repair itself and come back stronger each time."

"Muscle cramps are a common thing that happens to almost everyone," Tullis emphasizes. "They can be your body's way of telling you that you have overused that muscle in exercise, you need more electrolytes (magnesium, potassium, calcium), you are dehydrated, or that you are experiencing low blood flow. Listening to your body's frequency, severity, and symptoms that follow (swelling, redness, or a feeling of warmth) can help you determine whether it's your normal muscle cramp, or if you need to seek help from your physician."

Tullis explains, "We often get that itch for something sweet or salty and immediately think it's because we're hungry, but it can also be your body's way of communicating dehydration, stress, or lack of sleep. Hyper-palatable, calorie-dense foods are often used to mask an underlying emotion or condition. Next time you get a food craving, try taking a pause and listening to what your body truly needs before making an instant decision." And to protect your life and the lives of others, don't visit any of these 35 Places You're Most Likely to Catch COVID.

Heather Newgen

Excerpt from:
Warning Messages Your Body is Trying to Tell You Eat This Not That - Eat This, Not That

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

June 22, 2022

Author: Sarah Barber

Prostate, lung, colorectal and skin cancers are the most common cancers diagnosed among men, and one of the best weapons in fighting cancer is prevention through screeninga service that men can access at McLaren Greater Lansing.

The best way to prevent cancer is to catch it early before it causes symptoms, said Tomasz Stankiewicz, DO, physician at McLaren Greater Lansing Southside Medical Center. I do this during wellness visits, which is the time when I get to know my patient, including their medical history, family history, and risk factors for cancer development. You cannot wait until you have symptoms. Cancer must be caught and treated early to have a better chance of recovery.

Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men. The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that around one in eight men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer at some point in their life.

Prostate Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms normally do not occur in the early stages of prostate cancer, which is why screening is so important. The most common prostate cancer symptom is issues with urination. However, having trouble with urinating does not always mean prostate cancer.

Prostate Cancer Screening

Men ages 55 or older should receive a digital rectal exam (DRE) or prostate specific antigen (PSA) blood test routinely. Each mans prostate health variessome men may have to receive screenings at an earlier age, especially if they are considered high risk. This could be true if they:

Prostate Cancer Treatment Options

Whether prostate cancer is detected early, at an advanced stage, or considered metastatic, advanced treatments allow for higher cure rates and patients living longer lives. There are five major pillars of therapy in cancer: surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. The most common treatments for prostate cancer are surgery; radiation therapies, including proton therapy; and hormone therapy, a type of targeted therapy.

Lung Cancer

A close second when it comes to cancer diagnosis among men is lung cancer. A man has about a one in 15 chance of developing lung cancer, according to the ACS. Men who smoke are at a higher risk. Lung cancer also ranks as the number one cause of cancer related death for men.

Preventing Lung Cancer

The number one way to prevent lung cancer is to not smoke, but if you already smoke, you lower your risk of developing lung cancer by quitting.

Lung Cancer Signs and Symptoms

The symptoms of lung cancer usually take time to develop, so early signs of the disease can be difficult to detect without a screening. The earlier lung cancer is found, the greater the chance of survival. See your health care provider if you have:

Lung Cancer Screening

If you are at an increased risk of lung cancer, you should be screened. Consider having a conversation with your primary care provider if you are:

Lung Cancer Treatment Options

With the available advanced treatments, oncologists can offer patients more options, even with metastatic lung cancer. Lung cancer can usually be treated with surgery, radiation therapy, proton therapy, and drug therapies.

Targeted therapies are generally given as a pill. These drugs can target the bad elements, or the cancer cells, while sparing normal cells that are not diseased. Immunotherapy can also be used to treat lung cancer.

Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer among men. About one in 23 men will be diagnosed with colorectal cancer in their lifetime.

Colorectal Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Though symptoms of colorectal cancer are not usually present at the early stages, there are symptoms you should know about, should you develop the disease in its later stages. The most common symptoms are:

Colorectal Cancer Screening

There are usually no symptoms during the early stages of the disease, so it is important to receive routine testing. Generally, men who are considered at average risk for colon cancer should begin screenings at age 45. Those with high risk should start younger.

Men who are at high risk usually:

Colorectal Cancer Prevention

Avoiding regular tobacco and alcohol use and following a balanced diet can help in preventing colorectal cancer, but screening can help with prevention, as well.

Colorectal Cancer Treatment Options

Colorectal cancers can be treated with surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy, and drug therapies.

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States and one in five Americans will develop skin cancer in their lifetime according to the American Academy of Dermatology Association. It is the fifth most common cancer among men and women. Skin cancer is most common in white men over 50 years of age. Skin cancer can affect anyone, regardless of skin color.

Skin Cancer Signs and Symptoms:

Skin Cancer Screening

Visual screening by a physician or self-exams are two ways to screen for skin cancer. You or your primary care doctor should evaluate a skin lesion using an mnemonic of ABCDE:

About half of all melanomas are self-detected, and screening is especially important if you or your family has a history of skin cancer.

Skin Cancer Prevention

Everyone should avoid using indoor tanning beds and protect their skin while outdoors. Stay in the shade as much as possible. Wear protective clothing (long-sleeved shirt, pants, wide-brimmed hat, and sunglasses with UV protection). Apply water-resistant sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to all skin not covered by clothing.

Skin Cancer Treatment Options

Treatments for skin cancer or precancerous skin lesions include:

Get Screened for Cancer

Cancer screening guidelines change frequently. Speak with your primary care provider about the types of cancer screenings you may need, and when to receive them. If you are ready to schedule a cancer screening, click here.

Read more from the original source:
Screenings Are the Best Way to Prevent Cancer for Men - McLaren Health Care

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

When you think about it, investing in a good night's sleep can be expensive. There's buying the right mattress, a comfortable duvet, supportive pillows, soft sheets and maybe even a mattress topper or mattress pad. On top of that, there are many more options in the market that attest to helping you attain the perfect amount of ZZZs each night. One of which is a weighted blanket.

Sleep accessories can cost a little more than you may think. So, you may be asking yourself, if I already have a comfortable bed, do I really need to invest in a weighted blanket? And do weighted blankets even do everything they claim?

If you're considering one, here's everything you need to know before adding a weighted blanket to your bedroom.

Read more: Best Weighted Blankets

Often used as therapeutic devices, weighted blankets are dense blankets designed to promote sleep and decrease stress. Weighted blankets can weigh anywhere from 5 to 30 pounds. There are many options out there, but it is recommended that the weight of the blanket you choose is equal to 10% of your body weight. The right blanket should be comfortable and heavy but not completely restrict your movement. It should feel similar to a big hug.

Weighted blankets are available to anyone interested (although, they aren't deemed safe for babies or children under 3 years old). However, these products especially appeal to those who have trouble falling asleep at night, and they have also been used to comfort those with special conditions.

Weighted blankets are used to help those with:

Whether you're looking for new sleep accessories, want to try something new or live with a condition that inhibits your sleep, a weighted blanket might be for you.

Are there other benefits of investing in this product?

It's no secret that weighted blankets are designed to help those with anxiety (similar to a hug used to comfort a friend). In case that benefit doesn't concern or interest you, there are other benefits to sleeping under a few extra pounds of blanket.

Those who have tried a weighted blanket describe the feeling as similar to being held by a loved one. The weight and sensation encourage you to relax and decompress.

Similar to how hugs increase serotonin, weighted blankets deliver the same kind of deep pressure stimulation and, therefore, serotonin. This is why weighted blankets supposedly help anxiety and depression. The increased serotonin levels, or "happy, feel-good" hormones, help combat both.

In addition to serotonin, the deep pressure stimulation of weighted blankets may increase oxytocin levels in our brains, another "feel-good" hormone. This helps us feel safe, calm and destressed.

If you often toss and turn at night and are looking to be more static (or not disturb a partner as much), this benefit might interest you. The weight of the blanket helps to hold you in one place, yet it doesn't completely restrict you. Your blanket should be heavy but still be comfortable.

One of the most important benefits of weighted blankets is the improvement of your sleep. The weight of the blanket cradles you and may even decrease the number of times you wake up in the middle of the night. All of the above benefits help to lull you to sleep, and weighted blankets are said to improve that sleep.

The big question with any product that might seem too good to be true -- does it actually work?

One study from 2018 concluded that weighted blankets may be an appropriate therapeutic product for those living with anxiety. The same study found that while weighted blankets may decrease anxiety, there wasn't much evidence that it treats insomnia.

A more recent study from 2020 reported that weighted blankets improved sleep quality among subjects, but the improvements were small (a 2% decrease in light sleep, 1.5 % improvement in sleep efficiency and 1.4% in sleep maintenance). Although, 36% of subjects said they slept better through the night without waking up.

While the findings from this study, as well as the 2018 study, seem to suggest that weighted blankets have the possibility of being effective with sleep, there aren't many studies that show the opposite. More research needs to be completed before the final say, but as of now, experts aren't saying that weighted blankets are ineffective.

All in all, weighted blankets aren't magic. But it has been proven that they (at the very least) help to ease symptoms of anxiety, depression, autism and release serotonin, dopamine and oxytocin.

Due to recent demand and increased popularity, many people have been turning to weighted blankets as an extra device of comfort. Whether they are anxious, stressed or looking for a way to ease symptoms of depression or Autism Spectrum Disorder, weighted blankets seem to be a great sleep tool.

However, weighted blankets don't solve major anxiety, depression or sleep-related issues. If extreme anxiety or insomnia is constantly keeping you awake at night, speak with your doctor or a licensed therapist to create the best possible treatment plan. In addition, weighted blankets are an investment. Just like any other sleep accessory, good weighted blankets can be pricey.

If you think a weighted blanket could be useful to you, review these points before buying.

Consider investing in a weighted blanket if:

Spend your money on something else if:

The information contained in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as health or medical advice. Always consult a physician or other qualified health provider regarding any questions you may have about a medical condition or health objectives.

Read the original here:
Weighted Blankets: Benefits, Do They Actually Work and Are They Worth The Money? - CNET

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

When was your complexion at its very best? Perhaps in your late teens, after the curse of spots had finally passed? Or a decade on, when elegance had supplanted callow youth and the wrinkles were yet to appear? So advanced is the aesthetic industry that most of Hollywood is already on this quest, with Brad Pitt, Demi Moore and the like, you name them, looking far more youthful than their near 60 years. But, what if one day we could do more than have facials and tweakments to keep us looking younger? What if we could genetically dial back our skin? That is the ultimate promise raised by British researchers who revealed that they had turned the clock back on ageing human skin cells by 30 years. Just imagine: three decades of sunbathing, stress, late nights and the odd bottle of booze, all wiped from the millimetre.

In ex-vivo rejuvenation, we take diseased or damaged skin cells out of the patient, rejuvenate them and then return them to the damaged area of the patients skin so that it vigorously regrows and heals. Dr Diljeet Gill, one of the authors of the new skin study

A significant cause of hearing problems is the loss of minute cochlear hair cells in the inner ear. These are the sensory cells of the auditory system. Over time they die, and dont regenerate.

The news comes amid a wave of renewed interest in the field of regenerative medicinethe idea that we can rejuvenate ageing cells so that our bodies and brains can start afresh, bouncingly free of disease and full of youths resilient energy. In the latest advance, researchers from the Babraham Institute, a research institution partnered with the University of Cambridge, took skin cells from a 53-year-old woman and rejuvenated them to act as though they were 30 years younger.

When the cells were applied to a simulated wound in a laboratory, their healing response was as sprightly as if they had come from a 23-year-old, the scientists said. The team adapted a Nobel prize-winning technique that uses proteins involved in birth development to get adult human cells to revert back to embryo stem cells. This approach takes the cells age right back to zero. Stem cells hold great medical promise as precursor cells that can be turned into any new kind of human cell to replace damaged or diseased ones. But that potential has mostly remained unrealised for decadesnot least because medically implanted stem cells can be lethal.

Stem cells were discovered in the early 1960s. Then, in the late 1990s, scientists managed to isolate them from human embryos and grow them in the lab. I remember when I was a wrinkle-free young reporter how this news prompted a gush of experts to predict that the novel technology would revolutionise health care within a decade, curing our most serious ills, such as cancer, Alzheimers and heart disease. Then stem cells potential for danger rapidly began to emerge.Little anarchists they are, lab-derived stem cells. With all that potential to become anything, it was discovered that they can do precisely that. And anything includes tumour cells or whatever else they fancy. If you grow stem cells into pancreas cells in the hope that they will produce new insulin in people with type 2 diabetes, they can instead decide to make all the hormones that a pancreas could possibly produce, which isnt helpful, said Dr Diljeet Gill, 27, one of the authors of the new skin study.

The technique that Gills experiment used to rejuvenate human flesh was crucially different. Instead of reprogramming the 53-year-old womans skin cells back to being age-zero stem cells, it stopped the age-reversal process before they got that young. Thus the cells had dual identityyouthful enough to fizz with vitality, but old enough to know their job as skin cells. The altered cells matched the profiles of cells 30 years younger. Once rejuvenated, they produced far more skin-pillowing collagen than the unmodified cells.Professor Wolf Reik, the German molecular biologist and group leader at the Babraham Institute, co-authored the study. He said, It looks like you may be able to select the age to which you turn back the cells, at least by the decade, so you could find the general sweet spot.

The approach marks a potential breakthrough for the field of regenerative medicine. Investors are salivating at the prospect, which helps to explain why analysts are predicting that the scientific industry will be worth $50 billion in five years time.Scientific institutions are already developing stem cell-based technologies to regenerate our most frequently worn-out organs. In the UK more than 40 per cent of people over 50 have hearing loss. Now investigators at Frequency Therapeutics, a spin-off company of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, are pioneering a new type of regenerative therapy to reverse it.

A significant cause of hearing problems is the loss of minute cochlear hair cells in the inner ear. These are the sensory cells of the auditory system. Over time they die, and dont regenerate. In March researchers at Frequency Therapeutics explained how they are developing a drug that programs the descendants of stem cells in patients inner ears, called progenitor cells, to awaken and recreate cochlear hair cells.

Eyes are another age-old problem. An Indian biotechnology company called Pandorum Technologies is developing a gel that can carry corneal stem cells into the eye to regenerate peoples corneas.

And where old bones are concerned, researchers from Texas A&M University reported how they had developed new ways of delivering rejuvenating stem cells into damaged and worn limbs using nanotechnology, strengthening hopes that we can keep our skeletons straight and sturdy well into old age.As for being able to completely refresh our midlife flesh, sadly we will have to wait a while. As Gill said, We think the prime opportunity here is for ex-vivo rejuvenation, in which we take diseased or damaged skin cells out of the patient, rejuvenate them and then return them to the damaged area of the patients skin so that it vigorously regrows and heals.

Because the scientists would effectively be giving patients a transplant of their own skin, only decades younger, there is no danger of their bodies rejecting the tissue as foreign. With this we could treat severe flesh wounds such as cuts, burns, lacerations and ulcerssituations where aged cells have real difficulty healing, said Gill.

His next priority involves testing skin-cell rejuvenation further, to be sure that it wont cause cancer, before trialling it in humans. From there, the research is set to swerve into another age-related disease: dementia. Reik believes the technique may reverse age-related decline in our immune systems, too.

The pandemic highlighted how, as we get older, our defences steadily weaken. Im hopeful that the technique can make a vital difference here, he said.Ilaria Bellantuono, a professor of musculoskeletal ageing and co-director of the Healthy Lifespan Institute at the University of Sheffield, is erring on the side of caution, It is very early days. The new experiment is only in a laboratory petri dish. We dont know whether the cells will perform their jobs properly in a living human. We dont know yet how the changes made will affect the skin cells most important functions in humans, such as making collagen and dividing.

Nevertheless, Bellantuono remains optimistic that in decades to come the new Cambridge technology could put scientifically effective age-reversing therapies on our chemists shelves. I think where the new research goes many years from now is the development of drugs that reverse ageing with cells in the organism directly, she said. You may be able to take a pill that partially reverses your age so that it may properly rejuvenate your skin and other organs. If you want to do something about your cellular clocks right now, you need to work on your fitness and general health. Looking after ourselves is the best thing we can currently do to slow the ageing process and protect our skin and other vital tissues. Oh well, back to the treadmill.

Excerpt from:
What if we could genetically dial back our skin? - The Week

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

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The more scientific our skincare, the better. The second we see an ingredient like stem cell extract in a serum or cream, were instantly intrigued. The creative innovations of the beauty industry are just incredible. Can you believe a product like this is available for an actually affordable price?

While wed expect something scientific with hundreds of stellar reviews to potentially cost $100 or more, Three Ships is proving that modern, effective skincare doesnt have to be out of budget. Ready to meet what might be your new holy grail? Say hello to Radiance!

Get the Radiance Grape Stem Cell + Squalene Day Cream for just $35 at Three Ships! Free shipping!

This cream is for all skin types, but if your skin if feeling dry or tight and/or looking dull, youll especially want to check it out. Its made with grape stem cells and natural squalene, aiming to help your skin retain moisture, look radiant and feel comfortable and nourished. This could also lead to less redness and fewer breakouts!

This cream has a lightweight, fast-absorbing formula. Its also vegan and certified cruelty-free. Its EWG Verified as well, meaning its free of EWGs chemicals of concern. This makes it a safe, reliable clean beauty choice wed feel comfortable recommending to just about anyone!

Another cool thing about this cream is the opaque pump jar. Its designed to minimize the creams exposure to air and fingertips, therefore shielding it from extra bacteria growth or exposure to sunlight that could make it less effective over time. Wed also just like to say that this style of pump jar is our favorite. Its fun to use and keeps Us from accidentally using too much as a time!

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When tested on 28 participants, 100% said theyd recommend this cream to a friend and that their skin felt hydrated after one use. 96% also noted that this product absorbs easily into skin. Were not surprised to see reviewers noting similar results. This product has a 4.9 rating right now, with zero one or two-star reviews to be found!

Shoppers say this cream is incredibly hydrating and smooth like butter (but not greasy). Theyre deeming it ideal for everyday use and say theyve even been receiving a lot of compliments on their skin since they started using it. One even called it a miraculous answer to their extremely dry and sensitive skin! Sign Us up!

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Looking for something else? Check out all of Three Ships current bestsellers here!

Want more product recommendations? Check out some of our other picks below:

This post is brought to you by Us Weeklys Shop With Us team. The Shop With Us team aims to highlight products and services our readers might find interesting and useful, such as face masks, self tanners, Lululemon-style leggings and all the best gifts for everyone in your life. Product and service selection, however, is in no way intended to constitute an endorsement by either Us Weekly or of any celebrity mentioned in the post.

The Shop With Us team may receive products free of charge from manufacturers to test. In addition, Us Weekly receives compensation from the manufacturer of the products we write about when you click on a link and then purchase the product featured in an article. This does not drive our decision as to whether or not a product or service is featured or recommended. Shop With Us operates independently from advertising sales team. We welcome your feedback at ShopWithUs@usmagazine.com. Happy shopping!

Read more here:
Reviewers Are Calling This Hydrating Stem Cell Cream Miraculous - Us Weekly

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Introduction

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is known to be the main extrinsic factor that induces skin pigmentation, which is a vital physiological process to protect nuclear DNA of epidermal cells from UV damage.1 Melanocytes stimulated by UVR synthesize melanin within melanosomes, which are subsequently transferred to adjacent keratinocytes, thus resulting in visually observable skin pigmentation.1 Proposed mechanisms of melanosome transfer include the following models: cytophagocytosis,2 direct membrane fusion,3 shed vesicles,4,5 and coupled exo/phagocytosis.6,7 Recent observations favor the coupled exo/phagocytosis model, which proposed that the melanosome core was released from melanocytes and then phagocytosed by neighboring keratinocytes.8 In this process, keratinocyte phagocytosis serves an important part, however, the detailed mechanism of which has not been fully elucidated.

Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a calcium (Ca2+)-permeable non-selective cationic channel, is a unique member of the mammalian TRP ankyrin subfamily which plays key functions in chemo-, thermo-, and mechano-sensing.9,10 Previous studies indicated that TRPA1 was mainly expressed in sensory neurons, while recent researches confirmed its non-neuronal expressions in lung, brain and vascular endothelial tissues.9 Moreover, TRPA1 was detected to be expressed in human cutaneous cells, including melanocytes and keratinocytes.11 With regard to the biological function of TRPA1 in epidermal cells, it is demonstrated that TRPA1 activated by UVR caused a retinal-dependent current and a rapid calcium influx and was required for the UVR-induced early increase of cellular melanin in melanocytes.12 In mammalian phototransduction, retinal evoked a UVR-sensitive current in melanocytes, probably due to the conversion of trans-retinal to the cis- conformation catalyzed by the retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65 (retinal pigment epithelium-specific 65kDa protein), which is also expressed in keratinocytes, as in the rod and cone cells of visual cycle.1315 What is more, TRPA1 was found to be involved in the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes.11 However, whether it contributes to keratinocyte phagocytosis for promoting skin pigmentation remains unclear.

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a serine-threonine protein kinase, which plays a crucial role in cell-migration-related cytoskeleton dynamics via auto-phosphorylation mediated mechanism.16 -catenin is a core component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, and it facilitates the process of gene transcription and cellcell adhesion.17,18 -catenin binds to the intercellular domain of E-cadherin (Epithelia-cadherin) and links catenin, composing a cadherin-catenin complex, which directly anchors the actin cytoskeleton so that mediates the cellcell adhesion.19 In the process of phagocytosis, actin cytoskeleton dynamics is required for the localized protrusion of the plasma membrane and the formation of the extended pseudopodia.20 Given the relevance of the CaMKII and -catenin to the actin cytoskeleton, their involvement in phagocytosis is of great research potential. However, their effect on keratinocyte phagocytosis has not been investigated yet.

Since UVR could activate TRPA1 channels in melanocytes leading to melanin synthesis, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether TRPA1 channels activated by UVR could promote keratinocyte phagocytosis and skin pigmentation in vitro and in vivo, and investigate the possible mechanisms which may involve the phosphorylation of CaMKII and the increased expression of -catenin in keratinocytes.

TRPA1 (19124-1-AP) was purchased from Proteintech Group (Rosemont, IL 60018, USA). CaMKII (4436), pCaMKII (12716), -catenin (8480) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, Massachusetts, USA). Retinal (R2500), JT010 (SML1672), HC030031 (H4415) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), RIPA buffer (R0100), BCA protein assay kit (PC0020), poloxamer gel (Polyethylene-polypropylene glycol 407, S7071) and formalin (G2161) were purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China). Protease inhibitor cocktail (B14011) was purchased from Bimake (Shanghai, China). XAV-939 (S1180) was purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Shanghai, China). Fluo-4 AM (ab142773), DIO Staining Solution (C1038) were purchased from Beyotime (Shanghai, China). Stock solutions were prepared as follows: HC030031, and XAV-939 were dissolved in DMSO, JT010, and retinal in absolute ethanol. Masson-Fontana staining solution (G2032) was purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China). Opti-MEM medium (31985062), Lipofectamine 2000 (11668030) and chemiluminescence (ECL) were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Massachusetts, USA). The UVA or UVB source used was a 9W UVA or UVB broadband lamp (Philips, Eindhoven, Netherlands) and radiation energies were measured using a UVX radiometer (UVP, Upland, California, USA).

HaCaT cells (human immortalized keratinocytes) were purchased from the CABRI (European Union). Cells were cultured and grown in Minimum Eagles Medium (MEM, Gibco, USA), supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco, USA) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin solution (Gibco, USA) at the humidified incubator with 5% CO2 (v/v) at 37. hTRPA1-specific primers were designed based on NM_007332.2: F 5-GGTTTGGCAGTTGGCGACATTGCTGA3 and R 5-CTAAGGCTCAAGATGGTGTGTTTTTG-3. The primers amplified a DNA band that was sequenced and found to be identical to hTRPA1. TRPA1 full-length cDNA was then recombined into pcDNA3.1-HA vector and expressed using a transient transfection system. HaCaT cells (50104 cells/well) were overexpressed TRPA1 plasmid in an Opti-MEM medium containing Lipofectamine 2000 at 37. Cells were harvested 48 hours after transfection.

HaCaT cells (50104 cells/well) were seeded in 6-well plates (Corning Costar, USA) and incubated overnight. Cells were treated with different conditions (Retinal 12 M, JT010 1 M, HC-030031 10 M, XVA-939 10 M, UVA 225 mJ/cm2 or UVB 25 mJ/cm2) for 2 hours, and then loaded with 5 M Fluo-4 AM calcium probes in PBS for 30 minutes and then washed twice with PBS. Cells were incubated with 0.8 mM Ca2+-containing solution (140 mM NaCl, 3 mM KCl, 0.4 mM Na2HPO4, 10 mM HEPES, 5 mM Glucose, and 1 mM MgCl2, and 0.8 mM CaCl2 with pH 7.4) by incubation for 30 min at room temperature in the dark. To remove the Ca2+-containing solution, cells were washed two times with PBS solution, harvested, resuspended, and then the fluorescence intensity was measured by flow cytometry (BD Aria II software, USA) with excitation of 340 nm and emission at 510 nm. At least 30,000 cells were collected per sample. Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]ic) was assessed by the fluorescence intensity ratio of the calcium probe Fluo-4 AM and expressed as relative fluorescence intensity normalized to control cells.

HaCaT cells (20104 cells/dish) were seeded onto culture glass dishes (Nest, China) and incubated overnight. The following day, cells were treated with JT010 (1 M), HC-030031 (10 M), XVA-939 (10 M), UVA exposure (225 mJ/cm2) or UVB exposure (25 mJ/cm2), and loaded with 5 M Fluo-4 AM calcium probes as described in intracellular calcium concentration measurement. After incubation with the Fluo-4 AM calcium probe, calcium imaging was measured by Confocal fluorescence microscopy (Lacia, TCS SP8), and randomly taken from 5 microscopic fields in each experiment. Three independent experiments were conducted for each experiment and the fluorescence areas were measured by Image J software.

HaCaT cells (30104 cells/well) were seeded onto coverslips in 24-well plates (Corning Costar) and incubated overnight. Cells were serum-starved for 6 hours, then incubated with Fluospheres carboxylate-modified red fluorescent microspheres (0.5 m diameter, Invitrogen) for 16 hours, when cells were treated with JT010 (1 M), HC-030031 (10 M), XVA-939 (10 M), UVA exposure (225 mJ/cm2) or UVB exposure (25 mJ/cm2). Cells were vigorously washed 3 times with cold PBS to remove microspheres that had not been internalized. Cells were directly harvested and measured the fluorescence intensity by flow cytometry. In addition, cells were fixed in cold 4% paraformaldehyde for 30 min, stained with Dio for 15 min, and observed by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Quantitative analysis was performed by counting the number of internalized microspheres in 100 cells per condition, which were randomly taken from 6 microscopic fields in three independent experiments.

Total protein was solubilized from cell lysates using RIPA buffer supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail. Protein concentration was measured using the BCA protein assay kit. A total of 40 mg proteins were electrophoresed in 8% SDS-PAGE gels and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes, and then were blocked in 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in Tris-buffered saline containing 0.1% Tween-20 (TBST) for 1 h. Subsequently, membranes were incubated with TRPA1, CaMKII, pCaMKII or -catenin antibodies (all diluted to 1:1000 with 5%BSA solution) overnight at 4, followed by horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (diluted to 1:2000 with 5%BSA solution) for 1 hour at room temperature. Finally, immunopositive bands were analyzed by enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) and visualized using Tanon 5200 software (China). Band quantification for three experiments was done using Image J software (USA).

Experimental procedures were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Dalian Medical University (AEE22013), and animal care followed the National Institute of Health guidelines on the care and use of laboratory animals. The dorsal skin of brown guinea pigs (7 weeks old, weighing approximately 500550 g) was divided into 3 areas, Control, Vehicle (33% poloxamer gel), XAV-939 (10 mM in 33% poloxamer gel). The corresponding areas were treated locally for 30 min every other day, and the UVB lamp was placed 15 cm above the guinea pig. The total energy dose of UVB exposure was 500 mJ/cm2 for 2 weeks. The L value was measured in each application area (automatically averaging 3 times per point) by the colorimeter (Thermo), which was used to evaluate the lightness of skin. Experimental areas of skin were biopsied, processed, and fixed overnight in neutral-buffered 10% formalin, and then embedded in paraffin. They were then applied to Hematoxylin Eosin (H&E) staining and Masson-Fontana (M&F) staining. M&F staining was performed according to the manufacturers instructions. The melanin granules were measured by Image J software. Quantitative analysis was performed by counting the positive stained areas of M&F staining in the epidermis, which were randomly taken from 5 microscopic fields in three independent experiments.

All data are presented as means standard deviation (SD), and the data are the mean values from at least three independent experiments. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0 software (San Diego, CA). Significant differences between the groups were performed using Brown-Forsythes test, Students t-test and one-way ANOVA with Tukeys post hoc test. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

To unveil the effect of UVA/UVB on the Ca2+ responses in HaCaT cells, the cells were processed with 225 mJ/cm2 UVA or 25 mJ/cm2 UVB (equivalent to 250 s of full sun exposure).12 In Figure 1A and B, the data from flow cytometry assay showed that the [Ca2+]ic had no change after treatment with retinal (the chromophore required for light activation of opsin G protein-coupled receptors)21 or UVA/UVB compared to the control group, respectively. Furthermore, the [Ca2+]ic was increased 102%/66%, respectively, after UVA/UVB exposure in comparison with the control group, when HaCaT cells were preincubated with retinal (Figure 1A and B, p < 0.001). To investigate the effect of TRPA1 on UVA/UVB-induced Ca2+ responses, HaCaT cells were transfected with plasmids to overexpress TRPA1 or treated with JT010 (1 M, a selective TRPA1 agonist), HC-030031 (10 M, a selective TRPA1 antagonist). As shown in Figure 1C, the [Ca2+]ic was significantly increased 70% after treatment with JT010 (p < 0.001), whereas pretreatment with HC-030031 decreased 35%/36% of the UVA/UVB-induced [Ca2+]ic, respectively (p < 0.01), in HaCaT cells. Besides, UVA/UVB exposure significantly increased 224%/232% [Ca2+]ic in HaCaT cells, which were transfected with plasmids overexpressing TRPA1 (Figure 1C, p < 0.001). Subsequently, HaCaT cells were loaded with Fluo4-AM, which showed fluorescence on binding with free calcium, and the fluorescence-positive areas were observed using a fluorescence confocal microscopy. The results of the fluorescence-positive area showed that exposure to UVA/UVB, treatment with JT010, or overexpressing TRPA1 enhanced the Ca2+ responses, but it was significantly decreased after treatment with HC-030031 in HaCaT cells (Figure 1D). These results indicated that UVR-induced Ca2+ responses were regulated by TRPA1 in HaCaT cells.

Figure 1 TRPA1 channels regulated UVA/UVB-induced Ca2+ responses in HaCaT cells. (A) Fluo-4 AM fluorescence intensity indicating calcium concentration was detected by flow cytometry in HaCaT cells after exposure to UVA (225 mJ/cm2) or UVB (25 mJ/cm2) with or without retinal preincubation (12 M). (B and C) Quantification of the fluorescence intensity at different treatments. Values are mean value of relative fluorescence intensity normalized to control from three independent tests SD. (D) Calcium imaging was observed by fluorescence confocal microscopy after treatment with UVA or UVB exposure, JT010 (1 M, TRPA1 agonist), HC-030031 (10 M, TRPA1 antagonist), or HA-TRPA1. (Fluo-4 AM, green fluorescence). (**p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).

To further explore the effect of TRPA1 mediated Ca2+ responses on UVR-induced keratinocyte phagocytosis, we detected the expression of phosphorylated CaMKII (pCaMKII) using Western bolt, and measured the fluorescent intensity and the fluorescent microspheres uptake by flow cytometry and confocal fluorescence microscopy. As shown in Figure 2A and B, the results showed that the ratio of pCaMKII/CaMKII was significantly increased 1.41-, 1.82- or 1.93-fold after treatment with JT010 (p < 0.05) or UVA/UVB (p < 0.001), respectively. However, the decline of the ratio of pCaMKII/CaMKII was observed in HaCaT cells after treated with HC-030031, and the fold decreases were 0.5 compared with the control group (p < 0.001) (Figure 2A and B). Furthermore, fluorescent microspheres (0.5 m, red) are often used as pseudo-melanocores to study keratinocyte phagocytosis,22,23 and the results showed that the fluorescence intensity was increased 82%/81% after UVA/UVB exposure compared with the control group, respectively (Figure 2C, p < 0.001). At the same time, the fluorescent intensity was increased 70% after treatment with JT010, but it was decreased 36% after treatment with HC-030031, in comparison with the control group (Figure 2C, p < 0.001). Moreover, the fluorescent microsphere uptake was increased 2.21-/2.00-fold after UVA/UVB exposure, as well as treatment with JT010 (2.92-fold) (Figure 2D and E, p < 0.001). The fluorescent microsphere uptake decreased 0.5-fold after treatment with HC-030031 compared with the control group (Figure 2D and E, p < 0.05). These discoveries above proved that TRPA1 regulated UVR-induced phosphorylation of CaMKII and the fluorescent microsphere uptake in HaCaT cells.

Figure 2 UVR-induced phosphorylation of CaMKII and keratinocyte phagocytosis was regulated by TRPA1 in HaCaT cells. TRPA1 channels promoted phosphorylation of CaMKII (A and B), (A) the protein levels of CaMKII and phosphorylated CaMKII (pCaMKII) were measured by Western blot in HaCaT cells, which were treated with UVA or UVB exposure, JT010 (1 M, TRPA1 agonist), HC-030031 (10 M, TRPA1 antagonist). (B) Relative protein levels of pCaMKII to CaMKII. Values are mean value of the ratio relative to control from three independent tests SD. (C) Quantification of fluorescence intensity indicating the uptake of fluorescent microspheres by HaCaT cells detected by Flow cytometry. Values are expressed as mean SD from three independent tests. (D) Fluorescent microspheres uptake was observed by fluorescence confocal microscopy, with red fluorescence indicating microspheres (0.5 m microspheres), and green fluorescence indicating cell membrane stained with DiO. HaCaT cells were treated with UVA or UVB exposure, or JT010 (1 M), HC-030031 (10 M). Scale bar: 50 m. (E) Quantification of fluorescent microspheres per HaCaT cell. Values are expressed as mean SD from three independent tests. (**p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).

To determine the effect of -catenin on UVR-induced phagocytosis mediated by TRPA1, we measured the expression of -catenin and observed the fluorescent microsphere uptake in HaCaT cells. The results showed that the expression of TRPA1 increased 1.28-/1.30-fold after UVA/UVB exposure in HaCaT cells, which were transfected with HA-TRPA1 plasmids compared to the control group (Figure 3A and B, p < 0.05). Subsequently, compared with the control group, the expression of -catenin increased 1.64-, 1.72-/1.68-fold after treatment with JT010, UVA/UVB exposure in HaCaT cells (Figure 3A and C, p < 0.05). Interestingly, when HaCaT cells were transfected with HA-TRPA1 plasmids, the protein expression of -catenin significantly increased 2.54-/2.49-fold after UVA/UVB exposure (Figure 3AC, p < 0.001). Moreover, the expression of -catenin significantly decreased 0.48-, 0.61-/0.45-fold in HaCaT cells, which were treated with XAV-939 (10 M, decreasing -catenin expression) alone, or before UVA/UVB exposure (Figure 3D and E, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the fluorescent intensity was decreased 44%, 37%/31% (Figure 3F, p < 0.001), and the fluorescent microsphere uptake decreased 0.32-, 0.27-/0.39-fold compared with the control group (Figure 3G and H, p < 0.001), when HaCaT cells were treated with XAV-939 alone, or before UVA/UVB exposure. These findings indicated that TRPA1 enhanced the protein expression of -catenin to promote UVR-induced phagocytosis in HaCaT cells.

Figure 3 TRPA1 enhanced the expression of -catenin promoting phagocytosis in HaCaT cells. (A) The protein levels of TRPA1 and -catenin were measured by Western blot in HaCaT cells, which were treated with UVA or UVB exposure, JT010 (1 M, TRPA1 agonist), or overexpressed with HA-TRPA1 respectively. (B and C) Quantification of TRPA1 and -catenin protein expression levels. Values are mean value of protein expression normalized to -actin and relative to control from three independent tests SD. (D) The protein levels of -catenin were measured by Western blot in HaCaT cells, which were treated with XAV-939 (10 M, decreasing -catenin expression) alone or before exposure to UVA/UVB. (E) Quantification of -catenin protein expression levels. Values are mean value of protein expression normalized to -actin and relative to control from three independent tests SD. (F) Quantification of fluorescence intensity indicating the fluorescent microspheres uptake was detected by Flow cytometry in HaCaT cells. Values are expressed as mean SD from three independent tests. (G) Fluorescent microspheres uptake was observed by fluorescence confocal microscopy, with red fluorescence indicating microspheres, and green fluorescence indicating cell membrane stained with DiO. HaCaT cells were treated with XAV-939 (10 M) alone or before exposure to UVA/UVB respectively. Scale bar: 50 m. (H) Quantification of fluorescent microspheres per HaCaT cell. Values are expressed as mean SD from three independent tests. (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).

To ascertain the effect of -catenin on pigmentation, we carried out the topical application of XAV-939 in vivo UVB-induced skin pigmentation guinea pig models. In the photograph of dorsal skin, XAV-939 (10 mM) showed depigmenting effects on UVB-induced skin pigmentation after 2 weeks of topical application, compared with the control and vehicle groups (Figure 4A). As for colorimetric measurements, the L value (skin lightness) significantly increased 17% and 16% in XAV-939 areas compared to control and vehicle groups (Figure 4B). The skin biopsy specimens were obtained from treated areas and were processed for light microscopy examination with H&E staining and M&F staining. The results showed no obvious changes of epidermal thickness in the control, vehicle and XAV-939 groups determined by H&E staining (Figure 4A). Furthermore, XAV-939 significantly reduced 69% and 70% the melanin granules revealed by M&F staining, which stains melanin granules as black, comparing with control and vehicle groups (Figure 4A and C). This result indicated that XAV-939 displayed a skin lightening effect on UVB-induced skin pigmentation in guinea pig models.

Figure 4 -catenin regulated the UVB-induced skin pigmentation on Guinea pig models. (A) Effect of -catenin on regulation of UVB-induced skin pigmentation in Guinea pigs. (A) Photographs of the lightening effect of XAV-939 (10 mM) on UVB-induced skin pigmentation. (B-C) H&E staining and M&F (Masson-Fontana) staining of biopsy specimens from the Control, Vehicle (33% poloxamer gel), or XAV-939 (10 mM in 33% poloxamer gel)-treated dorsal skin areas of brown Guinea pigs (200). (B) Quantification of L value was measured by colorimeter at the end of the experiment and values are expressed as mean SD from three independent tests. (C) Quantitative analysis of melanin granules stained by M&F. Values are expressed as mean SD from three independent tests. (***p < 0.001).

Melanocytes in the epidermis of skin synthesize melanosomes and transfer them to the nuclear area of approximately 36 surrounding keratinocytes under the stimulation of UVR in the sunlight, which causes skin pigmentation, severing as a photo-protecting mechanism.1 In the process of melanosome transfer, keratinocyte phagocytosis has recently been considered as a crucial section.24 Notably, a recent study suggested that melanocores (the melanin core devoid of surrounding membrane) were internalized by phagocytosis, whereas melanosomes (melanin core with intact surrounding membrane) were internalized by macropinocytosis in keratinocytes.25 In this study, we confirmed that UVR enhanced the phagocytic ability of keratinocytes, which was regulated by TRPA1.

As a Ca2+-permeable cationic channel, TRPA1 was reported to be activated by UVR and increased the [Ca2+]ic in human melanocytes.12 Our results identified similar findings in keratinocytes. Ca2+ is a key second messenger involved in the regulation of numerous cellular functions including adhesion, vesicular trafficking and cytoskeletal rearrangement.20 Calmodulin (CaM), a Ca2+ sensor protein, plays an important role in signal transduction pathways by binding with Ca2+.26 CaMKII is activated by the binding of Ca2+ saturated CaM (Ca2+/CaM) in an auto-phosphorylation manner.27 It is reported that CaMKII is a multi-subunit holoenzyme, which contains a kinase domain, an autoinhibitory/regulatory domain, an actin binding domain and an association domain.27,28 CaMKII possesses two kinds of functional activities including kinase activity and structural function. At basal status, the autoinhibitory domain masks the kinase domain, which inhibits the kinase activity. Meanwhile, the actin binding domain interacts with more than one filament that is composed of filamentous actin (F-actin), and bundles them together, to stabilize the F-actin of cytoskeleton.27 When Ca2+/CaM binds to the regulatory domain, the kinase domain is unmasked and the catalytic activity of the kinase is disinhibited. Once activated, CaMKII not only phosphorylates various substrates but also autophosphorylates itself at the autoinhibitory domain, turning into pCaMKII.27,29 In the meantime, autophosphorylated CaMKII dissociates from F-actin, which is subsequentially unbundled and remodeled by actin regulators, therefore contributing to the cytoskeleton dynamics.30 In the present study, it was demonstrated that UVR increased the [Ca2+]ic in keratinocytes, which was mediated by TRPA1. Moreover, TRPA1 regulated UVR-induced phosphorylation of CaMKII and keratinocyte phagocytosis. Thus, we assumed that UVR enhanced keratinocyte phagocytosis through TRPA1 mediated calcium signaling pathway. The possible mechanism might be that UVR activated TRPA1 and increased the intercellular Ca2+, which phosphorylated CaMKII by binding with CaM, accompanied with the remodeling of F-actin, facilitating phagocytosis in keratinocytes (Figure 5).

Figure 5 Schematic modulation of UVR-induced phagocytosis by TRPA1 in keratinocytes. TRPA1 is activated by UVR to increase the intracellular calcium, which promotes the phosphorylation of CaMKII, contributing to keratinocyte phagocytosis through the remodeling of F-actin. Moreover, TRPA1 activated by UVR increases the expression of -catenin to enhance keratinocyte phagocytosis through cell-cell adhesion and cytoskeleton dynamics.

Direct cellcell contact between MC and KC is a requirement for optimal melanosome transfer, which is accomplished by the adhesion ability of the cadherin-catenin complex, where -catenin binds to E-cadherin and interacts with -catenin.31,32 And -catenin bridges these components to actin cytoskeleton, which recruits and organizes actin filaments.33 Actin remodeling at the cell membrane for melanosome uptake and phagosome vesicular trafficking are key processes in keratinocyte phagocytosis.1,34 Previous studies on neuronal cells indicated that -catenin played a crucial role in the recruitment, localization and distribution of synaptic vesicles in synapses.35 And researches on skeletal muscle cells suggested that -catenin was involved in regulating glucose transporter 4 containing vesicles recruitment by interacting with cadherin to support cortical actin remodeling at the cell membrane, which provided the physical structure to facilitate the movement of vesicles within the cell.36 Previous work had also identified a role for -catenin and cadherins in actin remodeling to facilitate insulin vesicle trafficking in pancreatic -cells.36 Thus, these findings suggested that -catenin was a regulator of vesicle trafficking and acted as a signaling intermediate controlling actin remodeling in multiple tissues. In keratinocytes, it was demonstrated previously that UVB enhanced the protein expression of -catenin.37 In the present study, our results confirmed the increased accumulation of -catenin by UVR in keratinocytes and illustrated that the UVR-induced enhancement of -catenin was regulated by TRPA1. What is more, the alteration of -catenin regulated by TRPA1 affected UVR-induced keratinocyte phagocytosis. Therefore, we proposed that UVR interacted with TRPA1 increased the expression of -catenin which promoted keratinocyte phagocytosis, most likely by enhanced cellcell adhesion and cytoskeleton dynamics mediated by -catenin (Figure 5). In addition, our observations on UVB-induced guinea pig skin pigmentation suggested that the inhibition of -catenin possessed skin lightening effect in vivo, which indicated the therapeutic potential of -catenin for skin pigmentary diseases (such as melasma).

In conclusion, the data presented herein demonstrated that UVR promoted keratinocyte phagocytosis and skin pigmentation by TRPA1 channels. We speculate that TRPA1 is activated by UVR to promote the increase of intracellular calcium, which causes the activation of CaMKII to affect the remodeling of F-actin, contributing to keratinocyte phagocytosis. Furthermore, TRPA1 activated by UVR upregulates the expression -catenin to enhance skin pigmentation by cellcell adhesion and cytoskeleton dynamics. These findings suggest that TRPA1 may be a potential therapeutic target for UVR-induced skin pigmentary diseases.

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [No. 81773305 and No. 82073416].

The authors report no conflicts of interest in relation to this work.

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9. Hu F, Song X, Long D. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 and calcium: interactions and association with disease (review). Exp Ther Med. 2021;22(6):1462. doi:10.3892/etm.2021.10897

10. Naert R, Lopez-Requena A, Talavera K. TRPA1 expression and pathophysiology in immune cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(21):21. doi:10.3390/ijms222111460

11. Atoyan R, Shander D, Botchkareva NV. Non-neuronal expression of transient receptor potential type A1 (TRPA1) in human skin. J Invest Dermatol. 2009;129(9):23122315. doi:10.1038/jid.2009.58

12. Bellono NW, Kammel LG, Zimmerman AL, Oancea E. UV light phototransduction activates transient receptor potential A1 ion channels in human melanocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110(6):23832388. doi:10.1073/pnas.1215555110

13. Fu Y, Zhong H, Wang M-H-H, et al. Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells detect light with a vitamin A-based photopigment, melanopsin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102(29):1033910344. doi:10.1073/pnas.0501866102

14. Hinterhuber G, Cauza K, Brugger K, et al. RPE65 of retinal pigment epithelium, a putative receptor molecule for plasma retinol-binding protein, is expressed in human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 2004;122(2):406413. doi:10.1046/j.0022-202X.2004.22216.x

15. Yau KW, Hardie RC. Phototransduction motifs and variations. Cell. 2009;139(2):246264. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.029

16. Cui C, Wang C, Cao M, Kang X. Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases in leukemia development. J Cell Immunol. 2021;3(3):144150. doi:10.33696/immunology.3.091

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18. Shang S, Hua F, Hu ZW. The regulation of beta-catenin activity and function in cancer: therapeutic opportunities. Oncotarget. 2017;8(20):3397233989. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.15687

19. Ratheesh A, Yap AS. A bigger picture: classical cadherins and the dynamic actin cytoskeleton. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2012;13(10):673679. doi:10.1038/nrm3431

20. Nunes-Hasler P, Kaba M, Demaurex N. Molecular mechanisms of calcium signaling during phagocytosis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1246:103128.

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23. Cardinali G, Bolasco G, Aspite N, et al. Melanosome transfer promoted by keratinocyte growth factor in light and dark skin-derived keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 2008;128(3):558567. doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5701063

24. Goenka S, Simon SR. Novel Chemically Modified Curcumin (CMC) analogs exhibit anti-melanogenic activity in primary human melanocytes. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(11):11. doi:10.3390/ijms22116043

25. Moreiras H, Bento-Lopes L, Neto MV, et al. Melanocore uptake by keratinocytes occurs through phagocytosis and involves protease-activated receptor-2 internalization. Traffic. 2022;23(6):331345. doi:10.1111/tra.12843

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27. Hayashi Y Molecular mechanism of hippocampal long-term potentiation - towards multiscale understanding of learning and memory. Neurosci Res. 2021;175:315.

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31. Gates J, Peifer M. Can 1000 reviews be wrong? Actin, alpha-Catenin, and adherens junctions. Cell. 2005;123(5):769772. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.11.009

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UVR Promotes Keratinocyte Phagocytosis and Skin Pigmentation Through T | CCID - Dove Medical Press

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The biotechs all new neurorestorative approach aims to rebuild and replace lost brain cells in Alzheimers that underlies clinical symptoms.

On the back of the trial, the company plans to launch a world-first human trial in 2024.

The veterinary trial, led by Skin2Neuron and published this month in Stem Cell Research and Therapy, reversed the dementia-like syndrome that strikes down many older pet dogs with Alzheimers.

Dementia was reversed in more than half of the canine patients, with a clinically meaningful improvement in 80%. Typically, improvement lasted around two years.

Skin2Neuron champions its new approach as a ray of hope for Alzheimers disease: championing a completely different approach to the amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimers disease.

Our target is the ultimate cause of dementia: lost neurons and synapses. We do this by microinjecting a patients own HFN cells directly into the hippocampus, the brains memory center and first area to be devastated by Alzheimers, explains the company.

While its lead therapeutic target is Alzheimers, it says its technology also has potential to treat neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinsons disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and more.

A dogs thinking neocortex and hippocampus is similar to the human brain, says the company. Meanwhile, older dogs often develop a dementia syndrome similar to human dementia: becoming forgetful, irritable, lost, wandering around aimlessly, failing to recognize owners and experiencing disrupted sleep.

"Because of deep parallels between the canine brain and human brain, and canine Alzheimer's and human Alzheimer's, I started this trial 10 years ago with the assumption that if it's going to work in humans, then it needs to work in dogs first. And the results exceeded my wildest expectations, said co-founder Professor Michael Valenzuela.

"The hippocampus, the memory center of the brain, was packed with baby neurons and new synapses, precisely where we delivered the cells. Compared to untreated dogs, it was like night and day".

Microscopic analysis confirmed the dogs had classic Alzheimer pathology: meaning the cell therapy worked in the setting of natural disease, a first of its kind, according to the company.

"Given our doggie patients also had many of the same health issues that older people face, it gives me even greater confidence," said Valenzuela.

Study:Valenzuela, M., Duncan, T., Abey, A.et al.Autologous skin-derived neural precursor cell therapy reverses canine Alzheimer dementia-like syndrome in a proof of concept veterinary trial.Stem Cell Res Ther13,261 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-022-02933-w

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Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Collagenits the fountain-of-youth protein that makes skin smooth and plump by stimulating tissue growth. But as the body ages and slows down its own collagen production, many turn to supplements for a fix. The downside? Theyre usually made using animal bones, skin, and cartilage. Gross. Thankfully, vegan alternatives that boost our bodys natural collagen production or actually replicate the amino acids in animal-derived collagen are totally in fashion.

Collagen is a protein the body makes naturally that can be found in hair, skin, nails, and bones. The protein is vital for keeping bones strong and skin looking wrinkle-free, and as you age, your body naturally slows down the production of collagen. The much-buzzed-about beauty trend usually refers to the intake of animal-sourced collagen that typically comes animal bones, skin, and cartilage.

There are many ways to boost your bodys collagen by eating foods high in vitamin C, zinc, and copper. These nutrients can be found in foods such as beans, oranges, broccoli, and tomatoes. As demand for plant-based collagen grows, brands are stepping up to create completely vegan collagen using genetically modified yeast and bacteria. Other innovative brands like Geltor are also utilizing high-tech methods to create vegan collagen that will be more widely available in the future. Geltors Type 21 collagen begins with a set of microbes that naturally produce proteins, which are programmed to make collagen without sourcing it cruelly from animals. Its first protein product, Collume, launched in 2018 for use in skincare formulations.

In the meantime, weve rounded up six products thatll give you the best beauty bang for your buck.

Andalou Naturals

Using a first-of-its-kind, bio-designed vegan collagen from tech company Geltor, this nourishing eye cream boasts unparalleled improvement in skin moisture. Apply day and night to let the collagen, hyaluronic acid, and fruit stem cells work their magic to revitalize tired under-eyes.Learn more here

Pacifica Beauty

A mascara that keeps lashes looking thicker and healthier after taking it off may seem too good to be true, but not when vegan beauty brand Pacifica is on the case. Formulated with vegan collagen and plant-based fibers, this glossy, black formula is a must-have for your beauty bag.Learn more here

Moon Juice

For those looking to preserve their natural collagen, why not drink it with your morning cup o joe? With this three-ingredient coffee creamer, supple skin and minimized fine lines are just a sip away thanks to a powerful combination of rice bran, silver ear mushroom, and salt of hyaluronic acid.Learn more here

Follain

A concentrated blend of niacinamide, bakuchiol (a plant-derived retinol alternative), and a peptide complex work together to bring out smoother, firmer skin and tackle signs of aging in this velvety-soft serum. Layer under moisturizer every morning and night to reap the benefits.Learn more here

Carrot & Stick

With a powerful formulation of plant proteins, vitamins, amino-collagen, and alpine rose stem cell extract, this lightweight antioxidant moisturizer nourishes skin to help smooth lines and wrinkles without any unwanted sulfates, parabens, or phthalates.Learn more here

Sourse

Chocolate and beautycould there be a better combo? An infusion of skin-boosting collagen powder and detoxifying spirulina in this low-sugar, functional dark chocolate means were just two heavenly bites away from improved skin texture and elasticity.Learn more here

For more on vegan beauty, read:The VegNews Vegan Beauty AwardsThe 8 Best Vegan Hydrating Skincare ProductsThe 10 Colorful, Vegan Makeup Products for Summer

Aruka Sanchir(@ruukes) is the Beauty & Style Editor at VegNews who is always looking for exciting new vegan products to test out.

JUST LAUNCHED! Get our 10 Easy Vegan Summer Meals recipe book as a FREE instant download.

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What Is Vegan Collagen? And the 6 Best Products to Try - VegNews

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Reviewed by Sarah le Jeune, DVM, Dipl. ACVS, ECVS, ACVSMR, CVA, CVC

Classified among physical therapy/rehabilitation techniques, extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) remains an important tool for helping manage a variety of equine conditions/injuries.Issues amenable to ESWT in horses include, but are not limited to:

As you can see, this list primarily involves musculoskeletal conditions. Musculoskeletal injuries occur commonly in horses and all too frequently result in loss of use, early retirement, or even euthanasia. Combined with the fact that some injuries, such as lesions involving the superficial digital flexor tendon, have a propensity to recur despite extensive rest and controlled exercise programs,modalities such as ESWT continue to gain popularity in managing them.

Studies also support the use of ESWT in wound-healing. Many wounds affecting the lower parts of the equine limb heal slowly and often develop some degree of excessive scar (granulation) tissue, commonly referred to as proud flesh.

As with any intervention, seek your veterinarians advice prior to instituting therapy to avoid further compromising your horses well-being.

Described as both safe and effective, ESWT involves applying shock waves to an injured area of the body. Shock waves are intense but short energy pulses that travel so quicklya whopping 1,500 meters/ secondthey literally break the sound barrier. This is the same event that occurs when airplanes break the speed of sound, except in a much smaller format. The extracorporeal part of the name simply refers to the fact that the shock waves are generated outside the body.

A probe attached to a generator unit applies the shock waves directly to the injured region of the horse. Shock wave machines often have several probes capable of delivering shock waves to different tissue depths. This allows veterinarians to treat superficial injuries, such as wounds or lower limb tendons that are close to the skins surface, as well as deeper injuries, such as to muscles or back joints.

Veterinarians can adjust various settings on the shock wave unit to tailor the therapy to a horses individual needs. The three main settings vets must consider include:

Read more here:
Shock Wave Uses and Benefits The Horse - TheHorse.com

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

During a Targeted Oncology case-based roundtable event, Nelson Jen An Chao, MD, discussed risk management and treatment of patients with steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host-disease as well as chronic graft-versus-host disease.

Targeted OncologyTM: How do you stage and grade acute GVHD [aGVHD]?

CHAO: There are multiple ways of staging aGVHD. The Mount Sinai Acute GVHD International Consortium [MAGIC] has 2 staging systems, organ staging and overall clinical staging, which are based upon the most severe target organ involvement. The organ staging goes from 0 to 4 and its straightforward, focusing on the skin, liver, and upper GI [gastrointestinal] and lower GU [genitourinary]. It hasnt changed much; the main change in the last 10, maybe 15 years is the introduction of the upper GI GVHD, which includes nausea, vomiting, or anorexia. If you have those, youre at stage 1 and then the output is measured. It used to be just volume in the Glucksberg criteria in the past, but I think with the more current staging, the episodes are added into the GI staging as well.1

From the stage, the overall grade is developed, so grade 0 is none and then grade 1 is 2 skin symptoms without symptoms in any other organ. Grade 2 is skin symptoms with grade 1 symptoms of the liver or the gut, and so forth, and this gives one the ability to discuss GVHD staging and grading across trials.

[In 2012, investigators looked at a different system] to stratify the risk based on organ involvement and the number of organs involved. They looked at the grading of the organs of about 1600 patients and stratified based on standard vs high risk. For example, a single organ or just GI or liver with 2 organs was considered a standard risk. The high-risk group had very high single-organ magnification, like grade 4 skin, grade 3 to 4 GI, or grade 1 to 4 liver or 2 organs. If there are 3 organs, it is grade 1 to 3 of skin plus grade 3 to 4 of the gut or the liver. What they were able to do with this was by looking at this risk score, determine what the probability of response and probability to survival was.2

High-risk GVHD is associated with lower responses to steroids and higher treatment-related mortality. Standard-risk responders, both partial and complete responders, did much better than those at high risk. The probability of treatment-related mortality also is much higher for high-risk compared with standard-risk patients. This probably reflects the total amount of immunosuppression of these patients, as high-risk patients have a much more advanced-stage disease.

How do you approach treatment for a patient with steroid-refractory GVHD?

This patient has steroid-refractory resistance, which usually progresses within 3 to 5 days. If you dont get better within 5 to 7 days or after 20 days of immunosuppressive steroids, youre not improving as expected. Youre improving, but youre not much better. With steroid dependence, when you try to taper the patient, you get recurrence of aGVHD, and steroid intolerance is usually associated with unacceptable toxicity.3

The NCCN [National Comprehensive Cancer Network] has suggested agents for steroid-refractory GVHD. Ruxolitinib [Jakafi] is approved in the acute setting, but I think the key piece is clinical trials. We have lots of drugs, including alemtuzumab [Campath], and the approval for most of the drugs was based on studies with 30 patients in general that showed some response.In the chronic setting, ruxolitinib, belumosudil, and ibrutinib [Imbruvica] are approved.4

What is the evidence for using ruxolitinib in patients with steroid-refractory aGVHD?

Ruxolitinib is pretty good at inhibiting STAT signaling, which basically decreases the signaling of interferon and IL-17, both of which are proinflammatory cytokines. The phase 2 REACH-1 study [NCT02953678] enrolled 71 non-[randomly assigned] patients with aGVHD, who were treated with 5 mg ruxolitinib twice a day, and the primary end point was overall response at day 28.5,6

The overall response rate [ORR] at day 28 was 54.9%, with 26.8% achieving a complete response [(CR). On the whole,] the ORR was pretty good at 73% [CR, 56.3%]. The median time to response was 7 days [range, 6-49 days] and the duration of response [DOR], with more than 6 months of follow-up, was 345 days. There were [35] deaths [49.3%] and the nonrelapse mortality was fairly high at 44%, but the median OS [overall survival] for day 28 responders was not reached.7

These 71 patients went on to the phase 3 REACH2 study [NCT02913261]. This was a prospective randomized trial with 294 patients enrolled in a 1:1 randomization to ruxolitinib 10 mg twice a day or the best alternative therapy. Its an interesting design because the comparator included 10 different drugs [Figure7].

What were the results of REACH2?

[In the study,] you could use antithymocyte globulin, extracorporeal photopheresis [ECP], mesenchymal stromal cells, low-dose methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil [MMF], everolimus [Afinitor] or sirolimus [Rapamune], etanercept [Enbrel], and infliximab [Remicade]. The numbers of patients enrolled in any one of these best alternative therapies was essentially driven by the institutions which enrolled these patients.6

The primary analysis was done on day 28 and these were patients who had severe refractory aGVHD grade 2 vs grade 3 and 4 and [who were aged] greater than 12 [years]. They had myeloid engraftment, butwere excluded if they had active infections or severe organ failure, if they had failed prior allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant [HSCT] in the last 12 months, or if the disease had relapsed.

The study did allow for crossover, so if patients in the best alternative therapy group had not had a response by day 28 they could cross over to ruxolitinib. Then they looked at OS, event-free survival [EFS], and chronic GVHD [cGVHD].

The primary end point of the study was ORR at day 28, which was 63% for ruxolitinib compared with 39% in the control arm. Both partial responses [PRs] and CRs were higher with the ruxolitinib over the control arm, and durable responses were almost double for ruxolitinib [vs] the control on day 56 [odds ratio, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.43- 3.94; P < .001].8

When stratified by grade of disease, the odds ratios were significantly in favor of ruxolitinib. The odds ratio for the full analysis set was 2.64 [95% CI, 1.65-4.22]; for grade 2 it was [2.96 (95% CI, 1.30-6.76)], grade 3 was [2.15 (95% CI, 1.10-4.20)], and grade 4 was [3.76 (95% CI, 1.24-11.38)].8

The percentage of patients who lost response was much higher in the control groupover 40% compared with 10% to 15% in the ruxolitinib group. So patients taking ruxolitinib were much less likely to lose their response.8

Another interesting result was the shift in organ staging. Not every patient had a CR, but there was a shift to lower stages with ruxolitinib compared to the best alternative therapy. Overall, stage shifting downwards with ruxolitinib was better than [with] best alternative therapy.8

The failure-free survival [FFS] was quite significantly in favor of ruxolitinib. The percentage of patients without treatment failure was better with ruxolitinib [vs] the control. Obviously, this is not the answer to all of it and some patients are still failing therapy.8

Another cautionary point is that the toxicities are somewhat problematic with ruxolitinib. Thrombocytopenia is a known problem, and infections with CMV were perhaps a little higher than the control. But overall, the other adverse effects [AEs] were not very different between the 2 groups.8

Considering the REACH2 data, what do you use as first-line therapy for steroid-refractory aGVHD?

Ruxolitinib is an approved drug and I think its quite reasonable. I think many of us still have clinical trials ongoing or patients with steroid-refractory aGVHD, and if theres equipoise in the studies, the clinical trials could fall under the other section [of treatment decisions].

What are the therapeutic options for this patient?

The phase 3 REACH3 trial [NCT03112603] investigated the use of ruxolitinib in the chronic setting. The most remarkable part of this trial was the total number of patients: 329 patients enrolled with 1:1 randomization to 10 mg of ruxolitinib twice a day compared with best alternative therapy.

The best alternative therapies included ECP, low-dose methotrexate, MMF [mycophenolate mofetil], everolimus or sirolimus, infliximab, rituximab [Rituxan], pentostatin [Nipent], and imatinib [Gleevec]. The study did allow crossover to ruxolitinib after cycle 7, day 1, if the patient hadnt responded. The time for the initial response was 24 weeks, which looked at the overall response with CR plus PR, and the secondary end point was FFS and patients symptoms at week 24.9

What were the efficacy results of REACH3?

The response rates were higher for ruxolitinib, about 50% for ruxolitinib compared with 25% for the control on week 24. The best overall responses were 76% with both CRs and PRs compared with 60% with the best alternative therapy.9

The FFS was statistically significant for ruxolitinib, significantly better than the control arm, with the median FFS greater than 18.6 vs 5.7 months [HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.27-0.51; P < .001]. The DOR was also much better for ruxolitinib. The Kaplan-Meier median, estimating the probability of FFS at 6 months, was not reached for ruxolitinib compared with the control, which was 6.24 months.9

Are there other therapies to consider for this patient population?

In July of last year, the FDA approved belumosudil for [patients with] cGVHD after failure of at least 2 prior lines of systemic therapy. Thats the label indication, but the toxicity profile for the drug was significantly quite favorable and patients seemed to tolerate this very well. [These data are from] a randomized open-label trial with 65 patients.10

This [approval] was based on the ROCKstar study [NCT03640481], which was open label with 2 different doses at arm 1 with 200 mg a day and arm 2 with 200 mg twice a day. Theres no difference in the outcomes, so the recommended dose is once a day. The median time from cGVHD diagnosis was 25 months; 48% [of patients] had 4 more organs involved. The median number of prior lines of therapy was 3 and more than three-fourths [of patients] were refractory to the last therapy.11

There were clearly significant AEs for these drugs, but most would not make it difficult for the patients to tolerate this drug. Overall, it was quite well tolerated.

The ORR in the 200-mg arm was about 50% and the overall response occurring within the 12 months of therapy was quite high for these patients. FFS was 73% and the mean change was quite good, with about 50% of the patients improving. Overall, the clinically significant improvement from baseline was about 40% of these patients. So, good responses in a drug that was well tolerated.

REFERENCES

1. Harris AC, Young R, Devine S, et al. International, multicenter standardization of acute graft-versus-host disease clinical data collection: a report from the Mount Sinai Acute GVHD International Consortium. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2016;22(1):4-10. doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.09.001

2. MacMillan ML, Robin M, Harris AC, et al. A refined risk score for acute graft-versus-host disease that predicts response to initial therapy, survival, and transplant-related mortality. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2015;21(4):761-767. doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.01.001

3. Schoemans HM, Lee SJ, Ferrara JL, et al; EBMT (European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation) Transplant Complications Working Party and the EBMT-NIH (National Institutes of Health)-CIBMTR (Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research) GvHD Task Force. EBMT-NIH-CIBMTR Task Force position statement on standardized terminology & guidance for graft-versus-host disease assessment. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2018;53(11):1401-1415. doi:10.1038/s41409-018-0204-7

4. NCCN. Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), version 2.2021. Accessed April 23, 2021. https://bit.ly/3z4IyTn

5. Chao N. Finally, a successful randomized trial for GVHD. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(19):1853-1854. doi:10.1056/NEJMe2003331

6. Jagasia M, Zeiser R, Arbushites M, Delaite P, Gadbaw B, von Bubnoff N. Ruxolitinib for the treatment of patients with steroid-refractory GVHD: an introduction to the REACH trials. Immunotherapy. 2018;10(5):391-402. doi:10.2217/imt-2017-0156

7. Jagasia M, Perales MA, Schroeder MA, et al. Ruxolitinib for the treatment of steroid-refractory acute GVHD (REACH1): a multicenter, open-label phase 2 trial. Blood. 2020;135(20):1739-1749. doi:10.1182/blood.2020004823

8. Zeiser R, von Bubnoff N, Butler J, et al; REACH2 Trial Group. Ruxolitinib for glucocorticoid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(19):1800-1810. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1917635

9. Zeiser R, Polverelli N, Ram R, et al; REACH3 Investigators. Ruxolitinib for glucocorticoid-refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(3):228-238. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2033122

10. FDA approves belumosudil for chronic graft-versus-host disease. Updated February 1, 2022. Accessed May 11, 2022. https://bit.ly/3NuPIEJ

11. Cutler C, Lee SJ, Arai S, et al. Belumosudil for chronic graft-versus-host disease after 2 or more prior lines of therapy: the ROCKstar study. Blood. 2021;138(22):2278-2289. Published correction appears in Blood. 2022;139(11):1772.

Read this article:
Chao Discusses Stratifying and Treating Patients With Graft-Vs-Host Disease - Targeted Oncology

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

SALT LAKE CITY, June 23, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Myriad Genetics, Inc., (NASDAQ: MYGN), a leader in genetic testing and precision medicine, today announced a partnership with Epic, the industry leading healthcare software company, to integrate Myriads full line of genetic tests with Epics expansive network of 600,000 physicians and more than 250 million patients.

The integration creates a seamless, end-to-end workflow solution for healthcare providers to order Myriad tests and review results directly within their everyday Epic platform without additional steps or manual ordering processes. Epic enables a secure exchange of information between healthcare institutions that care for patients.

With the ability to review pertinent health information, order tests, and receive results natively in Epic, providers will have the critical genetic insights and related information they need to drive better health outcomes and improve the patient experience. Patients will also be able to easily access their Myriad test results and other health information directly within their EHR portal.

Simplifying the process of genetic testing by making it more accessible and interoperable with electronic health records is a key component of our mission to advance health and well-being for all, said Paul J. Diaz, president and CEO, Myriad Genetics. Our collaboration with Epic reflects our strategy to partner with other healthcare industry leaders so we can advance precision medicine together. Increasing access to genetic insights and integrating our tests into Epics vast network of healthcare systems represents a significant step forward to better serve patients and healthcare providers.

As part of its transformation and growth plan, Myriad is focusing on new customer-centric, tech-enabled tools to make the genetic testing process easier for patients and clinicians. With the recent launch of Myriads Precise Oncology Solutions, providers can now place a single order for multiple Myriad tests and receive timely results through a unified online portal. Now, through the partnership with Epic, Myriad is expanding efforts to help physicians and health systems gain access to genetic testing faster and conveniently within the platform they use every day.

Genetic testing and precision medicine save lives, said Alan Hutchison, vice president of Population Health at Epic. Through this relationship, were bringing genetic insights to the point of care at scale, giving providers and patients the information they need to make more timely, informed decisions.

Myriads integration with Epic is expected to go live later this year.

About Myriad Genetics Myriad Genetics is a leading genetic testing and precision medicine company dedicated to advancing health and well-being for all. Myriad develops and commercializes genetic tests that help assess the risk of developing disease or disease progression and guide treatment decisions across medical specialties where genetic insights can significantly improve patient care and lower healthcare costs. Fast Company named Myriad among the Worlds Most Innovative Companies for 2022. For more information, visit http://www.myriad.com.

Myriad, the Myriad logo, BRACAnalysis, BRACAnalysis CDx, Colaris, Colaris AP, MyRisk, Myriad MyRisk, MyRisk Hereditary Cancer, MyChoice CDx, Prequel, Prequel with Amplify, Amplify, Foresight, Precise, FirstGene, Health.Illuminated., RiskScore, Prolaris, GeneSight, and EndoPredict are trademarks or registered trademarks of Myriad Genetics, Inc. 2022 Myriad Genetics, Inc. All rights reserved.

Safe Harbor StatementThis press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements relating to the integration of the companys genetic tests with Epics network of physicians and patients and the expected timing of the integration; the companys growth plan to scale customer-centric, tech-enabled commercial capabilities with 600+ EHR integrations this year; the anticipated benefits of the integration, including that the integration will create an end-to-end workflow solution for healthcare providers to order Myriad tests and review results directly with their everyday Epic workflows, provide providers with critical genetic insights and related information they need to drive better health outcomes and improve the patient experience, and allow patients to easily access their Myriad test results directly from their EHR portal; and the companys strategic imperatives under the caption About Myriad Genetics. These forward-looking statements are managements present expectations of future events and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely from those described in the forward-looking statements. These risks include, but are not limited to: uncertainties associated with COVID-19, including its possible effects on the companys operations and the demand for its products and services and the companys ability to efficiently and flexibly manage its business; the risk that sales and profit margins of the companys existing molecular diagnostic tests may decline or that the company may not be able to operate its business on a profitable basis; risks related to the companys ability to generate sufficient revenue from its existing product portfolio or in launching and commercializing new tests; risks related to changes in governmental or private insurers coverage and reimbursement levels for the companys tests or the companys ability to obtain reimbursement for its new tests at comparable levels to its existing tests; risks related to increased competition and the development of new competing tests and services; the risk that the company may be unable to develop or achieve commercial success for additional molecular diagnostic tests in a timely manner, or at all; the risk that the company may not successfully develop new markets for its molecular diagnostic tests, including the companys ability to successfully generate revenue outside the United States; the risk that licenses to the technology underlying the companys molecular diagnostic tests and any future tests are terminated or cannot be maintained on satisfactory terms; risks related to delays or other problems with operating and constructing the companys laboratory testing facilities; risks related to public concern over genetic testing in general or the companys tests in particular; risks related to regulatory requirements or enforcement in the United States and foreign countries and changes in the structure of the healthcare system or healthcare payment systems; risks related to the companys ability to obtain new corporate collaborations or licenses and acquire or develop new technologies or businesses on satisfactory terms, if at all; risks related to the companys ability to successfully integrate and derive benefits from any technologies or businesses that it licenses, acquires or develops; risks related to the companys projections about the potential market opportunity for the companys current and future products; the risk that the company or its licensors may be unable to protect or that third parties will infringe the proprietary technologies underlying the companys tests; the risk of patent-infringement claims or challenges to the validity of the companys patents; risks related to changes in intellectual property laws covering the companys molecular diagnostic tests, or patents or enforcement, in the United States and foreign countries; risks related to security breaches, loss of data and other disruptions, including from cyberattacks; risks of new, changing and competitive technologies and regulations in the United States and internationally; the risk that the company may be unable to comply with financial operating covenants under the companys credit or lending agreements; risks related to the material weakness related to general information technology controls, including the impact thereof and the companys remediation plan, and its ability to achieve and maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting; risks related to current and future lawsuits, including product or professional liability claims; and other factors discussed under the heading Risk Factors contained in Item 1A of the companys Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 25, 2022, as well as any updates to those risk factors filed from time to time in the companys Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K. The reported number of physicians and patients in Epics network were provided by Epic.

See the article here:
Myriad Genetics Teams Up with Epic to Make Genetic Testing Accessible to More Patients with Electronic Health Record (EHR) Integration - GlobeNewswire

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

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IlluminaBGIGenesis GeneticsMyriad Genetics23andMe, IncColor Genomics IncPathway GenomicsARUP Laboratories

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Predictive TestingConsumer GenomicsWellness Genomics

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Breast & Ovarian CancerCardiovascular screeningDiabetic Screening & MonitoringColon CancerOther

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Global Predictive Genetic Testing And Consumer/Wellness Genomics Market Emerging Scope Of The 2022 | Illumina, BGI, Genesis Genetics, Myriad Genetics ...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

John Mascarenhas, MD: Welcome to this CancerNetwork presentation titled Expert Insights Into the Treatment of Myelofibrosis. Im your host, Dr John Mascarenhas. Im the director of the adult leukemia program and leader of clinical investigation within the Myeloproliferative Disorders Program at Mount Sinai in New York, New York. Joining me are Aaron Gerds, Raajit Rampal, and Srdan Verstovsek. Id like each of them to introduce themselves, starting with Aaron.

Aaron Gerds, MD: Hi. Thank you so much, John. Its a pleasure to be here with all of you. My name is Aaron Gerds and Im an associate professor of medicine and the lead for our patients with myelofibrosis and MPNs [myeloproliferative neoplasms] at the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center.

John Mascarenhas, MD: Thanks for joining us, Aaron. Raajit?

Raajit Rampal, MD, PhD: Hi, John. Its good to be here with everybody. Im Raajit Rampal. Im an associate member and the acting chief of leukemia service at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center [in New York, New York], and Im actively involved in investigations of clinical agents in MPNs.

John Mascarenhas, MD: Welcome, Raajit. Srdan?

Srdan Verstovsek, MD, PhD: Thank you, John. Hello, everybody. Its a pleasure to join. Im Srdan Verstovsek, a professor of medicine in the leukemia department at [The University of Texas] MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, where Im a director of the [Hanns A. Pielenz] Clinical Research Center for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms.

John Mascarenhas, MD: Thanks for joining us, Srdan, and thank you all for participating. We met a few months ago and discussed the myelofibrosis landscape at that time. Were going to talk about where we are now. Well review 2 patient scenarios, share our insights, and discuss recent updates in the treatment of patients with myelofibrosis. Lets begin.

How is myelofibrosis diagnosed? What are some of the challenges faced when diagnosing patients? How do you risk-stratify patients with myelofibrosis? Srdan, Ill ask you to start with this question.

Srdan Verstovsek, MD, PhD: The myelofibrosis diagnosis depends on a very good bone marrow sample. You need to have a bone marrow biopsy done. You cant do it without the biopsy. You have to show the involvement of the bone marrow with the disease. This is where we have the first challenge. Many times, the sample isnt very good. Even if its good, sometimes its confusing. In some patients, there arent too many fibers. There are some patients with no fibers, even when we [diagnose] them [as having] prefibrotic myelofibrosis.

A biopsy needs to be done, and you look at those fibers with different colors. You look at the percentage of the blasts, which are perhaps related to the aggressiveness of the disease, and you send the sample for analysis of chromosomes that have a prognostic importance, which Im going to talk about in a second. You combine this with the findings in the blood. You look at the blood cell count and anemia. You look at the left shift or look for leukoerythroblastosis, the presence of bone marrow cells in the blood. You look at elevation in chemistry, a test called LDH, lactate dehydrogenase. You look at the enlargement of the spleen. You look at the symptoms. You have criteria to fulfill, which would call for a clinician to put this together. Its a bone marrow finding with the chemistry, physical exam, and blood cell count that all comes down to whether theres myelofibrosis.

The difficulties include not only the sampling of the bone marrow but also combining all this. Genetic testing on JAK2, calreticulin, or MPL is part of the diagnostic process. That may not be available. The sample may be poor, or the sensitivity of the test might not be there and you have triple-negative disease where youre confused. Is this really myelofibrosis? Perhaps its MDS [myelodysplastic syndromes] with fibrosis. Differential [diagnosis] comes in. Expertise certainly counts when you have questions about fulfilling the diagnostic criteria.

Once youre done with diagnosis, you go to prognostication. You want to know who has a life expectancy of less than 5 years. Youd refer that patient to a transplanter to go through a transplant procedure if possible to save the patients life, because thats a justifiable procedure in that case. You would account for parameters, some of those that you got from the workup for diagnosis: degree of anemia, blasts in the blood, and symptoms. There are some others that would lead you to do more testing, NGS [next-generation sequencing] testing for the presence or absence of other nondriver mutations, including what I mentioned earlier about cytogenetic chromosomal analysis into prognostication.

There are a variety of prognostic scoring systems, 7 or 8 that are listed in the NCCN [National Comprehensive Cancer Network] guidelines, which you can applyfor the patients youre looking at, depending on the results of the different tests you may have. The goal is to identify patients who will do worse than others, to refer them to transplant.

John Mascarenhas, MD: Srdan, beautifully put together. Out of curiosity, which of the risk stratification tools do you typically use?

Srdan Verstovsek, MD, PhD: At the first visit, the simpler, old-fashioned onesIPSS [International Prognostic Scoring System] or DIPSS [Dynamic IPSS]are the rule because theyre simpler in the sense that youll look at the blast, basically blood count symptoms, and you dont need to have extensive genetic testing or chromosomal analysis done at the first visit. You dont even have those results. When you do the testing at the subsequent visit, you may be more precise by incorporating more complex prognostic scoring systems with those genetic or karyotypic abnormalities to enhance your prediction of the future.

Transcript edited for clarity.

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Diagnosis and Risk Stratification of Myelofibrosis - Cancer Network

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

In theAnimal Genetic Testing ServiceMarket study, the industry landscape is covered from driving factors to upstream markets and the overall state of the market. An in-depth analysis of the overall growth prospects for the global and regional market was provided in this study, which was based on an in-depth analysis of key industry players, primary and secondary data.

According to this latest study, the 2021 growth of Animal Genetic Testing Service will have significant change from previous year. By the most conservative estimates of global Animal Genetic Testing Service market size (most likely outcome) will be a year-over-year revenue growth rate of % in 2021, from USD million in 2020. Over the next five years the Animal Genetic Testing Service market will register a % CAGR in terms of revenue, the global market size will reach USD million by 2026.

This report presents a comprehensive overview, market shares, and growth opportunities of Animal Genetic Testing Service market by product type, application, key players and key regions and countries.

Moreover, it helps new businesses perform a positive assessment of their business plans because it covers a range of topics market participants must be aware of to remain competitive.

Report identifies various key players in the market and sheds light on their strategies and collaborations to combat competition. The comprehensive report provides a two-dimensional picture of the market. By knowing the global revenue of manufacturers, the global price of manufacturers, and the production by manufacturers during the forecast period of 2021 to 2028, the reader can identify the footprints of manufacturers in the industry.

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As well as providing an overview of successful marketing strategies, market contributions, and recent developments of leading companies, the report also offers a dashboard overview of leading companies past and present performance. Several methodologies and analyses are used in the research report to provide in-depth and accurate information about the Animal Genetic Testing Service market.

For a clearer understanding, it is divided into several parts to cover different aspects of the market. The aim of this report is to give people a better understanding of the market and to make them more apprehensive.

The Major Players in the Animal Genetic Testing Service Market include:

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The current market dossier provides market growth potential, opportunities, drivers, industry-specific challenges and risks market share along with the growth rate of the global Animal Genetic Testing Service market. The report also covers monetary and exchange fluctuations, import-export trade, and global market

status in a smooth-tongued pattern. The SWOT analysis, compiled by industry experts, Industry Concentration Ratio and the latest developments for the global Animal Genetic Testing Service market share are covered in a statistical way in the form of tables and figures including graphs and charts for easy understanding.

A thorough evaluation of the restrains included in the report portrays the contrast to drivers and gives room for strategic planning. Factors that overshadow the market growth are pivotal as they can be understood to devise different bends for getting hold of the lucrative opportunities that are present in the ever-growing market. Additionally, insights into market experts opinions have been taken to understand the market better.

By type:

By Application:

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The Animal Genetic Testing Service Market competitive landscape provides details and data information by players. The report offers comprehensive analysis and accurate statistics on revenue by the player for the period 2016-2020. It also offers detailed analysis supported by reliable statistics on revenue (global and regional level) by players for the period 2016-2020. Details included are company description, major business, company total revenue and the sales, revenue generated in Animal Genetic Testing Service business, the date to enter into the Animal Genetic Testing Service market, Animal Genetic Testing Service product introduction, recent developments, etc.

By Region:

Research Objective:

Some of the key questions answered in this report:

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With tables and figures helping analyse worldwide Global Animal Genetic Testing Service market trends, this research provides key statistics on the state of the industry and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.

Table of Contents:

1 Scope of the Report1.1 Market Introduction1.2 Years Considered1.3 Research Objectives1.4 Market Research Methodology1.5 Research Process and Data Source1.6 Economic Indicators1.7 Currency Considered

2 Executive Summary2.1 World Market Overview2.1.1 Global Animal Genetic Testing Service Annual Sales 2017-20282.1.2 World Current and Future Analysis for Animal Genetic Testing Service by Geographic Region, 2017, 2022 and 20282.1.3 World Current and Future Analysis for Animal Genetic Testing Service by Country/Region, 2017, 2022 and 20282.2 Animal Genetic Testing Service Segment by Type2.2.1 High Ce Type2.2.2 Middle Ce Type2.2.3 Low Ce Type2.3 Animal Genetic Testing Service Sales by Type2.3.1 Global Animal Genetic Testing Service Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022)2.3.2 Global Animal Genetic Testing Service Revenue and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)2.3.3 Global Animal Genetic Testing Service Sale Price by Type (2017-2022)2.4 Animal Genetic Testing Service Segment by Application2.4.1 Crystal2.4.2 Display Panels2.4.3 Flat Glass2.4.4 Optical Glass2.4.5 Consumer Electronics2.4.6 Others2.5 Animal Genetic Testing Service Sales by Application2.5.1 Global Animal Genetic Testing Service Sale Market Share by Application (2017-2022)2.5.2 Global Animal Genetic Testing Service Revenue and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)2.5.3 Global Animal Genetic Testing Service Sale Price by Application (2017-2022)

3 Global Animal Genetic Testing Service by Company3.1 Global Animal Genetic Testing Service Breakdown Data by Company3.1.1 Global Animal Genetic Testing Service Annual Sales by Company (2020-2022)3.1.2 Global Animal Genetic Testing Service Sales Market Share by Company (2020-2022)3.2 Global Animal Genetic Testing Service Annual Revenue by Company (2020-2022)3.2.1 Global Animal Genetic Testing Service Revenue by Company (2020-2022)3.2.2 Global Animal Genetic Testing Service Revenue Market Share by Company (2020-2022)3.3 Global Animal Genetic Testing Service Sale Price by Company3.4 Key Manufacturers Animal Genetic Testing Service Producing Area Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type3.4.1 Key Manufacturers Animal Genetic Testing Service Product Location Distribution3.4.2 Players Animal Genetic Testing Service Products Offered3.5 Market Concentration Rate Analysis3.5.1 Competition Landscape Analysis3.5.2 Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) and (2020-2022)3.6 New Products and Potential Entrants3.7 Mergers and Acquisitions, Expansion

4 World Historic Review for Animal Genetic Testing Service by Geographic Region4.1 World Historic Animal Genetic Testing Service Market Size by Geographic Region (2017-2022)4.1.1 Global Animal Genetic Testing Service Annual Sales by Geographic Region (2017-2022)4.1.2 Global Animal Genetic Testing Service Annual Revenue by Geographic Region4.2 World Historic Animal Genetic Testing Service Market Size by Country/Region (2017-2022)4.2.1 Global Animal Genetic Testing Service Annual Sales by Country/Region (2017-2022)4.2.2 Global Animal Genetic Testing Service Annual Revenue by Country/Region4.3 Americas Animal Genetic Testing Service Sales Growth4.4 APAC Animal Genetic Testing Service Sales Growth4.5 Europe Animal Genetic Testing Service Sales Growth4.6 Middle East and Africa Animal Genetic Testing Service Sales Growth

5 Americas5.1 Americas Animal Genetic Testing Service Sales by Country5.1.1 Americas Animal Genetic Testing Service Sales by Country (2017-2022)5.1.2 Americas Animal Genetic Testing Service Revenue by Country (2017-2022)5.2 Americas Animal Genetic Testing Service Sales by Type5.3 Americas Animal Genetic Testing Service Sales by Application5.4 United States5.5 Canada5.6 Mexico5.7 Brazil

6 APAC6.1 APAC Animal Genetic Testing Service Sales by Region6.1.1 APAC Animal Genetic Testing Service Sales by Region (2017-2022)6.1.2 APAC Animal Genetic Testing Service Revenue by Region (2017-2022)6.2 APAC Animal Genetic Testing Service Sales by Type6.3 APAC Animal Genetic Testing Service Sales by Application6.4 China6.5 Japan6.6 South Korea6.7 Southeast Asia6.8 India6.9 Australia6.10 China Taiwan

7 Europe7.1 Europe Animal Genetic Testing Service by Country7.1.1 Europe Animal Genetic Testing Service Sales by Country (2017-2022)7.1.2 Europe Animal Genetic Testing Service Revenue by Country (2017-2022)7.2 Europe Animal Genetic Testing Service Sales by Type7.3 Europe Animal Genetic Testing Service Sales by Application7.4 Germany7.5 France7.6 UK7.7 Italy7.8 Russia

8 Middle East and Africa8.1 Middle East and Africa Animal Genetic Testing Service by Country8.1.1 Middle East and Africa Animal Genetic Testing Service Sales by Country (2017-2022)8.1.2 Middle East and Africa Animal Genetic Testing Service Revenue by Country (2017-2022)8.2 Middle East and Africa Animal Genetic Testing Service Sales by Type8.3 Middle East and Africa Animal Genetic Testing Service Sales by Application8.4 Egypt8.5 South Africa8.6 Israel8.7 Turkey8.8 GCC Countries

9 Market Drivers, Challenges and Trends9.1 Market Drivers and Growth Opportunities9.2 Market Challenges and Risks9.3 Industry Trends

10 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis10.1 Raw Material and Suppliers10.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Animal Genetic Testing Service10.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Animal Genetic Testing Service10.4 Industry Chain Structure of Animal Genetic Testing Service

11 Marketing, Distributors and Customer11.1 Sales Channel11.1.1 Direct Channels11.1.2 Indirect Channels11.2 Animal Genetic Testing Service Distributors11.3 Animal Genetic Testing Service Customer

12 World Forecast Review for Animal Genetic Testing Service by Geographic Region12.1 Global Animal Genetic Testing Service Market Size Forecast by Region12.1.1 Global Animal Genetic Testing Service Forecast by Region (2023-2028)12.1.2 Global Animal Genetic Testing Service Annual Revenue Forecast by Region (2023-2028)12.2 Americas Forecast by Country12.3 APAC Forecast by Region12.4 Europe Forecast by Country12.5 Middle East and Africa Forecast by Country12.6 Global Animal Genetic Testing Service Forecast by Type12.7 Global Animal Genetic Testing Service Forecast by Application

13 Key Players Analysis

14 Research Findings and Conclusion

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Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Company Logo

Global Lung Cancer Genomic Testing Market

Global Lung Cancer Genomic Testing Market

Dublin, June 22, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The "Lung Cancer Genomic Testing Market - A Global and Regional Analysis: Focus on Product, Technology, Panel Type, Sample Type, and End User - Analysis and Forecast, 2021-2031" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The lung cancer genomic testing medicine market was valued at $1,262.0 million in 2020 and is expected to reach $3,279.8 million by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 8.97% during the forecast period 2021-2031.

The growth in the global lung cancer genomic testing market is expected to be driven by increasing awareness and adoption of the lung cancer genomic testing market, recent launches of novel lung cancer genomic testing, and the expanding research in the field of lung cancer with an emphasis on pharmacogenomics and development of companion diagnostics.

The global lung cancer genomic testing market is expected to be dominated by North America, generating the highest revenue of $713.5 million. This is owing to the presence of a large number of research organizations and products and services companies in the U.S.

Market Lifecycle Stage

The global lung cancer genomic testing market is still in the nascent phase. Various companies are increasing investments in research and development to facilitate the development of lung cancer genomic testing, which is expected to further increase the adoption of lung cancer genomic tests.

The shift of healthcare systems toward precision diagnostic and precision medicine will drive the adoption of lung cancer genomic testing facilitating informed treatment decision making and improving healthcare outcomes. Increasing recommendations by the international oncology societies for the use of genomic testing for lung cancer diagnosis provides major opportunities in the global lung cancer genomic testing market.

The presence of major in-vitro diagnostics (IVD) product providers of lung cancer genomic tests in regions such as North America and Europe has a major impact on the market. For instance, Qiagen provides therascreen Solid Tumor assays, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for EGFR detection in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Additionally, Roche provides Cobas EGFR Mutation Test, a PCR-based test, and FoundationOne CDx by Foundation Medicine Inc., which is a next-generation sequencing (NGS) based assay for NSCLC.

Story continues

The presence of major laboratory developed tests (LDTs) service providers companies offer lung cancer genomic testing in regions such as North America and Europe, which has a major impact on the market. The LDTs are offered by Quest Diagnostics and Laboratory Corporation of America (Labcorp), targeting various lung cancer genes, for example, EGFR, MET, ALK, and ROS, based on Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) and NGS. The presence of these companies has a positive impact on market growth.

Impact of COVID-19

The global lung cancer genomic testing market is dominated by the utility in diagnostic laboratories, hospitals, and clinics. During the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple countries witnessed a complete or a partial lockdown, and all elective surgeries and procedures were halted in the healthcare settings.

Since the lung cancer genomic testing is categorized under the elective procedure, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lung cancer genomic testing was negative. BIS Research analysis has concluded that the market witnessed a drop of 3.24% in the annual growth rate of global lung cancer genomic testing market.

Market Segmentation

Product Type (Products, Services)

The global lung cancer genomic testing market services segment is expected to be dominated. This is owing to the easy availability, accessibility, and adaptation of LDTs, due to lower cost when compared with the product's market consisting of IVD.

Technology (Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization, Others)

The global lung cancer genomic testing market by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is expected to be dominated. This is owing to the overall cost efficiency and high sensitivity of the PCR-based genomic test for the detection of disease-causing mutations in lung cancer.

Sample Type (Tissue Biopsy, Liquid Biopsy)

The global lung cancer genomic testing market by tissue biopsy sample type is expected to be dominated. This is owing to the standard healthcare practice of extracting a lung tissue biopsy for lung cancer diagnosis, which is further utilized for lung cancer genomic testing.

Panel Type (Multi-Gene Panel, Single-Gene Panel)

The global lung cancer genomic testing market by multi-gene panel type is expected to be dominated. This is owing to the standard healthcare practice and familiarity of healthcare professionals with the extraction of lung tissue biopsy for lung cancer diagnosis, which is further utilized for lung cancer genomic testing.

End User (Research Organization, Hospitals/Clinics, Diagnostic Laboratories, Other End Users)

The global lung cancer genomic testing market by research organization end user is expected to be dominated. This is owing to a large number of clinical research and academic organizations where lung cancer genomic testing is utilized for drug development, development of companion diagnostics, and enrolment of patients in clinical trials.

Recent Developments in Global Lung Cancer Genomic Testing Market

In December 2021, FDA approved Thermo Fisher Scientific's NGS-based companion diagnostic for EGFR Exon20 insertion mutant non-small cell lung cancer tumor tissue Oncomine Dx Target Test, now approved for 12 NSCLC targeted therapies globally.

In September 2021, FDA approved Thermo Fisher Scientific's tissue-based NGS companion diagnostic for Takeda's targeted therapy for NSCLC patients with EGFR Exon20 insertion mutations- Oncomine Dx Target Test now approved as CDx for five targeted NSCLC therapies in the U.S.

In September 2020, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings entered into a commercial partnership with Resolution Bioscience; the company rolled out Resolution ctDx lung liquid biopsy test.

In May 2021, Qiagen launched the first FDA-approved tissue companion diagnostic to identify the KRAS G12C mutation in NSCLC tumors and expanded precision medicine options in lung cancer.

In January 2020, Qiagen built a global collaboration with Amgen for companion diagnostic development in non-small cell lung cancer.

Key Market Players and Competition Synopsis

QIAGEN N.V.

Agilent Technologies, Inc.

Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.

Quest Diagnostics Incorporated

Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings

CENTOGENE N.V.

BGI

CeGaT GmbH

Illumina, Inc.

F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.

Abbott Laboratories

CD Genomics

NeoGenomics Laboratories

Admera Health

OncoDNA

OPKO Health, Inc.

Invitae Corporation

Veracyte, Inc.

Key Topics Covered:

1 Markets

2 Market Overview2.1 Introduction2.2 Global Prevalence of Lung Cancer2.3 Significance of Genomic Testing in Lung Cancer2.4 COVID-19 Impact on Lung Cancer Genomic Testing Market2.4.1 Disruption in Global Lung Cancer Genomic Testing Market: Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Market Analysis2.4.2 COVID-19 Affecting Supply Chain of Global Lung Cancer Genomic Testing Market2.4.3 Interruption in Research and Clinical Development and Commercial Operation2.4.4 Navigating Crisis Recovery and Looking to the Future

3 Industry Analysis3.1 Global Legal Requirements and Regulations3.1.1 Legal Requirements and Frameworks in the U.S.3.1.1.1 Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Regulation3.1.2 Legal Requirements and Frameworks in Europe3.1.3 Legal Requirements and Frameworks in Asia-Pacific3.1.4 Latin America (Brazil and Mexico)3.2 Patent Landscape3.2.1 Patent Filing Trend3.2.2 Patent Analysis by Country3.2.3 Patent Analysis by Technology

4 Market Dynamics4.1 Overview4.2 Impact Analysis4.3 Market Driving Factors4.3.1 High Lung Cancer Mortality Rate4.3.2 Advancements in the Next-Generation Technologies for Genomic Testing4.3.3 Increasing Number of Targeted Therapies4.3.4 Decreasing Cost of Genetic Testing Globally4.4 Market Restraining Factors4.4.1 Uncertain Regulatory Scenario for Genomic Testing4.4.2 Lack of Viable Tissue Biopsy Sample4.4.3 Uneven Reimbursement Scenario for Genomic Testing4.5 Market Opportunities4.5.1 Improving Global Recommendations for Lung Cancer Genomic Testing4.5.1.1 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Recommendations4.5.1.2 European Society of Clinical Oncology (ESMO) Recommendations4.5.1.3 Pan-Asia Clinical Practical Guidelines4.5.2 Rising Investment in Research and Development4.5.3 Emerging Economies

5 Competitive Landscape5.1 Key Strategies and Developments5.1.1 Synergistic Activities5.1.2 Regulatory Approvals5.1.3 Product Launches and Upgradations5.1.4 Mergers and Acquisitions5.1.5 Business Expansion5.1.6 Investment, Funding, and Joint Venture5.1.7 Market Share Analysis by Company5.1.8 Growth-Share Analysis by Company

6 Global Lung Cancer Genomic Testing Market, (by Product Type), $Million, 2020-20316.1 Overview6.1.1 Products6.1.2 Services

7 Global Lung Cancer Genomic Testing Market, (by Technology), $Million, 2020-20317.1 Overview7.2 Next-Generation Sequencing7.3 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)7.4 Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)/In Situ Hybridization (ISH)7.5 Others

8 Global Lung Cancer Genomic Testing Market, (by Panel Type), $Million, 2020-20318.1 Overview8.2 Single-Gene8.3 Multi-Gene Panel

9 Global Lung Cancer Genomic Testing Market, (by Sample Type), $Million, 2020-20319.1 Overview9.2 Tissue Biopsy9.3 Liquid Biopsy9.3.1 cfDNA9.3.2 ctDNA

10 Global Lung Cancer Genomic Testing Market, (by End User), $Million, 2020-203110.1 Overview10.2 Research Organization10.3 Hospitals/Clinics10.4 Diagnostic Laboratories10.5 Other End Users

11 Global Lung Cancer Genomic Testing Market (by Region), $Million, 2020-203111.1 Overview

12 Company Profiles12.1 Company Overview12.2 Role in the Global Lung Cancer Genomic Testing Market12.3 Key Competitors12.4 Key Customers12.5 Financials12.6 Corporate Strategies12.7 SWOT Analysis

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/ngy4vz

Attachment

Originally posted here:
Global Lung Cancer Genomic Testing Markets, 2021-2022 & 2031: Increasing Number of Targeted Therapies & Decreasing Cost of Genetic Testing...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Wilmington, Delaware, United States: Continuous developments in the biopharmaceutical field are projected to create profitable business opportunities in the global sterility testing market in the forthcoming years. Moreover, increase in the number of sterility testing performed by companies operating in the medical device manufacturing is estimated to play important role in market expansion.

Sterility testing refers to a set of activities that are performed to confirm that the products are microorganism-free. While performing these tests, aseptic conditions are maintained. Over the period of past few years, the healthcare and medicine industries have experienced substantial advancements. Moreover, a notable growth in the launches of new kits, reagents, and medical devices is observed in the recent past. These factors are estimated to create lucrative prospects in the global sterility test market.

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The global sterility testing market is being driven by several factors such as rise in the use of automated products, introduction of latest software that help in rapid analysis of data, and increasing participation of research institutes. Moreover, a surge in global population, increase in supportive healthcare insurance coverage, improved healthcare expenditure, and increasing cases of rare and chronic diseases are several key factors bolstering market growth.

Several key market players such as Sartorius AG, Merck KGaA, bioMrieux, Inc, and Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. are increasing investments in R&D projects, which are focused on the development of products that offer improved sterility testing techniques. Moreover, several companies are increasing efforts to introduce innovations in their existing products. At the same time, companies are also indulging in merger and acquisition activities. These factors are likely to propel the sterility testing market in the years ahead.

North America is one of the prominent regions in the sterility testing market owing to several factors such as launch of new biopharmaceutical firms, surge in the demand for sterility testing, and early adoption for advanced technology in the region.

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Sterility Testing Market: Snapshot

The sterility testing market is rising with increasing number of dental visits across the globe. The sterility testing market was valued over US$ 750.0 Mn in 2016 and is projected to witness cumulative annual growth rate (CAGR) of over 7.0 % from 2017 to 2025 to surpass the value of US$ 1500.0 Bn by 2025. The global market growth is attributed to increase in the demand for automated products, development of software to support rapid data analyses and growing involvement of research institutes etc.

Growth of the sterility testing market is attributed to rising population, technological advancements in rapid sterility test, increase in healthcare expenditure, favorable healthcare insurance coverage, rising prevalence of chronic and rare diseases. According to U.S. Department of Commerce the percentage of people covered by any type of health insurance increased by 1.3 percentage to 90.9 percent in 2015, up from 89.6 percent in 2014.

New product innovation, merger and acquisition for product development, government support for research and development are another factors which will fuel the global sterility testing market. Advances in technology in the past few years have enabled the development of new sterility test methods that yield accurate and reliable test results in less time and with less operator intervention than the currently prescribed methods. Strategic acquisitions have strengthened the market position of key players, leading to market consolidation. This is a major trend observed in the global sterility testing market. Moreover, collaborations among key market players enable them to expand their global reach.

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Sterility Testing Market: Segment outlook

The sterility testing market is broadly segmented into four categories based on product type, by application, by test type and by region. In terms of product type, the global market is categorized into kits and reagents, instruments and others. The kits and reagent segment accounted for the largest share of the global sterility testing market in 2016, and is expected to dominate the market in term of revenue during the forecast period from 2017 to 2025. Factors such as increase involvement of institute for research and development activity, requirement for repetitive purchase of kits and reagents and easy product affordability etc. are the accelerating the kits and reagent market.

The instrument segment is likely to register strong growth during the forecast period. In terms of application, the global market is categorized into biopharmaceutical manufacturing, medical devices manufacturing and others. Pharmaceutical manufacturing segment is dominating and highly growing segment. In terms of test type, the sterility testing is segmented into traditional sterility tests and rapid sterility tests. Traditional sterility testing is the most lucrative test type segment. Advantages such as low initial set up cost, time to return on investment is short to several month are the key factors accelerating the traditional sterility testing segment.

Sterility Testing Market: Regional outlook

Geographically, the sterility testing market is segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America and Middle East & Africa. North America dominated the global market and is projected to gain its market share by the end of 2025. This is due to establishment of new biopharmaceutical companies, rising demand for sterility testing, early adoption for advanced technology will fuel the North America sterility testing market. However, the market in Asia Pacific is projected to register a significant growth rate by 2025 due to growing R&D investment, increasing number of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies and rising demand for drug products in the region.

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The Asia Pacific market is expected to expand at a highest CAGR in the forecast period from 2017 to 2025 due to rising demand for drug products in the region. The rapidly growing pharmaceutical industry has also attracted the focus of public and private groups toward the safety profile of products, leading to increase in demand for sterility testing.

The companies like Merck KGaA, bioMrieux, Inc, Sartorius AG, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., accounted for the major share in global sterility testing market in 2016. bioMrieux SA is increasing investments in the industrial application segment to scale up the production capacity of its Craponne (France) and Lombard (the U.S.) facilities. Other global players operating in the market include Sartorius AG, Becton, Dickinson and Company and Rapid Micro Biosystems, Inc. Focus on research and development for expansion of product portfolio is the key strategy adopted by leading players.

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Sterility Testing Market: The Kits and Reagent Segment is Expected to Dominate the Market During the Forecast Period - BioSpace

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Smartphones, superglue, electric cars, video chat. When does the wonder of a new technology wear off? When you get so used to its presence that you dont think of it anymore? When something newer and better comes along? When you forget how things were before?

Whatever the answer, the gene-editing technology CRISPR has not reached that point yet. Ten years after Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier first introduced their discovery of CRISPR, it has remained at the center of ambitious scientific projects and complicated ethical discussions. It continues to create new avenues for exploration and reinvigorate old studies. Biochemists use it, and so do other scientists: entomologists, cardiologists, oncologists, zoologists, botanists.

Cathie Martin, a botanist at the John Innes Centre in Norwich, England, and Charles Xavier, founder of the X-Men superhero team: They both love mutants.

But while Professor X has an affinity for superpowered human mutants, Dr. Martin is partial to the red and juicy type. We always craved mutants, because that allowed us to understand functionality, Dr. Martin said of her research, which focuses on plant genomes in the hopes of finding ways to make foods especially tomatoes in her case healthier, more robust and longer lasting.

When CRISPR-Cas9 came along, one of Dr. Martins colleagues offered to make her a mutant tomato as a gift. She was somewhat skeptical, but, she told him, I would quite like a tomato that produces no chlorogenic acid, a substance thought to have health benefits; tomatoes without it had not been found before. Dr. Martin wanted to remove what she believed was the key gene sequence and see what happened. Soon a tomato without chlorogenic acid was in her lab.

Instead of looking for mutants, it was now possible to create them. Getting those mutants, it was so efficient, and it was so wonderful, because it gave us confirmation of all these hypotheses we had, Dr. Martin said.

Most recently, researchers at Dr. Martins lab used CRISPR to create a tomato plant that can accumulate vitamin D when exposed to sunlight. Just one gram of the leaves contained 60 times the recommended daily value for adults.

Dr. Martin explained that CRISPR could be used across a broad spectrum of food modifications. It could potentially remove allergens from nuts and create plants that use water more efficiently.

I dont claim that what we did with vitamin D will solve any food insecurity problems, Dr. Martin said, but its just a good example. People like to have something that they can hang on to, and this is there. Its not a promise.

Infectious Disease

Christian Happi, a biologist who directs the African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases in Nigeria, has spent his career developing methods to detect and contain the spread of infectious diseases that spread to humans from animals. Many of the existing ways to do so are costly and inaccurate.

For instance, in order to perform a polymerase chain reaction, or PCR, test, you need to go extract RNA, have a machine thats $60,000 and hire someone who is specially trained, Dr. Happi said. Its both costly and logistically implausible to take this kind of testing to most remote villages.

Recently, Dr. Happi and his collaborators used CRISPR-Cas13a technology (a close relative of CRISPR-Cas9) to detect diseases in the body by targeting genetic sequences associated with pathogens. They were able to sequence the SARS-CoV-2 virus within a couple of weeks of the pandemic arriving in Nigeria and develop a test that required no on-site equipment or trained technicians just a tube for spit.

If youre talking about the future of pandemic preparedness, thats what youre talking about, Dr. Happi said. Id want my grandmother to use this in her village.

The CRISPR-based diagnostic test functions well in the heat, is quite easy to use and costs one-tenth of a standard PCR test. Still, Dr. Happis lab is continually assessing the accuracy of the technology and trying to persuade leaders in the African public health systems to embrace it.

He called their proposal one that is cheaper, faster, that doesnt require equipment and can be pushed into the remotest corners of the continent. This would allow Africa to occupy what I call its natural space.

Hereditary Illness

In the beginning there was zinc finger nuclease.

That was the gene-editing tool that Gang Bao, a biochemical engineer at Rice University, first used to try to treat sickle cell disease, an inherited disorder marked by misshapen red blood cells. It took Dr. Baos lab more than two years of development, and then zinc finger nuclease would successfully cut the sickle cell sequence only around 10 percent of the time.

Another technique took another two years and was only slightly more effective. And then, in 2013, soon after CRISPR was used to successfully edit genes in living cells, Dr. Baos team changed tack again.

From the beginning to having some initial results, CRISPR took us like a month, Dr. Bao said. The method successfully cut the target sequence around 60 percent of the time. It was easier to make and more effective. It was just amazing, he said.

The next challenge was to determine the side effects of the process. That is, how did CRISPR affect genes that werent being purposefully targeted? After a series of experiments in animals, Dr. Bao was convinced that the method would work for humans. In 2020 the Food and Drug Administration approved a clinical trial, led by Dr. Matthew Porteus and his lab at Stanford University, that is ongoing. And there is also hope that with CRISPRs versatility, it might be used to treat other hereditary diseases. At the same time, other treatments that have not relied on gene editing have had success for sickle cell.

Dr. Bao and his lab are still trying to determine all the secondary and tertiary effects of using CRISPR. But Dr. Bao is optimistic that a safe and effective gene-editing treatment for sickle cell will be available soon. How soon? I think another three to five years, he said, smiling.

Cardiology

It is hard to change someones heart. And thats not just because we are often stubborn and stuck in our ways. The heart generates new cells at a much slower rate than many other organs. Treatments that are effective in other parts of the human anatomy are much more challenging with the heart.

It is also hard to know what is in someones heart. Even when you sequence an entire genome, there are often a number of segments that remain mysterious to scientists and doctors (called variants of uncertain significance). A patient might have a heart condition, but theres no way to tie it definitively back to their genes. You are stuck, said Dr. Joseph Wu, director of the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute. So traditionally we would just wait and tell the patient we dont know whats going on.

But over the past couple of years, Dr. Wu has been using CRISPR to see what kind of effects the presence and absence of these befuddling sequences have on heart cells, simulated in his lab with induced pluripotent stem cells generated from the blood. By cutting out particular genes and observing the effects, Dr. Wu and his collaborators have been able to draw links between the DNA of individual patients and heart disease.

It will be a long time before these diseases can be treated with CRISPR, but diagnosis is a first step. I think this is going to have a big impact in terms of personalized medicine, said Dr. Wu, who mentioned that he found at least three variants of uncertain significance when he got his own genome sequenced. What do these variants mean for me?

Sorghum is used in bread, alcohol and cereal all over the world. But it hasnt been commercially engineered to the same degree as wheat or corn, and, when processed, it often isnt as tasty.

Karen Massel, a biotechnologist at the University of Queensland in Australia, saw quite a bit of room for improvement when she first started studying the plant in 2015. And because millions of people eat sorghum worldwide, if you make a small change you can have a huge impact, she said.

She and her colleagues have used CRISPR to try to make sorghum frost tolerant, to make it heat tolerant, to lengthen its growth period, to change its root structure we use gene editing across the board, she said.

Not only could this lead to more delicious and healthier cereal, but it could also make the plants more resistant to the changing climate, she said. But it is still no small task to accurately edit the genomes of crops with CRISPR.

Half the genes that we knock out, we just have no idea what they do, Dr. Massel said. The second we try to get in there and play God, we realize were a bit out of our depth. But, using CRISPR combined with more traditional breeding techniques, Dr. Massel is optimistic, despite being a self-described pessimist. And she hopes that further advances will lead to commercializing gene-edited foods, making them more accessible and more acceptable.

In 2012, a 6-year-old girl was suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Chemotherapy had been unsuccessful, and the case was too advanced for a bone-marrow transplant. There didnt seem to be any other options, and the girls physicians told her parents to go back home.

Instead, they went to the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, where doctors used an experimental treatment called chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy to turn the girls white blood cells against the cancer. Ten years later, the girl is cancer free.

Since then, Dr. Carl June, a medical professor at the University of Pennsylvania who helped develop CAR T-cell therapy, and his collaborators, including Dr. Ed Stadtmauer, a hematologist-oncologist at Penn Medicine, have been working to improve it. That includes using CRISPR, which is the simplest and most accurate tool to edit T-cells outside the body. Dr. Stadtmauer, who specializes in dealing with various types of blood and lymph system cancers, said that the last decade or so has just seen a revolution of treatment of these diseases; its been rewarding and exciting.

Over the past couple of years, Dr. Stadtmauer helped run a clinical trial in which T-cells that underwent significant CRISPR editing were inserted into patients with treatment-resistant cancers. The results were promising.

Nine months into the trial the edited T-cells had not been rejected by the patients immune systems and were still present in the blood. The real benefit is that scientists now know that CRISPR-aided treatments are possible.

Even though its really sort of science fiction-y biochemistry and science, the reality is that the field has moved tremendously, Dr. Stadtmauer said. He added that he was less excited by the science than how useful CRISPR had become. Every day I see maybe 15 patients who need me, he said. Thats what motivates me.

More:
The Many Uses of CRISPR: Scientists Tell All - The New York Times

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Over the last several decades, genetic research has seen incredible advances in gene sequencing technologies. In 2004, scientists completed the Human Genome Project, an ambitious project to sequence the human genome, which cost $3 billion and took 10 years. Now, a person can get their genome sequenced for less than $1,000 and within about 24 hours.

Scientists capitalized on these advances by sequencing everything from the elusive giant squid to the Ethiopian eggplant. With this technology came promises of miraculous breakthroughs: all diseases would be cured and world hunger would be a thing of the past.

So, where are these miracles?

We need about 60 to 70% more food production by 2050.

In 2015, a group of researchers founded Yield10 Bioscience, an agriculture biotech company that aimed to use artificial intelligence to start making those promises into reality.

Two things drove the development of Yield10 Bioscience.

One, obviously, [the need for] global food security: we need about 60 to 70% more food production by 2050, explained Dr. Oliver Peoples, CEO of Yield10 Bioscience, in an interview with Freethink. And then, of course, CRISPR.

It turns out that having the tools to sequence DNA is only step one of manufacturing the miracles we were promised.

The second step is figuring out what a sequence of DNA actually does. In other words, its one thing to discover a gene, and it is another thing entirely to discover a genes role in a specific organism.

In order to do this, scientists manipulate the gene: delete it from an organism and see what functions are lost, or add it to an organism and see what is gained. During the early genetics revolution, although scientists had tools to easily and accurately sequence DNA, their tools to manipulate DNA were labor-intensive and cumbersome.

Its one thing to discover a gene, and it is another thing entirely to discover a genes role in a specific organism.

Around 2012, CRISPR technology burst onto the scene, and it changed everything. Scientists had been investigating CRISPR a system that evolved in bacteria to fight off viruses since the 80s, but it took 30 years for them to finally understand how they could use it to edit genes in any organism.

Suddenly, scientists had a powerful tool that could easily manipulate genomes. Equipped with DNA sequencing and editing tools, scientists could complete studies that once took years or even decades in mere months.

Promises of miracles poured back in, with renewed vigor: CRISPR would eliminate genetic disorders and feed the world! But of course, there is yet another step: figuring out which genes to edit.

Over the last couple of decades, researchers have compiled databases of millions of genes. For example, GenBank, the National Institute of Healths (NIH) genetic sequence database, contains 38,086,233 genes, of which only tens of thousands have some functional information.

For example, ARGOS is a gene involved in plant growth. Consequently, it is a very well-studied gene. Scientists found that genetically engineering Arabidopsis, a fast-growing plant commonly used to study plant biology, to express lots of ARGOS made the plant grow faster.

Dozens of other plants have ARGOS (or at least genes very similar to it), such as pineapple, radish, and winter squash. Those plants, however, are hard to genetically manipulate compared to Arabidopsis. Thus, ARGOSs function in crops in general hasnt been as well studied.

The big crop companies are struggling to figure out what to do with CRISPR.

CRISPR suddenly changed the landscape for small groups of researchers hoping to innovate in agriculture. It was an affordable technology that anyone could use but no one knew what to do with it. Even the largest research corporations in the world dont have the resources to test all the genes that have been identified.

I think if you talk to all the big crop companies, theyve all got big investments in CRISPR. And I think theyre all struggling with the same question, which is, This is a great tool. What do I do with it? said Dr. Peoples.

The algorithm can identify genes that act at a fundamental level in crop metabolism.

The holy grail of crop science, according to Dr. Peoples, would be a tool that could identify three or four genetic changes that would double crop production for whatever youre growing.

With CRISPR, those changes could be made right now. However, there needs to be a way to identify those changes, and that information is buried in the massive databases.

To develop the tool that can dig them out, Dr. Peoples team merged artificial intelligence with synthetic biology, a field of science that involves redesigning organisms to have useful new abilities, such as increasing crop yield or bioplastic production.

This union created Gene Ranking Artificial Intelligence Network (GRAIN), an algorithm that evaluates scientific databases like GenBank and identifies genes that act at a fundamental level in crop metabolism.

That fundamental level aspect is one of the keys to GRAINs long-term success. It identifies genes that are common across multiple crop types, so when a powerful gene is identified, it can be used across multiple crop types.

For example, using the GRAIN platform, Dr. Peoples and his team identified four genes that may significantly impact seed oil content in Camelina, a plant similar to rapeseed (true canola oil). When the researchers increased the activity of just one of those genes via CRISPR, the plants had a 10% increase in seed oil content.

Its not quite a miracle yet, but with more advances in gene editing and AI happening all the time, the promises of the genetic revolution are finally starting to pay off.

Wed love to hear from you! If you have a comment about this article or if you have a tip for a future Freethink story, please email us attips@freethink.com.

Continued here:
How artificial intelligence is boosting crop yield to feed the world - Freethink

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Data Bridge Market Research analyses a growth rate in the global clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) market in the forecast period 2022-2029. The expected CAGR of global bone marrow biopsy market is tend to be around 10.7% in the mentioned forecast period. The market was valued at USD 762.39 million in 2021, and it would grow upto USD 1719.33 million by 2029. In addition to the market insights such as market value, growth rate, market segments, geographical coverage, market players, and market scenario, the market report curated by the Data Bridge Market Research team also includes in-depth expert analysis, patient epidemiology, pipeline analysis, pricing analysis, and regulatory framework.

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TopCompaniesin Global Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) Market Report:

Applied StemCell (US), Agilant Technologies Inc. (US), Synthego (US), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc (US), GenScript (US), Addgene (US), Merck KGaA (Germany), Intellia Therapeutics, Inc (US), Cellectis (France), Precision Biosciences (US), Caribou Biosciences, Inc (US), Transposagen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc (US), OriGene Technologies, Inc (US), Novartis AG (Switzerland), New England Biolabs Ltd. (UK)

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Regional Analysis

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The persuasive Global Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) Market marketing report provides top to bottom examination of the market as far as income and developing business sector is concerned. This business report displays systemic company profiles which illustrate how the moves of several key players and brands are driving the market. It also covers predictions regarding reasonable arrangement of uncertainties and latest techniques. The report also performs study on the market drivers and market restraints which are derived from SWOT analysis. The large scaleGlobal Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) Marketmarket report considers wide scope that takes into account market scenarios, comparative pricing between major players, expenditure and profit of the specified market regions.

Under the topic of market segmentation, research and analysis is carried out based on application, vertical, deployment model, end user, and geography. Besides, competitive analysis assists to get ideas about the strategies of key players in the market via theGlobal Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) Marketmarket document. Few of these strategies can be listed as; new product launches, expansions, agreements, partnerships, joint ventures, acquisitions, and others that help to broaden their footprints in the HEALTHCARE industry. The market share of key competitors on worldwide level is studied where main regions such as Europe, North America, Asia Pacific and South America are tackled in the universalGlobal Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) Marketmarket survey report.

Highlights of TOC: Global Global Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) Market Market

1 Global Global Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) Market Market Overview

2 Global Global Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) Market Market Competitions by Manufacturers

3 Global Global Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) Market Capacity, Production, Revenue (Value) by Region (2022-2029

4 Global Global Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) Market Supply (Production), Consumption, Export, Import by Region (2022-2029)

5 Global Global Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) Market Production, Revenue (Value), Price Trend by Type

6 Global Global Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) Market Market Analysis by Application

7 Global Global Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) Market Manufacturers Profiles/Analysis

8 Global Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) Market Manufacturing Cost Analysis

9 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers

10 Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders

11 Market Effect Factors Analysis

12 Global Global Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) Market Market Forecast (2022-2029)

13 Research Findings and Conclusion

14 Appendix

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Goals and objectives of the Global Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) Market Market Study

This Global Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) Market Market Research/analysis Report Focus on following important aspects:

Key questions answered in the report:

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Original post:
Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) Market Size, Top Leading Countries, Companies, Consumption, Drivers, Trends,...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith