The field of health science bridges the gap between scientific discoveries and the application of this knowledge to improve the quality of life.

The Department of Health Science offers undergraduate degree programs in health science, with concentrations in community health and/or school health.

The Towson University Health Science Department has received national recognition from the American Association for Health Education for Initial Preparation of Health Educators

The Department contributes to the focus of the comprehensive university through its provision of multi-disciplinary content, facilitation of students certification in relevant professions and professional organizations, and exposure of its students to issues addressed within health science.

Several graduate programs are available, including the Master of Science degree in health science with concentrations in administration, community health education and school health education.

Department of Health Science Linthicum Hall, Room 101

Hours: MondayFriday, 8:30 a.m.5 p.m.

Phone: 410-704-2637 Fax: 410-704-4670

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Department of Health Science - College of Health Professions ...

Recommendation and review posted by sam

Bachelor's of science (BS)- health sciences degree programs can serve as a springboard for graduate work in a specific health-related field or lead to various occupations in the health field.

This 4-year degree program can serve as a springboard for graduate work in a specific health-related field or lead to various occupations in the health field. Several public and private universities and colleges offer these B.S. degrees in health sciences that may also include fieldwork training for hands-on experience. Concentrations are available in several fields. Applicants typically only need a high school diploma; however, degree completion programs that require an associate's degree are also available.

In a health sciences bachelor's degree program, students can gain broad knowledge about the health field by studying natural and social sciences, mathematics, professional development and humanities. Students also study issues within the healthcare industry, such as policy, healthcare operations and medical ethics.

Because health sciences incorporate a vast field, some B.S. in Health Sciences programs allow students to select a concentration, such as pre-physical therapy or environmental health. Earning a certificate in a health specialty is another way some programs allow students to customize their education to meet their career goals. Internship opportunities are often available to provide students with professional experience. Topics in a program may include:

A Bachelor of Science in Health Sciences prepares graduates for a broad range of health careers, including management and leadership roles. Programs may prepare students to work as:

Medical and health service managers, for instance, earn a median annual income of $92,810, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) in May 2014. Employment growth is expected to be much faster than average during the 2012-2022 decade, with a 23% increase in jobs projected (www.bls.gov).

Graduates can continue their health sciences studies further in a Master of Health Sciences program or a doctoral program. A master's program typically requires students to select a health specialty, in which they complete advanced coursework and conduct research. Doctoral degrees are offered as a Doctor of Health Science and a Doctor of Philosophy in Health Science. They are geared toward individuals pursuing advanced clinical positions or who want to work as clinical researchers or postsecondary teachers.

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Bachelor of Science (BS): Health Sciences Degree Overview

Recommendation and review posted by sam

Public Health

Vickie Krenz, Chair McLane Hall, Room 184 559.278.4014 http://www.fresnostate.edu/publichealth

BS in Health Science - Community Health Option, B.S. BS in Health Science - Health Administration Option, B.S. BS in Health Science - Environmental/Occupational Health & Safety Option, B.S. MN in Public Health, Minor MPH in Public Health - Health Promotion Option, M.P.H.

The Bachelor of Science in Health Science and the Master of Public Health degrees are designed to prepare students for careers with official and voluntary health agencies at the federal, state, or local levels of government as well as the private sector.

The Master of Public Health degree is designed for individuals seeking a professional degree in public health. This degree is recognized throughout the world and is fully accredited by the Council of Education for Public Health (CEPH). The MPH program is under probationary accreditation until 2012.

The Department of Public Health offers curricula based on principles of public health practices leading to a Bachelor of Science degree, including a major and minor in health science with options in community health, environmental/occupational health and safety, and health administration.

The mission of the program is to prepare public health professionals for leadership roles in the fields of health policy and management and health promotion so that they may contribute to the process of improving the health of communities located within the San Joaquin Valley, California, and the southwest. This mission is fulfilled by attaining several program goals which address on a partnership basis the health needs of the ethnically and socioeconomically diverse populations living in the San Joaquin Valley and the southwest. Coursework for the Master of Public Health (MPH) is varied and designed to provide the maximum opportunity for problem-solving approaches to the complex issues in the operation, environment, and human factors confronting the health care systems.

Units: 3, Repeatable up to 999 units

The course reflects both environmental and ecological perspective of waste dumping within the minority community. The course will give students an opportunity to analyze, compare and contrast differenct environmental issues facing the community and suggest methods and ways of evaluating these problems.

Units: 1, Repeatable up to 99 units

National Safety Council First Responder and Emergency Care course. Priorities of care, injuries, medical emergencies, crisis intervention, and casualty incidents. Includes bleeding, shock, fractures, poisoning, emergency childbirth, CPR Certification for meeting requirements. (2 lecture, 2 lab hours)

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Fall, Spring

Prepares individuals to render pre-hospital basic life support during transport or within a hospital. Upon completion, students will receive a certificate allowing them to take the National Registry test. Upon passing the test, EMT certification is granted.

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Spring

Significance of basic health problems applicable to the young adult and to society. G.E. Breadth E1.

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Fall, Spring GE Area: E1

Physiological, psychological, social, cultural, and developmental considerations for lifelong understanding related to sexuality. G.E. Breadth E1. (Formerly H S 124)

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Fall, Spring GE Area: E1

Prerequisites: Students must take the ELM exam; students who do not pass the exam must record a grade of C or better in a college-taught intermediate algebra course. Introduction to descriptive and inferential statistics as applied to evaluation and research in allied health. Central tendency and dispersion; central limit theorem; hypothesis testing; ANOVA; correlation, nonparametric methods. Interpretations of public health statistics. (3 lecturer hours)

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Fall, Spring

Public health services as they affect the community; investigation and analysis of community health problems.

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Fall, Spring

Prerequisite: G.E. Foundation and Area D. Prerequisite: PH 90. Influence of culture on health and disease; relevant health issues of cultural and ethnic groups; alternative healing and holistic health; role of international health organizations; health problems on a world scale. History and evaluation of programs of international health organizations; health problems on a world scale. G.E. Multicultural/International MI.

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Fall, Spring GE Area: M/I

Human and environmental risks as they relate to injuries and illnesses; includes incident causation analysis and assessment. Areas of study encompass occupational safety, consumer products, human factors, environmental health, and human and property costs.

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Fall

Prerequisite: PH 92 or equivalent. Modern concepts and principles of epidemiology; interaction of all agents, host, and environmental factors of communicable and noncommunicable diseases.

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Fall, Spring

Examination of physical, neurological, emotional, social, and political factors affecting the use, misuse, and abuse of licit and illicit substances in contemporary American society. Applies models of addiction and compulsive behaviors to gambling, food consumption, and sexual behavior. G.E. Breadth E1.

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Fall, Spring GE Area: E1

Physical, mental, and social factors related to the consumption of alcoholic beverages; the development of alcohol dependence.

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Fall, Spring

Consumer health as it relates to selection of health care products and services; how to differentiate fact from fiction in health matters.

Units: 3

An introduction to the theory and practice of health behavior change. Covers individual behavior change methodologies and the effects of public and environmental change on individual health.

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Fall, Spring

(PH 115 same as GERON 115.) Basic principles and concepts of the aging process; includes the physical, social, emotional and mental components of health. Benefits of health promotion and preventive action for the aging are also explored.

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Fall, Spring

(PH 127 same as WS 127.) Studies on female sexuality which include past and present sexual roles, female sexual response patterns, and discussion of common problems encountered by women functioning as sexual beings.

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Spring

Explores concepts related to holistic health and alternative medicine within a cross-cultural framework. Includes a description of the physical and psychosocial effects of alternative healing; addresses the benefits and risks associated with these therapies.

Units: 3 GE Area: M/I

Health problems of rural areas including community medical services, medical facilities, federal, state, and local legislation and administrative problems.

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Spring

(PH 130 same as WS 130.) Examines current crises/ controversies in women's health care. Includes conventional/ alternatives approaches to treatment, management, and prevention with emphasis on self-care and promotion of optimum health.

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Fall

Study of the foundations, theories, systems, and principles of health education. Includes an analysis of social, medical, and environmental factors on health-related behaviors.

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Fall, Spring

It is strongly recommended that students complete PH 114 and PH 131 prior to enrollment in PH 133. Health education program planning, implementation, and evaluation. Provides needs assessment, health education curriculum development, and presenting and evaluating a health education intervention with a client group.

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Fall, Spring

Concepts and principles of disease and dysfunction of the human body. Detection, diagnosis, treatment, etiology, pathogenesis, and prevention.

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Fall, Spring

Studies the science of ergonomics as it relates to injury/illness prevention and the promotion of a quality work environment. Ergonomics is the evaluation of people and their tools, materials, and equipment in a work setting. (Formerly H S 166T)

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Fall

Application of safety and accident prevention measures that provide a basis for insight into the hazards of occupational and industrial situations.

Units: 3

Concepts and principles dealing with the problems, processes, evaluation, and solutions in the development, implementation, and management of an effective environmental health and occupational safety program.

Units: 3

The theory and practice of managing inspection-based enforcement programs in health care and environmental health areas, with emphasis on legislation, procedure, and cases relating to public health.

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Fall

To introduce students to the understanding of fundamental principles in "economics" that serve as the foundation of the US healthcare system.

Units: 3

Organizational design and managerial principles as they apply to the private sector of health care.

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Spring

Basic principles and concepts of toxicology with a particular emphasis on the regulation of environmental and industrial toxicants for man/woman.

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Spring

General principles of environmental health with a particular emphasis on the interaction between man/woman and the environment. Environmental epidemiology, water, wastewater, air, solid waste, ionizing radiation, and noise. Focuses on prevention and control disease and injury caused by chemicals, food protection, air/ water quality radiation, hazardous waste, et cetera.

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Fall, Spring GE Area: IB

Basic principles and concepts of environmental health with a particular emphasis on health hazards, communicable disease control, contamination control, food protection, rodent control, managing special environments, planned environments, and environmental health organizations. (Formerly HS 162)

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Fall

Prerequisites: PH 162A or concurrent. Problems of environmental health studied through field trips, observations, demonstrations, and seminars. (2 lecture, 2 lab hours) (Formerly HS 165)

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Spring

Principles of public health administration, fundamentals of organization, and administration in public health.

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Fall, Spring

Role vectors of disease play in human health. Basic principles and concepts of vector control. Particular emphasis is given to diseases vectored by arthropods and rodents.

Units: 3

Designed to provide training in the use of laboratory procedures and techniques of adjusting and operating monitoring equipment used in water quality, air pollution, noise pollution, food sanitation, radiological health, and toxic substances. (2 lecture, 2 lab hours) ( Lab fee, $25)

Units: 3

Concepts of occupational health as they pertain to appraising and controlling environmental health hazards; occupational diseases, chemical, biological, and physical agents that produce organic or systemic damage. Problems in toxicology, measurement instruments, and evaluating health hazards. (Formerly HS 168)

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Fall

Prerequisite: PH 168A. General principles of investigation for chemical and physical hazards commonly encountered in the occupational environment. Sampling strategies, quantitative analysis, combustible gases, organic vapors, and nonionizing radiation. (2 lecture, 2 lab hours) (Formerly HS 147)

Units: 3 Course Typically Offered: Spring

A descriptive analysis of air pollutants encountered in the indoor and outdoor environments with an emphasis on assessment of risk, human health effects, and a review of federal and state regulations that apply.

Units: 3

Prerequisites: completion of 21 units of the health science major (Core and Environmental Option courses). Provides practical experience in environmental health. Requires a 3.0 GPA in Health Science coursework, or permission of the instructor. Permission numbers required. CR/NC grading only. (CSU liability insurance fee, $8)

Units: 1-4, Repeatable up to 6 units Course Typically Offered: Fall, Spring

Introduction to the basic use and practical application of personal and mainframe computers in health-related professions. Laboratory use of computers covers word processing, SPSS, data entry, data management, principles of programming, and use of on-line databases. (2 lecture, 2 lab hours)

Units: 3

Repeatable to 3 units in any one area, maximum total 6. Prerequisite: completion of 24 units of the health science major (Core and Administration Option courses). Provides practical experience in a community work setting. Requires a 3.0 GPA in Health Science coursework, or permission of the instructor. Permission numbers required. CR/NC grading only. (CSU liability insurance fee, $8)

Units: 1-3, Repeatable up to 6 units Course Typically Offered: Fall, Spring

Prerequisite: completion of 24 units of the health science major (Core and Community Health option courses). Provides practical experiences in a community work setting. Requires a 3.0 GPA in Health Science coursework, or permission of instructor. Permission numbers required. CR/NC grading only. (CSU liability insurance fee, $8)

Units: 1-3, Repeatable up to 6 units Course Typically Offered: Fall, Spring

See Academic Placement -- [-LINK-]. Approved for RP grading.

Units: 1-3, Repeatable up to 6 units Course Typically Offered: Fall, Spring

Prerequisite: PH 92 or equivalent. Theories and limitations of parametric testing: ANOVA, MANOVA, and regression. Focus on nonparametric testing and small samples including Kruskal Wallis, Median and Fischer tests. Preparation of data for computer analysis and interpretation of results. Resource issues related to data collection.

Units: 3

Prerequisite: PH 100. Individual research, analysis, and evaluation in relation to educational aspects of community health programs; group procedures; community organizations; selection, development, and use of media. Field assignments are required. (Formerly HS 203)

Units: 3

Application and evaluation of environmental health principles to air, land, water, waste, and occupational health with emphasis on contemporary issues.

Units: 3

Read more:
Health Science - Community Health Option

Recommendation and review posted by sam

In order to accurately evaluate the effects of HRT, estrogen, and natural progesterone, on Menopause, Hot Flashes, Night Sweats, PMS, Migraine Headaches, Mood Swings, Fertility, Heart Disease, and Osteoporosis, it is necessary to identify the sources of these two primary female hormones. Distinguishing safe and natural hormones from those that are foreign and carcinogenic will allow women to make informed choices that will benefit future health and quality of life.

This information will help them to avoid the unwanted effects of low or no progesterone (Estrogen Dominance) and the subsequent unpleasant symptoms associated with Menopause, PMS, and the conditions of infertility & osteoporosis. Other major disorders, including breast cancer, stroke, osteoporosis & heart disease have also been shown to be the result of an imbalance of steroid hormones.

Problems arise, however, when foreign estrogens, petrochemical compounds, and synthetic hormones are introduced into the body that interfere with natural hormone production and normal thyroid function and when natural progesterone production is consequently suppressed by these environmental antagonists.

What are the sources of these foreign hormones or xeno-estrogens?

Natural Hormone Antagonists...

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Natural Progesterone And Womens Health - Health Science

Recommendation and review posted by sam

The curriculum consists of core courses such as epidemiology, research and evaluation strategies, and human health and disease. With a couple of additional classes, you can get your degree with a focus in one of our four concentration areas. Everyone completes an individualized internship, including preparation of an electronic internship portfolio.

Health Promotion and Education Concentration Your classes in this concentration focus on teaching you how to assess, plan, communicate, implement, manage and evaluate public health promotion problems. As you go, youll learn how to work effectively with different populations of people, and determine what problems they face and how to best treat them.

Pre-Professional Health Studies Concentration Designed to prepare you for graduate or professional school, this concentration focuses on the classes and experience youll need to gain acceptance into various graduate and clinical programs including medical, physical therapy, occupational therapy, dental and other clinical professional schools.

Health Services Administration Concentration Dive into business and health services classes with the administration focus. A minor in business administration is a required component of this concentration.

Cardiovascular Imaging Leadership Concentration This concentration provides a core of health science classes and training in diagnostic cardiovascular sonography. Your clinical training will all be done at the Greenville Health System in nearby Greenville, South Carolina. When you graduate, youll be prepared to sit for the American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers (ARDMS) exams.

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Health Science (B.S.) | Degree Programs | Clemson University ...

Recommendation and review posted by sam

The Health Sciences program is for students who wish to enter a non-clinical health career such as medical case management, corporate wellness, human services, medical sales, pharmaceutical manufacturing and distribution, and more. Graduates holding the BHS in Health Sciences may also be qualified to enter either graduate or professional health science programs, such as physical therapy or public health.

The BHS in Health Sciences program is ideal for many students interested in the Health Care field such as:

A grade of D- or higher will be accepted for all general education coursework. All required core and elective coursework for the Health Sciences program, including requirements outside the department, must be completed with a grade of C-or higher. If a required course is retaken for credit, the higher grade on the second attempt may be used for calculating GPA.

With the approval of the Deans of the School of Health Professions and Graduate School, seniors who have a B average in the most recent 45 semester hours of credit, and are within 12 hours of completing graduation requirements, may dually enroll for up to six semester hours of graduate credit while enrolled as undergraduates. Application for dual enrollment must be completed and approved by the Graduate School within one month after the start of the fall and spring semesters and within three weeks after the start of the summer session. Additional information may be obtained from the Graduate School.

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All students will maintain academic integrity by avoiding:

Academic integrity is fundamental to the activities and principles of a university. All members of the academic community must be confident that each person's work has been responsibly and honorably acquired, developed, and presented. Any effort to gain an advantage not given to all students is dishonest whether or not the effort is successful. The academic community regards breaches of the academic integrity rules as extremely serious matters. Sanctions for such a breach will include academic sanctions from the instructor in that the assignment will receive a grade of 0. Other actions may include failing the course for any violation to disciplinary sanctions ranging from probation to expulsion. When in doubt about plagiarism, paraphrasing, quoting, collaboration, or any other form of cheating, consult the course instructor.

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Follow this link:
Health Sciences Degree - University of Missouri

Recommendation and review posted by sam

CIRM funds many projects seeking to better understand spinal cord injury and to translate those discoveries into new therapies.

If you want to learn more about CIRM funding decisions or make a comment directly to our board, join us at a public meeting. You can find agendas for upcoming public meetings on our meetings page.

Find Out More: Stem Cell FAQ | Stem Cell Videos | What We Fund

Find clinical trials: CIRM does not track stem cell clinical trials. If you or a family member is interested in participating in a clinical trial, please visit clinicaltrials.gov to find a trial near you.

About 250,000 people in the U.S. live with spinal cord injuries. Half of those are quadriplegic, with the paralysis impacting all four limbs to some extent. For those individuals the lifetime cost of managing their condition is estimated to be between $2 million and $3 million.

Spinal cord injury became the first condition targeted in a human clinical trial using cells made from embryonic stem cells. That trial, begun by Geron in 2010 and based on the findings of a team CIRM currently funds, was later cancelled by Geron for financial reasons. By the time of the cancellation five patients around the country had been enrolled in the study, including two at Stanford, who entered the trial during a period when CIRM funded Geron. Those patients continue to be followed to learn as much as possible about this approach.

Californias stem cell agency retains many grants for research to move potential spinal cord injury therapies forward (the full list is below). Much of this work focuses on trying to determine which type of nerve cell is the best one to transplant, and deciding which type of stem cell is the best starting point for making those cells. Other research is trying to see if these transplanted cells become part of the existing nerve system, helping create new pathways that can transmit nerve signals to muscles. The researchers are also looking at ways to try and improve the ability of these transplanted cells to become part of the nerve system.

One obstacle that some teams are trying to overcome is the tendency of the scar at the site of injury to block the growth of these transplanted cells. One group is trying to overcome that by combining stem cells with synthetic scaffolds that can be placed at the site of injury, to help the cells bridge the scar and restore signals. In animal models this combination has resulted in an increase in mobility compared to stem cell grafts alone.

Progress and Promise toward a stem cell-based therapy for spinal cord injury

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Read more from the original source:
Spinal Cord Injury Fact Sheet | California's Stem Cell Agency

Recommendation and review posted by sam

The University of Florida is a comprehensive, state of Florida-accredited, Spinal Cord Injury Center.

The Spine Team is under the direction of:

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord that results in a loss of function below the level of the lesion, including paralysis, sensory loss, bowel/bladder/sexual dysfunction. SCI most commonly occurs after trauma, however there other causes including pathologic fractures, spinal tumors, spinal infections, and congenital spinal anomalies.

There are currently over 450,000 people in the US with spinal cord injuries. About 10,000 new SCIs occur each year of which the majority of are males between the ages of 16-30. Spinal trauma typically results from motor vehicle accidents, violent acts, and falls.

The spinal cord is a neural structure that extends from the base of the brain, down the middle of the back, to level of the waist. The spinal cord carries nerve fibers from the brain to nerve cells at each level of the cord. The fibers from these segmental nerve cells leave the cord through the spinal nerves. These spinal nerves exit at each vertebral level and communicate with specific areas of the body. There are both motor and sensory portions of the spinal nerves.

Rings of bone called vertebrae surround the spinal cord. The stacked vertebrae create the spinal column, which provide the support for the body. There are seven cervical vertebrae. The cervical bones are designed to allow flexion, extension, and rotation of the head. In the chest region, the thoracic spine attaches to the ribs. There are twelve vertebrae in the thoracic region. There are five vertebrae in the lumbar spine. The lowest lumbar vertebra articulates with the sacrum. The sacrum attaches to the pelvis.

SCI is the result of damage to the spinal cord from severing, stretch, or compression.

SCI can be divided into two types:

A complete injury means that there is no function below the level of the injury, i.e. no sensation and no voluntary movement. An incomplete injury means that there is some function below the primary level of the injury. A person with an incomplete injury may be able to move one limb or may be able to feel parts of the body that cannot be moved. The type of SCI is important in prognosis and return of function. Complete injuries tend to have little recovery, while incomplete injuries usually have some degree of improvement.

In general, the higher in the spinal column the spinal cord injury occurs, the more neurological dysfunction a person will experience.

Injuries between C-1 and C-4 are very critical because they impair the ability to breath. C-5 injuries result in good shoulder and biceps control, but no control at the wrist or hand and legs. C-6 injuries generally yield wrist control, but no hand or leg function. Individuals with C-7 and T-1 injuries can straighten their arms but still have dexterity problems with the hand and fingers. Injuries at the thoracic level and below result in paraplegia, with the hands not affected. High lumbar injuries affect the ability of the hip to flex and extend the legs, while lower lumbar injuries affect the mobility of the lower parts of the leg.

Often with SCI there is significant loss of bowel or bladder function. This can occur with injuries at any level. Sexual functioning is frequently affected by SCI. Other effects of SCI may include inability to regulate blood pressure effectively, reduced control of body temperature, inability to sweat below the level of injury, and chronic pain.

The diagnosis of SCI is made by a detailed neurological examination. Plain radiographs and CT scans of the spine will show any significant fractures of the bones. MRI of the spine will show any injury to the actual spinal cord.

Because of the force that is required to fracture the spine, many spinal cord-injured patients suffer have significant associated injuries in the chest or abdomen. For isolated spinal cord injuries the mortality after one year is about 5-7%. If a patient survives the first 24 hours after spinal cord injury, the likelihood of survival for ten years is approximately 75-80%.

The immediate treatment of SCI is stabilization of the spine to prevent any further injury to the spinal cord. Within the first 24 hours, steroid drugs such as methylprednisolone are used to reduce swelling in the spinal cord. The benefit of steroids is limited and it has been shown to be useful only for a 24-hour period.

Surgery is indicated when there is significant instability of the spine or if there is compression of the spinal cord with an incomplete SCI. This may be a result of fractured bones or hematomas. Severe fractures may involve several columns of support in the spine, which will require surgical fixation to regain stability. Surgical fixation involves both instrumentation and fusion. Fusion is the joining of two vertebrae with bone graft (either from the patient or from cadaver) held together with metal hardware such as plates, rods, hooks, screws, and cages. The goal of the bone graft is to join the vertebrae above and below to form one solid piece of bone. It may take several months or longer to create a solid fusion. The instrumentation holds the bones together while the fusion is taking place.

Once stabilized, the goal of SCI treatment is rapid rehabilitation with the help of physical medicine specialists, physical therapists, occupational therapists, psychologists, and social workers. Patients must have a strong social support system to help them cope with their injury and relearn how to perform daily activities.

Originally posted here:
Spinal Cord Injury Department of Neurosurgery University

Recommendation and review posted by sam

Ted Barrus, an ordinary guy from Pullman, Wash., calls himself an idiot -- more specifically, a "fire-breathing idiot."

Barrus, 37, doesn't actually breathe fire, but his main hobby is sampling extremely hot peppers that make his mouth seem as if it's on fire. His latest sampling is the Trinidad Moruga Scorpion, the pepper recently named world's hottest by researchers at the New Mexico State University's Chile Pepper Institute.

"I do this to bring chilies and the fun they can be to the masses," Barrus said, who regularly posts videos of his reactions on YouTube.

Barrus passes on jalapenos, and even habaneros, and opts only for the peppers known as "superhots" and "nuclears," such as the Trinidad Moruga Scorpion. This "superhot" hit an average of more than 1.2 million Scoville heat units, making it many thousand times hotter than the jalapeno, which hits about 5,000 units.

Scoville units measure the amount of spicy heat in chili peppers based on the amount of capsaicin, a compound that makes the peppers, well, hot.

So far, Barrus has dared to eat six of these mouth-on-fire peppers, including four in one sitting, which he says is "the most difficult challenge I have ever done."

As in several of his earlier pepper-sampling videos, seconds after he bites into the Trinidad Moruga Scorpion, Barrus' face turns red, his eyes water and he starts to grimace and groan.

Despite the incredibly intense burning -- which persists for about 20 minutes -- Barrus says the 40-minute period of bliss that follows is worth the pain.

"There's a massive endorphin rush, and I feel really good after all the pain and craziness," he said. "My body starts tingling all over, my hands and arms start to go numb, and I sometimes get lightheaded and euphoric. It feels good." Released in response to stress and pain, endorphins are brain chemicals that reduce the perception of pain.

And it's exactly that endorphin rush that makes capsaicin an effective remedy for pain and other medical conditions, researchers say.

"The endorphins work to block the heat. The body produces them in response to the heat, which it senses as pain," said Paul Bosland, co-founder and director of New Mexico State University's Chile Pepper Institute.

"It's used for all kinds of arthritis pain, as well as for neuropathic pain and dermatologic conditions that have a painful itch," said Dr. Ashwin Mehta, director of integrative medicine at the University of Miami's Miller School of Medicine.

Capsaicin is also used by people with the skin disease psoriasis to decrease itching and inflammation, according to the university.

Some research has also suggested that capsaicin can also help with appetite suppression, but there are not yet any solid data to determine what role, if any, the chemical plays in weight loss.

Studies have also suggested that capsaicin may play help kill off prostate cancer cells.

"In test tubes, researchers found a correlation betwen increased cell death and capsaicin," said Mehta.

There have also been studies that found that people who eat a lot of chili peppers have a lower incidence of prostate cancer, Bosland said.

"This doesn't mean hot peppers cure prostate cancer, but it may play a role in preventing it," he said. "It has nothing to do with the heat per se, but they have a lot of carotenoids and flavonoids, which scavenge free radicals in our system, and free radicals are known to cause cancer."

According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, capsaicin, provided it's in an extremely diluted form, can also be used to treat ear infections. Additionally, one study found that the compound may help treat heartburn. More research is needed to examine that relationship further, and studies are also under way to determine its effects on certain cardiovascular conditions.

But because it's so hot -- pure capsaicin extract is rated at more than 15 million Scoville units -- the compound should be used only as directed by a physician, and in moderation.

And Barrus also encourages people not accustomed to eating hot peppers to take the heat warnings seriously.

"These peppers are not for the average Joe. They're for idiots like me," he said, joking.

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Capsaicin, An Ingredient in Hot Peppers, Offers Many ...

Recommendation and review posted by simmons

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Eczema is a type of atopic dermatitis that results in red, irritated skin that may ooze and crust over causing the skin to appear scaly, according to the Australasian College of Dermatologists. Eczema of the fingernails occurs under and around the nail beds and occurs when the skin becomes irritated or is exposed to chronic moisture, such as when a child repeatedly sucks his thumb. There are several ways to treat nail eczema to clear up the unwanted redness and irritation.

Moisturizing lotion

Cold compress

Avoid over-exposure to water. This means staying out of the pool for extended periods of time and wearing rubber gloves when cleaning and doing the dishes. This will cut down on the dryness that will make nail eczema worse.

Apply moisturizing lotion to the nail beds at least once a day. This will keep the skin supple and can be used to treat eczema all over your body to help seal in moisture.

Identify what triggers your eczema and attempt to avoid it. According to Mayo Clinic.com, common eczema triggers include stress, contact with certain household cleaners, sweating and harsh soaps and perfumes.

Place a cold compress on the affected finger or toe nails when a flare-up is occurring. This could include a bag of peas wrapped in a hand towel or an ice pack. This will relieve the irritation, redness and swelling that is associated with eczema.

Cover the nails with a one percent hydrocortisone cream. This will help relieve any itching that might accompany eczema.

Speak to your doctor about any medications that will help treat the symptoms of nail eczema. These include immunomodulators that, according to the Mayo Clinic, will lessen the effects the immune system has on eczema. Another medication that may be prescribed is prednisone, which is a steroid that will reduce the inflammation of eczema.

Eczema and psoriasis are often mistaken for each other because they tend to share similar symptoms. ... Nail changes do occur with...

It is possible that you have lichen planus, psoriasis or eczema, ... Fingernails provide a degree of protection to the soft, sensitive...

Whether you have thick toenails because of a skin condition such as eczema or psoriasis, fungus or even injury, simple alternatives to...

Eczema is a condition that results in itchy, inflamed skin. It is a chronic irritating rash occurring in flareups. It generally runs...

Most commonly, white spots are caused by trauma to the nail, similar to a bruise on your skin. ... or skin conditions...

Nails are weakened by excessive water and the chemicals in cleaning products. ... kidney disease, liver disease, arthritis, diabetes, melanoma, eczema and...

A keratin buildup under the toenails can cause the nail to become brittle and discolored. ... International Eczema-Psoriasis Foundation: Nail Psoriasis; Resources.

Issues can develop with your toenail for a variety of reasons. Your toenail consists of a protein known as keratin, which develops...

Eczema is brought about by toxins in the body. ... hair and nails. They also help the body digest proteins, carbohydrates and...

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How to Treat Nail Eczema (6 Steps) | eHow

Recommendation and review posted by simmons

Ifyou are reading this book, you are probably interested in life extension and antiaging concepts. Aging makes us increasingly vulnerable to alcohol-induced hangover, liver injury, and damage to the central nervous system. Because alcohol consumption produces toxic compounds and causes vitamin deficiencies, in the best of all possible worlds it would be better not to drink alcohol at all. For those who still want to drink, it is possible to do so more safely. The first piece of advice would be to drink only moderately and follow the preventive measures outlined in this protocol.

Warning:What follows is for those who choose to drink moderately. This advice is not for those who suffer from alcoholism. Simply put, an alcoholic has "lost the power of choice in drink" and is "without defense against the first drink." In short, an alcoholic cannot drink safely. The Foundation is all too aware that an alcoholic may easily misinterpret the following information as a license to drink. It is not. It is only for those who drink by choice and do so in moderation.

The consumption of alcohol results in the formation of two very toxic compounds, acetaldehyde and malondialdehyde. These compounds generate massive free-radical damage to cells throughout the body. The free-radical damage generated by these alcohol metabolites creates an effect in the body similar to that caused by radiation poisoning. That is the reason why people feel so sick the day after consuming too much alcohol. If the proper combination of antioxidants is taken at the time the alcohol is consumed or before the inebriated individual goes to bed, the hangover and much of the cellular damage caused by alcohol may be prevented.

Aging makes us increasingly vulnerable to alcohol-induced hangover, liver injury, and damage to the central nervous system. In the elderly, alcohol- and drug-induced injury are more common and more serious, and recovery is more difficult.

Nutrients that neutralize alcohol byproducts and protect cells against the damaging effects of alcohol include vitamin C, vitamin B1, the amino acids S-allyl-cysteine and glutathione, vitamin E, and selenium (Sprince et al. 1975; Hell et al. 1976; Loguercio et al. 1993; van Zandwijk 1995; Marotta et al. 2001). There are several commercial preparations that can be taken at the time the alcohol is consumed or before bedtime to help prevent a hangover. One of these is called Anti-Alcohol Antioxidants. The ingredients in this formula will help prevent hangover while providing protection against the damaging byproducts of alcohol metabolism.

A study in the journal Alcohol showed how antioxidants could protect against brain damage. The study concluded by stating:

chronic pretreatment with vitamin E prevents alcohol-induced vascular injury and pathology in the brain (Altura et al. 1999).

Another study in the journalArteryconfirmed a specific toxic metabolite of alcohol (acetaldehyde) and identified an antidote (N-acetyl-cysteine) (Vasdev et al. 1995). Here is an excerpt:

All known pathways of ethanol metabolism result in the production of acetaldehyde, a highly reactive compound. N-acetyl cysteine, an analogue of the dietary amino acid cysteine, binds acetaldehyde, thus preventing its damaging effect on physiological proteins.

These findings should not surprise anyone who understands that the ingestion of alcohol inflicts massive free-radical damage throughout the body. When a person is exposed to a known toxic substance (such as alcohol), it makes sense to take an antidote (antioxidants) to provide at least partial protection against the short-term (hangover) and long-term (degenerative disease) effects.

Supplementation with 400-800 mg of SAMe twice a day will help support healthy liver function. For those who cannot afford SAMe, supplementation with 500 mg of trimethylglycine (TMG, also known as glycine betaine), 800 micrograms of folic acid, and 500 micrograms of vitamin B12, taken twice a day, could help the liver to synthesize S-adenosylmethionine.

A study inAnnals of Internal Medicinecompiled the enormous cost of lost productivity induced by hangovers (Wiese et al. 2000). Here is an excerpt from this study:

The alcohol hangover is characterized by headache, tremulousness, nausea, diarrhea, and fatigue combined with decreased occupational, cognitive, or visual-spatial skill performance. In the United States, related absenteeism and poor job performance cost $148 billion annually (average annual cost per working adult, $2000). Although hangover is associated with alcoholism, most of its cost is incurred by the light-to-moderate drinker. Patients with hangover may pose substantial risk to themselves and others despite having a normal blood alcohol level. Hangover may also be an independent risk factor for cardiac death.

Based on these statistics, hangover causes a significant economic loss in the United States. The staggering cost of alcoholic hangover could be significantly mitigated if drinkers took the right antioxidants before going to bed.

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Ann Arbor Life Extension

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

In the past year, Japan has accelerated its position as a hub for regenerative medicine research, largely driven by support from Prime Minister Shinzo Abe who has identified regenerative medicine and cellular therapy as key to the Japans strategy to drive economic growth. The Prime Minister has encouraged a growing range of collaborations between private industry and academic partners through an innovative legal framework approved last fall. He has also initiated campaigns to drive technological advances in drugs and devices by connecting private companies with public funding sources. The result has been to drive progress in both basic and applied research involving induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) and related stem cell technologies.

Indeed, 2013 represented a landmark year in Japan, as it saw the first cellular therapy involving transplant of iPS cells into humans initiated at the RIKEN Center in Kobe, Japan.[1] The RIKEN Center is Japans largest, most comprehensive research institution, backed by both Japans Health Ministry and government. To speed things along, RIKEN did not seek permission for a clinical trial involving iPS cells, but instead applied for a type of pretrial clinical research allowed under Japanese regulations.

As such, this pretrial clinical research allowed the RIKEN research team to test the use of iPS cells for the treatment of wet-type age-related macular degeneration (AMD) on a very small scale, in only a handful of patients. Unfortunately, this trial was paused in 2015 due to safety concerns and is currently on hold pending further investigation. Regardless, the trial has set a new international standard for considering iPS cells as a viable cell type to investigate for clinical purposes.

If this iPS cell trial is ultimately reinstated, it will help to accelerate the acceptance of cellular therapies within other countries. Currently, the main concern surrounding iPS cell-based cellular therapy isthe fear of creating multiplying cell populations within patients. Even treatments using embryonic stem cells, which have been cultured and studied for decades, are still in very early clinical trials, so it is not surprising that clinical trials using iPS cells are being conducted on a small-scale, experimental level.[2]

Japan has a unique affection for iPS cells, as the cells were originally discovered by the Japanese scientist, Shinya Yamanaka of Kyoto University. Mr. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2012, an honor shared jointly with John Gurdon, for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent. In addition, Japans Education Ministry said its planning to spend 110 billion yen ($1.13 billion) on induced pluripotent stem cell research during the next 10 years, and the Japanese parliament has been discussing bills that would speed the approval process and ensure the safety of such treatments.[3] In April, Japanese parliament even passed a law calling for Japan to make regenerative medical treatments like iPSC technology available for its citizens ahead of the rest of the world.[4] If those forces were not enough, Masayo Takahashi of the RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology in Kobe, Japan, who is heading the worlds first clinical research using iPSCs in humans, was also chosen by the journal Natureas one of five scientists to watch in 2014.[5]

In summary, Japan is the clear global leader with regard to investment in iPS cell technologies and therapies. While progress with stem cells has not been without setbacks within Japan, including a recent scandal at the RIKEN Institute that involved falsely manipulated research findings and the aforementioned hold on the first clinical trial involving transplant of an iPS cell product into humans, Japan has emerged from these troubles to become the most liberalized and progressive nation pursuing the development of iPS cell products and services.

To learn more about induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)industry trends and events, view the Compete 2015-16 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) Industry Report.

To receive future posts about the stem cell industry, sign-up here. We will never share your information with anyone, and you can opt-out at any time. No spam ever, just great stuff.

BioInformant is the only research firm that has served the stem cell sector since it emerged. Our management team comes from a BioInformatics background the science of collecting and analyzing complex genetic codes and applies these techniques to the field of market research. BioInformant has been featured on news outlets including the Wall Street Journal, Nature Biotechnology, CBS News, Medical Ethics, and the Center for BioNetworking.

Serving Fortune 500 leaders that include GE Healthcare, Pfizer, Goldman Sachs, Beckton Dickinson, and Thermo Fisher Scientific, BioInformant is your global leader in stem cell industry data.

Footnotes [1] Dvorak, K. (2014).Japan Makes Advance on Stem-Cell Therapy [Online]. Available at: http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323689204578571363010820642. Web. 14 Apr. 2015. [2] Note: In the United States, some patients have been treated with retina cells derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to treat macular degeneration. There was a successful patient safety test for this stem cell treatment last year that was conducted at the Jules Stein Eye Institute in Los Angeles. The ESC-derived cells used for this study were developed by Advanced Cell Technology, Inc, a company located in Marlborough, Massachusetts. [3] Dvorak, K. (2014).Japan Makes Advance on Stem-Cell Therapy [Online]. Available at: http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323689204578571363010820642. Web. 8 Apr. 2015. [4] Ibid. [5] Riken.jp. (2014).RIKEN researcher chosen as one of five scientists to watch in 2014 | RIKEN [Online]. Available at: http://www.riken.jp/en/pr/topics/2014/20140107_1/. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

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Japan Most Liberalized Market for iPS Cell Therapy ...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Spinal cord injuries are caused when delicate spinal cord tissue is bruised, torn, or crushed. Spinal cord injuries can be caused by accidents, but can also be caused by diseases or disorders.

Types of Spinal Cord Injury | Complete (Traumatic) |Incomplete (non-traumatic)

As many as 400,000 Americans are living with spinal cord injuries. Most spinal cord injuries occur between the ages of 16 and 30, and about 82 percent of those who experience spinal cord injuries are male. Motor vehicle accidents account for approximately 44 percent of all spinal cord injuries. Other common causes include:

After the spinal cord has been injured, messages no longer flow through the damaged area, essentially cutting off information between the brain and certain parts of the body. Generally, the functions of the body located above the point of injury will continue to work with no loss of function, while the areas of the body located below the point of injury will be impaired. Impairment can include the following:

Doctors and specialists use the level of injury to most accurately predict which parts of the body are most likely to be affected by loss of movement and sensation. Complete injuries will result in total loss of movement and sensation below the point of injury, while incomplete injuries will result in some degree of loss of movement and sensation below the point of injury. Levels of injury are classified as:

The prognosis of a particular spinal cord injury varies depending upon where along the spinal column the spinal cord has been injured, the severity of the injury, and which nerve fibers are damaged. These things can be narrowed down by distinguishing between symptoms like facial paralysis or periodic paralysis. As a general rule of thumb, some recovery can be expected within the first six months following injury. After six months, additional recovery becomes even harder and is why it is important to begin a rehabilitation program as soon as possible after an injury.

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Spinal Cord Injury | BrainAndSpinalCord.org

Recommendation and review posted by sam

Spinal cord injury: Introduction

Spinal cord injury: Spinal cord injury (SCI) occurs when a traumatic event results in damage to cells within the spinal cord or severs the nerve tracts that ... more about Spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury: Spinal cord injury is damage to the spinal cord as a result of a direct trauma to the spinal cord itself or as a result of indirect damage to the bones and soft tissues and vessels surrounding the spinal cord. More detailed information about the symptoms, causes, and treatments of Spinal cord injury is available below.

See full list of 12 symptoms of Spinal cord injury

See full list of 8 treatments for Spinal cord injury

Home medical testing related to Spinal cord injury:

Read more about Deaths and Spinal cord injury.

Read more about Types of Spinal cord injury

Review possible medical complications related to Spinal cord injury:

See full list of 6 causes of Spinal cord injury

More information about causes of Spinal cord injury:

Research the causes of these diseases that are similar to, or related to, Spinal cord injury:

Commonly undiagnosed diseases in related medical categories:

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Read more about Misdiagnosis and Spinal cord injury

Research related physicians and medical specialists:

Other doctor, physician and specialist research services:

Medical research articles related to Spinal cord injury include:

Click here to find more evidence-based articles on the TRIP Database

More Spinal cord injury animations & videos

Prognosis for Spinal cord injury: People who survive a spinal cord injury will most likely have medical complications such as chronic pain and bladder and bowel dysfunction, along with an increased susceptibility to respiratory and heart problems.

More about prognosis of Spinal cord injury

Visit our research pages for current research about Spinal cord injury treatments.

The US based website ClinicalTrials.gov lists information on both federally and privately supported clinical trials using human volunteers.

Some of the clinical trials listed on ClinicalTrials.gov for Spinal cord injury include:

See full list of 86 Clinical Trials for Spinal cord injury

Types of Spinal cord injury

Related forums and medical stories:

Read about other experiences, ask a question about Spinal cord injury, or answer someone else's question, on our message boards:

Spinal cord injury (SCI) occurs when a traumatic event results in damage to cells within the spinal cord or severs the nerve tracts that relay signals up and down the spinal cord. The most common types of SCI include contusion (bruising of the spinal cord) and compression (caused by pressure on the spinal cord). Other types of injuries include lacerations (severing or tearing of some nerve fibers, such as damage caused by a gun shot wound), and central cord syndrome (specific damage to the corticospinal tracts of the cervical region of the spinal cord). (Source: excerpt from NINDS Spinal Cord Injury Information Page: NINDS)

Tools & Services:

Medical Articles:

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Spinal cord injury Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatments and Causes ...

Recommendation and review posted by sam

Contact the Spinal Program

The spinal cord serves not just one critical function, but several. A compact but extremely powerful package of nerves, it works with the brain to transmit important messages that are responsible for functions in every area of the body.

Because the spinal cord plays such an essential role, any injury has the potential for widespread and serious damage. Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) can occur as:

bruises (called contusions) partial tears complete tears (called a transection)

To understand how and why spinal cord injuries have different effects on different parts of the body, its helpful to understand the anatomy of the surrounding area. The spinal cord is divided into sections that correspond with the neighboring bones of the spine:

cervical (neck area) thoracic (mid-back) lumbar (lower back) sacrum (base of the spine)

Typically, the higher the location of the injury, the more significant the resulting damage. Serious SCIs are categorized as either paraplegicresulting in a loss of sensation and function in the lower half of the bodyor quadriplegic/tetraplegic, resulting in a loss of feeling and movement from the chest down, including both arms and both legs.

In addition, SCIs can be:

incomplete, causing only a partial loss of feeling and movement below the level of the injury complete, causing a complete loss of sensation and function below the level of the injury

Here are some of the statistics on spinal cord injuries:

Children account for only 5 percent of all individuals who sustain spinal cord injuries. 60 to 75 percent of all SCI occur in the neck area. 20 percent of all SCI affect the chest or upper back. The remaining 5 to 20 percent involve the spinal cord in the lower back.

While treatment options depend on the specifics and severity of the particular injury, you can rest assured that Boston Childrens Hospital has the world-renowned expertise and state-of-the-art tools to give you, your child and your family the care you need.

How Boston Childrens Hospital approaches spinal cord injuries

Learning that your child has a spinal cord injury is a frightening and potentially life-changing moment for any parent. Boston Childrens Hospital is here to work with you, your child and your family through every moment of your journey.

Boston Childrens Spinal Program is acclaimed both nationally and internationally for our excellence in diagnosing, treating and managing spinal cord injuries in children of all ages. In fact, our program:

centers on close collaboration between our experts in neurosurgery and orthopedics treats more than 6,000 children on an outpatient basis every year performs more than 300 spinal surgeries annually coordinates the full spectrum of support services for children with SCIs, including:

- physical therapy - occupational therapy - incontinence support - psychological support and counseling

Working together, our clinicians will develop a customized treatment plan that meets your child's medical, emotional and practical needsand involves you and your family at every step of the way.

Spinal cord injury: Reviewed by Mark R. Proctor, MD Boston Childrens Hospital; posted in 2011

See more here:
Spinal Cord Injury | Boston Children's Hospital

Recommendation and review posted by sam

Our Mission

United Spinal Association is dedicated to enhancing the quality of life of all people living with spinal cord injuries and disorders (SCI/D), includingveterans, and providing support and information to loved ones, care providers and professionals.

We believe no person should be excluded from opportunity on the basis of their disability. Our goal is to provide people living with SCI/D programs and services that maximize their independence and enable them to remain active in their communities.

Our Roots

United Spinal was founded in 1946 by a determined group of paralyzed WWII veterans in New York City who advocated for greater civil rights and independence for themselves and their fellow veterans. Rejecting the poor treatment they received at their local VA hospital, they decided to form a support group. From these modest beginnings, United Spinal was born. Since then, our core belief has remained unchanged. Despite living with SCI/D, a full, productive, and rewarding life is within the reach of anyone with the strength to believe it and the courage to make it happen.

Today, United Spinal is the largest non-profit organization dedicated to helping people living with SCI/D. We are committed to providing active-lifestyle information, peer support and advocacy that empower individuals to achieve their highest potential in all facets of life.

Our Community

Each year, United Spinal helps thousands of wheelchair-users, veterans, and people with multiple sclerosis and other spinal cord disorders overcome the daily challenges of living with a disability. And we extend our support to those most important in their lives their family members and caregivers. We have more than 60 local chapters and support groups nationwide, connecting people with SCI/D to their peers and fostering an expansive grassroots network that enriches lives.

United Spinals members include individuals of all ages and backgrounds who are driven, independent, and active participants in our society. They are paralympians, wounded warriors, talented artists, kids with big dreams, proud parents, self-advocates, heroes, survivors, and accomplished professionals. We are committed to educating and empowering individuals with SCI/D to achieve and maintain the highest levels of independence, health and personal fulfillment.

Our membership community provides a lifeline for many individuals that are focused on regaining their independence and improving their quality of lifewhether they are leaving rehab after sustaining a spinal cord injury, learning to live with symptoms of a spinal cord disorder, or have spent years of frustration coping with disability. We provide members guidance and resources on a variety of topics they are passionate about, such as employment, affordable housing, transportation, health care, home- and community-based independent living, education, peer support, and leisure and recreation.

Our Advocacy

United Spinal is committed to advancing public policies that lead to greater civil rights and independence for people with disabilities.

Throughout our history, we have advocated on behalf of individuals living with SCI/D through state and federal legislation and accessibility litigation in the courts. Our members know that we are on their side, and will remain there until our support is no longer needed.

By leveraging all of our resources, we have stronger involvement in community affairs and more opportunities to advance public policies. This allows us to form key alliances that expand the reach of our mission. Our public policy initiatives focus on expanding education and employment, improving enforcement of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), ensuring adequate access to public transportation and taxi services, and amending Medicare rules that restrict many individuals to their homes and nursing facilities.

We believe in: Access to Quality Affordable Healthcare Employment Opportunities, Self Sufficiency and Independent Living Consumer Directed Quality Health Care and Community Integration Preservation of Social Security Benefits Protecting the Rights of People with Disabilities

Learn more about our Public Policy Priorities.

Our Message

Disability awareness has always been an integral part of United Spinals mission and culture. Our aim is to raise public awareness on the often-overlooked disability issues that affect our community. Maintaining the highest standards in communications, we promote our mission through our websites; social media pages; press releases; magazines and informative publications; participatory events and instructional sessions; public service announcements; and e-mail alerts. But the greatest asset in spreading our message has always been our members and supporters who believe in the work we do.

Informative Publications United Spinal provides a diverse selection of educational and informative publications. More information

Membership Magazine United Spinals New Mobility Magazine covers a diverse selection of contemporary topics that are of interest to wheelchair users. It also includes the latest United Spinal chapter-related news as well as member profiles and updates on major program initiatives.

Program Partner

The Buoniconti Fund supports cutting edge research at The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, and serves as a clear leader in funding cures for paralysis. With The Miami Projects Christine E. Lynn Human Clinical Initiative, there are currently five FDA approved clinical trials for people with both acute and chronic spinal cord injuries. We are transplanting both Schwann cells and Stem cells back into the injured spinal cord, and we are the ONLY research group in the world with FDA Approval to combine cellular transplantations with intensive rehabilitation therapy.

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About | United Spinal Resource Center

Recommendation and review posted by sam

UC San Diego Health System has a multidisciplinary program for restoring functionto people with spinal cord injuries.

Unlike the peripheral nerves, cells in the spinal cord do not regenerate after an injury.Damage to the spinal cord can impact body function, strength and sensation, causing loss of feeling, weakness and paralysis.

C1-C3

Breathing using phrenic nerve pacer or ventilator.

C3-C4

Basic arm function (elbowflexion) using a nerve transfer.

C5-C6

Grasp and release function, and triceps function

C7-C8

More sophisticated grasp and release and finer hand movements.

T1

*NOTE: All patients with some movement in lower extremities may be considered as candidates for epidural stimulation to improve movement or reduce spasms.

Using epidural spinal cord stimulation, we can improve standing and walking in people who havecervical and thoraciclevel injury.

Recovering even partial arm and hand function after a spinal cord injury can have an enormous impact on independence and quality of life. Our surgeons use the latest surgical techniques and treatments to improve level of functioning.

Surgical and nonsurgical treatment techniques we use:

In the United States, there are approximately:

The human spinal cord is divided into 31 segments. A spinal cord injury is classified depending on where it occurs:

When the spinal cord is damaged, all functions below the point of injury are affected. This means that the higher the injury, the more dysfunction can occur. Our team can help bring back life to paralyzed limbs for all levels of injury through the latest surgical techniques.

Spinal cord injuries are either complete or incomplete. In a complete SCI, the brain and spinal cord are unable to communicate with the rest of the body below the point of injury. In an incomplete SCI, the spinal cord still has the ability to send messages from or to the brain.

The impact of a spinal cord injury on overall bodily function is assessed by the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale.

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Spinal Cord Injuries - UC San Diego Health

Recommendation and review posted by sam

Frank Amprim An ATV accident left Frank with a broken back and a prognosis that hed never run again. One year later, Frank is running his first 5K, and his therapist is running right beside him. Clickhere to read his story.

Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Not all spinal cord injuries are alike, nor are all rehabilitation programs the same. Therefore, choosing the right rehabilitation program for someone with a spinal cord injury can make all the difference in the world.

RIM offers the regions most comprehensive approach to spinal cord injury rehabilitation.

Our commitment to excellence in SCI rehabilitation is reflected in our accreditation by The Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF) as a Spinal Cord System of Care, the only program in southeast Michigan with that specialty accreditation.

But what makes RIMs SCI program truly unique is that it addresses the entire spectrum of rehabilitation care for spinal cord injury. The program has four distinct phases. Click on the links below to learn more about each phase.

The program also includes a comprehensive list of specialty services that take into account the multitude of needs and quality of life of people with spinal cord injuries, from the earliest stages to a lifetime of health, sports, and fitness.

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Spinal Cord Injury - DMC RIM Rehab

Recommendation and review posted by sam

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For years, the cornerstones of cancer treatment have been surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Over the last decade, targeted therapies like imatinib (Gleevec) and trastuzumab (Herceptin)drugs that target cancer cells by homing in on specific molecular changes seen primarily in those cellshave also emerged as standard treatments for a number of cancers.

Illustration of the components of second- and third-generation chimeric antigen receptor T cells. (Adapted by permission from the American Association for Cancer Research: Lee, DW et al. The Future Is Now: Chimeric Antigen Receptors as New Targeted Therapies for Childhood Cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 2012;18(10); 278090. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-1920)

And now, despite years of starts and stutter steps, excitement is growing for immunotherapytherapies that harness the power of a patients immune system to combat their disease, or what some in the research community are calling the fifth pillar of cancer treatment.

One approach to immunotherapy involves engineering patients own immune cells to recognize and attack their tumors. And although this approach, called adoptive cell transfer (ACT), has been restricted to small clinical trials so far, treatments using these engineered immune cells have generated some remarkable responses in patients with advanced cancer.

For example, in several early-stage trials testing ACT in patients with advanced acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who had few if any remaining treatment options, many patients cancers have disappeared entirely. Several of these patients have remained cancer free for extended periods.

Equally promising results have been reported in several small trials involving patients with lymphoma.

These are small clinical trials, their lead investigators cautioned, and much more research is needed.

But the results from the trials performed thus far are proof of principle that we can successfully alter patients T cells so that they attack their cancer cells, said one of the trial's leaders, Renier J. Brentjens, M.D., Ph.D., of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) in New York.

Adoptive cell transfer is like giving patients a living drug, continued Dr. Brentjens.

Thats because ACTs building blocks are T cells, a type of immune cell collected from the patients own blood. After collection, the T cells are genetically engineered to produce special receptors on their surface called chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). CARs are proteins that allow the T cells to recognize a specific protein (antigen) on tumor cells. These engineered CAR T cells are then grown in the laboratory until they number in the billions.

The expanded population of CAR T cells is then infused into the patient. After the infusion, if all goes as planned, the T cells multiply in the patients body and, with guidance from their engineered receptor, recognize and kill cancer cells that harbor the antigen on their surfaces.

Although adoptive cell transfer has been restricted to small clinical trials so far, treatments using these engineered immune cells have generated some remarkable responses in patients with advanced cancer.

This process builds on a similar form of ACT pioneered by Steven Rosenberg, M.D., Ph.D., and his colleagues from NCIs Surgery Branch for patients with advanced melanoma.

The CAR T cells are much more potent than anything we can achieve with other immune-based treatments being studied, said Crystal Mackall, M.D., of NCIs Pediatric Oncology Branch (POB).

Even so, investigators working in this field caution that there is still much to learn about CAR T-cell therapy. But the early results from trials like these have generated considerable optimism.

CAR T-cell therapy eventually may become a standard therapy for some B-cell malignancies like ALL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Dr. Rosenberg wrote in a Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology article.

More than 80 percent of children who are diagnosed with ALL that arises in B cellsthe predominant type of pediatric ALLwill be cured by intensive chemotherapy.

For patients whose cancers return after intensive chemotherapy or a stem cell transplant, the remaining treatment options are close to none, said Stephan Grupp, M.D., Ph.D., of the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and the lead investigator of a trial testing CAR T cells primarily in children with ALL. This treatment may represent a much-needed new option for such patients, he said.

Trials of CAR T cells in adults and children with leukemia and lymphoma have used T cells engineered to target the CD19 antigen, which is present on the surface of nearly all B cells, both normal and cancerous.

In the CHOP trial, which is being conducted in collaboration with researchers from the University of Pennsylvania, all signs of cancer disappeared (a complete response) in 27 of the 30 patients treated in the study, according to findings published October 16 in the New England Journal of Medicine.

Nineteen of the 27 patients with complete responses have remained in remission, the study authors reported, with 15 of these patients receiving no further therapy and 4 patients withdrawing from the trial to receive other therapy.

According to the most recent data from a POB trial that included children with ALL, 14 of 20 patients had a complete response. And of the 12 patients who had no evidence of leukemic cells, called blasts, in their bone marrow after CAR T-cell treatment, 10 have gone on to receive a stem cell transplant and remain cancer free, reported the studys lead investigator, Daniel W. Lee, M.D., also of the POB.

Dr. Crystal Mackall

Our findings strongly suggest that CAR T-cell therapy is a useful bridge to bone marrow transplant for patients who are no longer responding to chemotherapy, Dr. Lee said.

Similar results have been seen in phase I trials of adult patients conducted at MSKCC and NCI.

In findings published in February 2014, 14 of the 16 participants in the MSKCC trial treated to that point had experienced complete responses, which in some cases occurred 2 weeks or sooner after treatment began. Of those patients who were eligible, 7 underwent a stem cell transplant and are still cancer free.

The NCI-led trial of CAR T cells included 15 adult patients, the majority of whom had advanced diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Most patients in the trial had either complete or partial responses, reported James Kochenderfer, M.D., and his NCI colleagues.

Our data provide the first true glimpse of the potential of this approach in patients with aggressive lymphomas that, until this point, were virtually untreatable, Dr. Kochenderfer said. [NCI Surgery Branch researchers have also reported promising results from one of the first trials testing CAR T cells derived from donors, rather than the patients themselves, to treat leukemia and lymphoma.]

Other findings from the trials have been encouraging, as well. For example, the number of CAR T cells increased dramatically after infusion into patients, as much as 1,000-fold in some individuals. In addition, after infusion, CAR T cells were detected in the central nervous system, a so-called sanctuary site where solitary cancer cells that have evaded chemotherapy or radiation may hide. In two patients in the NCI pediatric trial, the CAR T-cell treatment eradicated cancer that had spread to the central nervous system.

If CAR T cells can persist at these sites, it could help fend off relapses, Dr. Mackall noted.

CAR T-cell therapy can cause several worrisome side effects, perhaps the most troublesome being cytokine-release syndrome.

The infused T cells release cytokines, which are chemical messengers that help the T cells carry out their duties. With cytokine-release syndrome, there is a rapid and massive release of cytokines into the bloodstream, which can lead to dangerously high fevers and precipitous drops in blood pressure.

Cytokine-release syndrome is a common problem in patients treated with CAR T cells. In the POB and CHOP trials, patients with the most extensive disease prior to receiving the CAR T cells were more likely to experience severe cases of cytokine-release syndrome.

For most patients, trial investigators have reported, the side effects are mild enough that they can be managed with standard supportive therapies, including steroids.

The research team at CHOP noticed that patients experiencing severe reactions all had particularly high levels of IL-6, a cytokine that is secreted by T cells and macrophages in response to inflammation. So they turned to two drugs that are approved to treat inflammatory conditions like juvenile arthritis: etanercept (Enbrel) and tocilizumab (Actemra), the latter of which blocks IL-6 activity.

The patients had excellent responses to the treatment, Dr. Grupp said. We believe that [these drugs] will be a major part of toxicity management for these patients.

The other two teams subsequently used tocilizumab in several patients. Dr. Brentjens agreed that both drugs could become a useful way to help manage cytokine-release syndrome because, unlike steroids, they dont appear to affect the infused CAR T cells activity or proliferation.

Even with these encouraging preliminary findings, more research is needed before CAR T-cell therapy becomes a routine option for patients with ALL.

We need to treat more patients and have longer follow-up to really say what the impact of this therapy is [and] to understand its true performance characteristics, Dr. Grupp said.

We need to treat more patients and have longer follow-up to really say what the impact of this therapy is [and] to understand its true performance characteristics.

Dr. Stephan Grupp

Several other trials testing CAR T cells in children and adults are ongoing and, with greater interest and involvement from the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sector, more trials testing CAR T cells are being planned.

Researchers are also studying ways to improve on the positive results obtained to date, including refining the process by which the CAR T cells are produced.

Research groups like Dr. Brentjens are also working to make a superior CAR T cell, including developing a better receptor and identifying better targets.

For example, Dr. Lee and his colleagues at NCI have developed CAR T cells that target the CD22 antigen, which is also present on most B cells, although in smaller quantities than CD19. The CD22-targeted T cells, he believes, could be used in concert with CD19-targeted T cells as a one-two punch in ALL and other B-cell cancers. NCI researchers hope to begin the first clinical trial testing the CD22-targeted CAR T cells in November 2014.

Based on the success thus far, several research groups across the country are turning their attention to developing engineered T cells for other cancers, including solid tumorslike pancreatic and brain cancers.

The stage has now been set for greater progress, Dr. Lee believes.

NCI investigators, for example, now have a platform to plug and play better CARs into that system, without a lot of additional R&D time, he continued. Everything else should now come more rapidly.

The rest is here:
CAR T-Cell Immunotherapy for ALL - National Cancer Institute

Recommendation and review posted by simmons

We observed similar stem cell plasticity when we purified and tested the myoepithelial stem cells from sweat glands (Lu et al., 2012; Blanpain and Fuchs, 2014). Similar to myoepithelial stem cells of mammary glands, these stem cells normally act unipotently and only replenish dying myoepithelial cells of the gland. However, when purified by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and transplanted directly into a mammary fat pad, the stem cells can regenerate the complete bi-layered gland, and the new luminal cells secrete sweat. Moreover, when engrafted to the skin, these stem cells can make epidermis. An area of interest in my lab is to understand the environmental cues that dictate the fascinating plasticity of epithelial stem cells, and to elucidate the chromatin remodeling that leads to the changes in gene expression necessary to generate different tissues from a common progenitor.

To understand how a stem cell chooses its differentiation pathway, we have taken several approaches. An ongoing approach of the lab is to express different fluorescent proteins under the control of various skin promoters, active at different stages in stem cells and their lineages. Through FACS, we've purified cells at different time points along the lineages and generated a battery of lineage-specific profiles, enabling us to define at an mRNA (RNA-seq) and chromatin (ChIP-seq) level how stem cells change as they transition from quiescence to activation to lineage determination. Our global objective is to exploit this information to understand how stem cells receive signals, change their program of gene expression and select a lineage. We also want to understand the functional significance of these changes. The beauty of the hair follicle as a model is that it is currently the only system where sufficient quantities of stem cells can be isolated directly from their native niche in order to carry out whole-genome wide analyses in vivo. This eliminates the caveats arising from culturing cells, namely induction of a stress response and large-scale epigenetic changes in gene expression.

For the hair follicle, >150 mRNAs are selectively upregulated in the bulge stem cells relative to their short-lived progeny (Tumbar et al., 2004; Blanpain et al., 2004; Keyes et al., 2013). A number of these changes are in transcription factors and epigenetic regulators. Weve conducted in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation and high throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) on chromatin from hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and their short-lived progeny. Bioinformatics reveals which genes bind these transcription factors, and how this changes as the stem cells progress to form transiently dividing cells that then terminally differentiate along one of the 7 distinct concentric cell layers that constitute the hair and its channel. By conducting high throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on HFSCs lacking each of these genes, weve learned which target genes depend upon binding these transcription factors. Finally, by engineering inducible-conditional knockouts to selectively remove these transcription factors in the stem cells, weve learned the physiological relevance of these factors.

Based upon these analyses, TCF3/TCF4, LHX2 and SOX9 are all essential for maintaining the hair follicle stem cells in their native niche (Nguyen et al., 2006; 2009; Rhee et al., 2006; Folgueras et al., 2013; Lien et al., 2011; 2014; Nowak et al., 2008; Kadaja et al., 2014). In addition, LHX2 represses sebaceous gland differentiation: following its loss, the stem cell niche soon becomes a sebaceous gland (Folgueras et al., 2013). SOX9 represses epidermal differentiation: following its loss, the niche becomes an epidermal cyst (Kadaja et al., 2014). TCF3 and TCF4 repress HF differentiation: following their loss, quiescent HFSCs precociously activate a new hair cycle (Lien et al., 2014). TCF3 and TCF4 can partner with -catenin, which is stabilized and becomes nuclear upon Wnt signaling: if -catenin is silenced in the quiescent HFSCs, they never reenter a new hair cycle. In their native niche, quiescent HFSCs express a transcriptional repressor TLE4 which binds to TCF3 and TCF4: our findings are consistent with the view that Wnt signaling functions by relieving TCF3/4/TLE4-mediated repression (Lien et al., 2014).

NFATc1 is required for maintaining HFSC quiescence, and in its absence, HFs cycle precociously (Horsley et al., 2008). Additionally, NFATc1 is downstream of BMP signaling, offering a potential explanation as to why BMP signaling must be lowered to activate hair cycling. A major feature of the aging HFSC signature is elevated NFATc1 target genes, and we can stimulate old follicles by inhibiting NFATc1 (Keyes et al., 2013). A major question still to be answered is whether HFSCs have an endless capacity for hair cycling and whether this same phenomenon operates in aging scalp hairs in humans. If so, these findings may open new doors for future therapeutics.

NFiB is a transcription factor which is specific to the HFSCs, but functions by repressing the expression of genes that are essential for the differentiation of the melanocyte stem cells, which reside within the same stem cell niche (Chang et al., 2013). These two stem cell populations must be activated at the same time so that differentiating melanocytes can transfer pigment to the differentiating hair cells to provide the natural coloring to our hair. Loss of NFiB uncouples this crosstalk and leads to the precocious activation of a key NFiB target gene that encodes a secreted melanocyte differentiation factor (Chang et al., 2013).

There are a number of additional transcription factors and epigenetic regulators which are enhanced in the complex milieu of HF stem cell chromatin, and there is still much to be learned. Of the epigenetic regulators, weve thus far examined only the role of polycomb chromatin repressor complexes, which weve shown function critically in controlling the fate switch from a stem cell to a committed, transit-amplifying state (Ezhkova et al., 2009; 2011; Lien et al., 2011). In coming years, we will continue to systematically work our way through the functional significance and mechanism of action of epigenetic and transcriptional controls on stem cells as they transit from a quiescent to activated to committed state. When coupled with our recent ability to efficiently knockdown genes in a few days using lentiviral-mediated shRNA delivery (Beronja et al., 2010), this now becomes a powerful tool for exploiting bioinformatics analyses to gain biological insights.

Our ultimate goal is to understand how external signals from the surrounding niche microenvironment impact chromatin dynamics to achieve tissue production. Equally important will be the expression of specific genes that enables them to remodel their cytoskeleton and adhesive contacts and either form a stratified epidermis or an epithelial bud that can then develop into a hair follicle (Perez-Moreno et al., 2003; Blanpain and Fuchs, 2009; Hsu et al., 2014). While our model is the skin, the problem is a general one of how a single epithelial stem cell gives rise to a spatially organized, functional tissue. It is also integrally linked to understanding the basis of cancer progression.

Read the original post:
The Rockefeller University Stem Cells of the Skin and ...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Proband, proposito (male proband), or proposita (female proband)[1] is a term used most often in medical genetics and other medical fields to denote a particular subject (person or animal) being studied or reported on.[2] On pedigrees, the proband is noted with a square (male) or circle (female) shaded accordingly. It is important to denote the proband, so that the relationship to other individuals can be seen and patterns established.

In most cases, the proband is the first affected family member who seeks medical attention for a genetic disorder.[2] Among the ancestors of the proband, there may be other subjects with the manifest disease, but the proband typically refers to the member seeking medical attention or being studied, even if affected ancestors are known. Often affected ancestors are unknown due to the lack of information regarding those individuals or about the disease at the time they lived. Other ancestors might be undiagnosed due to the incomplete penetrance or variable expressivity.

The diagnosis of a proband raises the index of suspicion for the proband's relatives and some of them may be diagnosed with the same disease. Conventionally, when drawing a pedigree chart, instead of the first diagnosed person, the proband may be chosen from among the affected ancestors (parents, grandparents) from the first generation where the disease is found.

The term proband is also used in genealogy, where it denotes the root node of an ahnentafel, also referred to as the progenitor.

Go here to read the rest:
Proband - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Introduction

A bone marrow transplant, alsoknown as a haemopoietic stem cell transplant, replaces damaged bone marrow with healthy bone marrow stem cells.

Bone marrow is aspongytissue found in the hollow centres of some bones. It contains specialist stem cells, which produce the body's blood cells.

Stem cells in bone marrow produce three important types of blood cells:

Bone marrow transplants are often needed to treat conditions thatdamage bone marrow. If bone marrow is damaged, it is no longer able to produce normal blood cells. The new stem cells take over blood cellproduction.

Conditions that bone marrow transplants are used to treat include:

Read more about why a bone marrow transplantis needed.

A bone marrow transplant involves taking healthy stem cells from the bone marrow of one person and transferring them to the bone marrow of another person.

In some cases, it may be possible to take the bone marrow from your own body. This is known as an autologous transplantation. Before it is returned, the bone marrow is cleared of any damaged or diseased cells.

A bone marrowtransplant has five stages. These are:

Having a bone marrow transplant can be an intensive and challenging experience. Many people take up to a year to fully recover from the procedure.

Read more about what happens during a bone marrow transplant.

Bone marrow transplants are usually only recommended if:

Read more about who can have a bone marrow transplant.

Bone marrow transplants arecomplicated procedures with significant risks.

In some cases, the transplanted cells (graft cells) recognise the recipient's cells as "foreign"and try to attack them. This is known as graft versus host disease (GvHD).

The risk of infectionis alsoincreased because your immune system is weakened when you're conditioned (prepared) for the transplant.

Read more about the risks of having a bone marrow transplant.

It's nowpossible to harvest stem cells from sources other than bone marrow.

Peripheral blood stem cell donation involves injectinga medicine into the donor's blood thatcauses the stem cells to moveout of the bone marrow and into the bloodstream where theycan be harvested (collected).

The advantage of this type of stem cell donation is that the donor doesn't needa general anaesthetic.

Stem cells can also be collectedfrom the placenta and umbilical cord of a newborn baby and stored in a laboratory until they're needed.

Cord blood stem cells are very usefulbecause they don't need to be as closely matched as bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells for a successful outcome.

Find out more about theNHS Cord Blood Bank(external link).

Page last reviewed: 18/02/2014

Next review due: 18/02/2016

Originally posted here:
Bone marrow transplant - NHS Choices

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

GMAP: A Genomic Mapping and Alignment Program for mRNA and EST Sequences, and GSNAP: Genomic Short-read Nucleotide Alignment Program

Links are provided below in parentheses for users who wish to download the files with a command-line tool, like wget.

As of December 2011, there is a new mailing list at gsnap-users for issues relating to both GMAP and GSNAP. You can sign up there to receive release notices, ask questions, or see previous messages. If you have a bug to report or a feature to request, you can send email to gsnap-users@ebi.ac.uk (you will have to subscribe to the list first, though, or the message will be held for me to approve) or directly to me at Thomas Wu (twu@gene.com).

Pre-built genome database for GMAP and GSNAP. This will work only with versions 2013-10-01 until 2014-03-28, and lacks the suffix array that helps GSNAP achieve high speeds. An example database for the current versions 2014-04-01 and later is pending. In the meantime, you should build your own genome database with the gmap_build program included with this software.

README file from the source code distribution. Contains basic usage information.

Software demonstration given at ISMB 2005. Contains various examples of GMAP usage. [Slides]

References:

Supplementary information for Bioinformatics 2005 publication on GMAP:

Visit link:
GMAP - Genentech

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

CTBR/RTRN collaboration uncovers new neurological disorder treatment and prevention properties of green tea.

Read more.

CC Image courtesy of Brandie Kajino on Flickr

Come chat with us at our exhibitor boothsat this year's scientific conferencesto learn more about CTBR's research programs, activities, and opportunities.

Pictured: CTBR member Dr. Ben Ortiz (left) and RISE student Devin Cohen (right).

You can help keep our resources available for all future research. Simply cite the NIH/NIMHD RCMI Program at Hunter College, CUNY MD007599 in your posters and publications.

Read ScienceInsider's interview with Dr. Eliseo Prez-Stable.

Follow us on twitter @CTBRHunter for the latest news and announcements!

7 of our members received professional development awards for pilot projects, seed funding, and more. Read about the awards.

UPDATE: Visit the symposium page for video links to all presentations, the meeting report and photos!

Read this article:
Welcome to The Center for Translational and Basic Research ...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Enzyme Bioscience Pvt.Ltd is an innovative manufacturer and provider of QUALITY Enzymes Products and services to the Bio Pharmaceuticals, Food, Feed industries since 2012.when its founder started with an enzyme Producing company specialized in plant origin enzyme, in order to better serve customers. He set up GMP Compliance Enzymes formulations facility in Surat (India).

Company is well equipped with Professional laboratory run by Qualified Personal to ensure Quality Control from Raw materials to finished products.

Enzyme Bioscience Pvt. Ltd. is a professional manufacturer of Allied formulations for Bio Pharmaceutical,Food/Feed Industry which bring added value to our valuable customers. Enzyme Bioscience Pvt. Ltd. has been recognized as a reliable partner that helps to improve their products because of consistent high quality, competitive price and excellent services.

We are Manufacturing Enzyme Formulations in both liquid and powder forms. Among the many varied applications for these enzymes are:

Bio Pharma Industry: Serratiopeptidase IP, Trypsin Chymotrypsin Mix, Fungal Diastase IP, Papain IP/USP, Bromelain 2400 GDU, Pancreatin IP/BP/USP, Pepsin IP,Azithromycin,Ox bile Extract.

Food Industry: Malt Extract, Starch, Grain Processing, Meat Tenderize Enzymes.

Feed Enzymes: Phytase, Animal Health & Nutrition Products such as quality feed additives and premixes, which solutions for natural growth promoting concept as well as other specific solutions which address dietary requirements for swine, poultry, dairy and beef cattle as well as aquaculture.

Enzyme Bioscience Pvt. Ltd. are offering higher quality products ie.higher enzyme activity, stability, less enzyme dosage,easier processing, higher yield, that are greatly helpful to improve their finished products.

Read the original:
Enzyme Bioscience Private Limited

Recommendation and review posted by sam