Moles and skin tags are common skin problems. They might be aggravating as well. They could turn out to be harmful at times. The etiology of all skin tags is unknown. Some people develop skin tags due to friction, such as when their jewelry or seat belt scrapes against a particular portion of their body.

The majority of skin tags are completely safe. Theyre just clumps of some free collagen fibrils that have grown on the covered or folded skin. The majority of moles are likewise noncancerous; however, certain moles should be examined by a specialist to ensure they arent cancerous. Skin tags and moles may be easily removed at home, fortunately. Skin tag and mole removal techniques and treatments are available today that can be used at home itself, which could safely, rapidly, and discreetly remove skin tags. Skin tags can also be removed using natural therapies.

Our skin changes dramatically as we get older. Caring for our skin may feel like a full-time job, from dry patches and fine wrinkles to dark spots and rosacea. One of the most problematic aspects of growing older is skin tags, which may be easily treated, fortunately. The most delicate skin tag removers are simple to apply, extremely powerful, quick to work, and dont require a dermatologists visit.

A skin tag is most commonly caused by friction and so appears where the skin scrapes against clothes or other skin. Skin tags typically occur in the armpits, beneath the breasts, necks, and eyelids. These fleshy lumps can appear at any age, but they are more frequent in older adults in their forties and fifties, especially those aged 60 and over. They can also be ugly, despite their benign nature.

Getting a skin tag removed at a dermatologists clinic might be costly. Furthermore, insurance may or may not cover it based on whether the excision is judged for cosmetic reasons. Fortunately, there is another option. Over-the-counter skin tag removers can be safe, effective, and far less expensive than a doctor visit.

Weve compiled a list of the best-rated skin tag removers so you can get rid of those pesky lumps without having to visit a specialist. These solutions, which range from topical lotions to high-tech gadgets, will clean things up in no time.

This article consists of the most popular items on the market today to answer that question. Here are the results of our poll.

Attempting to eradicate skin tags, moles, or warts is usually not worth it. Dermatologists have spent years developing the appropriate treatment for many skin diseases. Most of the time, they either fail to identify a cost-effective and straightforward solution or fail altogether.

Hence you can use Derma Correct, a well-known dropper-dispensing skin tag removal solution that is packed in a container made up of glass. You apply the solution to your skin tag with the dropper regularly. The company says it securely removes skin tags from any part of your body in just a few days.

Derma Correct promises to naturally eliminate skin tags and moles while making your skin seem younger and more vibrant. Derma Correct tags and mole removal serum has been thoroughly researched. Lets have a look at the findings of our investigation.

Bloodroot, Aloe vera, and other fruit extracts and essential oils are among the substances used by Derma Correct. Theyre high in antioxidants, nutrients, and minerals.

Derma Correct is a ground-breaking scientific solution that has been endorsed by international authorities in the United States and other countries as well. It cleanses the skins subcutaneous tissues by penetrating deep into them. It eliminates any toxic elements that might lead to skin growth or scarring. Remove any skin tags after that. It may also be able to remove stains, spots, and discoloration.

Derma Correct for skin tags is also an effective serum. It works well on moles, skin tags, and warts. Read Derma Correct skin reviews to get the truth. Derma Correct is a painless procedure that is used all over the world. The reason for this is due to the use of natural substances. This solvent skin tag remover claims to be a non-invasive and cost-effective way to deal with obstinate skin problems. It can also create a protective barrier that is both reasonable and active, shielding the skin from contaminants.

Derma Correct also contains turmeric, which is not seen in other skin tag removal products. Urethane, a natural anti-inflammatory found in turmeric, may help to sustain irritation. It can aid in the reduction of scarring following the removal of a skin tag.

This lotion was created to remove skin tags and moles from your skin safely. The composition, which contains natural substances such as camellia oil, sunflower seed oil, argan oil, and others, aids in developing newer healthy skin growth and preventing scarring. For optimal effects, clean the affected areas and use the lotion 2 or 3 times a day.

Unlike most other treatments, Extreme Skin Tag Remover Cream goes straight to the source of your skin tags or moles and eliminates them permanently. This low-cost solution yields rapid results. This item is more than sufficient! You just have to spread the ointment to your moles or skin tags.

Skin tags are unpleasant to look at, so get rid of them at home! Apply it just 3-4 times each day to the afflicted region. Theres no need to worry about freezing, bands, or pricey medical procedures! Extreme Skin Tag Removal Cream is an excellent choice rather than surgery, which may be costly and time-consuming. Skin tags or blemishes will usually come out on their own after three weeks.

This is an excellent skin tag remover for all skin types and delicate places! Your moles or skin tags will come out painlessly! This sophisticated skin tag remover is safe to use on both your body and face. Other products can cause burns by chemically dissolving or scorching skin tags, causing pain and scars. This solution does not use chemicals to remove skin tags or moles; instead, it dries them up, allowing them to shrink and fall off naturally when washing and in everyday life.

SkinCell Pro is a 100% organic, chemical-free serum filled with plant antioxidants and minerals. Skincell Pro is used as a skin tag removal solution that eliminates skin tags and moles from any part of your body using a novel, all-natural formula. It is designed to target tags, moles, dark spots, and dead tissue without causing discomfort. As per the company, Skincell Pro might eliminate blemishes in as little as 8 hours, which is faster than practically every other skin tag removal technique on our list.

The all-natural recipe also helps to fortify the skin by providing the right amount of natural precipitation and suppleness. If used properly, even the most unsightly skin warts and blemishes can be removed, and considerable skin improvement can be accomplished. Overall, Skin Cell provides reliable skin treatment for persons having various skin problems. Skincell Pros topical solution comprises sanguinaria Canadensis and zincum muriaticum to achieve these results. These substances act in four stages to eliminate the skin tag from your body while preventing scarring.

Most skincare solutions address the surface symptoms, leaving the core reason unaddressed. It is the primary cause of treatment failure since they are ineffective in addressing the core cause. Though some of them treat the problem, they arent manufactured so that you wont experience any adverse side effects.

You need to be careful about whether the remedy you select is safe, natural, and efficient. SkinCell Pro is built to meet these requirements and deliver the promised outcomes. To make the serum safe and dependable, the developer worked at an FDA-approved facility in the United States.

The moment you spread and apply this liquid solution to the damaged skin area, the Skin Cell with its active and Pro components penetrate the affected area and signal your blood and the immune system to release WBC and eradicate the mole or skin tag. Additionally, the serum-applied region becomes irritated, and a scab forms over it. You can stop using the serum at this point, which is precisely 8 hours after the initial application. The scab then develops over the lesion, allowing it to fall off naturally. After removing it from your skin, apply Skin Cell repair lotion or a Neosporin-type substance to prevent scarring and let the skin heal back.

CompoundW is the most renowned mole and skin tag removal method in the market today, both online and in shops. CompoundW is a safe and efficient approach to removing small tags at home, as recommended by specialists. CompoundWs technology, the first do-it-yourself topical skin tag removal, employs a pinpoint-precision applicator to quickly freeze skin tags with a specially designed solution of dimethyl ether and propane. This set includes TagTarget skin shields, which are essentially circle-shaped stickers that cover your surrounding skin while exposing only the skin tag to avoid discomfort.

CompoundW works in a two-step process: first, you have to clean the skin tag area with the little plastic gadget that comes with the package. The skin tag is then quickly frozen using the foam tip applicator. CompoundW is one of our favorites since it allows you to remove the skin tag without hurting the skins surrounding area. The TagTarget enables you to concentrate on the skin tag or mole. This drug is only to be used on the skin. Do not allow this drug to come in contact with your eyes, nose, mouth, groin, or any damaged skin to avoid irritation. If you receive the medicine in specific locations, rinse it out for 15 minutes with lukewarm water. After each usage, wash your hands.

CompoundW, which costs roughly $34 for an 8-application home removal kit, can assist you to remove a skin tag fast, conveniently, and affordably at home without having to see a physician or dermatologist. The dosage is determined by your medical condition, medication type/brand, and treatment response. Do not take larger doses, use this drug more frequently, or use it longer than recommended. Your health will not improve faster, but the risk of adverse effects will be higher.

Skincell Advanced is a highly concentrated serum that may remove moles and skin tags. Using the supplied brush, apply the solution to your skin tag. Salicylic acid is used in the skin tag remover to loosen and eradicate it, which helps in healing skin defects such as skin tags, warts, and moles. The Skincell Advanced is an excellent serum composed entirely of natural components that help to avoid unsightly moles and troublesome skin tags. This is a quick and straightforward remedy suitable for all skin types.

This Skincell Advanced liquid serum reaches the mole or skin tags root, stimulating the WBC to blemish, eliminate, and mend the problem. In addition, this serum might be used anyplace on the body to provide benefits in as little as 8 hours. To ensure quality, the Skincell Advanced serum is created and manufactured in the United States under rigorous guidelines and in an FDA-approved facility.

Applying two applications of Skin Cell Advanced twice a day is all it takes to get rid of a skin tag. Allow for drying time between treatments, then repeat the procedure each day for up to 12-14 weeks to complete the removal. All moles and skin tags are removed from the skin using the Skin Cell Advanced Serum. The serums potent formula enters the skins outer and inner layer and treats the underlying causes of the problems. The Skincell Advanced Mole Treatment operates in three steps to achieve tight and smooth skin.

The response will deploy an army of white blood cells to the affected area to begin healing. A scab will grow over the blemish if the applied area becomes somewhat irritated. After that, the serum will allow the body to function normally. As a result, if a scab appears after using the serum, you should cease using it. A unique mix of castor oils and tea trees is used in Skin Cell Advanced. This blend of oils has long been used as purifiers and cleaners. You may safely and swiftly eradicate the unsightly blemish by treating your skin tag or mole with it regularly.

The Ulensy Skin Tag Remover is the most extensive skin tag removal kit on our list, with 36 parts. Each package includes 36 healing skin patches, 12 cleaning wipes, 24 standard bands, and an instruction handbook, as well as everything you need to remove skin tags swiftly and safely. Get two skin tag removal procedures for the price of one. To help you target your most problematic skin tags, this package contains a band applier, bands, skin patches, and cleaning wipes. Rather than spending money on cosmetic surgery, try this easy and painless procedure to help cut the blood flow to skin tags, leaving you with smooth skin in your stead.

Ulensy suggests utilizing their Skin Tag Remover Kit for tiny and big skin tags. Using the kit appropriately, you may safely remove skin tags without causing deep scars or irritations.

Soft and Smooth skin, which is healthy inside and outside and blemish-free, is an essential factor closely linked to your self-esteem. The Ulensy tag remover is a simple but highly effective and efficient treatment that helps restore the attractiveness of your skin while also removing unsightly skin tags! This skin tag removing gadget has everything youll need for a comfortable and easy experience, including a remover cone, 30 healing skin patches, band remover, 24 bands, ten cleansing wipes, and one handbook.

Follow the Ulensy Skin Tag Remover guide manuals six simple procedures. Skin tags may be removed in the comfort zone of your own house, without the need for a painful or costly doctor appointment. These skin tag removal treatments effectively remove medium and big skin tags without any permanent marks leftover or uncomfortable sensations. This mole remover for the face cuts the blood supply to skin tags or moles, leaving your skin smoother, cleaner, and fresher than before!

Another effective skin tag removal kit is the Micro TagBand. TagBand employs ligation to stop blood flow to your skin tag, enabling it to come off rapidly. TagBands tool, the Micro TagBand skin tag pen, targeted more petite, more difficult-to-treat skin tags. It works the same way as other kit items, slipping an even tinier rubber band around minuscule skin tags. To use, wrap one of the rubber bands around the pens base and click the pen to release it around the unwanted growth. Precision targeting is a snap with this easy-to-hold pen, which easily bands off even the most miniature skin tags.

TagBand uses small bands to cut blood supply to treat the skin tags like several other skin tag removals. This blood flow is necessary for the skin tags development and survival. You may remove the skin tag safely and naturally by reducing blood flow. The Micro TagBand is designed for skin tags that are small to medium in size. TagBand is intended for use on skin tags on the face and body, although it is not recommended to be used near the eyes.

Each package contains 1x TagBand removal gadget, 10x Micro removal bands, and 10x cleaning wipes to treat ten skin tags. Each Micro TagBand kit is capable of treating up to ten skin tags. Each package includes one TagBand removal gadget, ten tiny removal bands, and ten washing wipes. The box is intended for skin tags that are tiny to medium in size. However, the original TagBand kit can be used for more extensive skin tags.

Every technology for removing skin tags and moles claims to do it safely. Unfortunately, the majority of them are ineffective.

We evaluated the following parameters to identify the top genuine and worst skin tag removal kits to establish the rankings above:

A few skin tag removal kits include features such as a protective cover that allows you to concentrate on the skin tag while avoiding damage to the skin area. We chose skin tags with a focus on security.

Salicylic acid, tea tree oil, Freezing solutions, and other proven components are used in certain skin tag removal essentials to eradicate skin tags. Few others utilize dubious chemicals like apple cider vinegar or homeopathic medicines. Skin tag removal kits that employed tried-and-true substances or processes were our favorites.

Most dermatologists do not recommend skin tag removal kits. They can be harmful if misused. Thats why dermatologist-recommended or authorized skin tag removal kits are very valuable. Dermatologists have authorized, certified, and promoted some of our lists top-ranked skin tag removal kits.

Some skin tag removal kits appear inexpensive, but youll need three or four to remove a typical skin tag. Other skin tag removal kits are affordable, allowing you to remove a skin tag for a fraction of the cost of a doctors visit.

All good skin tag manufacturers offer a money-back or satisfaction guarantee on their goods. Even the most effective skin tag removal products arent practical for everyone. You should be able to get a refund if your skin tag removal kit fails to remove your skin tag. Our favorites were skin tag removal kits with a strong money-back or satisfaction guarantee.

A skin tag or mole is a little, soft, dangling skin with a peduncle or stalk. They can appear anywhere on the body, although they are more common where skin scrapes against flesh or clothes. A skin tag is a strand of collagen fibers in the skin. Collagen is the most prevalent protein in the body, and its what gives your skin its structure. A skin tag can be creased when strips of collagen gather together in folds of your skin.

Skin tags are usually unharmful. Some people, though, find them irritating. Others think theyre unattractive. You may acquire a skin tag or mole removal kit to use at home if you are suffering from a skin tag that you wish to remove. Alternatively, you might get the skin tag removed by a dermatologist or another expert.

They might show on:

When theyre in a conspicuous location or are constantly touched or scraped, such as by clothes, jewelry, or shaving, they generally go unnoticed. Some people may have skin tags and are entirely unaware of them. They rub off or fall off painlessly on their own sometimes. However, under strain, huge skin tags may explode.

Skin tags can have a smooth or uneven look on their surface. On fleshy peduncles or stalks, they are lifted from the skins surface. They are generally fleshy or somewhat brownish. Skin tags begin as a tiny, flattened lump, similar to a pinhead bump. Some remain tiny, while others expand. They can be 2 mm to 1 cm in diameter, some reaching 5cm.

The etiology of all skin tags is unknown. However, we are aware of several risk factors related to skin tags. Skin tags are caused when clusters of collagen and blood arteries become caught inside more significant portions of the skin, although the specific reason for this is unknown.

They may be generated mainly through skin rubbing against skin since they are more frequent in skin creases or folds. Some people appear to be predisposed to developing skin tags. The most significant risk here in getting skin tags is obesity. Skin tags are far more likely to occur in those with a higher risk of developing obesity. Skin tags affect both men and women; however, they are more common in obese persons, those with diabetes, and during pregnancy.

Skin tags are another typical pregnancy side effect linked to pregnancy hormones and weight increase. In rare situations, multiple skin tags might indicate a hormone imbalance or an endocrine disorder.

Researchers discovered that type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetic patients were highly prone to get skin tags in a 2010 study. Your body absorbs glucose from your body and blood vessels less effectively if you have diabetes or pre-diabetes. Hence, Skin tags are more likely to form as a result.

A 2008 study discovered a link between human papillomavirus (HPV) and skin tags. Some samples of these Skin tags were obtained from all over the body by the researchers. HPV DNA was found in around half of the skin tags analyzed.

When pregnant, a woman is more likely to acquire skin tags. Skin tags appear to be more likely to form when pregnancy hormones and weight gain are combined.

Skin tags can indicate a thyroid problem or an endocrine disorder in certain people. In general, additional study is needed to establish the etiology of all skin tags.

Follow the directions given in the instruction manual for the product you purchased to remove the moles. Alternatively, you can get a skin tag removed by a doctor or dermatologist. Skin tags that are too small to see may fall out independently. The majority of skin tags remain adhered to your skin. Skin tags, in general, do not require treatment. You can get skin tags removed if they hurt or disturb you.

Dermatologists may use cryotherapy to remove a skin tag. A skin tag can be burned away under the treatment of dermatologists. They use a wire to pass an electrofusion current. The wire heats up to the point where it burns the top layers of flesh. Big skin tags are more likely to be treated this way.

Small skin tags may typically be removed without an anesthetic. Your doctor may use a local anesthetic when removing big or many skin tags.

To get rid of skin tags, you may also use natural therapies: tea tree oil, lemon juice, and apple cider vinegar. Keep in mind that no scientific data backup these therapies.

Attempting to remove skin tags on your own is not a good idea. Many websites provide DIY skin tag removal procedures, such as tying them off with rope or using a chemical peel. Even in a sterile atmosphere, removing skin tags can result in bleeding, burns, and infection. Its advisable to delegate the task to your doctor.

Remember the ABCDEs while identifying hazardous moles and skin tags:

Color: The majority of moles are uniformly colored. You should get your mole checked if it has several hues or tints throughout, such as black, blue, red, white, or brown at different portions of the mole.

Skin tags can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. If one half of your mole is different from the other, it might be a symptom of skin cancer.

Heights and Evolution: If your mole has been elevated or risen after being flat for a long time, or if it evolves or changes over time, it might be an indication of skin cancer.

Most skin tags are small, measuring less than 2 millimeters in length. Some can grow to be several centimeters long. Skin tags are smooth and gentle to the touch.

Kits for removing skin tags and moles function in different ways. Skin tags and moles can be frozen away using some kits. Others apply topical ointments on the affected area to relieve pain. Bands or patches are used in several skin tag removal techniques.

Some individuals use scissors, nail clippers, a needle, or a sharp blade to remove skin tags at home. A skin tag should never be cut or clipped without the guidance of a medical practitioner. While you may be able to eliminate the skin tag on your own, theres a risk of leaving a permanent scar in the area. Alternatively, you may not be able to remove the entire skin tag safely, leaving parts of it behind.

Apple cider vinegar, iodine, Tea tree oil, and other natural substances are used in specific skin tag removal procedures. The following are examples of natural ointments and solutions:

Tea tree oil can be used to treat a variety of skin conditions. Apply the tea tree oil to a cotton ball, then apply it to the skin tag to remove it. Do this several times a day. Tea tree oil can aggravate sensitive skin, but it can also help you get rid of a skin tag.

Apple Cider Vinegar: A common traditional remedy for skin tags is apple cider vinegar. There is minimal evidence that apple cider vinegar can remove skin tags at home. However, you can apply apple cider vinegar on a cotton ball and use it to your skin tag regularly, just like tea tree oil.

Iodine: Some people remove skin tags at home with iodine solutions. Use coconut jelly or petroleum jelly to safeguard the surrounding skin while applying iodine to a cotton ball.

Salicylic acid, tea tree oil, and other components used in skin tag removal treatments are comparable to those found in acne medications. According to some dermatologists, these systems are an effective way to remove skin tags. Other dermatologists advise against using these removal creams because they can cause skin irritation.

If you choose a suitable skin tag removal cream, the skin tag may fall off in 2-3 weeks.

Avoid utilizing homemade skin tag removal kits if the skin tag is around your eyes or genitals. If the skin tag removal kit gives you discomfort, bleeding, or itching, you should stop using it. Skin tags that are excessively big or long should not be removed using DIY skin tag removal kits.

Natural substances can be used to eliminate skin tags at home. In reality, some people eliminate skin tags and moles without the need for a dermatologists help.

Skin tags are more prevalent than ever before. Skin tags, on the other hand, have been treated for ages. Before modern medicine and dermatology, people utilized natural therapies like tea tree oil to eliminate skin tags.

According to research, tea tree oil contains inherent antiviral and antifungal qualities and is safe to use on the skin. After washing the afflicted region, rub the oil into the skin tag. Overnight, wrap the tape around the skin tag to absorb the tea tree oil. You may be able to eliminate the skin tag swiftly and safely if you continue this therapy for many nights.

Others eliminate skin tags and moles with banana peels. Although there is no scientific evidence to support this claim, some people believe that banana peels might help dry skin tags. Wrap the skin tag with a banana peel, then wrap it with bandages. Repeat every night until the skin tag is gone.

Vitamin E and C are 2 of the most well-known antioxidants found in nature. Both vitamins are commonly present in foods, mainly fruits. Some individuals use vitamin E-based solutions straight to their skin to aid skin tags, wrinkles, skin irritation, and aging.

Garlic might be one of the most effective treatments to remove a skin tag or reduce skin irritation. Garlic contains anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Apply crushed garlic to the skin tag as a home cure, then bind the area with a gauze overnight.

A: The peduncle, the little stalk linking the skin tag to your body, is the best way to recognize a skin tag. A peduncle is not present in moles or other skin growths, and also it is not present in all skin tags.

A: The exact etiology of all types of skin tags is unknown. However, it appears that scratching or irritating a region often increases the likelihood of acquiring a skin tag. A skin tag can be caused by touching your body with a shirt collar, jewelry, or anything else. Skin tags seem to be more frequent in overweight or obese people. On the other hand, skin tags can arise on anyone for no apparent cause.

A: Skin tag and mole removal kits can be used at home to remove skin tags. Before eliminating skin tags, however, you should see a doctor (a dermatologist). Attempting to remove huge skin tags on your own may result in scarring, bleeding, and infection.

Its simple to obtain DIY home removal kits for your skin tag or a mole. Skin tags are prevalent, especially as you become older.

You can safely and efficiently remove the skin tag at home without visiting a dermatologist if you purchase one of the top-rated mole home removal kits listed above. Follow the instructions on our suggested skin tag removal kits to get started. Skin tags and moles can be removed quickly with the suitable kit, allowing you to return to a normal, healthy, and blemish-free lifestyle.

Its possible that getting a skin tag wont bother you. Skin tags are a nuisance for the majority of individuals. You can ignore them if they disturb you and youre sure of the diagnosis. Keep in mind that you can develop more if you have one skin tag. They arent harmful and dont need to be treated in most cases. If they cause irritation or you dont like how they appear, a dermatologist or other healthcare expert can remove them. Self-removal is dangerous and not advised.

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Disclaimer:

Please understand that any advice or guidelines revealed here are not even remotely a substitute for sound medical advice from a licensed healthcare provider. Make sure to consult with a professional physician before making any purchasing decision if you use medications or have concerns following the review details shared above. Individual results may vary as the statements made regarding these products have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. The efficacy of these products has not been confirmed by FDA-approved research. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

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Best Skin Tag Remover Review: Top Remedy to Get Rid of Skin Tags - Enumclaw Courier-Herald

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

By: Mark Glennon*

Reported COVID cases are surging in Illinois and many hospitals are severely overburdened, so Gov. JB Pritzker and Illinois Department of Public Health Director Ngoze Ezike held a press conference Monday.

It was overwhelmingly devoted to vaccines and masks, to the exclusion of all else. Get vaccinated, boosted and wear a mask, they said over and over again. Vaccines and boosters, they said, are the key to lowering the burden on hospitals, avoiding the need for hospitals to shift to a crisis standard of care and reducing the risk of hospitalization and death.

But the subject of treatments was almost entirely ignored. None of the reporters questions addressed treatments.

That omission is baffling. Timely use of the right treatments for those infected unquestionably would reduce the number of deaths and hospitalizations. Prompt treatment, however, is essential, and that message is not being delivered.

The safety and effectiveness of various treatments are now well-established and the number of available options is growing. The effectiveness of monoclonal antibody treatments for the Delta variant, which is still the primary source of serious hospitalizations and deaths, has been known for over a year. Even Dr. Anthony Fauci acknowledged that, belatedly, in August, saying that the treatments can reduce the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization or death by 70% to 85%. Aside from antibody treatments, a new pill from Pfizer recently authorized reportedly decreases the risk of hospitalization and death from the virus by nearly 90%. A pill from Merck received authorization, though its not as effective as Pfizers. Some other treatments appropriate in certain circumstances were authorized earlier.

But the only mention of treatment in the Monday news conference was this, from Pritzker: We are also increasing testing and continuing to distribute monoclonal antibodies, anti-viral pills and any treatments or personal protective equipment communities need. That told us nothing.

The first question that should have been asked is why the state isnt warning those at risk to ask their doctors quickly about treatments after they know they have the virus?

Pfizers new pill has only proven effective if given within five days of symptoms appearing. Experts worry it may be unrealistic for patients to self-diagnose, get tested, see a physician and pick up a prescription within that narrow window, as reported often. Antibody treatments are also supposed to be given as soon as possible. Why is government not broadcasting that?

Other questions the state should be pushing out answers to should be obvious, especially in light of complexities raised by the new Omicron variant and new treatments. And standard tests do not tell you which variant you are infected with.

For example, arent the antibody treatments still of value, even though only one of those on the market (GlaxoSmithKlines sotrovimab) is effective against Omicron? Some treatments are in short supply and are being rationed. Which ones are available and for whom? Which treatments are available only at hospitals and how does one get them? What are the drug interaction risks for the new treatments? Issues have arisen for those taking widely used statins, blood thinners and even anti-depressants.

Regarding that last question, the best answer appears to be that those at risk should contact their doctors fast after an infection to get the right treatment. That message, however, is not being delivered. Look at IDPHs web page on what to do if you are infected. It is not there.

Weve speculated before about why the State of Illinois and federal health authorities seem to deliberately ignore the topic of treatments. They seem hell-bent on sticking to a doctrine that we always prefer prevention over treatment, as Ezike has stated it. Hence, they have been two-trick ponies since the start vaccines and masks.

That doctrine may make sense as a general epidemiological rule, but it certainly does not seem adequate at this time for COVID. None of this is to imply that vaccines dont significantly reduce the chances of hospitalization or death. They do, vaccines save lives, and thats something experts agree on, but thats no excuse for ignoring how those who nevertheless get infected should get treated.

*Mark Glennon is founder of Wirepoints.

UPDATE: Another remedy not initially mentioned in this column is Fluvoxamine. As the Wall Street Journal says in the article below, it is being overlooked. Because this is important, I am taking the liberty of reprinting their article on it below:

Is Fluvoxamine the Covid Drug Weve Been Waiting For?

A 10-day treatment costs only $4 and appears to greatly reduce symptoms, hospitalization and death.

By Allysia Finley Follow Dec. 28, 2021 6:44 pm ET

The Food and Drug Administration last week authorized two oral antiviral medicines for the early treatment of Covid-19. But dont get too excited. The U.S. will still have a meager treatment arsenal this winter.

The U.S. has been relying on monoclonal-antibody treatments, but most dont hold up against the Omicron variant. One, by GlaxoSmithKline and Vir Biotechnology, does better at neutralizing the variant, but supply is limited. Pfizers newly authorized antiviral pack Paxlovid will also have to be rationed. There will be more of Merck and Ridgeback Biotherapeutics newly authorized antiviral, molnupiravir, but patients may be reluctant to take the drug. Some scientists worry it could cause DNA mutations in people, though the FDA determined that the likelihood of this was low when used on a short-term basis.

Yet a promising alternative isnt getting its due: fluvoxamine, a pill the FDA approved in 1994 to treat obsessive-compulsive disorders. Doctors often prescribe it off-label for anxiety, depression and panic attacks. Studies show that fluvoxamine is highly effective at preventing hospitalization in Covid-infected patients, and its unlikely to be blunted by Omicron.

Doctors hypothesize that fluvoxamine can trigger a cascade of reactions in cells that modulate inflammation and interfere with virus functions. It could thus prevent an overreactive immune response to pathogenswhats known as a cytokine stormthat can lead to organ failure and death. It also increases nighttime levels of melatoninthe hormone that makes you sleepywhich evidence suggests can also mitigate inflammation.

While experimenting with mice in 2019, researchers at the University of Virginia discovered that fluvoxamine could be an effective

treatment for sepsis, or blood-borne infection. A large study in France during the early months of the pandemic found that Covid-19 patients treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluvoxamine were significantly less likely to be intubated or to die.

A small randomized control trial last year by psychiatrists at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis was a spectacular success: None of the 80 participants who started fluvoxamine within seven days of developing symptoms deteriorated. In the placebo group, six of the 72 patients got worse, and four were hospitalized. The results were published in November 2020 in the Journal of the American Medical Association and inspired a real-world experiment.

Soon after the study was published, there was a Covid outbreak among employees at the Golden Gate Fields horse racing track in Berkeley, Calif. The physician at the track offered fluvoxamine to workers. After 14 days, none of the 65 patients who took it were hospitalized or still had symptoms. Of the 48 who didnt take the drug, six, or 12.5%, were hospitalized and one died. Twenty-nine had lingering symptoms, which might have resulted from inflammatory damage to their organs. Those who took the placebo were more likely to be asymptomatic when they tested positive, so they would have been expected to fare better.

The studies drew the attention of Francis Collins, director of the National Institutes of Health. A big need right now is for a drug that you could take by mouth, that you could be offered as soon as you had a positive test, and that would reduce the likelihood that the virus is going to make you really sick, he said in an interview with 60 Minutes in March. Fluvoxamine could certainly be something you want to put in the tool chest, Dr. Collins added. It looks as if it has the promise to reduce the likelihood of severe illness.

Researchers at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, last winter launched a large clinical trial in Brazil. The results from their trial, published in the Lancet in October, were stunning: Fluvoxamine reduced the odds of hospitalization or emergency care by 66% and death by 90% among unvaccinated high-risk patients who mostly followed the treatment regimencomparable to monoclonal antibodies. There was no difference in adverse effects between the fluvoxamine and placebo groups.

The three fluvoxamine trials were conducted while different variants were circulating, so theres no reason to think the drug wouldnt work as well against Omicron. A 10-day course of fluvoxamine costs $4, compared with the $2,100 the U.S. government has been paying for monoclonal antibodies, and $530 to $700 for a course of the Pfizer and Merck treatments. Multiple drugmakers manufacture fluvoxamine and could ramp up supply without much difficulty were demand to increase.

While the FDA doesnt need to grant fluvoxamine emergency-use authorization for doctors to prescribe it, some may be reluctant to do so unless the NIH recommends it in its Covid-19 treatment guidelines. Physicians have been investigated by state medical boards for prescribing the antiparasite ivermectin off-label for Covid-19.

The NIH states that there is insufficient evidence . . . to recommend either for or against the use of fluvoxamine for the treatment of COVID-19. It wants evidence from another large clinical trial. Yet the U.S. is recording nearly as many deaths from Covid-19 today as when Dr. Collins made his statement in March. If the NIH doesnt budge, states could enact laws that protect doctors who prescribe fluvoxamine, They could also order doses to administer to patients, which would cost little but could save many lives.

Ms. Finley is a member of the Journals editorial board. Appeared in the December 29, 2021, print edition.

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Why No Discussion Of COVID Treatments In Illinois? Updated Wirepoints - Wirepoints

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

The majority of people in the US are overweight, obese, or trying to lose weight. Diet and exercise seem to be a bit of a challenge and time-consuming for many people. As a result, many health issues have been created as a result of the lack of attention given to extra body weight. These include infertility, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, stroke, and many more. With the busy and modern lifestyle that we live today, a weight loss supplement may be a good idea.

Exipure is one of the best dietary supplements recently launched. It is getting huge attention among people who are looking for a natural weight loss supplement. Exipure claims to increase brown fat levels, which according to many proven weight loss studies, is the root cause of unexplained weight gain. Moreover, the improved brown adipose tissue levels curb appetite and burn calories faster.

Its pretty impressive to see results after just a few weeks of using easy-to-use Exipure capsules. The proprietary blend of Exipure supports weight loss to keep users in shape and to maintain optimum health.

Exipure weight loss supplement is created with plant-based ingredients which are both effective and safe. By following FDA-cGMP instructed manufacturing guidelines, there are no significant side effects of the weight loss formula. Because of all these studies and claims about Exipure, we decided to write this Exipure review. You can read on to learn more about Exipure in detail in this review.

Exipure, launched on October 21, 2021, is a weight loss supplement that converts regular fat into brown adipose tissues (BATs). By doing so, youll burn more calories, resulting in weight loss within short periods of time. This proprietary blend uses all-natural ingredients that have been scientifically proven to be beneficial for weight loss and overall health.

Exipure formula is completely based on many recent studies revealing brown adipose tissues (BAT) or brown fat as a root cause of weight gain. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a healthy type of fat that can mostly be found in lean people. In comparison, people with obesity and unexplained weight gain tend to have more white fat and low brown adipose tissue levels, making weight loss a difficult task.

Furthermore, brown fat is known to burn calories by enhancing body temperature and producing more heat. The use of Exipure helps to lose weight and increases stamina, metabolism, and heal the body.

Scientific studies since years show that the human body produces two types of fat, brown fat and white fat. The brown adipose tissue (BAT) is primarily working as a fat shrinker to transform body fat into heat. It energizes thermogenesis to significantly reduce body fat and improve metabolism levels, making your body burn fat rapidly. The eight exotic nutrients of the Exipure diet pill have the properties of converting your bodys excess fat into brown adipose tissue (BAT).

Instead of storing fat in your body, brown fat burns and shrinks it. Your body now avoids storing excess fat and releases more energy to make you feel active in everyday tasks. Brown fat is higher in mitochondria than normal fat cells and generates about 300% more energy than regular fat burning.

Exipure pills are a great alternative to lower body fat. The product is specially made for those who find a healthy diet, extreme workouts and joining the gym a hard task. Without workout or dieting, this easy-to-follow habit will let you lose weight noticeably. Also, for those who have a bit tight schedules and less time to focus on their weight and health, one capsule of Exipure daily will at least help them start losing weight.

Exipure is made with eight exotic nutrients and plants that boost the brown adipose tissue (BAT) levels in the users body to offer them desired weight reduction results. Apart from that, this product offers the following health benefits:

Here are the following eight exotic nutrients and ingredients of Exipure that work to improve low brown adipose tissue (BAT):

One of the key ingredients in this dietary supplement is Perilla leaves, which naturally boost BAT levels and are what the whole product is about. Some users notice an increase in healthy cholesterol levels while taking Perilla. The remedy helps to maintain brain health by boosting memory and cognition for the user.

Holy Basil is also included in weight-loss solutions because of its properties that boost the low brown adipose tissue levels and support brain health. Holy basil reduces oxidative stress, causing the body to produce less cortisol. The stress hormone cortisol increases appetite and, as a result, causes users to eat more often, despite no physical stress. More cravings lead to more calories consumed by consumers, causing them to gain weight and belly fat without knowing why.

Using White Korean Ginseng results in increased levels of BAT, as well as a healthy immune system. To keep fat cells healthy and prevent illness, the immune system plays a significant role in the body. Most diets aim to shed the extra pounds by going to great lengths, and those who follow them often lose the nutrients their bodies require.

White Korean Ginseng also has antioxidant properties.

In the Exipure weight loss formula, Amur Cork Bark does not receive the same attention as some of the other ingredients. Researchers need to conduct more research to discover the link between BAT levels and amur cork bark. Early indications, however, suggest that the ingredient may also ease digestion and bloating for consumers.

Digestion and liver supplements usually contain this ingredient. The core function of this ingredient is to boost the digestive system as well as liver health.

The supplement industry considers quercetin to be a well-known compound due to its ability to regulate sugar levels, brain health, and repair aging cells . This antioxidant also supports healthy blood pressure and can be used in various health formulas.

Oleuropein may seem like a bizarre addition to this type of formula, but most consumers use it all the time in olive oil. This ingredient supports artery health and prevents cholesterol damage. Additionally, it reduces the stress obesity puts on the heart, which is especially advantageous for obese individuals.

One of the premier boosting BAT levels is Propolis, which is not a new name in the health and wellness space. Propolis has a chemical called pinocembrin, which helps manage blood sugar levels and protect your body from free radicals. Because of its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, it heals wounds, fights inflammation, creates healthy cells in the body, and offers healthy immunity.

In addition to boosting BAT levels, kudzu is beneficial for treating several health problems, such as fever, diabetes, the common cold, heart disease, and so forth. Kudzu contains many antioxidants that help the body fight disease. Anti-inflammatory properties reduce free radicals and ease pain, helping you stay active throughout the day.

As with Kudzu root, this herb has been used in Asian medicine for centuries. Among the most common conditions it treats are alcoholism, diabetes, fever, heart disease, and many more.

A large number of people choose Exipure weight loss pills because of the scientific evidence supporting its ingredients. Despite the fact that this combination hasnt gone through any clinical trials or peer-reviewed studies as a whole, it still allows anyone who wishes to burn fat to do so. The scientific studies that Exipure bases its research on are also accessible on the companys Website.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been on researchers minds since 2004, when they wanted to figure out how it transforms food energy into heat. In this study, the experts discovered that brown adipose tissue makes it feasible for fat cells to break down fat and sugar, which individuals consume in the mitochondria. It stimulated the release of fats and calories to aid users in losing weight and increasing their energy levels.

Weight reduction is primarily caused by establishing a calorie deficit, according to most doctors and scientists. It is necessary to maintain a healthy weight loss plan to burn more calories than the body processes through digestion. In addition to a healthy diet and exercise, brown adipose tissue helps individuals see greater results. Ultimately, the Exipure supplement helps users reduce their weight and resist gaining it back by increasing brown adipose tissue in their bodies.

Numerous studies have been conducted on ginseng, but one in 2014 showed that obesity is closely linked to gut microbiota. Several Korean women in their 40s to 60s were given ginseng as part of a study to test its effects. The researchers observed healthy weight loss after eight weeks of using ginseng. Furthermore, the participants experienced improved gut health as well.

Although holy basil isnt as well known as ginseng, it seems to have some weight reduction properties. In their 2017 study, researchers analyzed other laboratory reports on the plant because it has a long history of use in both Ayurvedic and Siddha medicine.

Studies have shown that the natural ingredients of Exipure supplement promote weight loss, as well as offer other essential health benefits. By activating brown fat in your body, you can lose weight without dieting or exercising.

You can read Exipure reviews and testimonials about it from others who have used it successfully.

A customer, Lauren, says in her Exipure review that she lost 35 pounds. By using this diet pill. She says she now feels less anxious and stressed and has more energy than before.

Zach, who is in his 40s, lost 26 pounds using Exipure weight loss supplements. He feels better about his appearance now than he did in his 30s. It has yet to be seen how his development continues while he is taking the supplement.

Taking Exipure pills resulted in another lady losing 40 pounds in just a few weeks. For her, this weight loss was comparable to a four-size reduction in clothing size. Exipure has been so successful in helping her lose weight that she continues to use it.

You can buy Exipure only at the official Website Exipure.com.

A single bottle of Exipure dietary supplement will cost you $59. However, if you buy a pack of 3 or 6 Exipure bottles, the price comes down to as low as $49 or $39 per bottle, respectively. Let us take a look at pricing and packages in details provided by Exipure on the official Website:

As above mentioned pricing indicates, buying larger packs will have amazing discounts and perks. However, a single bottle pack is also fine to check how these pills are affecting your body in a few weeks of use.

Note: Exipure is not available on other websites such as Walmart and Amazon. As Exipure has no authorized partners, it is highly recommended to buy it only from the official Website to avoid scams and mis-selling. Sometimes the product is out of stock due to bulk orders, so you better check the availability in advance.

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As mentioned above, if you order 3 or 6 bottles of Exipure, you are eligible for the Exipure bonus. But what exactly are Exipure bonuses? Well, these are two eBooks that guide you throughout your Exipure journey. Lets know more about these eBooks:

This eBook guides you about how to detox, flush, and cleanse your organs to kickstart your weight reduction journey. It mentions 20 tea recipes with ingredients easily found in your kitchen to detox your body and utilize Exipure at its best. The recipes are very easy to prepare and hardly take 15 minutes to get ready.

As stress and anxiety are somehow related to weight gain, Exipure makers offer their customers Renew You. The eBook has potential methods that anyone can start right away to calm their mind, relieve stress, and lower anxiety. Renew New focuses on providing the reader with a completely new positive mindset.

Your Exipure journey has a lot more to offer you with other weight loss products of Exipure. Here are some of the other products Exipure offers:

Once you find Exipure working, there is an opportunity to order 9 Exipure bottles packs, which come with huge discount offers. This pack is highly recommended for those with long-term weight loss goals or who want to give this weight loss remedy to someone as a present.

Worth $620, the Exipure Wellness Box includes 5 different dietary products that are highly beneficial for losing some extra pounds and offering you many other health and wellness benefits. Let us discover what Exipure Wellness Box has to offer you:

The MCT oil pure contains 2,000mg of Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) that helps to boost endurance and support weight loss. Furthermore, the oil also supports memory health, cholesterol levels, blood sugar levels and improves weight management.

Low immunity is something that an overweight person usually deals with. Immune Boost is designed to improve users immunity and energy levels. The main ingredient in the blend is echinacea that supplies necessary antioxidants to enhance healthy immunity and fight infections.

Biobalance Probiotics is a supplement that reduces the number of harmful bacteria in your gut to improve your digestive system. With the help of 20 billion colony-forming units (CFUs), it takes care of your gut health throughout your journey with the Exipure supplement.

This hydrolyzed collagen and peptides supplement rejuvenates your skin and aging cells to make you look younger. Collagen is an essential protein in the human body that is responsible for skin elasticity, joint health, and skin health.

Last but not least, Deep Sleep 20 is a supplement that aids your sleep. Being overweight and obese can bring the situation where people struggle to complete their sleep cycle. Natural ingredients of Deep Sleep 20 such as Ashwagandha, chamomile, lemon balm, goji, and melatonin make sure you have a peaceful night and calm mind during sleep.

Trying Exipure weight loss pills is easy as they come with a no-questions-asked money-back guarantee of 180 days. If you are not satisfied with the product and its outcomes, you are eligible for a complete refund within the duration of 180 days.

However, while seeing so many amazing Exipure reviews, you probably wont have a need to return the product. In case you do, claim your refund by contacting Exipure support via email- contact@exipure .com or call-1-888-865-0815.

The Exipure supplement is completely safe for use. It is made in the USA under GMP and FDA-approved facilities. Makers use exotic nutrients that are 100% natural, plant-based, soy-free, non-GMO, and dairy-free. Also, the product is gone through third-party inspection to ensure purity and quality standards.

Above in the article, we read Exipure customer reviews that imply anyone using Exipure daily can lose weight and belly fat in a sufficient amount. However, results may not be similar for everyone. On average, you can reduce up to 30 lbs while taking Exipure daily for a few weeks to months.

Exipure results in desired and healthy weight loss while consuming it at least for 3 to 6 months. This is the reason why formula creators recommend buying larger packs. Also, 3 and 6 bottles packs come with a special discount and additional bonus, making it worth the deal.

Using Exipure does not require a prescription. Anyone above 18 years struggling to lose weight can start taking Exipure pills. However, people with critical health situations, like allergy, sickness, existing medication, pregnant women are recommended to consult their physician or healthcare professional.

Exipure is completely different than other weight loss programs and supplements available in the market. Till now, many of you have already known that Exipure weight loss supplement targets the root cause, low brown adipose tissue in the body for burning fat. Maximum statements made by Exipure creators are backed by several animal and human studies that support the formula. All these details sound encouraging. However, it is still not clear how the complete Exipure formula can aid in brown adipose tissue levels. Also, studies about BAT effects in humans are still a thing of research.

On the other hand, if we see Exipure reviews and testimonials, they have some really appealing weight loss results. The contained ingredients also have substantial health and weight loss benefits that make Exipure a must-try supplement for people looking for a reliable weight loss solution.

To reduce obesity and get rid of unexplained weight gain, you must take action as soon as possible. Dont wait to get things out of your hands. You must understand the difference between overweight and obesity before its too late. With Exipure, your body will be able to lose a sufficient amount of weight and maintain healthy cholesterol, sugar levels, and healthy blood pressure. If your health is affected by excessive weight gain, trying Exipure can be life-changing.

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Affiliate Disclosure:

The links contained in this product review may result in a small commission if you opt to purchase the product recommended at no additional cost to you. This goes towards supporting our research and editorial team and please know we only recommend high quality products.

Disclaimer:

Please understand that any advice or guidelines revealed here are not even remotely a substitute for sound medical advice from a licensed healthcare provider. Make sure to consult with a professional physician before making any purchasing decision if you use medications or have concerns following the review details shared above. Individual results may vary as the statements made regarding these products have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. The efficacy of these products has not been confirmed by FDA-approved research. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

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Exipure Reviews - Underrated or Overpriced? You Be the Judge! - Journal of the San Juan Islands

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

The skyrocketing craze for weight loss supplements is not unknown to anyone. An unhealthy lifestyle and poor dietary habits trigger unwanted weight gain and obesity. Therefore, obese individuals have no other option apart from weight loss supplements. With this escalating popularity and demand for diet pills, new weight loss supplements are launched by different companies every other day.

If body fat is the main reason behind your social embarrassment and you arent as fit as you used to be, weight loss pills can be your last choice. Every dietary supplement comes with a specific capability to accelerate fat burning, but not all of them can deliver the expected weight loss results.

So, which dietary supplement should you go for? Which weight loss supplement will turn out to be the ultimate savior for you?

Well, the PhenQ fat burner can be a premium pick for burning fat any day. If you want to support weight loss and increase muscle mass with a standard weight loss supplement, Phenq is the best choice you have.

However, you may remain skeptical while deciding to buy PhenQ weight loss pills to lose weight significantly. Several PhenQ reviews are live on the internet, but most of them lack the necessary information you seek about PhenQ weight loss pills.

This article unfolds everything you need to know about PhenQ diet pills, including how it helps in losing weight and why you should go for this product over other weight loss pills.

PhenQ is an elementary diet pill supplement that helps lose weight significantly. For many people, stored fat is equivalent to curses, and the PhenQ weight loss supplement is manufactured to induce the weight loss journey of everyone. The PhenQ dietary supplement attempts to suppress appetite and food cravings to shed excess weight.

The PhenQ weight loss supplement comprises natural ingredients to cut off stored body fat from your entire body. The all-natural ingredients make it possible to attain enormous health benefits apart from burning fat. Laterally, the manufacturers claim that the product is an exceptional choice for uncontrollable weight gain.

Being a compilation of proportionate ingredients, this supplement caters to other health benefits like better mood and energy levels, better cognitive capabilities, and many more. Now, lets have an insight into how the PhenQ supplement aids in losing weight.

Firstly, PhenQ diet pills assist in the fat-burning process by increasing your bodys heat. Thermogenesis is the natural fat-burning process to lose fat effectively. As your body fat percentage increases, your bodys capability of losing weight naturally decreases. The ingredients of PhenQ make it possible to trigger the state of thermogenesis in your body to cut off stored body fat more rapidly.

By the side, the supplement also takes up your bodys metabolic rate to maximize your weight loss process. As your metabolism gets boosted naturally, nutrient absorption improves, and you lose weight drastically.

The powerful ingredients of the product increase the levels of fat-dissolving hormones and chemicals that eliminate fat cells. To sum up, the PhenQ can overlap any other weight loss product available in the market in terms of fat burning. The supplement takes your weight loss journey through the natural and effortless fat-burning process.

You need to follow a proper diet plan to maintain your body weight. No matter how many pounds you lose, your bodyweight wont decrease unless the production of new fat cells stops. PhenQ makes that possible with relevant ingredients to help you lose weight efficiently.

Unlike other weight loss supplements, PhenQ blocks your bodys natural fat accumulation process by enhancing the fat-dissolving hormones. Mainly, you get to maximize your results as you limit your daily calorie intake.

On one side, the supplement burns fat and pauses unwanted weight gain on the other side. Thats why the results offered of this dietary supplement are way more evident than other nutritional supplements.

The official website of PhenQ demonstrates that the fat burner promotes appetite suppression to deliver weight loss results. It can suppress appetite to some extent and makes you feel full. Also, your food cravings are reduced, and your bodys natural fat production rate is minimized. With that, PhenQ can accelerate fat burning to the maximum level within a short span.

Its essential to be high on energy to elevate the fat-burning speed of your body with workouts and an active lifestyle. The ingredients in PhenQ dont let you run out of energy while youre working out or doing other activities. As already mentioned, inactivity is the root cause behind unrestrainable fat accumulation, and that can be reversed with intense and energetic workouts and exercises only.

Besides fat-reducing elements, PhenQ contains some energizing ingredients to help your body produce enough energy from fat. The enhanced fat metabolism of your body results in an increment in your bodys energy levels naturally. Therefore, you burn fat and obtain excellent energy levels throughout the day.

Different studies have proved the association between the cognitive state of a person and his body fat percentage. Its evident that people with poor mental health tend to gain weight faster than ordinary people, and they face challenges while reducing stored fat. Most weight loss supplements overlook this point, but PhenQ doesnt.

PhenQ has certain potent elements that are favorable for a better mental state. As you start consuming PhenQ, youll see an uplifted mood, and youll feel better as well. Thats why you can achieve your weight loss goals quickly with this particular supplement.

Anyway, we have to look deeper at the list of ingredients present in PhenQ to understand how it works.

This ingredient makes PhenQ stand out among thousands of dietary supplements. This component is nothing but capsicum extract, effective in weight loss. The primary function of the powder is to reduce oral and gastric burning, but it participates in increasing free fatty acids and glycerols in your blood immediately. As you consume the powder right after your workout session, the increased levels of fatty acids and glycerols make you burn fat more intensely.

However, Niacin powder and Peperine powder are mixed with capsicum extract powder to prepare the Capsimax powder. Tryptophan is one of the essential amino acids that help convert food into energy, and Niacin powder is generated from this amino acid only. Therefore, the consumption of the Capsimax powder helps your body convert meals into fuel by increasing nutrient absorption.

Alongside, the presence of Peperine powder triggers the feeling of fullness, and you feel less hungry. As a result, your natural food intake decreases automatically, and your gut health remains optimum too.

Combining these fat burn powders makes the Capsimax powder an excellent item for eliminating extra body fat. The presence of this powder as a key ingredient makes PhenQ more potent than other weight loss pills available in the market to help you lose weight.

Though this is not a conventional fat-reducing ingredient, its one of the critical ingredients in PhenQ. The weight loss supplement is rich in calcium, making it a common choice for overall well-being. Clinical studies have confirmed that regular calcium intake in sufficient amounts can make your body temperature higher. With that, your bodys metabolism increases, and you lose weight significantly.

By the side, calcium is one of the natural ingredients that make you stronger from the inside. Calcium strengthens your bone density, improves the functions of your heart and nerves. Still, it can be considered a supportive ingredient for fat burn.

L-carnitine is a natural fat burner that PhenQ contains to block fat production. Also, it helps convert more food into energy, including fatty foods, and thats how it makes you burn extra body fat as per your expectations. This is one of the natural ingredients found in the most popular diet pills.

As a naturally-occurring amino acid, this component prevents fluid retention inside your body. Unnecessary fluid retention is the reason behind multiple health complications, and L-carnitine fumarate can stop them.

Alpha-lipoic acid is a crucial ingredient to induce lipolysis in the human body. a-LACYS Reset is a blend of alpha-lipoic acid and cysteine. Lipolysis is the natural fat-dissolving mechanism of the human body, and a-LACYS Reset boosts the rate of lipolysis to help you lose weight faster than you assume.

On top of that, L-cysteine is directly linked to the secretion of the hunger hormone, Ghrelin. The component reduces the secretion of Ghrelin to ensure that your food intake and calorie intake decrease. With a controlled appetite and moderate hunger frequency, your body tends to burn fat pretty fast.

Being a perfect blend of these ingredients, a-LACYS Reset offers both kinds of benefits mentioned above. 25 g of a-LACYS Reset is present in PhenQ, which does the job of fat reduction very smoothly.

PhenQ contains chromium picolinate in a significant dosage, and thats what makes the fat burner an exceptional choice. Almost every weight reduction supplement contains chromium picolinate, as this edible formation of chromium boosts metabolism and controls blood sugar levels.

Chromium picolinate is directly associated with the functions of insulin in the human body. Adequate intake of chromium picolinate reduces sugar cravings and helps retain blood sugar levels. Excess sugar cravings often lead to unintended weight accumulation. Being rich in the ingredient, the PhenQ supplement can prevent fat production.

If youve been trying to lose weight for a long time, you dont need further clarification about the effectiveness of caffeine in triggering weight loss. Caffeine anhydrous can amplify the results offered by caffeine as it is a dehydrated and more concentrated version of caffeine. The compilation of the PhenQ supplement impacts your energy levels positively. You enjoy elevated mood and energy levels as you regularly consume the product.

Moreover, the ingredient boosts your natural metabolism to reduce fat and manage body weight successfully.

Each diet pill in a bottle of PhenQ is rich in this ingredient. Nopal cactus is a unique cactus species that promotes a wide variety of health benefits. As the fibers extracted from the plant are rich in amino acids, the fibers can reduce high blood sugar levels and ensure decent cardiovascular functions. Also, the necessary amino acids are rich in antioxidants to detoxify your body.

According to our research and editorial team, these are the critical ingredients in PhenQ diet pills. If you continue taking these pills along with an appropriate diet and exercise plan, you can retain lean muscle mass while going through an effective weight loss procedure.

The official website of PhenQ states that it delivers noticeable results within short spans. According to the PhenQ reviews on the official website, the fat burner pills have helped users shed approximately 2 lbs every week if consumed continuously regularly. However, users are expected to follow an effective exercise routine to get the products best benefits.

The supplement has millions of satisfied users across different cities worldwide, and they claim to reduce up to 8 lbs over a month. Again, a strict diet and exercise routine can help you maximize the results.

You dont need to keep consuming the pills after youve got to your weight reduction goals. Anyway, you can resume consuming them if you feel that youve started accumulating fat again.

You must have realistic weight loss goals to get the most out of the product. You cant aim to get lean within a week or two as you start taking the product. Instead, it would help if you were patient and consistent with the process.

A healthy diet can help you achieve realistic weight loss goals within the mentioned time frame.

If you want your weight loss goals to be successful with the PhenQ supplement, youre supposed to take two capsules daily. You can start consuming more pills if your doctor recommends you to do so. Most importantly, it would help if you took every dose of PhenQ before your lunch.

As PhenQ pills contain high doses of caffeine, they can mess up your sleep pattern if you take them after lunch. We strongly recommend you seek the consultation of your physician to find out the proper dosage for yourself to lose weight.

As one of the leading weight reduction supplements, PhenQ comes with almost zero side effects. The supplement is certified by the Food and Drug Administration. However, users arent expected to overdose on the pills as that may lead to minor symptoms like- stomach discomfort, nausea, fatigue, etc.

However, the mild side effects of the product can be overruled as you stop consuming the pills. Once you do so, the symptoms will disappear themselves. Anyway, users prone to developing allergies due to certain ingredients should refrain from consuming the tablets.

According to the manufacturers, the pills are manufactured for adult users, and patients with existing diseases should not consume them. Also, the tablets arent meant to help pregnant women reduce weight. Though the PhenQ tablets dont interact with birth control pills, pregnant women should strictly avoid these pills to avoid any unwanted circumstances.

Every bottle of PhenQ consists of 60 capsules, and each bottle is considered a one-month supply. The prices of PhenQ packages are as follows:

Every bottle of PhenQ comes with a 60-day money-back guarantee, and that makes the product a safe option to purchase. The tenure 60-day money-back guarantee starts from the day of the delivery of the product.

The 60-day money-back guarantee means that you can return the product within 60 days after purchase if youre not satisfied with the products performance. By doing so, youll get your money refunded, excluding shipping and delivery charges. Most importantly, the manufacturer will hold no authority to ask you why youre returning the product.

To get your money refunded, you need to get in touch with the customer support team of PhenQ. If you purchase three bottles at once, you need to return two opened bottles within the first 30 days and the unused one within the remaining tenure to get your money refunded.

Once you get in touch with the support team to claim a refund, you can expect a response within the next two days. Customer service is available for further information via:

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A: Though PhenQ is marketed as a product that supports natural weight reduction without a healthy diet, users are advised to follow effective weight-reducing diet plans customized by their doctors or trainers to get the best benefits.

A: No specific restrictions have been mentioned by the manufacturers regarding this. Contradictorily, PhenQ contains nopal cactus fiber and chromium picolinate that are practical elements to manage healthy blood sugar levels. So, it can be stated that diabetic patients can improve their conditions by consuming the PhenQ pills.

A: The manufacturers say that a standard serving of PhenQ consists of 2 pills. It would help if you attempted to take one tablet with breakfast and another with lunch to witness beautiful benefits as a user.

A: PhenQ was launched and marketed by Wolfson Brands, one of the leading pharmacological manufacturers in Europe. Apart from PhenQ, the brand came up with several health supplements to promote users overall well-being.

Unlike most renowned supplements, every package of PhenQ comes with ten Buyers Guides to educate users about weight reduction programs and effective calorie-burning techniques. The Buyers Guides are downloadable, and they contain all the information related to your diet, meals, workout plans, and other aspects of your weight reduction journey.

If you purchase three bottles of PhenQ altogether, you get a bottle of Adavana Cleanse with the package for free. This is a detoxifying supplement that helps you eliminate the excess wastes of your body while boosting your metabolism and keeping your gastrointestinal health sound. If you include the Adavana Cleanse in your daily routine with PhenQ, weight reduction will be a matter of time.

Like every other supplement, duplicate and fake packages of PhenQ are sold in the online and offline markets. The fake PhenQ bottles dont deliver expected weight reduction results, and they tend to trigger harmful side effects.

The manufacturers of PhenQ instruct their users to purchase their PhenQ packages from the official website only. Even eCommerce stores like Amazon, Walmart arent trustworthy in buying supplements like PhenQ. Moreover, they forbid you to buy from the local stores either.

To avoid the ongoing PhenQ scams, you must purchase your bottles from the official website and scan the authentication barcode of the product.

As youve gone through the entire review, you must have understood why PhenQ is counted among the leading fat-reducing supplements across the world.

The supplement can deliver unbelievable transformational success if taken correctly. Also, the product becomes a safe purchase as it is covered with a dedicated and assured money-back guarantee.

The PhenQ reviews on the companys official site will show how much the users loved the product. PhenQ takes your weight reduction journey a step ahead of what you can imagine. So, if youre in doubt about purchasing the product, we suggest you take the risk and buy the product once.

None of the information and advice provided above is an alternative to professional medical advice. Get in touch with a certified medical consultation provider before consuming the pill.

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Affiliate Disclosure:

The links contained in this product review may result in a small commission if you opt to purchase the product recommended at no additional cost to you. This goes towards supporting our research and editorial team and please know we only recommend high quality products.

Disclaimer:

Please understand that any advice or guidelines revealed here are not even remotely a substitute for sound medical advice from a licensed healthcare provider. Make sure to consult with a professional physician before making any purchasing decision if you use medications or have concerns following the review details shared above. Individual results may vary as the statements made regarding these products have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. The efficacy of these products has not been confirmed by FDA-approved research. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

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Overview Kenai Farms CBD Gummies Reviews & Cost

Kenai Farms CBD Gummies Reviews: In these times, when the world is changing so rapidly and everything is moving so fast, it would be quite miraculous to dodge any kind of stress and lead a healthy and happy life. With increasing age, the stress increases and so does the joint pains and chronic aches. These issues create a big hindrance in our daily lives.

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Now, one of the most effective supplements to deal with these issues are considered to be CBD based food supplements. The CBD supplements are popular and very helpful in dealing with stress, anxiety and relieving pain. There are several such products available in the market these days as well.

But the question arises that are these supplements really safe? There is no denying in the fact that the food which has CBD supplements connect to marijuana and may cause psychoactive effects such as a sensation of being high.

Therefore, it is difficult and essential to find a product that is safe and effective.

Kenai Farms CBD Gummies are a candidate in that field. Let us have a look at this product in a bit more detail.

Kenai Farms CBD Gummies is an organic food supplement. This dietary supplement contains full-spectrum CBD. All the ingredients are 100% natural to ensure quality and safety. CBD Gummies are using by the people all over the world these days to relieve stress and anxiety and deal with chronic and joint pains. This food supplement has FDA certificate that clears that it ensures safety. Even though it is a product containing CBD, it does not contain marijuana or large amounts of THC. Therefore, it is non-addicting and does not have any effects of high sensation.

CBD Gummies are manufactured in the United States of America at an FDA approved facility, following all the good manufacturing practices. It is a non-GMO product and is free from any kind of artificial fillers. Kenai Farms CBD Gummies is a safe to use product, without any intoxicating or addicting property.

Kenai Farms CBD Gummies have all the natural ingredients that have stress relieving properties. The key ingredients of this full spectrum CBD food supplement are melatonin and, of course, CBD. Let us have a look at the role of these two contents in a bit detail:

CBD: Cannabinoid, without any doubt, is the most well-known and the most widely used ingredient in supplements to relieve stress and anxiety as well as chronic aches. CBD is a extract that comes from the hemp plant and relieves stress by releasing into the ECS (Endocannabinoid System).

The ECS is the central system in the body that is responsible for the smooth inner functioning as well as for regulating mood and providing pain relief.

The ECS receptors CB1 (found in the central nervous system) and CB2 (present in certain peripheral tissues) receive the signals from the ECS and transmits them, resulting in the corresponding response and relief or functioning.

The CBD added in Kenai Farms CBD Gummies is based on hemp extract and does not create any harmful psychoactive effect. Moreover, it also enhances good sleep and improves metabolism.

Melatonin: Melatonin helps in getting proper sleep. In fact, it is used in several medicines to deal with insomnia. In addition to this, it also helps in improving the immune system, manages blood pressure and cortisol levels. It can also act as an antioxidant.

Moreover, melatonin has been proven quite effective in dealing with seasonal depression. Melatonin is also known to have an effect in increasing the levels of HGH (Human Growth Hormone). It also improves eye health and may help treat GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease). Hence melatonin is the Midas of ingredients when it comes to developing a healthy food supplement.

Kenai Farms CBD Gummies are natural and safe. People often worry that the CBD based supplements often lead to intoxication. But that is not the case with CBD Gummies. That is because it contains only trace amount of THC, only about 0.03%, which is quite negligible and hence ineffective in causing any psychoactive effects or a high sensation.

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Kenai Farms CBD Gummies have not one but multiple health benefits. some of the health benefits are as follows:

As we know, Fun Drops CBD Gummies have all the natural ingredients only, there are no harmful side effects of this product. This dietary supplement is using by people all over the globe and there have not been even a single case of any serious health issue or side effect of using this supplement.

In fact, this product is clinically tested and approved to ensure safety. Moreover, all the ingredients are grown and harvested in the United States of America. This ensures quality of the product. Also, it is a vegan product and easy to take by everyone.

The biggest fear that people generally have in their mind while consuming a CBD based product is that it might lead to some psychoactive effects. But Kenai Farms CBD Gummies do not cause any such effect or any high sensation. That is because it contains only trace amount of THC, less than 0.03%.

Therefore, this product is safe to use.

It is always better to follow certain safety precautions while consuming any medication or food supplements to ensure safety. These are some of the safety measures you must keep in mind while consuming the Kenai Farms CBD Gummies:

Usually 1-2 gummies are advisable, as per the pack of Kenai Farms CBD Gummies. You can take one gummy in the morning and one gummy in the evening, preferably with a glass of milk. You can also consult a physician before consuming these gummies and then follow the dosage instructions prescribed by them.

Kenai Farms CBD Gummies are easily available on the official website. When you visit their website, you will find multiple offers and packages on this product, depending on the quantity of Pure Potent bottles you buy. You can select the package as per your choice and requirement. After that, you will be presented with several payment options.

Choose the most feasible payment option and make payment. Provide your shipping address and place the order. Order your product and your CBD Gummies Australia bottle will come at your doorstep within 7-10 business days.

CBD Gummies also provide easy return policies to ensure best customer service. So, if you want to return the product, you can raise a request within 1 month of buying the product, no questions asked. The money will be refunded within 15 days. Therefore, this product guarantees 100% results.

These days when most CBD products cause serious effects on your mental health, or makes you dizzy or tired, it is very rare to find a product that helps you deal with your stress and anxiety without causing any other ill effect on your health. Kenai Farms CBD Gummies is one of those rare products that improve your mental as well as overall health in a natural manner, without causing any side effect or a sensation of being high. This product is safe to use and is proving its worth worldwide by giving the most positive outcomes.

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Kenai Farms CBD Gummies Reviews (Price 2022) Cost & Website Review | Best CBD Gummies for Anxiety - Journal of the San Juan Islands

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Black men with prostate cancer may respond better to radiation therapy than White men, according to a new study. Photo by Joshua Woroniecki/Pixabay

Dec. 29 (UPI) -- Black men with prostate cancer appear to respond better than White men to radiation therapy for the disease, an analysis published Wednesday by JAMA Network Open found.

Based on data from seven clinical trials, Black men with the disease who are treated with radiation therapy were 12% less likely to experience cancer recurrence and 28% less likely to their tumors metastasize, or spread, to distant organs compared with White men, the data showed.

In addition, Black men who received radiation therapy were 28% less likely to die from prostate cancer than White men given the treatment.

This is despite the fact the Black men seemed to have more aggressive disease when they enrolled in clinical trials of radiation, according to the researchers.

"These results provide high-level evidence challenging the common belief that Black men who are diagnosed with prostate cancer will necessarily have a worse prognosis than White men," analysis co-author Dr. Amar Kishan said in a press release.

"This is especially important because an unfounded belief can inadvertently contribute to 'cancer injustice,' leading to the use of more aggressive treatments than might be necessary," said Kishan, chief of the Genitourinary Oncology Service at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.

These aggressive treatments can, in turn, potentially lower quality of life, he said.

About one in eight men in the United States will be diagnosed with prostate cancer, or a tumor in the gland of the same name, and there are nearly 250,000 new cases of the disease annually, with Black men considered to be at increased risk, the American Cancer Society estimates.

Less than 3% of those diagnosed with the disease will die from it, but the risk for death is twice as high among Black men than for those in other racial and ethnic groups, according to the society.

Radiation therapy, which uses high-energy rays or particles to kill cancer cells, is often the first treatment used in men with prostate cancer, as it preserves function in the gland, which plays a key role in urinary and sexual health, it says.

For this analysis, Kishan and his colleagues looked at individual patient data from seven clinical trials of radiation therapy that collectively enrolled 8,814 participants.

All patients in the trials received either standard or high-dose radiation therapy, and some patients also underwent short- or long-term androgen deprivation therapy, a hormone-based treatment for the disease, the researchers said.

Of all participants in the seven trials, 1,630 men self-identified as Black and 7,184 as White.

Most of the Black men in the studies were in their late 60s, as opposed to early 70s for the White participants, and most had been diagnosed with high-risk disease, meaning it was likely to spread.

Still, Black men in the trials had lower rates of disease recurrence, tumor metastasis and death compared with White men, the data showed.

When adjustments were made for age and other factors, Black men still had better outcomes following treatment than White men, the researchers said.

"This information will help us identify potential drivers and mitigators of disparities in prostate cancer care," co-author Dr. Ting Martin Ma said in a press release.

However, because Black men tend to be less willing to entertain the idea of participating in clinical trials, due to "medical mistrust," the equity in access to care and receipt of treatment may not be representative of what normally occurs, added Ma, resident physician at UCLA.

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Study: Black men given radiation for prostate cancer do better than White men - UPI News

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OverviewWhat is hypogonadism?

Hypogonadism occurs when sex glands called gonads produce little, if any, sex hormones. It affects teenagers and adults of all genders. The condition causes a low sex drive or libido. Hypogonadism is sometimes called gonad deficiency.

Testicles (testes) in the male reproductive system produce testosterone, the main male hormone. Hypogonadism in men is the result of low testosterone.

Ovaries in the female reproductive system produce estrogen, progesterone and testosterone. Women with hypogonadism are often low in estrogen and progesterone.

Two glands in your brain, the hypothalamus and pituitary, send signals to sex glands. These signals tell your body to make sex hormones. When you have hypogonadism, something within the brain or sex glands interferes with hormone production.

Healthcare providers look at the cause to determine if hypogonadism is:

Starting in their late 40s or 50s, everyone has lower amounts of sex hormones. As a result, sex drives decrease. These changes are expected. They arent necessarily a sign of hypogonadism. Younger people who have little to no interest in sex may have hypogonadism.

Conditions and treatments that raise the risk of primary hypogonadism include:

Risk factors for secondary hypogonadism include:

It isnt clear why some people develop hypogonadism. For unknown reasons, a problem with the sex glands or brain affects the bodys production of sex hormones.

Hypogonadism symptoms vary depending on the cause and a persons gender. Teenagers may get a diagnosis of secondary hypogonadism when they dont start puberty on time. For example, teen girls with hypogonadism may not get their periods or develop breasts. Boys might not grow facial hair or have underdeveloped testicles.

Adults may experience a low sex drive (sexual dysfunction), as well as hair loss and hot flashes. Other common complaints include fatigue and difficulty concentrating.

Signs of hypogonadism in females include:

Signs of hypogonadism in males include:

Your healthcare provider will assess your symptoms and perform a physical exam. Women may also have a pelvic exam.

You may get one or more of these tests:

Hypogonadism can cause:

Hypogonadism treatments vary depending on the cause. For primary hypogonadism, hormone replacement therapy can raise hormone levels. Men may have testosterone therapy, while women may have estrogen and progesterone hormone therapy. These treatments come in gels, implants, pills, shots and skin patches. Female hormone therapy may slightly increase a womans risk of uterine (endometrial) cancer, blood clots and strokes.

If a pituitary gland problem like a tumor causes secondary hypogonadism, you may need medication, radiation therapy or surgery.

Primary hypogonadism can be a chronic condition that requires ongoing treatment. If you stop hormone replacement therapy, hormone levels can plummet, causing symptoms to return.

If a treatable condition like a pituitary gland tumor causes hypogonadism, hormone levels should return to normal after your healthcare provider treats the tumor.

You should call your healthcare provider if you experience:

You may want to ask your healthcare provider:

A note from Cleveland Clinic

Low sex hormone levels can negatively affect your physical and mental health. Teenagers may be self-conscious about their underdeveloped appearance. Many adults experience some disinterest in sex as they get older. But a sudden drop or complete halt to any sexual desire may indicate hypogonadism. Dont be embarrassed to tell your healthcare provider whats going on (or not going on) in the bedroom. Treatments can get hormone levels back in the normal range.

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Low Sex Drive (Hypogonadism): Symptoms, Treatment

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This article was originally published here

Am J Mens Health. 2021 Nov-Dec;15(6):15579883211058606. doi: 10.1177/15579883211058606.

ABSTRACT

It has been suggested that hypogonadism increases the risk for inguinal hernia (IH). The aim of this study was to investigate any association between androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer and increased risk for IH. The study population in this population-based nested case-control study was based on data from the Prostate Cancer Database Sweden. The cohort included all men with prostate cancer who had not received curative treatment. Men who had been diagnosed or had undergone IH repair (n = 1,324) were cases and controls, where not diagnosed, nor operated on for IH, matched only on birth year (n = 13,240). Conditional multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess any temporal association between ADT and IH, adjusting for marital status, education level, prostate cancer risk category, Charlson Comorbidity Index, ADT, time since prostate cancer diagnosis, and primary prostate cancer treatment. Odds ratio (OR) for diagnosis/repair of IH 0 to 1 year from start of ADT was 0.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.38, 0.68]); between 1 and 3 years after, the OR was 0.35 (95% CI = [0.26, 0.47]); between 3 and 5 years after, the OR was 0.39 (95% CI = [0.26, 0.56]); between 5 and 7 years after, the OR was 0.6 (95% CI = [0.41, 0.97]); and >9 years after, the OR was 3.68 (95% CI = [2.45, 5.53]). The marked increase in OR for IH after 9 years of ADT supports the hypothesis that low testosterone levels increase the risk for IH. The low risk for IH during the first 8 years on ADT is likely caused by selection of men with advanced cancer unlikely to be diagnosed or treated for IH.

PMID:34918553 | DOI:10.1177/15579883211058606

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Androgen Deprivation Therapy and the Risk for Inguinal Hernia: An Observational Nested Case Control Study - DocWire News

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Having low testosterone levels can prove to be a serious problem. This hormone is well-known because it plays a critical role in sexual desire. It also controls a number of important bodily functions, and not only during puberty. For example, testosterone is involved in muscular development. As a result, it is in charge of your physical growth above anything else.

As a result, regardless of gender, healthy production of the hormone is critical for your well-being. It is natural for testosterone levels to drop as men age, but fortunately, there is a way to break out from such a vicious cycle. You can rely on testosterone boosters to help you when you need them.

These products are being sold on tens of thousands of authority websites. You can easily come across a dozen with a quick web search. However, many of these sites may lead you astray. They have a reputation for relying on sponsorships and the like. As a result, doing your research is the best way to make an informed decision. This is especially true when it comes to testosterone boosters and other such medications.

To come up with this roundup, we looked at a wide variety of options, and our results are based on extensive, non-biased testing. No argument is based on a whim since all evidence is gathered from reliable sources, including customer reviews and clinical test reports.

After that, we were able to compile a roundup of the best testosterone boosters. These are the products that effectively stand out from the crowd and boost your bodys testosterone production naturally. These are also made from ingredients that havent been linked to any adverse effects. In a nutshell, these are the safest and most effective testosterone boosters available on the internet. We present the top five testosterone boosters based on these factors and expectations.

TestoPrime is a creation of Wolfson Brands (UK) Limited. The brand developed this supplement over five years ago. It quickly gained traction on the market, and even today, it stays at the top of our list. Such occurrences arent random, though. The company invests its resources in third-party testing to ensure that they create the best testosterone booster possible.

TestoPrime utilizes a formula that naturally rejuvenates your body. It results in gradual changes without sudden stress. A daily dose of only four TestoPrime capsules will increase the supply of testosterone to the bloodstream. In turn, the conversion of fat to energy will hasten. Also, due to the vitamin content, TestoPrime allows for testosterone retention, improving the blood flow and your sex drive.

The product uses only 12 organic ingredients, including minerals, vitamins, and extracts. It does not contain chemical additives or allergens, and it is also non-GMO. Customers report significant improvements within the first 20 days of use. The benefits include fat loss, increased muscle strength, and a better physique.

Visit the Official Website of TestoPrime

Since TestoPrime is a 100% natural product, you dont need a special prescription for it. You can simply go to their website and buy the booster whenever you want one. As for feedback, TestoPrime boasts an almost perfectly positive review score.

This popular testosterone booster comes from Muscle Club, a U.K.-based company. Testogen can combat the declining testosterone levels even in elderly users. Also, unlike certain artificial treatments or illegal anabolic boosters, its an entirely natural compound. So, it provides a simple and viable alternative to invasive hormonal therapy.

Testogens formula comprises 11 natural ingredients to boost your testosterone levels. In addition, it features a carefully selected mix of vitamins and minerals. Its primary ingredients are D-aspartic acid, fenugreek, and zinc. These elements also act as testosterone-preserving agents, so they postpone their conversion into estrogen.

Visit the Official Website of Testogen

Zinc protects cells against oxidative stress, according to a 1996 study. Oxidative stress, according to another study, is common to the male reproductive system and testicular tissue. Yet, antioxidants can help fight against this imbalance, thus improving sperm production.

Testogen also contains Vitamin D3. This element increases the free testosterone levels. Next, the body will use it to boost your energy levels, sex drive, muscle growth, etc.

The manifestation of these benefits varies from person to person. Some people begin to notice positive changes in the first week. For others, it may take longer. Testogens website recommends a dose of 4 capsules per day for best effect.

According to Crazybulks website, Testo-Max is an effective alternative for artificial testosterone boosters. Plus, it is an entirely safe and legal supplement. Each capsule contains various pure and natural ingredients. Among others, there is vitamin D3, magnesium, d-aspartic acid, etc.

Testo-Maxs blend features potent and effective elements. For instance, d-aspartic acid is vital in restoring hormonal balance in resistance-trained men. Its also proven to increase testosterone production by 45% in just a few weeks.

On the other hand, magnesium boosts testosterone levels by 26%, according to clinical studies. However, this is only one of the ingredients, and they all combine in Testo-Max. Finally, intake of vitamin D is always welcome, even though sunlight is its most consistent source. According to an NCBI study, low vitamin D levels in males reflect low testosterone levels.

Visit the Official Website of Testo-Max

On CrazyBulks website, there is sufficient information about this product, along with frequently asked questions. Hence, visitors can easily find their way and place an order or complaint. Thats why Testo-Max is rated so highly on popular review sites and forums. Its a well-rounded, affordable product thats also easy to find.

As we age, our bodies cease to function with the same efficiency. This slowing down translates into reduced testosterone secretion. In turn, well feel a decline in our energy levels. That is not a good thing in the slightest: it means reduced physical performance and libido. But the negatives wont stop there. Another common symptom is sudden weight gain. Also, according to recent studies, the average man loses 1% of their testosterone store every year, beginning at age 30.

The decline of testosterone levels can bring about a host of problems, even if it is a naturally occurring facet of life. Fortunately, the Prime Male natural testosterone booster offers a way to contradict this body tendency.

Prime Male is a combination of several organic ingredients that help you get back on track. Some of these substances include ashwagandha extract, magnesium, and luteolin (found in citrus fruit). They work in tandem to reinstitute the hormonal balance. Also, they govern the percentage of free (unbound) testosterone in your body.

The body is then free to use free testosterone for many purposes, including fat loss, building lean muscle, and boosting sexual drive. Finally, the Prime Male supplement card breaks down the percentage composition of the ingredients used in the mix. So, each customer will know exactly how it works.

Visit the Official Website of Prime Male

TestRX, made by Leading Edge Marketing Ltd, is a natural testosterone booster formulated to replenish dwindling testosterone levels. Its ingredients include vitamins like K2, B6, and D3, various minerals, and other plant-based ingredients. So, its a perfectly safe mixture suitable for any adult to intake.

If one follows the instructions, TestRX will soon build up in their bloodstream and cause beneficial changes. By steadily increasing the testosterone level, TestRX elicits a notion of youthfulness within the body. So, its a confidence booster that also helps with muscle growth and your sexual stamina.

TestRXs trifecta of zinc, magnesium, and d-aspartic acid (DAA) is indeed famous for its efficacy. This formula is proven time and time again to be completely risk-free, too. Hence, its not an experiment but more of a carefully measured blend.

According to a study, zinc helps in the preservation of testosterone and boosts all muscle-building processes. The supplements official website also points to another aspect: the noticeable increase in energy levels. With that, TestRX may manage to mimic the effects of some popular energy drinks.

Visit the Official Website of TestRX

Another essential element is magnesium. As studies indicate, it can boost athletes performance and improve testosterone levels. Finally, the fenugreek extracts have a similar effect on the immune system, adding even more to the overall effectiveness of TestRX.

Leading Edge Marketing Ltd. recommends a cycle of two capsules of TestRX in the morning and two before dinner. Thats the best way to allow this formula to dissolve into your bloodstream. Also, this supplement is entirely risk-free, so youll be able to order it without a note from your physician.

You can buy TestRX on their official website. However, its prices are constantly changing with current demand. So, you might run into some good discounts, too.

To develop this list, we started by searching for the most popular testosterone boosters available today. Since these products are fairly sought-after, the list had many, many entries at that point. So, we proceeded by digging deeper into their ingredients and effectiveness.

We looked at the history of the brands and how they source their ingredients. Any past reports of foul play or overwhelmingly negative feedback resulted in the elimination of that product. Instead of those, we focused primarily on risk-free products.

This multi-layered process allowed us a detailed insight into this landscape. Finally, after evaluating all that data, we came up with a list of the five best testosterone boosters you can order today.

Some of the criteria we considered when trimming down the list of testosterone boosters include:

Of course, customers may have specific relationships with some elements. As a result, its critical to understand whether a product could cause an allergic reaction. Finally, those substances determine the products overall effectiveness. Stress prevention, fat burning, higher energy levels, endurance, muscle strength all such aspects depend on them.

When suffering from subnormal testosterone levels, one must promptly take action. Hormonal imbalance is a serious condition that will impede your life in a significant way. Worst of all, it is a naturally occurring part of the aging process. So, even if it isnt an after-effect of a disorder, it can cause problems. Either way, it demands your attention.

From a medical standpoint, the usage of testosterone boosters is among the safest remedies for such predicaments. This is because theyre intricately made with heavily researched formulas. Also, they dont pose added stress to the body-rather, theyll elicit a more gradual and beneficial change.

However, given how many similar products you may come across online, a more critical eye is needed. Knowing when to give a brand a hard pass is a type of skill. Plus, its a decision best made early on before anything goes south.

Hence, one should keep in mind some essential pointers while researching for a testosterone booster. Heres what to look out for:

Companies will do their best to draw your attention. Theyll use clever catchphrases that sound familiar or present some miracle effects. Yet, when it comes to testosterone boosters, one should be 110% clear on what to expect. Luckily, the most reputable brandslike the five mentioned abovego far and beyond to remain in the spotlight.

In other words, if a brand is well-known, its earned that status the hard way. In todays world, word of bad results spreads faster than light. Every single negative review tends to stick to a product for years to come. Therefore, trusted brands mustve done a lot of things right and not just in a few months. Theyve climbed there over a much longer span, all while working hard not to drop the ball.

Also, popular products carry multiple efficiency evaluations. The companies go through much scrutiny before the green light. And even afterward, they are held accountable for all cases. Helpful customer support service is only one aspect of this, but one that might indicate a caring company.

Its no secret that companies are ever-evolving when it comes to scientific research. Especially for testosterone boosters, there is a steady stream of inventions that push the industry forward. However, one should keep track of all this. It is advisable always to check what the box states for its primary ingredients.

Naturally, the presence of chemical additives and preservatives should be a definitive no. Artificial steroids have a high chance of causing adverse side effects, and thats only the best-case scenario. As a result, it is prudent to ensure that the product you are about to purchase is entirely pure and natural.

On a related note, consider your medical history at all times. If theres a history of blood-related conditions, please remember to consult with an expert first. Pre-existing disorders might spiral further still if you were to take chances. For example, they can over-increase the red blood cell production, thus escalating the risk of a heart attack. Another consequence is an enlarged prostate, making urination painful and difficult.

Brands with license and approval from government-sanctioned boards are obligated to meet specific standards. Hence, you can rest sure that they adhere to rigorous manufacturing practices.

As a result, those products carry a lower risk factor. So, buying from FDA-approved companies should be a priority. Make sure to develop this instinct before opting for a testosterone booster.

Trusted brands incorporate fair refund policies and money-back guarantees. They back up all of their products, which instills a sense of security within the buyer. By navigating these rules, youll never have to puzzle out what to do next. If a product proves inefficient, you should file a complaint and get refunds. Hence, make sure that such a development is part of the plan right at the start.

Buy products from companies that use clinically-proven ingredients and are

A 2015 FDA study indicates that testosterone boosters may or may not cause a sporadic increase in testosterone levels in men. However, most of these supplements contain zinc and B vitamins which are natural energy boosters. They also improve the biological availability of testosterone in the blood.

Many of these testosterone boosters contain aspartate, magnesium, mono-methionine aspartate, or ZMA. Those ingredients may enhance exercise performance and post-exercise recovery. In short, most testosterone boosters are herbal testosterone supplements.

The best testosterone boosters are natural supplements that enhance testosterone and related hormones in your body. Many of these boosters work by blocking the supply of estrogen (the female sex hormone) and its effects on the male body.

For patients suffering from hypogonadism, testosterone boosters can indeed turn their lives around. These products are built to increase your energy levels and libido.

Some reports indicate positive mood swings and a stronger sex drive. Usually, this goes hand-in-hand with steady muscle growth. In addition, testosterone boosters can quell problems associated with erectile dysfunction too.

Above all else, however, take note if youre suffering from any kind of heart condition. If you doubt whether it would be OK to start taking testosterone boosters, dont hesitate to see your doctor ASAP.

According to studies, resistance exercises such as weight lifting have a tremendous effect on testosterone production in men. Surprisingly, studies have found only a minor increase in the hormone in women who do a similar exercise.

High-intensity interval training also produced good results in men. In comparison, such an approach could significantly increase testosterone levels in far less than 45 minutes.

Some testosterone boosters, especially those bought over the counter (OTC), may be safe when consumed in moderation. They also come with a unique set of beneficial side effects.

However, they cannot permanently guarantee that your testosterone level will always remain high. The best way to stay safe is to sift through the ingredients. Plus, make sure to follow the doctors orders, and focus on the FDA-approved testosterone supplements.

The best testosterone boosters are herbal supplements as they do not contain harmful anabolic steroids, although there is evidence of the contrary. Most notably, athletes who use the best testosterone booster supplements to boost muscle mass and improve performance. However, when things go too far, there come risks related to kidney or liver damage.

Healthy, natural boosters like the ones discussed in this article can help you achieve the desired hormonal balance. Yet, dont think of them as a lifelong therapy solution. Instead, just take things one step at a time and do frequent re-checks.

So, buying testosterone boosters from verified sources is still the best way to go. Such testosterone boosting supplements will most likely provide you with a boost in testosterone production.

Testosterone levels tend to decrease with age. According to American Urological Association studies, about 2 out of 10 men in their 60s suffer from low testosterone. The number increases to 3 out of 10 men in their 70s and 80s.

A blood test is used to determine the testosterone level in your body. In men, a range of symptoms appears when testosterone levels fall below normal. If that happens, it may result in slower sex drive, hair loss, decreased energy levels, weak erections, sudden mood changes, etc.

On average, a mans testosterone peaks at the age of 20. Then, in the next few years, the levels move to a gradual decline. Experts believe that the healthiest men have testosterone levels between 400 to 600 ng/dL. Measures severely outside these limits point to a hormonal disorder.

However, signs of low testosterone become more apparent after the age of 30. A decrease in libido often accompanies it, leading most men to lose confidence in that aspect. While the reasons may simply accompany older age, this pattern may not be universal. In truth, many factors contribute to erectile dysfunction in men.

At first, youll probably notice your skin getting thicker. This is because your pores will become larger, resulting in a more oily appearance. Also, you might start to sweat more often. In tandem with this, the odors of your urine and sweat might change, too.

Following all this, a change in your emotional state is expected. You may start to develop a narrower range of feelings. However, you should generally enjoy a more positive mood. Studies confirm that an increase in testosterone affects your temper.

Finally, increased testosterone may improve your gym performance and age-related erectile dysfunction. Your healthy testosterone levels & energy levels will probably increase as well.

There are several ways to improve testosterone in men naturally. One of the most common and evidence-based methods is resistance training. By including weight lifting and other physical activities in your daily routines, youll experience a significant jump in testosterone levels.

An improved diet of more protein, carbs, and healthy fats can help boost testosterone levels, too. We recommend a diet based solely on whole foods because they contain larger amounts of testosterone-boosting nutrients.

Furthermore, high-stress levels can elevate the hormone cortisol, according to some studies. These unnatural amounts of cortisol in the bloodstream can rapidly deplete your testosterone store.

Also, you can take advantage of the sun to boost your vitamin D supply. Several studies have shown that vitamin D is capable of working as a natural testosterone booster. You can also avoid estrogen-inducing compounds commonly found in junk food. To do so, one might have to change their unhealthy eating habits, though.

Finally, you can opt for any one of the five best testosterone boosters featured on our list. In doing so, youll end up supporting the other methods mentioned here. Either way, they all function even better when combined.

As men age, their testosterone level is expected to decline naturally. It is a fact of life that likely wont be avoided. And when it takes a swing, youll probably notice its benefits. They often include lower overall energy, reduced muscle mass, unstable mood, and difficulty in weight loss.

These changes can occur even if you follow a healthy diet and workout routine. So, even the most disciplined of us suffer as a result of this. Regardless, theres a solution fit for everyone. Testosterone boosters are a smooth path towards hormonal balance, and the right testosterone boosting supplements are entirely natural and clinically tested.

Lastly, if you have any pre-existing conditions, make sure to consult your doctor before choosing a testosterone booster. These products can affect many critical bodily functions, and you wont want to test your luck there.

See the rest here:
5 Best Testosterone Boosters to Increase Testosterone Levels in 2022 - Us Weekly

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

On December 16, the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) decided to permanently allow doctors to administer medical abortions by telemedicine and through the mail. The prior rule (from before the pandemic) required a doctor to see a patient in person while giving her the two medications that terminate a pregnancy of up to 10 weeks gestation. The first medicine, mifepristone, blocks progesterone, the pregnancy hormone (literally pro-gestation) that directs the uterus to thicken and become hospitable to a growing embryo and fetus. The second medicine, misoprostol, induces uterine contractions that expel the excess uterine lining and the products of conception.

Medication abortions are safe and effective, so it is unclear why a doctor ever had to hand the medicine to the patient in person, especially when the patient goes on to take the drugs somewhere else. Doctors prescribe other medicines for their patients without having to interact with them in person or hand them pills directly. Even controlled substances like Fentanyl do not require this special procedure. Only politics could explain the old rule.

The pandemic presented another reason not to demand that doctor and patient see each other in person during the transfer of pills. Attempts to limit the spread of COVID-19 seemed inconsistent with enforcing a rule that lacks a plausible rationale and has the downside of exposing many more people to the virus. Indeed, medication abortion may be the primary method of abortion during the first eleven weeks of pregnancy. And the overwhelming majority of abortions happen during the first trimester (thirteen weeks). With almost 900,000 abortions a year in the United States, a rule requiring face-to-face pill handoffs amounts to a lot of unnecessary face-to-face meetings, particularly during a pandemic.

In response to COVID-19 and for its duration (whatever that might have meant), a federal judge suspended enforcement of the in-person medication abortion rule. Under the suspension, a doctor could meet the patient virtually (e.g., over Zoom) and then send her the medicine by mail. In anticipation or in response, nineteen states have already banned telemedicine visits for abortion medication, and others have put limits on the practice, presumably in the expectation that the Supreme Court will overrule Roe v. Wade this term.

Even in states that prohibit telemedicine abortion or limit it to some number of weeks short of ten, women still have more options than they did before. Traveling to another state to terminate a pregnancy is burdensome, to be sure. But driving to another state to talk with a doctor in that state on ones laptop through telemedicine, after which the doctor mails the woman two pills, exposes her to far less harassment and intimidation by advocates of forced pregnancy and birth than visiting an actual clinic to have the procedure. Patients can take the two pills at home or anywhere they feel comfortable and enjoy the privacy that both legislators and protesters have routinely denied them. Telemedicine abortionseven out of statewill also generally cost less than the surgical variety.

Abortion may soon become completely illegal in many states and perhaps in the whole country, if Republicans take over both houses of Congress and the presidency. Nonetheless, the illegal termination landscape too will look different with the availability of medical abortion. Asking a friend or an unlicensed practitioner to scrape products of conception out of the womb is far more likely to end in infection and death (of the woman) than is ordering some pills over the internet. The drugs may occasionally not be entirely pure, of course, but the image of the coat hanger can recede a little in the wake of medical abortion, at least for early terminations. And as the proportion of medication abortion rises in response to legal developments, first trimester terminations might now involve a choice between a nonexpert in a back alley and a couple of pills purchased from another country over the internet. For the government to keep track of who orders such pills would require something close to a police state, which even the most zealous anti-abortion advocates might prefer to avoid.

So medical abortions are likely to make terminating a pregnancy more accessible and affordable and less dangerous even when illegal, a welcome development in light of the Courts no-longer-hidden plans for Dobbs v. Mississippi, the abortion case it heard earlier this month. There is something especially satisfying for opponents of forced pregnancy and birth about a technology that takes some of the power to successfully regulate abortion away from states just as the Court is poised to give them that very power.

Beyond bringing good news for people who support the right against forced pregnancy and birth, medical abortions also offer an ethical argument to consider for those who generally condemn abortion. When I have discussed the issue with people on the other side, I generally explain (the rather obvious fact) that pregnancy is an active state in which the body works hard, and the placenta siphons nutrients away from the mother to meet the needs of her fetus, thus burdening the woman. The other side insists, by contrast, of speaking as though all it is asking from the pregnant woman is that she refrain from committing an act of violence. Just as you may not stab your neighbor or co-worker to death (even if you would very much like to do so), the pregnant woman may not kill the embryo or fetus. In reality, being pregnant is an affirmative burden of hard and hazardous work, not a passive refraining from attack.

Still, if I must answer the question of whether terminating a pregnancy involves direct violence to the embryo or fetus or whether it just involves ending a pregnancy, the question is hard to answer. Most abortion methods involve killing the embryo or fetus and then removing it from the womans body. Later in pregnancy, the abortion methods that bother many people involve suctioning the brain and then taking apart the fetuss body and removing each of the parts. The reason for the latter procedure is that later in pregnancy, the fetuss head is already large, and it seems pointless to force the woman to endure hard labor when the fetus cannot even survive outside the womb. Disassembling the fetuss body makes removal less injurious to the patient.

Nonetheless, if one believes that killing an embryo or fetus directly is wrong, then all of these surgical methods of abortion are wrong. Medication abortion is different. Taking the first pill simply blocks progesterone and thus stops the building of the uterine lining, and the second removes the products of conception (the embryo, blood) from the body by causing contractions. Neither pill poisons the embryo or otherwise kills it. The death of the embryo is an incidental effecta collateral casualtyof removing it from the womans body. The woman is therefore deciding not to have the embryo in her body, and it is the embryos pre-viability status that results in its death.

So long as it is legitimate for the woman not to want to invest the enormous and intimate bodily effort involved in turning an embryo into a baby inside her body, there is an argument that she is at least as justified in removing it as she would be in removing a catheter that connected her to someone (a full person) who was using her body as a respirator or a dialysis machine. (And yes, I am aware of similarities to Judith Jarvis Thompsons violinist.) The death results from the other entitys or persons need, not from the direct action of the pregnant woman or the human respirator/dialysis machine in disconnecting the embryo or person. The Supreme Court has insisted, in keeping with this distinction, that even though an individual has a presumed right to remove life support if she no longer wants it, she does not enjoy a right to physician assistance in dying.

Those familiar with Catholic theology will recognize that I am making what sounds a little like a Doctrine of Double Effect (DDE) argument. I am putting the finishing touches on a scholarly article about my own version of DDE. Most people understand this doctrine to hold that if a person intends something bad, then the action he takes with that intent is wrong, but if he intends something legitimate and sufficiently good to justify the bad effect, then the action he takes with the good intent is fine or even good. A familiar example is that if you want to help your patient dieand assisting a suicide is, by hypothesis, wrongthen giving the patient a morphine overdose to that end is wrong. If, on the other hand, you want to alleviate your patients excruciating painand alleviating terrible pain with the high morphine dose is necessary and legitimate and proportionate to the harm of death caused by the overdosethen giving your patient that same overdose is a fine thing to do.

Many have criticized the DDE, as described above, for distinguishing between identical actions based on intention and defining one as legitimate and the other as bad. I propose in my article (and here, briefly) that the more sensible application of DDE is that we do not literally ask what is in the persons mind as a matter of intent. If a doctor gives a patient enough morphine to alleviate terminal pain, and that amount of morphine brings about death, then even someone opposed to assisted suicide should be comfortable with what the doctor did and need not inquire into her true motives. But if the doctor kills the patient in a way that could not possibly alleviate pain, like injecting a poison, then there is no DDE defense because the only way the injection could address the patients pain is by killing the patient and therefore his pain forever. That is direct killing as a means of ending pain, and that is illegitimate, by hypothesis.

I support the right to physician assistance in dying as well as the right to direct abortion (i.e., even the type that involves killing the embryo or fetus). However, I understand the difference between directly doing something objectionable and having something objectionable happen as a result of doing something legitimate. For instance, if a military bombs a munitions plant knowing that three civilians will die (and that there is no way to spare the civilians without aborting the mission), then that mission might be legitimate. It pursues an acceptable objective, and the harm is not disproportionate relative to the benefit. By contrast, if a military just dropped a bomb on three civilians, that action would not be legitimate at all. It is clearly not a side effect of some legitimate action because there is no such legitimate action. We can tell when we are dealing with a DDE situation because we can plausibly explain the action as aimed at a permissible objective (regardless of what the actual intentions of the actors might be). Likewise, when we cannot explain the actions by resort to a legitimate and proportionate objective, then the action is impermissible.

Returning to abortion, for people who believe that killing an embryo or a fetus directly is wrong, the medication abortion offers a potential loophole. A person can be anti-abortion because affirmatively killing the embryo or fetus strikes the person as wrong. But in medication abortion all we are doing is removing the embryo or fetus from inside the woman because the woman does not want to be a respirator, a dialysis machine, and a source of calcium and other nutrients all rolled up into one. Neither medication kills the embryo. Each simply moves it from inside the woman who does not want it there to outside of her body. She does not wish to aid the embryo. Because the embryo is not viable, death is a collateral consequence of removal.

Now it is quite possible and even likely that the person getting a medication abortion intends for the embryo to die. Its death is part of why she is having an abortion. Under my approach to DDE, however, we do not care what her true intention is. We simply ask whether her actions could be understood as aimed at a legitimate purpose whose benefits are sufficient to justify the harmful impact (here, the death of the embryo). One could have a medication abortion because one refuses the extremely invasive, burdensome, and risky experience of pregnancy and birth. One could do so without specifically wanting the embryo to die. The situation is accordingly a double effect circumstance. Death is a side effect of removal.

Some might say that gestation is not sufficiently burdensome to justify removing the embryo and the pregnancy at the cost of the embryos dying. Such people may be ignorant of what it feels like to be a person who does not want to have her body taken over in the way that gestation takes over a womans body but who must be a respirator, etc. because someone or something is forcing her to. I know of people who consider themselves pro-life who have acknowledged privately that if all the woman does is to induce labor (which is effectively all that a medication abortion does), then it seems that she is choosing not to kill the embryo or fetus but simply not to keep it inside her body. We all presumably have the right to consent or not consent to being physically occupied by a foreign body, even the body of our own embryo.

Medication abortion thus opens some new windows on a very old problem. Terminating a pregnancyfinallycan truly be private so that unwanted third parties have no access to the pregnant woman. It can be less expensive than surgical abortions so that poorer women can afford it. And finally, it can be morally defensible even for those whose religious beliefs tell them that embryos are people but distinguish between killing someone and refusing aid in the form of serving as a 40-week life support machine. If you believe you have the right not to donate blood or a kidney or even your dead body once your life ends, then it seems that medical abortions ought to calm your objections to women who choose not to grow a baby from raw materials inside their wombs.

Link:
How Medical Abortion Challenges the Practice and the Moral Condemnation of Ending a Pregnancy - Justia Verdict

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

DURHAM, N.C., Dec. 20, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- REVIAN Inc., an aesthetic medical technology company dedicated to stimulating the body's natural processes to rejuvenate hair and skin with light, today announced the REVIAN RED System was named as the best treatment cap for androgenetic alopecia in a storypublished by New York Magazine. Tagged as "Recommended by Experts" the authors spoke with numerous doctors and dermatologists about the most effective products to treat hair loss, from topical and oral pharmaceuticals to more "natural" methods like scalp serums and light treatments.

The doctors and dermatologists interviewed for this story all agreed that hair loss can be slowed, stopped, or even reversed if the underlying problems are addressed. The REVIAN RED System uses patented dual colors of LED light in the 620 and 660 nm wavelength ranges, to stimulate the body's generation of nitric oxide and unlock the body's natural ability to accelerate healing and renew the cells that grow hair. Nitric oxide targets the three main pathogenic factors known to be associated with androgenetic alopecia: reduced local blood flow, inflammation, and elevated levels of DHT (dihydrotestosterone - a hormone responsible for shrinking hair follicles, which ultimately leads to hair loss and eventually baldness).

"The cap delivers precisely engineered red light to the scalp, which enhances circulation to the hair follicles. Improved delivery of oxygen and nutrients helps optimize activity of hair follicle. I use it to amplify the efficacy of other hair growth products," said Dr. Joshua Zeichner M.D., Director of Cosmetic and Clinical Research in Dermatology and Associate Professor of Dermatology at Mount Sinai Hospital.

The REVIAN RED System consists of a lightweight rechargeable cordless cap controlled by a user-friendly mobile app designed to control treatments, provide treatment feedback, and keep users on track. Understanding that ease-of-use and lifestyle fit are of paramount importance, this integrated system allows for complete freedom of movement and use almost anywhere during the 10-minute daily hair growth treatments.

"The biggest issue with any treatment is patients' compliance," added Dr. Zeichner. "Making it easy to fit into their personal daily routines can make all the difference."

"We believe the first place to seek help for hair loss is a qualified doctor or dermatologist. They can diagnose the problem and make sure it is not a symptom of a more serious disorder," said Tim Waite, VP of Sales, Revian, Inc. "If you are one of an estimated 50million menand 30 million women suffering with pattern baldness in the in the United States, you should talk to your physician about the REVIAN RED System and learn more at http://www.revian.com."

About REVIAN RED

The REVIAN RED System is an FDA cleared, wireless wearable cap controlled by a mobile "smart" app that functions to provide a hair loss treatment for men and women using LED light. The patented dual-band, LED technology provides broader scalp coverage and better skin penetration than red lasers used in low level laser therapy (LLLT). Dual wavelengths of LED light facilitate and accelerate scalp healing, allowing the body to renew cells associated with hair growth and retention.

Indications for use: The REVIAN RED System is indicated to treat androgenetic alopecia and to promote hair growth in males who have Norwood-Hamilton classifications of IIaV patterns of hair loss and to treat androgenetic alopecia and promote hair growth in females who have Ludwig-Savin Scale I-1 to I-4, II-1, II-2 or frontal patterns of hair loss; both with Fitzpatrick Skin Types IIV.

About REVIAN

REVIAN is an aesthetic medical technology innovator dedicated to stimulating the body's natural processes to rejuvenate hair and skin with light. We create products that precisely deliver light and allow people to experience its regenerative potential in the convenience of their own home. We are committed to partnering with health-care providers and other caring professionals to deliver meaningful results, backed by scientific data. For more information, visit http://www.revian.com

REVIAN Inc., headquartered in Durham, is an operating subsidiary of KNOW Bio, LLC.

Media Contact:Al SafarikasKNOW BIO, LLC [emailprotected] (919) 887-4350

Investor Contact: John OakleyKNOW BIO, LLC[emailprotected] (919) 939-7715

SOURCE REVIAN, Inc.

Here is the original post:
REVIAN RED System, Among the Best Hair-Loss Treatments According to Doctors - PRNewswire

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Canadas decision to remove restrictions on the abortion pill did not impact its safety, a new study has found.

Researchers at the University of British Columbia say the study shows the drug remains a safe, effective option and signals to other countries that restrictions on the medication are unnecessary and burdensome.

Having access to medication that can be taken at home without a trip to the doctor or an abortion clinic, which are often harder to find in rural areas, became more crucial in a pandemic, said Dr. Sheila Dunn, a scientist and family physician at Womens College Hospital who co-authored the study published this month in the New England Journal of Medicine.

The potential for this drug is you dont need an operating room, or surgical training to be able to deliver that care. You can deliver it from your office ... and your office could be in a small town, she said.

It has the potential to widen the number of providers. The change in the regulations really made a difference in whether or not providers would pick it up, she said.

Previously, the restrictions on the medication were onerous, she said.

Prior to November 2017, physicians were required to observe their patients taking the medication and in order to prescribe it, a doctor would need to be specially trained and registered with the manufacturer.

The abortion pill was approved in Canada in July 2015, while in 57 other countries like France and Britain, it had been available for decades. The U.S. approved the drug in 2000.

The drug provides an alternative to surgical abortions, and can be used up until 63 days into the pregnancy.

It works in two parts: first a patient takes mifepristone, which blocks the hormone progesterone, which sustains a pregnancy. It stimulates the uterus to expel the pregnancy tissue, said Dunn. Then a second pill containing the hormone prostaglandin is taken one to two days later.

The process is similar to what would happen during a miscarriage, said Dunn.

The research showed that prescribing the drug without restrictions showed no increase in abortion-related health complications.

Researchers analyzed 315,000 abortions in Ontario between 2012 and 2020 and found no increase in health issues following the removal of the abortion pill restrictions.

Our study is a signal to other countries that restrictions are not necessary to ensure patient safety, Wendy Norman, the studys senior author and professor in UBCs department of family practice, said in a press release about the research.

The previous restrictions had no scientific justification and made it more difficult for people to access the care they needed, she said.

The uptake of the abortion pill was rapid following policy changes, the study says. When the medication became available without restrictions, within two years, 31.4 per cent of abortions in the country were provided using the drug.

The abortion rate also declined slightly after restrictions were removed, from 11.9 abortions per 1,000 female residents aged 15-49, to 11.3 indicating an increase in access does not mean an increase in abortions, said Dunn.

The abortion pill allows the experience of an abortion to be more private, and allows the patient to avoid the harassment many face around abortion clinics. Ontario launched protest-free buffer zones of 50 metres outside clinics and 150 metres outside abortion providers homes in 2017 for this reason.

Canada is the first country in the world to remove the restrictions, and its hoped other nations will follow suit, said Dunn.

It provides very good evidence that theres no rational reason for [restrictions] in terms of safety. Weve shown that really doesnt exist, she said.

Last week, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration removed a long-standing requirement that women had to pick up the medication in person.

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Remove restrictions on abortion pill didn't impact safety: Study | The Star - Toronto Star

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

William Culbert| Guest column

State Rep. John Ragan, 33rd District,is misguided in his efforts to usurp the authority of the Tennessee Board of Medical Examiners in its efforts to protect Tennesseans from COVID-19. Despite his stated motivations, he has contradictory political views and legislative precedents.

The General Assembly may grant rule-making authority to the TBME, but the 71 medical boards that exist in every state and territory are established by the U.S. Constitution with a federal mandate to protect the public from the unprofessional, improper, unlawful, or incompetent practice of medicine … and gives authority to a medical board to enforce the acts provisions.

Ragans justification for his threat to have the Government Operations Committee disband the board is based on protecting the autonomy of physicians and their patients and the lack of regulatory specificity toward physicians that purvey misinformation and disinformation about COVID-19.

Rep. Ragan has advocated using taxpayer dollars to study the appropriateness of treating COVID-19 with drugs like a deworming medicine for horses with no anti-viral properties. This conflicts with the recommendation of major medical groups and disregards the significance of a highly effective anti-viral pill that has recently received approval for emergency use from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory committee.

In his House Bill 578 regarding gender identity, Ragan expressly undermines the autonomy of the physician, minor patient, and the responsible parent by requiring a second medical opinion from a different medical specialist with no specific training in endocrinology that is often expensive and difficult to obtain. Without meeting this requirement, the bill prohibits use of hormone therapy in these pre-pubertal patients despite medical assurances of its safety and reversibility.

Ragan says this legislation was drafted to protect Tennessees children, but he rejects Medicaid expansion, forgoing a million dollars a day in federal subsidies for direct health benefits for tens of thousands of the states children.

There are very few rules in medicine, but there are a lot of practice guidelines. They frequently have minor inconsistencies, and good physicians routinely operate within this penumbra. Unfortunately, the practices of some doctors are more motivated by social media, political news programs, or religious doctrine that do not represent good medicine.

Because what these physicians say matters, their opinions can be particularly dangerous, and medical boards may need to use broad regulatory terms like misinformation or disinformation to rein them in.

Even when regulators have known that physicians are addicted to drugs or alcohol or they over prescribe opioids, it has been difficult to stop them from practicing medicine. This is rapidly changing, but potentially more dangerous for patients are the doctors that knowingly reject the quality medical practice standards of their peers. They dont need more protection from politicians.

Physician William Culbert lives in Oak Ridge and has a practice in Clinton.

Go here to read the rest:
Politician oversteps his authority with COVID-19 - Oak Ridger

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

The American Journal of Managed Care (AJMC) recently spoke with Nicholas McAndrew, MD, MSCE, a medical oncologist and breast cancer specialist at UCLA Health and assistant clinical professor of Medicine at UCLA in the Division of Hematology/Oncology. AJMC asked McAndrew, about the arrival of CDK4/6 inhibitors in the treatment landscape.

AJMC: What is HR-positive HER2-negative breast cancer?

McAndrew: HR-positive stands for hormone receptor positive, and HER2-negative means that the breast cancer is does not overexpress the HER2 protein; hormone receptor positive means positive for either the estrogen receptor or the progesterone receptor. HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer is the most common subtype of breast cancer. Hormone-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer represents about 60% to 80% of all cancer diagnoses, with HER2-positive breast cancer being about 20% and triple negative breast cancermeaning it's negative for estrogen, progesterone, and negative for HER2, representing about 10% of breast cancers.

AJMC: What are the goals of therapy in treating patients with this type of breast cancer?

McAndrew: The main goal of therapy for anybody with metastatic breast cancer, but in particular, hormone-positive HER2-negative breast cancer, is to control the progression of their cancer. Unfortunately, with metastatic breast cancer, once cancer cells have left the breast and have spread to distant organs in the body, or just in lymph nodes in the body not within the regional lymph node chain of the breast tissue, its no longer curable. Now, of course, the minority of patients develop thatmost patients who have been diagnosed with breast cancer are found at an early stage. But [some] patients either recur or present with de novo metastatic disease. And so, when a breast cancer is not curable, the main goal is to try and control the growth of the cancer in order to try and delay or avoid any kind of complications that could arise from where metastasis can develop. Also, that's in conjunction with helping maintain somebody's quality of life. So, the main goal of therapy is really to prolong someone's life, but also to prolong a good quality of life. And that takes into account trying to control the disease, but also especially for hormone-positive HER2 negative breast cancer, trying to give treatments that will achieve that goal with a minimum amount of toxicity. Thats really the most important part for hormone- positive, HER2-negative breast cancer.

AJMC: Could you give us a brief overview of the current treatment landscape for HR-positive HER2-negative breast cancer?

McAndrew: In advanced or metastatic hormone-positive HER2 negative breast cancer, the broad overview is that because we're trying to help patients feel as well as possible for as long as possible, you want to start off with therapies that are going to be well-tolerated and maximally effective. And so, we prioritize giving hormone-based therapies or hormone-blocking therapies that are usually in conjunction with some kind of a molecular therapy. We do that first to try to extinguish those options, because oftentimes, those drugs can be tolerated for a longer period of time and have a better side effect profile. Then with chemotherapy, which is traditionally prior to the advent of all these amazing hormone-blocking therapieswe try to use those prior to having to give chemotherapy. In terms of a brief overview, we start off by trying to control the cancer with the less toxic hormone-blocking therapies before moving on to trying to control it with chemotherapy, which is oftentimes more toxic and less effective.

AJMC: How has the arrival of the CDK4/6 inhibitors change the treatment landscape?

McAndrew: It's really been game changing. They've been incredible drugs that have drastically improved survival in patients with metastatic breast cancereven in the first-line setting. In patients who have first-line metastatic disease, for hormone-positive HER2 negative breast cancer, traditionally, patients have initially been started on single-agent endocrine therapy. What Dr. [Richard] Finn and Dr. [Dennis] Slamon [had shown] in their labs is that it was hormone-positive HER2-negative breast cancer cell lines that seemed to be especially sensitive in a synergistic fashion with a different therapy to CDK4/6 inhibitors;1 [this] launched the first of many trials that showed that when we add these compounds to first-line and second-line endocrine therapy, it significantly improves progression-free survival, and importantly, with some CDK4/6 inhibitors, overall survival in both the first- and second-line settings. We have a couple studies now showing that that when ribociclib is added to a first-line endocrine therapy for both premenopausal patients and postmenopausal patients, it significantly improves overall survival.

AJMC: What are your preferred treatment regimens for treating patients with HR-positive HER2- negative advanced breast cancer?

McAndrew: I take certain things into consideration when I'm trying to select a treatment for patients. So, these drugs the CDK4/6 inhibitors do have different toxicities. For instance, abemaciclib (Verzenio) has more [gastrointestinal] GI toxicity and more diarrhea associated with it, but less neutropenia; it's given on a daily basis, rather than a 1 week on, 1 week off basis. Ribociclib (Kisquali) is has less GI toxicity and has more overlapping toxicity profile with palbociclib (Ibrance), with the exception that ribociclib additionally does carry the risk of QT prolongation. So, for patients whom I'm worried that they're not going to be able to reliably come in EKGs during the first 4 weeks of treatment, I sometimes consider not prescribing that one because I want to make sure they're safe and monitored on therapy.

And then with palbociclib, theres nothing of concern for QT prolongation; however, some of the overall survival data with palbociclib has not been positive. And so, I generally dont prefer that one when I'm considering between ribociclib and abemaciclib because the survival data in those drugs has been consistently positive. So, those are some of the factors that I take into account.

AJMC: In addition to concerns about patients coming in for an EKG, has the pandemic has the pandemic affected treatment choices? We know that cancer screenings dropped during the early months of the pandemicwas there any impact on the treatment of metastatic breast cancer?

McAndrew: In my practice it really hasn't impacted the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. I certainly think that many of the patients who were concerned about coming in for regular follow-ups in regular chemotherapyespecially for patients who were getting treatment for early-stage diseasein the end, I did see some patients concerned about coming in for their chemo and even in some rare cases, decide not to do chemotherapy. [This was] because of the concern for leaving the home during the pandemic, but that's a minority of patients. And I would say that most patients were able to come in; [with metastatic breast cancer] these patients are highly motivated to remain in close contact with their oncologist to continue to receive care. So, I actually haven't seen a major impact when it comes to the availability of treatment and the treatment decisions during the pandemic.

But certainly, one of the major things, especially early in the pandemic, in the early-stage setting was that patients who were diagnosed with low-risk hormone-positive or negative early-stage breast cancerback when the operating rooms were not running at full capacitywe were managing a lot of these patients with neoadjuvant endocrine therapy until they were able to book their surgery, usually months down the line. Typically, these patients will go right to surgery, but because of the institutional decision to try and preserve ventilators for the ICU, and to minimize the number of nonemergent surgeries and elective surgeries, a lot of patients were managed with neoadjuvant endocrine therapy until the operating rooms open back up at full capacity. And that was pretty successful. We didn't see any delay, or anyone's care be compromised from a cancer perspective, we didn't see any progressions, because of that decision. So that was good.

AJMC: Your earlier response about using CDK4/6 inhibitors in first-line treatment is consistent with responses we are hearing from oncologists who treat several types of cancersthat the trend in the first-line setting is to use the best drugs available. Is this true across the board with CDK4/6 inhibitors?

McAndrew: Yes, absolutely. Often, these drugs are very, very well-tolerated. And in many of these studies, patients would have gone on to receive a subsequent CDK4/6 inhibitor. And despite that potential source of confounding in the studies, we still see a maintained overall survival benefit when you start by giving them the CDK4/6 inhibitor plus the endocrine therapy. At this point, unless there are patient-specific comorbidities or tolerability [that] preclude the physician from being able to prescribe the CDK4/6 inhibitor, there's really not a reason not to start with the CDK4/6 inhibitor. Because when cancers become resistant to a line of therapy, it's not the same type of cancer, and we don't know whether delaying the addition of the CDK4/6 inhibitor until they progress on endocrine therapy is really the right thing to do. Because you're now dealing with a different type of cancer that was resistantthat has already become an acute resistance. So, if you capture the opportunity to try to control the disease when it's as endocrine-sensitive as possible, with the strongest tools possible, youre likely offering the patient the maximum amount of benefit.

AJMC: Is there's anything we haven't covered that you'd like to add?

McAndrew: The main focus at this point in terms of where the field is headed is trying to understand the mechanisms behind CDK4/6 resistance and trying to really tailor subsequent therapies to the different ways that patients may become resistant to these drugs. I think that that next-generation sequencing with both liquid biopsies and with solid tumor biopsies is going to be a huge part of where we see this field moving in the future. And hopefully, we'll be able to tailor subsequent lines of therapy specifically to patients mutations as they as they arise throughout the course of treatment, to stay one step ahead of the cancer.

Reference

Finn RS, Dering J, Conklin D, et al. PD 0332991, a selective cyclin D kinase 4/6 inhibitor, preferentially inhibits proliferation of luminal estrogen receptor-postive human breast cell lines in vitro. Breast Cancer Res. 2009;11(5):R77 doi: 10.1186/bcr2419.

Original post:
McAndrew: No Reason Not to Start With CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Metastatic HR+ HER2-Negative Breast Cancer - AJMC.com Managed Markets Network

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PALM BEACH, Fla., Dec. 21, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- FinancialNewsMedia.com News Commentary - Breast cancer is cancer that develops in the breast tissue. Breast cancer signs include the formation of a lump in the breast and red patches on the skin. Obesity, lack of physical activity, excessive radiation exposure, and alcohol use are all risk factors for breast cancer. Breast cancer is more prevalent in developed countries than it is in developing countries. Post diagnosis, cancer therapy requires different procedures depending upon the form and severity of cancer. The cancer care market is increasing at a substantial pace due to the rise in the occurrence of cancer cases, growing knowledge among people about different stages, and availability of treatment of cancer. Breast cancer treatment relies on different factors, such as breast cancer origin, tumor size, and breast cancer phase, and cancer grade. Operations, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, and bone-led therapy are some of the most popular approaches used in the management of breast cancer. A report from Facts and Factors states that the global breast cancer treatment market was registered at about USD 19.24 Billion in 2019 and is expected to generate revenues worth around USD 34.06 Billion by end of 2026, effectively growing at a CAGR of around 8.5% between 2020 and 2026. Active biotech and pharma companies in the markets this week include Oncolytics Biotech Inc. (NASDAQ: ONCY) (TSX: ONC), Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc. (NASDAQ: ITCI), Galera Therapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ: GRTX), Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc. (NYSE: LCTX), Gilead Sciences, Inc. (NASDAQ: GILD).

The report added: "The rising number of females diagnosed with breast cancer is a major driver of market development. Aside from this, the demand has grown due to the acceptance of unhealthy lifestyles, an increase in the women geriatric population, exposure to toxic radiation, and increased government initiatives. Since no absolute cure exists, there is room for the industry to develop globally. The global breast cancer treatment market is driven by America on a regional basis. The demand has grown as a result of changing lifestyles and the increased incidence of breast cancer in the United States. Europe is the market leader in breast cancer. The development of this market in America and Europe is due to technological advancements, increased life expectancy, and increased healthcare spending by people. The market is expected to expand at the fastest rate in the Asia Pacific."

Oncolytics Biotech Inc. (NASDAQ: ONCY) (TSX: ONC) BREAKING NEWS: Oncolytics Biotech Promotes Thomas C. Heineman, M.D., Ph.D., to Chief Medical Officer - Oncolytics Biotech ) today announced that Thomas (Tom) C. Heineman, M.D., Ph.D., has been promoted to the role of Chief Medical Officer (CMO). Dr. Heineman has over two decades of experience leading clinical development programs and previously served as Oncolytics' Global Head of Clinical Development and Operations.

"Tom's clinical expertise, deep understanding of oncology drug development, and impressive track record make him an ideal fit as our CMO," said Dr. Matt Coffey, President and Chief Executive Officer of Oncolytics Biotech Inc. "Since joining Oncolytics in August 2020, Tom has provided crucial insights that have enabled the efficient advancement of our lead breast cancer program and facilitated our pipeline's expansion into additional indications. Looking forward, Tom's strategic guidance will continue to be an invaluable asset as we move towards a registration study in metastatic breast cancer and advance our broader pipeline."

Dr. Heineman added, "The opportunity to serve as Oncolytics' CMO is exciting. Pelareorep's ability to recruit anti-cancer immune cells into tumors and promote an inflamed microenvironment positions it as a potential immunotherapeutic backbone that can enable the success of a wide range of immuno-oncology agents. We have demonstrated clinical proof-of-concept in several high unmet need indications and are now building on these results in ongoing trials. As CMO, I look forward to leading the clinical development of pelareorep through these and future trials, and to my continued work alongside my highly talented colleagues at Oncolytics."

Prior to joining Oncolytics, Dr. Heineman was Senior Vice President and Head of Clinical Development at Denovo Biopharma. Prior to his time at Denovo, he served as Vice President and Head of Clinical Development at both Genocea Biosciences and Halozyme Therapeutics. At Halozyme, Dr. Heineman was also Head of Translational Medicine and oversaw clinical trials in indications such as breast and pancreatic cancer. Dr. Heineman's experience further extends to big pharma and academia, as he previously worked as Senior Director, Global Clinical Research and Development at GlaxoSmithKline and as an Associate Professor at the Saint Louis University School of Medicine.

Dr. Heineman has co-authored over 60 peer-reviewed publications and is board certified in Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases. He completed his fellowship in Infectious Diseases at the National Institutes of Health and his internship and residency at the University of Maryland. Dr. Heineman earned his M.D. and Ph.D. in Virology at the University of Chicago. CONTINUED Read this full press release and more news for ONCY at: https://www.financialnewsmedia.com/news-oncy/

Other recent developments in the biotech industry of note include:

Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc. (NASDAQ: ITCI), a biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of therapeutics for central nervous system (CNS) disorders, recently announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved CAPLYTA for the treatment of depressive episodes associated with bipolar I or II disorder in adults, as monotherapy and as adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate.

"CAPLYTA is the only medication approved by the FDA to treat depressive disorders associated with bipolar I or bipolar II as both monotherapy and adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate. CAPLYTA has shown a consistent favorable profile on weight, cardiometabolic parameters and extrapyramidal symptoms (movement disturbances). We are positioned to launch immediately and are excited to offer CAPLYTA to the millions of patients living with bipolar depression," said Dr. Sharon Mates, Chairman and CEO of Intra-Cellular Therapies. "We thank the patients, healthcare professionals and our Intra-Cellular team for all their contributions that led to this approval."

Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc. (NYSE American: LCTX) recently announced that Lineage and its subsidiary, Cell Cure Neurosciences Ltd., have entered into an exclusive worldwide collaboration and license agreement with Rocheand Genetech, a member of the Roche Group (SIX: RO, ROG;OTCQX: RHHBY), for the development and commercialization of a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell therapy for the treatment of ocular disorders, including advanced dry age-related macular degeneration (dry AMD) with geographic atrophy (GA).

Genentech will assume responsibility for further clinical development and commercialization of Lineage's OpRegen program, which currently is being evaluated in a Phase 1/2a open-label, dose escalation clinical safety and efficacy study in patients with advanced dry AMD with GA. Under the terms of the collaboration agreement, Lineage will complete activities related to the ongoing clinical study, for which enrollment is complete, and perform certain manufacturing activities. Genentech will pay Lineage a $50 million upfront payment and Lineage is eligible to receive up to $620 million in additional development, approval and sales milestone payments, in addition to tiered double- digit royalties.

Gilead Sciences, Inc. (NASDAQ: GILD) recently announced new data from the Phase 3 ASCENT study evaluating Trodelvy(sacituzumab govitecan-hziy) in relapsed or refractory metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who received two or more prior systemic therapies, at least one of them for metastatic disease. In this subgroup analysis of Black patients, Trodelvy improved progression-free survival (PFS), with a 56% reduction in the risk of disease worsening or death (HR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.24-0.80; P=0.008) and a median PFS of 5.4 months (n=28) versus 2.2 months with chemotherapy (n=34).

Trodelvy also extended median overall survival to 13.8 months versus 8.5 months with physician's choice of chemotherapy (HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.34-1.19; P=0.159). The results were presented at the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS) (Poster #P5-16-07).

Galera Therapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ: GRTX) closed up over 28% on Monday on heavy trading volume of over 112 Million Shares and was up slightly in aftermarket trading. Galera Therapeutics recently announced that corrected results from its Phase 3 ROMAN trial of avasopasem for the treatment of RT-induced severe oral mucositis (SOM) in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC) achieved statistical significance on the primary endpoint of reduction in the incidence of SOM. Avasopasem has been granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation (BTD) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the reduction of SOM induced by RT.

DISCLAIMER: FN Media Group LLC (FNM), which owns and operates FinancialNewsMedia.com and MarketNewsUpdates.com, is a third party publisher and news dissemination service provider, which disseminates electronic information through multiple online media channels. FNM is NOT affiliated in any manner with any company mentioned herein. FNM and its affiliated companies are a news dissemination solutions provider and are NOT a registered broker/dealer/analyst/adviser, holds no investment licenses and may NOT sell, offer to sell or offer to buy any security. FNM's market updates, news alerts and corporate profiles are NOT a solicitation or recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities. The material in this release is intended to be strictly informational and is NEVER to be construed or interpreted as research material. All readers are strongly urged to perform research and due diligence on their own and consult a licensed financial professional before considering any level of investing in stocks. All material included herein is republished content and details which were previously disseminated by the companies mentioned in this release. FNM is not liable for any investment decisions by its readers or subscribers. Investors are cautioned that they may lose all or a portion of their investment when investing in stocks. For current services performed FNM expects to be compensated forty nine hundred dollars for news coverage of the current press releases issued by Oncolytics Biotech Inc. by a non-affiliated third party. FNM HOLDS NO SHARES OF ANY COMPANY NAMED IN THIS RELEASE.

This release contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and such forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. "Forward-looking statements" describe future expectations, plans, results, or strategies and are generally preceded by words such as "may", "future", "plan" or "planned", "will" or "should", "expected," "anticipates", "draft", "eventually" or "projected". You are cautioned that such statements are subject to a multitude of risks and uncertainties that could cause future circumstances, events, or results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements, including the risks that actual results may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, and other risks identified in a company's annual report on Form 10-K or 10-KSB and other filings made by such company with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You should consider these factors in evaluating the forward-looking statements included herein, and not place undue reliance on such statements. The forward-looking statements in this release are made as of the date hereof and FNM undertakes no obligation to update such statements.

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SOURCE FinancialNewsMedia.com

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The Global Breast Cancer Treatment Market Expected To Reach $34.06 Billion By End Of 2026 - PRNewswire

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Immortality could also be cause for alarm. An uploaded brain, in a sense, will have beaten death, which raises basic psychological and philosophical questions. We can say that death is at the root of consciousness, normative law and human existence, Kauffman says. The loss of death is likely to radically alter who or what the being or creature is.

Theres no guarantee that this being would be the same one who first entered into the cryogenic process, either. As de Grey says, the question remains of whether scanning the brain and uploading it into a different substrate is revival at all, or if youd be creating a new individual with the same characteristics.

Regardless of who or what that ghost in the machine turned out to be, programming in a digital suicide option would likely be necessary just in case the experience proved too overwhelming or oppressive. I think theyd have to decide in advance what the escape hatch would be if it didnt work out, Callahan says. Is it that the company is authorised to kill you, or are you left to do it yourself?

Despite the unknowns, some would still be willing to give such an existence a shot. If the option was complete oblivion and nothingness or uploading my mind into a computer, Id like to at least try it, Kowalski says. It could be pretty cool.

--

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If cryonics suddenly worked, wed need to face the fallout ...

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JUPITER, Fla. A fun-loving baby with plenty of energy. That's how Linda Trantham describes her daughter Shandra.

"She loved to go to the beach even when she was a toddler and jump in the sea and go to Dubois Park," Linda said.

But one day that changed.

"I first noticed when we went to England on vacation and there was an indoor pool with a wave machine. And the next wave coming along and she like had a funny walk," she added.

A doctor diagnosed Shandra with Friedreich's Ataxia, known as FA, when she was 12 years old. It's an inherited rare disease that affects the nerves and muscles.

WPTV

Shandra herself noticed the change.

"I really couldn't walk in a straight line anymore and I had scoliosis, a sideways curvature of the spine. I had chest pain with exercise," Shandra explained. " So it's estimated that there are about 15-thousand people with it in the entire world. It's like four to five thousand in the U.S."

Shandra graduated from Jupiter High School and went on to the University of Florida. She's now 24 years old and in the Ph.D. program. She's on a path to help people dealing with neurological diseases.

WPTV

She said she's doing gene therapy research in a lab at UF.

"Working on gene therapy in general, kind of contributes to the project for FA, so it's really nice being in the center of all that and getting to see firsthand all of the things that are happening in the development," she said. "My hope is that science will come far enough along that we can just treat people on an individual basis, it would be really cool.

"I'm amazed and in some ways not surprised she's so inquisitive and into science," said Linda.

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Jupiter High School graduate helping in gene therapy research at UF - WPTV.com

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DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--The "Global Cell and Gene Therapy Manufacturing Services Market 2021-2027" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The global cell and gene therapy manufacturing services market is projected to grow at a potential CAGR during the forecast period (2021-2027).

The key aspect that drives the growth of the market includes the rising incidence of cancer coupled with the increasing R&D by pharmaceutical companies and partnerships & agreements between pharmaceutical companies and contract development and manufacturing organizations (CDMOs). Benefits of partnering with a cell or gene therapy CDMOs include scalability, speed to market, access to technical expertise without overhead costs, and cost-efficiency.

Covid-19 has affected economies and industries in several countries due to lockdown, travel bans, and business shutdowns. The global healthcare industry is one of the major industries facing serious disruptions such as breaks in supply chains and disruptions in manufacturing due to lockdown and office shutdowns. However, an increased number of investigational studies based on cell therapies for the treatment of COVID-19 patients have led to a positive impact on the market.

The global cell and gene therapy manufacturing services market is segmented based on therapy, scale, indication, and end-user. Based on therapy, the market is segmented into cell and gene therapy. Among, therapy, the cell therapy segment is expected to grow at a decent rate during the forecast period.

The attributable factor for the growth of the segment is increasing awareness about cell therapy coupled with the development of genomics methods for cell analysis. Based on the scale, the market is segmented into pre-commercial/ R&D scale manufacturing, commercial-scale manufacturing. Among scale, pre-commercial/ R&D scale manufacturing holds a lucrative share in the market during the forecast period owing to the expansion of cell and gene pipelines across the globe.

North America held a major market position in the global cell and gene therapy manufacturing services market in 2020. The presence of key companies involved in the development of cell and gene therapy and growing investments in the field are some of the key factors driving the growth of the regional market. Europe is the second-largest market in 2020 owing to the presence of a strong workforce coupled with strong facilities.

Further, Thermo Fisher Inc., Merck KGaA, and F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., among others are some of the prominent players operating in the market.

Strategic initiatives may support an increase in the market share of the players during the forecast period. The manufacturers are extensively investing in new technologies. Moreover, new launches & developments, partnerships and collaborations, and mergers and acquisitions are some of the growth strategies adopted by the players to sustain in the highly competitive market.

Key Topics Covered:

1. Report Summary

1.1. Research Methods and Tools

1.2. Market Breakdown

2. Market Overview and Insights

2.1. Scope of the Report

2.2. Analyst Insight & Current Market Trends

2.3. Porter's Analysis

3. Competitive Landscape

3.1. Key Company Analysis

3.1.1. Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.

3.1.1.1. Overview

3.1.1.2. Financial Analysis

3.1.1.3. SWOT Analysis

3.1.2. Merck KGaA

3.1.3. Lonza Group Ltd.

3.2. Key Strategy Analysis

3.3. Impact of COVID-19 on Key Players

4. Market Determinants

4.1. Motivators

4.2. Restraints

4.3. Opportunities

5. Market Segmentation

5.1. Global Cell and Gene Therapy Manufacturing Services Market by Therapy

5.1.1. Cell Therapy

5.1.2. Gene Therapy

5.2. Global Cell and Gene Therapy Manufacturing Services Market by Scale

5.2.1. Pre-commercial/ R&D Scale Manufacturing

5.2.2. Commercial Scale Manufacturing

5.3. Global Cell and Gene Therapy Manufacturing Services Market by Indication

5.3.1. Cancer

5.3.2. CVD

5.3.3. Orthopedic

5.3.4. Infectious Diseases

5.3.5. Others

5.4. Global Cell and Gene Therapy Manufacturing Services Market by End User

5.4.1. Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Companies

5.4.2. Academic and Research Institutes

6. Regional Analysis

6.1. North America

6.1.1. US

6.1.2. Canada

6.2. Europe

6.2.1. UK

6.2.2. Germany

6.2.3. Italy

6.2.4. Spain

6.2.5. France

6.2.6. Rest of Europe

6.3. Asia-Pacific

6.3.1. China

6.3.2. India

6.3.3. Japan

6.3.4. South Korea

6.3.5. Rest of Asia-Pacific

6.4. Rest of the World

7. Company Profiles

7.1. bluebird bio, Inc.

7.2. Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH

7.3. Catalent, Inc.

7.4. Cell and Gene Therapy Catapult

7.5. Innovative Cellular Therapeutics Co., Ltd.

7.6. Charles River Laboratories International, Inc.

7.7. F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.

7.8. FUJIFILM Holdings Corp.

7.9. Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG

7.10. Nikon CeLL innovation Co., Ltd.

7.11. Novartis AG

7.12. Oxford Biomedica plc

7.13. Samsung Biologics

7.14. Takara Bio Inc.

7.15. WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd.

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/66e8ge.

Read more here:
Global Cell and Gene Therapy Manufacturing Services Market Research Report 2021-2027 Featuring Prominent Players - Thermo Fisher, Merck KGaA, and F....

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

The This research service discusses the cell and gene therapy (CGT) market and highlights some key roadblocks in viral vector manufacturing. While many CGT candidates exist in the pipeline, there is a huge capacity deficit that the industry is collaboratively trying to address.

New York, Dec. 21, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Reportlinker.com announces the release of the report "Technology Developments in Viral Vector Manufacturing for Cell and Gene Therapies" - https://www.reportlinker.com/p06192548/?utm_source=GNW

Scalability, costs, reproducibility, and overall process efficiency are some of the main pain points at each step of the viral vector manufacturing process.Many industry stakeholders are capitalizing on innovative, sustainable business models and capacity expansion investments to address shortage issues.

Biotechnology companies, such as Merck, Novartis, and Pfizer, and key contract development and manufacturing organizations, such as Thermo Fisher Scientific, Catalent, and FUJIFILM Diosynth Technologies, are investing in new capacities, expanding capacities, and developing innovative technologies to stay ahead in the CGT market. The research covers emerging technologies and trends, challenges, and opportunities across the manufacturing workflow, from upstream (viral vector production) to downstream (viral vector purification). Key developments in upstream processes for viral vector production include advanced transfection agents, novel plasmids, suspension-adapted cell culture, and stable producer cell lines. The research also discusses the general industry shift toward adopting automation, digitization, and advanced analytical processes, including on-line and in-line analytics and robust real-time analytics, to highlight the importance of analytical tools throughout the value chain. Smart technologies, such as automation and digital tools, and the adoption of artificial intelligence and big data support progress in process control and optimization while improving overall efficiencies and safety. The CGT industry works through orchestrated collaborations to develop reference standards and build process analytical technologies (PAT) to optimize manufacturing further. The research presents a birds eye view of key stakeholders and their innovative platforms and a snapshot of the collaborative ecosystem to understand the CGT industrys dynamic and fast-paced nature.Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p06192548/?utm_source=GNW

About ReportlinkerReportLinker is an award-winning market research solution. Reportlinker finds and organizes the latest industry data so you get all the market research you need - instantly, in one place.

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Technology Developments in Viral Vector Manufacturing for Cell and Gene Therapies - Yahoo Finance

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RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK The nearly 30 million Americans who suffer from rare diseases have received some good news.

The National Institutes of Health, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and a cadre of pharmaceutical companies and non-profit organizations have teamed up to speed the development of new gene therapy treatments. Its good news for North Carolina as well, which is home to close to 50 gene therapy and rare disease-focused businesses that provide jobs for several thousand Tar Heel residents.

Whats called theBespoke Gene Therapy Consortium or BGTC was launched a little less than two months ago. Its part of the NIHs Accelerating Medicines Partnership (AMP), a public/private collaboration to speed drug development across different diseases. Ten global pharmaceutical companies and half as many non-profit patient organizations, as well as 11 NIH institutes, centers and initiatives have signed on.

The project is managed by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, whose mission is to promote biomedical discoveries that improve peoples lives.

Currently there are about 7,000 rare diseases in this country, 5,000 of which are due to genetic factors, according to BGTC. A single damaged gene causes nearly 80% of rare genetic illnesses, leaving millions of patients in the U.S. to suffer without much hope of improvement. Currently, only two of these diseases have FDA-approved gene therapy treatments.

BGTC said most rare inherited diseases stem from a specific gene mutation that is already known, which makes gene therapy a promising solution.

A customized or bespoke therapy could correct or replace defective genes with functional ones, according to NIH Director Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D. There are now significant opportunities to improve the complex development process for gene therapies that would accelerate scientific progress and, most importantly, provide benefit to patients by increasing the number of effective gene therapies, he said.

But development is costly, complex and time consuming. And rare disorders by definition affect only a small number of patients. So most pharma companies arent willing to invest years of research and millions of dollars to bring a single-disease gene therapy to market, said Joni L. Rutter, Ph.D., acting director of NIHs National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences.

BGTC hopes to change that paradigm. The consortium wants to start with a common gene delivery vector known as the adeno-associated virus (AAV). Its considered one of the most effective gene delivery platforms for many human diseases.

The partnership said it will support a series of research projects and clinical trials to create new tools for AAV clinical development and regulatory evaluation. The BGTC aims to make it easier, faster and less expensive to pursue bespoke therapies in order to incentivize more companies to invest in this space and bring treatments to patients, Rutter pointed out.

The goal, over time, is to find ways to cut up-front gene therapy development costs, standardize the technology, and make it available for a broader range of diseases. The BCTC program will create a universal set of analytical tests to speed up gene and vector manufacturing. And the consortium will look for ways to streamline the regulatory framework.

By leveraging on experience with a platform technology and by standardizing processes, gene therapy product development can be accelerated to allow more timely access to promising new therapies for patients who need them the most, said Peter Marks, M.D., PhD., director of the FDAs Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research.

The consortium members will contribute about $76 million over the next five years to back its projects. BGTC said it will fund research for between four and six clinical trials each focused on a different rare, single-gene disease for which no gene therapies or commercial programs currently exist. Three disease areas are targeted: Lupus, Alzheimers and Type 2 diabetes.

People with terrible genetic disorders are in dire need of solutions, Collins said. The BGTC promises to transform the field of gene therapy so we can treat, or even cure rare diseases for which no current therapy exists.

North Carolina, with its substantial biotechnology and academic resources, has become a prominent incubator for leading-edge biotechnology startups. Gene therapy is a fast-developing area within our states biotech infrastructure, said Sara Imhof, Ph.D., senior director of precision health for the North Carolina Biotechnology Center. Our related ecosystem is well positioned to contribute to and benefit from the Bespoke Gene Therapy Consortium. Its an exciting time, both for the patients who desperately need the benefits gene therapy can provide and for our innovators and industry leaders who are dedicated to this important area of science.

Original post:
Rare disease consortium is good news for NC gene therapy companies - WRAL TechWire

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Wilmot Cancer Institute researchers are a step closer to understanding the complex gene interactions that cause a cell to become malignant. In a new Cell Reports study published today, the group used network modeling to hone in on a set of such interactions that are critical to malignancy, and likely to be fertile ground for broad cancer therapies.

Discrete genetic mutations that can be targeted by drugs have only been identified for a small fraction of cancer types. But those mutations rely on a downstream network of non-mutated genes in order to cause cancer. Those downstream genes and their intricate interactions may be common across many cancers and could offer a giant leap forward in cancer therapy.

One of the lead authors of the study, Hartmut Hucky Land, Ph.D., who is the deputy director of the Wilmot Cancer Institute and the Robert and Dorothy Markin Professor of Biomedical Genetics at the University of Rochester Medical Center and has worked to identify common core features of cancers for over 10 years. His goal is to find cancers shared vulnerabilities and exploit them.

Targeting non-mutated proteins that are essential to making cells cancerous is a broader approach that could be used in multiple cancers, said Land, but its hard to find these non-mutated, essential genes.

That is why Land turned to Matthew McCall, Ph.D., MHS, a Wilmot Cancer Institute investigator who is an associate professor of Biostatistics and Computational Biology at URMC, for collaboration. McCall, who is the other lead author of the study, developed a new network modeling method, called TopNet, that the group paired with genetic experiments in cells and mice to pinpoint functionally relevant gene networks.

Lands group previously identified a very diverse set of non-mutated genes that are crucial to cancer. In this study, the group wanted to see how those genes interact starting with a subset of 20 genes. Increasing or decreasing the expression of one gene in cultured cells would have numerous effects on the expression levels of the other genes in the set.

There were so many interactions, you could waste a lot of time, energy and money testing interactions that might not be useful, McCall said. To hone in on the interactions that are more likely to be useful, we used network modeling, and compared our model networks back to the lab findings, McCall said.For context, the number of possible gene network models considered by TopNet was many times greater than the estimated number of atoms in the universe. After weeding out models that didnt closely fit the observed data and further focusing in on gene interactions that appeared in at least 80 percent of the models, the team was left with a manageable set of 24 high-confidence gene interactions. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that these interactions often play an important role in malignancy.

Dr. McCalls elegant and mind-boggling methodology is essentially helping us disentangle a hairball of genetic networks, said Land. These networks are usually very messy and its nearly impossible to extract useful information from them. But Dr. McCall has found a way to cut through this Gordian knot.

The group has already tested a sampling of the genetic interactions revealed by TopNet, and confirmed via experiments in cells and mice that the interactions are functionally linked. Next, the group intends to test the limits of TopNet, with the intent to use this method to find potential cancer therapies that are broadly effective.

This work was completed as part of a $6.3M National Cancer Institute Outstanding Investigator Award granted to Land in 2015 and a K99/R00 grant from the National Human Genome Research Institute to McCall. Helene McMurray, Ph.D., assistant professor of Biomedical Genetics and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at URMC was the first author of the study.

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Honing in on Shared Network of Cancer Genes - URMC

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DUBLIN, Dec. 21, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- The "Global Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products CDMO Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report by Product (Gene Therapy, Cell Therapy, Tissue Engineered), Phase, Indication, Region, and Segment Forecasts, 2021-2028" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The global advanced therapy medicinal products CDMO market size is expected to reach USD 12.9 billion by 2028, according to the report. It is expected to expand at a CAGR of 12.0% from 2021 to 2028.

The advanced therapy medicinal products are a group of biological products for human use that involve gene therapy products, cell therapy products, and tissue-engineered products. The growth of the market is credited to the increasing clinical trials of ATMP and the rising awareness and belief among researchers regarding the benefits of advanced therapy. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted the cell and gene therapy industry due to the complexity in the manufacturing process.

The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the overall medical industry, but the pandemic boosted the operations and development of advanced therapy due to the high requirement of the products such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for the treatment of the virus. The regulations put forward by the FDA and government authorities have created a safe environment for the healthcare workers and allowed emergency approval for the supply of essential raw materials and faster development of the vaccines and other therapy products.

Technological advancement has been a major part of tissue engineering in the last few years. This method helps to replace or restore the injured tissues and organ function. Similarly, gene and cell therapy is attracting many patients for the treatment of rare diseases, the cases of which are augmenting globally.

Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product CDMO Market Report Highlights

Key Topics Covered:

Chapter 1 Methodology and Scope

Chapter 2 Executive Summary

Chapter 3 Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products CDMO Market: Variables, Trends, & Scope3.1 Market Segmentation and Scope3.2 Market Dynamics3.2.1 Market Driver Analysis3.2.1.1 Rising number of clinical trials for ATMP3.2.1.2 Increasing outsourcing activities3.2.1.3 Growing awareness of the treatment3.2.2 Market Restraint Analysis3.2.2.1 Stringent regulatory approvals3.2.2.2 High cost of outsourcing3.3 Penetration & Growth Prospect Mapping3.4 Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products CDMO: Market Analysis Tools3.4.1 Industry Analysis - Porter's3.4.1.1 Porter's Five Forces Analysis3.4.2 PESTEL Analysis

Chapter 4 Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products CDMO Market: Product Estimates4.1 Market Share Analysis, 2020 & 20284.2 Gene Therapy4.2.1 Gene therapy market, 2016 - 2028 (USD Billion)4.3 Cell Therapy4.3.1 Cell therapy market, 2016 - 2028 (USD Billion)4.4 Tissue Engineered4.4.1 Tissue engineered market, 2016 - 2028 (USD Billion)4.5 Others4.5.1 Market, 2016 - 2028 (USD Billion)

Chapter 5 Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products CDMO Market: Phase Estimates5.1 Market Share Analysis, 2020 & 20285.2 Phase I5.2.1 Phase I market, 2016 - 2028 (USD Billion)5.3 Phase II5.3.1 Phase II market, 2016 - 2028 (USD Billion)5.4 Phase III5.4.1 Phase III market, 2016 - 2028 (USD Billion)5.5 Phase IV5.5.1 Phase IV market, 2016 - 2028 (USD Billion)

Chapter 6 Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products CDMO Market: Indication Estimates6.1 Market Share Analysis, 2020 & 20286.2 Oncology6.2.1 Oncology market, 2016 - 2028 (USD Billion)6.3 Cardiology6.3.1 Cardiology market, 2016 - 2028 (USD Billion)6.4 Central Nervous System6.4.1 Central nervous system market, 2016 - 2028 (USD Billion)6.5 Musculoskeletal6.5.1 Musculoskeletal market, 2016 - 2028 (USD Billion)6.6 Infectious Disease6.6.1 Infectious disease market, 2016 - 2028 (USD Billion)6.7 Dermatology6.7.1 Dermatology market, 2016 - 2028 (USD Billion)6.8 Endocrine, Metabolic, Genetic6.8.1 Endocrine, metabolic, genetic market, 2016 - 2028 (USD Billion)6.9 Immunology & inflammation6.9.1 Immunology & inflammation market, 2016 - 2028 (USD Billion)6.10 Ophthalmology6.10.1 Ophthalmology market, 2016 - 2028 (USD Billion)6.11 Haematology6.11.1 Haematology market, 2016 - 2028 (USD Billion)6.12 Gastroenterology6.12.1 Gastroenterology market, 2016 - 2028 (USD Billion)6.13 Others6.13.1 Others market, 2016 - 2028 (USD Billion)

Chapter 7 Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products CDMO Market: Regional Analysis

Chapter 8 Company Profiles8.1 Strategic Framework8.2 Company Profiles8.2.1 Celonic8.2.1.1 Company Overview8.2.1.2 Financial performance8.2.1.3 Product Benchmarking8.2.1.5 Strategic Initiatives8.2.2 Bio Elpida8.2.2.1 Company Overview8.2.2.2 Financial performance8.2.2.3 Product Benchmarking8.2.2.6 Strategic Initiatives8.2.3 CGT Catapult8.2.3.1 Company Overview8.2.3.2 Financial performance8.2.3.3 Product Benchmarking8.2.3.6 Strategic Initiatives8.2.4 Rentschler Biopharma SE8.2.4.1 Company Overview8.2.4.2 Financial performance8.2.4.3 Product Benchmarking8.2.4.6 Strategic Initiatives8.2.5 AGC Biologics8.2.5.1 Company Overview8.2.5.2 Financial performance8.2.5.3 Product Benchmarking8.2.5.6 Strategic Initiatives8.2.6 Catalent8.2.6.1 Company Overview8.2.6.2 Financial performance8.2.6.3 Product Benchmarking8.2.6.6 Strategic Initiatives8.2.7 Lonza8.2.7.1 Company Overview8.2.7.2 Financial Performance8.2.7.3 Product Benchmarking8.2.7.5 Strategic Initiatives8.2.8 WuXi Advanced Therapies8.2.8.1 Company Overview8.2.8.2 Financial performance8.2.8.3 Product Benchmarking8.2.8.5 Strategic Initiatives8.2.9 BlueReg8.2.9.1 Company Overview8.2.9.2 Financial performance8.2.9.3 Product Benchmarking8.2.9.6 Strategic Initiatives8.2.10 Minaris Regenerative Medicine8.2.10.1 Company Overview8.2.10.2 Financial performance8.2.10.3 Product Benchmarking8.2.10.5 Strategic Initiatives8.2.11 Patheon8.2.11.1 Company Overview8.2.11.2 Financial performance8.2.11.3 Product Benchmarking8.2.11.5 Strategic Initiatives

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Outlook on the Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products CDMO Global Market to 2028 - Rising Number of Clinical Trials for ATMP is Driving Growth -...

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SAN RAFAEL, Calif. and SHANGHAI, Dec. 16, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. (NASDAQ: BMRN) and Skyline Therapeutics (formerly Geneception), a gene and cell therapy company focused on developing novel treatments for unmet medical needs, today announced a multi-year global strategic collaboration for the discovery, development and commercialization of Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) gene therapies to treat genetic cardiovascular diseases.

The partnership will leverage Skyline Therapeutics' integrated AAV gene therapy platform based on its proprietary vector engineering and design technology and manufacturing capability to develop innovative gene therapies with a focus on genetic dilated cardiomyopathies (DCM), a group of progressively advancing, devastating diseases with no targeted treatment options.

Under the agreement, BioMarin and Skyline Therapeutics will collaborate on discovery and research through to an Investigational New Drug Application (IND). BioMarin brings experience in gene therapy development, cardiovascular biology and insights into genetic basis of diseases, and Skyline contributes its expertise in developing gene therapy products including vector engineering and design technology and manufacturing capabilities to this collaboration. Each company will advance the programs through clinical development in their pre-defined territories.

In support of its R&D efforts for the collaborative projects, Skyline Therapeutics will receive an undisclosed payment associated with signing, comprising an upfront payment and an equity investment from BioMarin, and is eligible to receive pre-specified payments for R&D, regulatory and commercial milestones.

BioMarin will have the rights to commercialize therapeutic products resulting from the collaboration in its territories, including the United States, Europe, and Latin America, and Skyline Therapeutics will be responsible for commercialization in the Asia-Pacific region. In addition, Skyline Therapeutics will be eligible to receive royalty payments on future sales from BioMarin in its territories.

"We are thrilled to announce what we anticipate will be a fruitful collaboration at the interface between Skyline's innovative approach to AAV vector engineering and design and our team's proven expertise in creating and developing gene therapies," said Kevin Eggan, Group Vice President, Head of Research and Early Development, from BioMarin.

"We are excited to partner with Skyline Therapeutics to tackle these genetic forms of dilated cardiomyopathy. This collaboration strengthens our leadership in cardiac gene therapy and extends our R&D collaboration to Asia, where a large number of patients suffer from these devastating diseases," said Brinda Balakrishnan, Group Vice President, Corporate and Business Development at BioMarin. "We look forward to fostering this collaboration and bringing transformative medicines to patients worldwide."

"Dilated cardiomyopathy is a serious cardiac disorder in which structural or functional abnormalities of the heart muscle can lead to complications such as arrhythmia and heart failure, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. Mutations in many genes are associated with the development of DCM, among other etiologies for the disease," said Jay Hou, Chief Scientific Officer at Skyline Therapeutics. "Together with BioMarin's team we have identified a number of critical genes associated with DCM. We are delighted to work closely with BioMarin and apply our AAV vector technology to interrogate these new targets and develop novel treatments for DCM patients."

"The collaboration with BioMarin leverages both companies' capabilities in the development of gene therapies. With the BioMarin team, we share the goal of working in concert to develop therapies for genetic cardiovascular disease that address high unmet medical needs," said Amber Cai, CEO of Skyline Therapeutics. "Together, we will utilize gene therapy to tackle cardiovascular diseases with a disease modifying trailblazing approach that could change the treatment paradigm in these conditions."

About Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)

DCM is a common cause of heart failure and end-stage DCM, which often leads to heart transplantation. Despite improvements in pharmacotherapy and care, the five-year survival rate of DCM is only about 50%. Hundreds of thousands of patients suffer from the genetic forms of DCM in U.S., EU, China, and Japan. More than 50 genes associated with DCM have been identified, accounting for 40-50% of familial DCM cases. Many of these genes encode proteins with important known functions in cardiomyocytes related to cytoskeletal, sarcomere and nuclear envelope biology. Our aim is to correct the pathways altered by these genetic contributors to DCM through AAV based gene therapy, in each case addressing the root cause of the disease.

About BioMarin

BioMarin is a global biotechnology company that develops and commercializes innovative therapies for patients with serious and life-threatening rare genetic diseases. The company's portfolio consists of seven commercialized products and multiple clinical and pre-clinical product candidates. For additional information, please visit http://www.biomarin.com.Information on such website is not incorporated by reference into this press release.

About Skyline Therapeutics

Skyline Therapeutics is a fully integrated gene and cell therapy company dedicated to the discovery, development and delivery of innovative therapies. Established in 2019, Skyline Therapeutics has built a proprietary AAV-based gene therapy platform that integrates novel capsid engineering and vector design, analytical and process development, and state-of-the-art GMP manufacturing capabilities that support large scale clinical-grade vector production. The Skyline team of world-class experts and leaders in science, technology and business brings industry-leading know-how and is advancing a pipeline of diversified programs that address multiple diseases including ocular, neurological, metabolic and blood disorders. Skyline Therapeutics is also broadening its therapeutic expertise to cover more disease areas with high unmet need such as cardiovascular disorders through strategic partnerships. Headquartered in China, Skyline Therapeutics currently has research, development and manufacturing capabilities in Shanghai and Hangzhou. http://www.skytx.com

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements about the business prospects of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., including, without limitation, statements about: expectations related to themulti-year global strategic collaboration with Skyline for the discovery, development and commercialization of AAV gene therapies for dilated cardiomyopathy and pre-specified payments to Skyline for R&D, regulatory and commercial milestones, and the rights to commercialize therapeutic products resulting from the collaboration in its territories, including the United States, Europe, and Latin America. These forward-looking statements are predictions and involve risks and uncertainties such that actual results may differ materially from these statements. Additional important factors to be considered in connection with forward-looking statements are detailed from time to time under the caption "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in BioMarin's Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings, including BioMarin's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, and future filings and reports by BioMarin. BioMarin undertakes no duty or obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this press release as a result of new information, future events or changes in its expectations.

BioMarin is a registered trademark of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.

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BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.

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BioMarin and Skyline Therapeutics Announce Strategic Collaboration to Develop Novel Gene Therapies for Cardiovascular Diseases - PRNewswire

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Paris (AFP) Camille Abbey was two months away from giving birth to twins when she sensed something wasn't right.

"I felt strange all week. I had swelled enormously. I had a lot of trouble moving," said the 33-year-old French journalist.

Abbey's midwife found her blood pressure spiking and sent her to hospital where doctors confirmed she had preeclampsia, a potentially life-threatening complication.

The risks of preeclampsia have been known about for centuries, but there is still no cure or prevention and a lack of awareness remains a problem.

"Although one in every 12 pregnancies are affected by preeclampsia, many pregnant women have never heard of the disease," Patricia Maguire, director of the Institute for Discovery at University College Dublin, told AFP.

Doctors made a breakthrough 10 years ago that allowed them to develop the first diagnostic test, and Maguire is working on a second one, with trials under way in Ireland.

Early diagnosis is lifesaving because the condition sets in without symptoms.

Once they appear, the only way to stop complications like liver and kidney failure, or death, is to deliver the baby -- even if it is premature.

A 2021 study showed that hypertensive disorders of pregnancy have increased in the last nearly 30 years, though better screening and population growth may account for the rise.

The study in the BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth journal also said that most deaths occur in low-income settings where doctors say the toll is likely higher than reported.

An estimated 76,000 women and 500,000 babies die every year due to hypertensive pregnancy conditions like preeclampsia and eclampsia, a rare complication, according to a 2015 study in the Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.

Sarah Kilpatrick, an obstetrician-gynecologist specialising in preeclampsia at Cedars-Sinai hospital in Los Angeles, says educating women is crucial.

"The hard part for women is many times they feel fine," Kilpatrick told AFP, "so you can't even believe you have something like preeclampsia."

- Like 'lightning' -

Emmanuelle Honore survived eclampsia -- named after the Greek word for lightning -- which can develop if preeclampsia goes undetected and lead to potentially fatal seizures.

Her decision to walk herself to hospital after monitoring her own blood pressure saved her life.

"They didn't wait for the blood test results to come back to decide to do an emergency cesarean," said the Paris-based archaeologist, 37.

Immediately after giving birth, she began to convulse.

"It was a question of minutes. The baby and I were incredibly lucky," she told AFP. "During the seizure I felt myself leaving my own body."

Today, her son is healthy and turns three in February.

But the eclampsia has left Honore psychologically scarred and unable to give birth again.

"For me, there is a before and an after -- it's two different lives."

The world's first diagnostic test, developed by kidney specialists Ananth Karumanchi and Ravi Thadhani by linking the levels of two proteins to the disorder's onset, has been available in Europe for a decade.

It is in clinical trials in the United States, where preeclampsia disproportionately affects Black women due to a higher prevalence of risk factors like diabetes, obesity and stress, the American Heart Association says.

"(The trials) include the diversity of women in the United States and by the end of this year we will be able to determine whether the diagnostics have just as much benefit and specificity as in Europe," Thadhani told AFP.

The test developed by Maguire not only detects preeclampsia with a blood sample, it uses artificial intelligence to provide a timeframe for safe delivery, allowing as much time as possible for the foetus to develop.

An article published in May said the test had the potential to be streamlined so that kits could be sent to hospitals with easy-to-collect samples analysed using online information.

"The big dream is to reach every person who needs this test across the world," Maguire said.

Even after labour, preeclampsia sufferers are not necessarily out of danger.

Kilpatrick said about one in 10 women whose preeclampsia was their first time with high blood pressure need to stay on anti-hypertensive medication after giving birth.

When her twins were born in October 2020, Abbey thought her ordeal was over but her blood pressure failed to go back to normal.

She was later diagnosed with the dangerous preeclampsia-related condition HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelets) syndrome, which affects some 15 percent of women with severe preeclampsia.

While her premature babies received state-of-the-art care, Abbey said she stayed in a post-op recovery room for days where doctors could do little more than monitor her vital signs and try to control her blood pressure.

Vassilis Tsatsaris, an obstetrician-gynecologist at Paris' Port Royal hospital, said research on finding treatments for preeclampsia and other complications has been impeded by the risks for the unborn baby.

"We live in an era where therapeutic innovations for cancer, vaccines or gene therapy are advancing very, very quickly," he told AFP.

"Unfortunately when it comes to pregnancy, things move much more slowly."

2021 AFP

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It has been more than a year since Markus Mapara, MD, a professor of medicine and director of blood and marrow transplantation at Columbia University Irving Medical Center in New York, first used an experimental CRISPR gene-editing treatment in a patient with sickle cell disease, an inherited blood disorder that can cause severe pain, organ damage, and premature death.

Although the clinical trial is still in early stages and has only been tested in a few patients, so far, the results are promising.

[The patient is] doing phenomenally well, says Mapara, who is a hematologist, oncologist, and blood transplant physician. He has not had a single crisis.

Sickle cell disease, which currently affects about 100,000 people living in the United States and millions worldwide, is the result of a genetic mutation that produces an abnormal type of hemoglobin, the protein that red blood cells use to deliver oxygen throughout the body. The abnormal cells take on a sickle, or curved, shape, which can clot within narrow blood vessels.

This is a huge health problem for these patients, Mapara says. It has a huge impact on their quality of life and well-being.

At the moment, a bone marrow transplant from a healthy donor is the only curative option, but this approach can have severe complications.

Youre running into risks of introducing foreign cells into a recipient, Mapara says. [The body] may reject them, or the donor cells might attack the recipient.

But with the development of CRISPR (which stands for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats), new opportunities for treatment using the patients own cells have opened up.

[CRISPR is] a tool that scientists and clinicians around the world are using to understand our genetics, the genetics of all living things, and most importantly to intervene in genetic disease.

Jennifer Doudna, PhD, University of California, Berkeley

CRISPR, as it is known today, was developed by two scientists, Jennifer Doudna, PhD, who runs a lab at the University of California, Berkeley, and Emmanuelle Charpentier, PhD, scientific and managing director of the Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens in Berlin, Germany, who were awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in chemistry for their work on this technology.

The scientists worked together to uncover precisely how bacteria have evolved to fight off viruses and to apply that same process to engineer human cells. In particular, Doudna and Charpentier found that an enzyme known as Cas9 can be guided by a programmable RNA to locate specific genetic sequences in any organism. The enzyme then works like a pair of scissors, cutting the DNAs double helix and allowing for sequences to be deleted, added, or replaced.

Its a tool that scientists and clinicians around the world are using to understand our genetics, the genetics of all living things, and most importantly to intervene in genetic disease, Doudna said during a speech at Learn Serve Lead 2021: The Virtual Experience, the AAMCs annual meeting, in November.

The technology has been celebrated throughout the scientific community as a significant advancement that is changing the way research is done across fields. CRISPR has been used to experiment with gene-edited mosquitos to reduce the spread of malaria, for engineering agriculture to withstand climate change, and in human clinical trials to treat a range of diseases, from cancer to transthyretin amyloidosis, a rare protein disorder that devastates nerves and organs.

Still, the technology comes with significant ethical implications, including ensuring it does not have unintended negative consequences, that it is used equitably, and that a consensus is reached on where to draw the line in the technologys use.

AAMCNews spoke with researchers, physicians, ethicists, and educators on the cutting edge of CRISPR technology about its enormous potential for both good and harm to the future of humanity.

The clinical trial that Mapara enrolled his patient in last year was one of the first to attempt to use CRISPR to treat a genetic disorder in humans.

Though researchers and physicians are pursuing several gene therapy treatments for sickle cell disease and beta thalassemia, a similar blood disorder, this approach targets the gene that stops the production of fetal hemoglobin. Experts have found that people produce fetal hemoglobin up until about three months after birth, at which time their cells begin to produce adult hemoglobin, Mapara explains. It is the adult hemoglobin in people with sickle cell disease and beta thalassemia that takes the irregular shape and causes health problems.

For a physician-scientist it is a dream come true when you can be part of and witness the development of a revolutionary new treatment modality.

Markus Mapara, MD, Columbia University Irving Medical Center

You get rid of the repressor and have enhanced production again of fetal hemoglobin, he says, explaining that the patients who are now producing higher numbers of fetal hemoglobin rather than the mutated adult hemoglobin are experiencing fewer crises.

National Public Radio has been documenting the journey of the first person to join the clinical trial, Victoria Gray, since her first treatment in 2019.

This is really a life changer for me, Gray told NPR last December.

Mapara says that the initial results of the clinical trial were published in December 2020 and that follow-up results continue to be very promising.

This is really a potential game-changer for those patients, he says. For a physician-scientist it is a dream come true when you can be part of and witness the development of a revolutionary new treatment modality.

CRISPR is also being used in a clinical trial aimed at treating Lebers Congenital Amaurosis, a genetically determined progressive form of congenital visual loss and blindness.

While there are more than 300 genes that are linked to vision defects, this trial focuses on one gene mutation that causes a particularly severe form of degeneration.

Its what we call a problem with splicing of mRNA, says Mark Pennesi, MD, PhD, who leads Oregon Health & Science Universitys involvement in the trial and is the Kenneth C. Swan professor of ophthalmology in the OHSU School of Medicine and chief of the OHSU Casey Eye Institutes Paul H. Casey Ophthalmic Genetics Division. The mutation creates a little stop sign in the sequence so the whole protein doesnt get produced [for the treatment, guide] RNAs will target sequences on either side of the stop sign, the Cas [CRISPR-associated] protein will cut them out, and the DNA will repair itself. Hopefully, the cells will start to make the protein.

Its groundbreaking. The eye is one of the most accessible parts of the brain and vision is such an important thing for people. This really does open the door for many other therapies.

Mark Pennesi, MD, PhD, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine

Last year, clinicians at OHSUs Casey Eye Institute performed the CRISPR procedure on a patient, marking the first time CRISPR has been used in a human in vivo, or within the body, as opposed to removing the genetic material for editing.

Its groundbreaking, Pennesi says. The eye is one of the most accessible parts of the brain and vision is such an important thing for people. This really does open the door for many other therapies We are hoping we could use CRISPR in neurological or muscular diseases.

Initial results from the clinical trial involving six patients show that the procedure is safe and that it could improve vision.

One patient treated at our site has gone public, he says. Shes experienced an improvement in visual acuity, she can see objects, and she feels she is actually seeing color.

Pennesi says they will continue to increase the doses of the treatment in order to monitor if results improve and adds that they hope to eventually make this treatment available to children, who are more likely to experience reduced effects of degeneration.

Its really a wonderful time to be in this field because its changing from a field where we had no options to now one where we do, he says.

CRISPR is also causing a buzz in the field of cancer treatment.

At the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, physicians and researchers have used CRISPR to genetically engineer immune cells to better fight tumors.

Edward Stadtmauer, MD, section chief of hematological malignancies at Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and principal investigator of the clinical trial, started working on this project around 2016, when CRISPR technology was very new.

Stadtmauer had long been working with CAR T-cell therapy, which edits the immune T-cells by adding a warhead to the outside that targets cancer cells. While this method has been extremely effective with many blood cancers, Stadtmauer hypothesized that CRISPR could take the treatment to the next level.

Using the technology, Stadtmauer and his team were able to take the patients T-cells, remove three genes and add one gene that, together, lengthened the life of the immune cell and made them more potent at targeting cancer. It was the first investigational use of multiple edits with CRISPR to alter the human genome.

Remarkably, and probably to me the most important finding of the study was that these triple gene-edited cells with the additional insertion of another gene actually had tremendous proliferation and expansion ability and continue to survive for nine months to a year later without any sign that they were going down in their number, Stadtmauer says. He adds that patients who received the edited cells did not experience any serious unintended consequences or severe side effects. Those things were reassuring and why we consider it to be safe.

While these results are promising, there is still much research to be done to maximize the technologys potential in cancer treatment. Blood samples from the three patients involved in the trial showed that the edited cells thrived, but none of the patients responded to the therapy.

One of the limitations of using your own cells is that the cells may not be as functional in a patient as cells from a healthy, younger person because of age or exposure to chemotherapy, Stadtmauer says. And the other problem is that it can take a month or so from the day that the patient gets the cells harvested to actually infusing the cells, and that requires patients who are sick with their disease to have some sort of bridging therapy to keep them well until the product is created. So, the most exciting current approach is to use allogenic or donor immune cells as a source for an off-the-shelf product that can be infused in a timely manner and directed at whatever antigens you want and there's a tremendous amount of research going on right now in this promising area.

One of the most remarkable things about CRISPR technology is how rapidly it has developed. But as exciting as this is for the advancement of science and medicine, experts in fields ranging from research to bioethics, including Doudna, have cautioned that the advancement should not outpace the tackling of ethical complications that arise.

Among these is determining who will have access to advanced gene therapies.

We have to really grapple with equity and accessibility, Doudna said at the AAMC annual meeting. We have to be cognizant of how to be sure that everyone who can benefit from this technology has access to it.

This is an issue that Eric Kmiec, PhD, had on the top of his mind in 2015, when he became the founding director of the Gene Editing Institute at ChristianaCare in Newark, Delaware, the only institute of its kind that is based in a community health system.

All due respect to major medical centers they do amazing work but somehow the community cancer center always felt to me to be on the ground in cancer, Kmiec says. We ought to think about how those technologies are going to affect all people.

The Gene Editing Institute has what Kmiec calls a bench to bedside paradigm. He and his researchers have offices in the same building where the oncologists are seeing patients. They attend grand rounds and have an open-door policy with the physicians. A surgical oncologist regularly attends lab meetings where research is discussed.

Interacting with the clinicians almost daily taught me a lot about how challenging this damn thing [treating cancer] is, Kmiec says. A lot of really bright people have worked on cancer therapy for years we have to sculpt our approach on what the clinicians are telling us usually [researchers] come in and tell clinicians how to use tech. We did the opposite.

The institutes commitment to equity goes beyond the development of therapies that reach underserved populations; it also extends to diversifying the recruitment base for the next generation of CRISPR scientists. In a partnership with Delaware Technical Community College, it created CRISPR in a Box, an educational kit that gives high school and community college students the tools to study and use CRISPR in the classroom. The resource has been accompanied by a concerted outreach effort that includes instructional videos and opportunities for students to interact with scientists through Zoom to help explain the technology.

Kmiec is hopeful that lighting the spark of interest in CRISPR and showing young people, particularly people of color and those who come from under-resourced communities, that using this technology does not require an advanced degree will inspire a more diverse labor force in the future.

We want to engage communities of color not just to learn about something we already know about, but to engage directly in [its development], Kmiec says. [That way] the minority groups will be standing with us at the finish line.

Austin Keeler, PhD, a postdoctoral student at the University of Virginia, uses CRISPR in the lab to alter the genetic makeup of mouse embryos to create transgenic animals for research. Though he finds CRISPRs potential exciting, he thinks a lot about its ethical implications on issues that currently resemble science fiction more than reality. These thoughts inspired the subject of a course he teaches to undergraduate students entitled Homo CRISPR Future Humans?

Keeler provides his students with resources to explain how gene editing works and then opens up classroom time to discussions about a variety of its current and potential uses: from gene-editing mosquitoes to control the spread of malaria to the use of CRISPR for cosmetic changes in humans.

I wanted to hammer home how fast weve moved into this technology and how much potential it has to drastically change our lives, Keeler says. It is going to have profound ramifications in their adulthood and in the lives of their children. Im not sure how much of what is happening has made its way to outside of academia.

These ethical issues have made headlines in recent years. In 2018, a Chinese biophysicist, He Jiankui, announced to the world that he had created the first genetically altered babies. He had used CRISPR to edit the germline of three embryos to make them less susceptible to HIV.

The announcement was met with outrage from scientists and ethicists alike and He was ultimately sentenced by the Chinese government to three years in prison for illegal medical practice. It was a reminder that the technology, which is so efficient and easy to use, has the potential to be abused without clear regulations and oversight.

Like any new technology, CRISPR comes with risks, Doudna said at the AAMCs annual meeting. It was clear early on that there were going to be some real ethical challenges.

In an effort to facilitate public discourse on these challenges, Doudna will be participating in the Third International Summit on Human Genome Editing in March 2022, where stakeholders from across the world will discuss the current state of the science as well as ethical and cultural considerations, the development of regulations, and the role of the public in directing the research agenda, among other issues.

Christopher Scott, PhD, a bioethicist and the Dalton Tomlin professor of medical ethics and health policy at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, is currently working on a National Institutes of Health-funded project that will be the first comprehensive empirical study into how society might go about regulating the ethical use of genome editing moving forward.

Like any new technology, CRISPR comes with risks It was clear early on that there were going to be some real ethical challenges.

Jennifer Doudna, PhD, University of California, Berkeley

Scotts team has met with dozens of people, including lawyers, disability rights advocates, ethicists, and futurists, but has also focused on engaging members of the public who are not regularly involved in discussions about scientific technology.

We get their feedback about their opinions and values, Scott says of the members of the public. The results have been super eye-opening.

As part of the study, groups of laypeople were presented with different future scenarios involving gene editing and were asked about their comfort level with them. Scott has found that, in general, there is a major distinction between somatic cell editing, which is the altering of often disease-causing genes that are not involved in reproduction, and germline editing, which changes heritable traits.

With germline editing, the answer was, generally, We shouldnt do that yet, Scott says. One question [posed] was, If it were as safe as we could make it, [should it be done?] There were not a lot of unanimous, absolutely, yes we should do that [answers].

Keeler observed similar reservations among the students in his class. Many of the students were disturbed at the idea that a humans genetic traits could be changed without their consent. Some worried that, if someday it is possible to enhance certain traits that are perceived as beneficial, it might further increase inequities between the super elites and people not afforded such enhancements.

You have all the normal ethical issues that arise in the context of using technologies that can be used in ways one might find problematic, says Inmaculada de Melo-Martin, PhD, a professor of medical ethics in medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine Medical College in New York. [For example,] selecting for particular traits, or against particular traits, [and] what this means for the things we value.

Although some of these technologies are not yet possible, Scott says that its important to create clear governance structures and ethical guidelines now before the next generation of gene editing technologies develop.

There is a way to deliberate this with foresight rather than with hindsight, Scott says.

So far, there is little international consensus on what is acceptable when it comes to experimental gene editing in humans. In the meantime, responsibility rests on researchers and the institutions that support them to examine the ethics of their own work.

This technology is so powerful. It can provide so many benefits its easy to just put aside the possible concerns and say we will solve those problems when they arise, de Melo-Martin says. My concern is that the possibilities, the promises of these interventions, are so significant that it can prevent us from realizing we need to be careful and pay attention to what the consequences might be.

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