Obamas State of the Union Address Personalized Medicine
DNA testing Personalized medicine MedXPrime Safe drugs.

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College Station Spinal Cord Injury

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Houston Spinal Cord Injury

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Tucson Spinal Cord Injury

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BioLogic Stem Cell Therapy Cream
http://trkur.com/7255/17599.

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World Over - 2015-02-26 - Vatican latest, ISIS, stem cell therapy, Ray Flynn with Raymond Arroyo
RAY FLYNN, former Mayor of Boston and former US Ambassador to the Vatican on the latest papal news from Rome and his efforts to work with the medical communi...

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Stem Cell-Enhanced Anterior Collateral Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction
Dr. McKenna discusses how using a patient #39;s own bone marrow stem cells augmented with AlphaGEMS amniotic tissue product can reduce recovery time from ACL sur...

By: Riordan-McKenna Institute

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Stem Cell-Enhanced Anterior Collateral Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction - Video

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Regenerative Medicine | Graziella Pellegrini
http://www.weforum.org/ Graziella Pellegrini, from the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy, showcases personalised, regenerative medicine that uses stem cell therapy to help restore sight.

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Abstract

Stem cells represent natural units of embryonic development and tissue regeneration. Embryonic stem (ES) cells, in particular, possess a nearly unlimited self-renewal capacity and developmental potential to differentiate into virtually any cell type of an organism. Mouse ES cells, which are established as permanent cell lines from early embryos, can be regarded as a versatile biological system that has led to major advances in cell and developmental biology. Human ES cell lines, which have recently been derived, may additionally serve as an unlimited source of cells for regenerative medicine. Before therapeutic applications can be realized, important problems must be resolved. Ethical issues surround the derivation of human ES cells from in vitro fertilized blastocysts. Current techniques for directed differentiation into somatic cell populations remain inefficient and yield heterogeneous cell populations. Transplanted ES cell progeny may not function normally in organs, might retain tumorigenic potential, and could be rejected immunologically. The number of human ES cell lines available for research may also be insufficient to adequately determine their therapeutic potential. Recent molecular and cellular advances with mouse ES cells, however, portend the successful use of these cells in therapeutics. This review therefore focuses both on mouse and human ES cells with respect to in vitro propagation and differentiation as well as their use in basic cell and developmental biology and toxicology and presents prospects for human ES cells in tissue regeneration and transplantation.

Several seminal discoveries during the past 25 years can be regarded not only as major breakthroughs for cell and developmental biology, but also as pivotal events that have substantially influenced our view of life: 1) the establishment of embryonic stem (ES) cell lines derived from mouse (108, 221) and human (362) embryos, 2) the creation of genetic mouse models of disease through homologous recombination in ES cells (360), 3) the reprogramming of somatic cells after nuclear transfer into enucleated eggs (392), and 4) the demonstration of germ-line development of ES cells in vitro (136, 164, 365). Because of these breakthroughs, cell therapies based on an unlimited, renewable source of cells have become an attractive concept of regenerative medicine.

Many of these advances are based on developmental studies of mouse embryogenesis. The first entity of life, the fertilized egg, has the ability to generate an entire organism. This capacity, defined as totipotency, is retained by early progeny of the zygote up to the eight-cell stage of the morula. Subsequently, cell differentiation results in the formation of a blastocyst composed of outer trophoblast cells and undifferentiated inner cells, commonly referred to as the inner cell mass (ICM). Cells of the ICM are no longer totipotent but retain the ability to develop into all cell types of the embryo proper (pluripotency; Fig. 1). The embryonic origin of mouse and human ES cells is the major reason that research in this field is a topic of great scientific interest and vigorous public debate, influenced by both ethical and legal positions.

Stem cell hierarchy. Zygote and early cell division stages (blastomeres) to the morula stage are defined as totipotent, because they can generate a complex organism. At the blastocyst stage, only the cells of the inner cell mass (ICM) retain the capacity to build up all three primary germ layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm as well as the primordial germ cells (PGC), the founder cells of male and female gametes. In adult tissues, multipotent stem and progenitor cells exist in tissues and organs to replace lost or injured cells. At present, it is not known to what extent adult stem cells may also develop (transdifferentiate) into cells of other lineages or what factors could enhance their differentiation capability (dashed lines). Embryonic stem (ES) cells, derived from the ICM, have the developmental capacity to differentiate in vitro into cells of all somatic cell lineages as well as into male and female germ cells.

ES cell research dates back to the early 1970s, when embryonic carcinoma (EC) cells, the stem cells of germ line tumors called teratocarcinomas (344), were established as cell lines (135, 173, 180; see Fig. 2). After transplantation to extrauterine sites of appropriate mouse strains, these funny little tumors produced benign teratomas or malignant teratocarcinomas (107, 345). Clonally isolated EC cells retained the capacity for differentiation and could produce derivatives of all three primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. More importantly, EC cells demonstrated an ability to participate in embryonic development, when introduced into the ICM of early embryos to generate chimeric mice (232). EC cells, however, showed chromosomal aberrations (261), lost their ability to differentiate (29), or differentiated in vitro only under specialized conditions (248) and with chemical inducers (224). Maintenance of the undifferentiated state relied on cultivation with feeder cells (222), and after transfer into early blastocysts, EC cells only sporadically colonized the germ line (232). These data suggested that the EC cells did not retain the pluripotent capacities of early embryonic cells and had undergone cellular changes during the transient tumorigenic state in vivo (for review, see Ref. 7).

Developmental origin of pluripotent embryonic stem cell lines of the mouse. The scheme demonstrates the derivation of embryonic stem cells (ESC), embryonic carcinoma cells (ECC), and embryonic germ cells (EGC) from different embryonic stages of the mouse. ECC are derived from malignant teratocarcinomas that originate from embryos (blastocysts or egg cylinder stages) transplanted to extrauterine sites. EGC are cultured from primordial germ cells (PGC) isolated from the genital ridges between embryonic day 9 to 12.5. Bar = 100 m. [From Boheler et al. (40).]

To avoid potential alterations connected with the growth of teratocarcinomas, a logical step was the direct in vitro culture of embryonic cells of the mouse. In 1981, two groups succeeded in cultivating pluripotent cell lines from mouse blastocysts. Evans and Kaufman employed a feeder layer of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (108), while Martin used EC cell-conditioned medium (221). These cell lines, termed ES cells, originate from the ICM or epiblast and could be maintained in vitro (Fig. 2) without any apparent loss of differentiation potential. The pluripotency of these cells was demonstrated in vivo by the introduction of ES cells into blastocysts. The resulting mouse chimeras demonstrated that ES cells could contribute to all cell lineages including the germ line (46). In vitro, mouse ES cells showed the capacity to reproduce the various somatic cell types (98, 108, 396) and, only recently, were found to develop into cells of the germ line (136, 164, 365). The establishment of human ES cell lines from in vitro fertilized embryos (362) (Fig. 3) and the demonstration of their developmental potential in vitro (322, 362) have evoked widespread discussions concerning future applications of human ES cells in regenerative medicine.

Human pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) and embryonic germ (EG) cells have been derived from in vitro cultured ICM cells of blastocysts (after in vitro fertilization) and from primordial germ cells (PGC) isolated from aborted fetuses, respectively.

Primordial germ (PG) cells, which form normally within the developing genital ridges, represent a third embryonic cell type with pluripotent capabilities. Isolation and cultivation of mouse PG cells on feeder cells led to the establishment of mouse embryonic germ (EG) cell lines (198, 291, 347; Fig. 2). In most respects, these cells are indistinguishable from blastocyst-derived ES cells and are characterized by high proliferative and differentiation capacities in vitro (310), and the presence of stem cell markers typical of other embryonic stem cell lines (see sect. ii). Once transferred into blastocysts, EG cells can contribute to somatic and germ cell lineages in chimeric animals (197, 223, 347); however, EG cells, unlike ES cells, retain the capacity to erase gene imprints. The in vitro culture of PG cells from 5- to 7-wk-old human fetuses led to the establishment of human EG cell lines (326) (Fig. 3). These cell lines showed multilineage development in vitro but have a limited proliferation capacity, and currently can only be propagated as embryoid body (EB) derivatives (325). Following transplantation into an animal model for neurorepair, human EG cell derivatives, however, show some regenerative capacity, suggesting that these cells could be useful therapeutically (190). Although pluripotent EG and EC cells represent important in vitro models for cell and developmental biology, this review focuses mainly on fundamental properties and potential applications of mouse and human ES cells for stem cell research.

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Newswise (MEMPHIS, Tenn. March 6, 2015) The St. Jude Childrens Research HospitalWashington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project reports that a highly aggressive form of leukemia in infants has surprisingly few mutations beyond the chromosomal rearrangement that affects the MLL gene. The findings suggest that targeting the alteration is likely the key to improved survival. The research appeared online ahead of print this week in the scientific journal Nature Genetics.

The study is the most comprehensive analysis yet of this rare but aggressive subtype of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that occurs during the first year of life and is sometimes diagnosed at birth. The leukemia cells of up to 80 percent of infants with ALL have a chromosomal rearrangement that fuses the MLL gene to a gene on a different chromosome. The resulting MLL fusion gene encodes an abnormal protein. The fusion protein plays a key role in transforming normal blood cells into leukemia cells.

Researchers used whole genome sequencing and other techniques to identify the genetic alterations in 65 infants with ALL, including 47 with the MLL rearrangement. Scientists were surprised to find that despite being an aggressive leukemia, the MLL rearranged subtype had among the lowest mutation rates reported for any cancer.

These results show that to improve survival for patients with this aggressive leukemia we need to develop drugs that target the abnormal proteins produced by the MLL fusion gene or that interact with the abnormal MLL fusion protein to shut down the cellular machinery that drives their tumors, said senior and co-corresponding author James R. Downing, M.D., St. Jude president and chief executive officer. That will not be easy, but this study found no obvious cooperating mutations to target.

St. Jude researchers are working to identify compounds and develop combination therapies to improve cure rates for infants with the MLL rearrangement. Nationally, 85 percent of pediatric ALL patients now enjoy long-term, cancer free survival compared to 28 to 36 percent of infants with the high-risk subtype.

We frequently associate a cancers aggressiveness with its mutation rate, but this work indicates that the two dont always go hand-in-hand, said co-author Richard K. Wilson, Ph.D., director of The Genome Institute at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. Still, our findings provide a new direction for developing more effective treatments for these very young patients.

The other corresponding authors are Tanja Gruber, M.D., Ph.D., assistant member in the St. Jude Department of Oncology, and Anna Andersson, Ph.D., formerly of St. Jude and now of Lund University, Sweden. Andersson and Jing Ma, Ph.D., of the St. Jude Department of Pathology, are co-first authors.

Almost half of infants with MLL rearranged ALL had activating mutations in a biochemical pathway called the tyrosine kinase-phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-RAS pathway. Surprisingly, the mutations were often present in only some of the leukemic cells. Researchers analyzed leukemia cells in infants whose cancer returned after treatment and found that at the time of relapse the cells lacked the pathway mutations. The fact that the mutations were often lost at relapse suggests that patients are unlikely to benefit from therapeutically targeting these mutations at diagnosis, Downing said.

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Chromosomal Rearrangement Is the Key to Progress Against Aggressive Infant Leukemia

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Genetic Engineering: Cloning
Please enjoy my super cool biology project. That rat (and the goat I briefly mentioned) isn #39;t a clone, but it #39;s glowing. Anything that glows is chill with me...

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THURSDAY, March 5, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- Websites that offer personalized genetic cancer tests tend to overstate their supposed benefits and downplay their limitations, a new study says.

And many sites offer tests that have not been proven to be useful in guiding cancer treatment, according to the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute team that analyzed 55 such websites.

"We wanted to see if consumers are getting a balanced picture of benefits and limitations of these services," said study first author Dr. Stacy Gray in an institute news release. She is a medical oncologist and investigator at the Dana-Farber Center for Outcomes and Policy Research in Boston.

"We found a lot of variation. Some of the information is good, but all of it needs to be looked at critically by consumers and health care providers," she said.

In general, "the benefits of these personalized cancer products are reported much more frequently than are the limitations," Gray said.

The researchers also found that 88 percent of the websites offered one or more "nonstandard" tests that lacked evidence of having value in routine cancer care.

The study was published March 5 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

Some sites marketed tests of a tumor's genetic characteristics, while others analyzed a patient's personal genome, or gene profile, looking for altered genes that might raise a healthy person's risk of developing cancer.

Claims and other information on websites are not regulated by agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or the Federal Trade Commission, the researchers noted. Recently, the FDA said it intends to start regulating genetic testing more broadly.

Even if genetic testing websites become regulated, cancer specialists "will need to guide patients as they navigate decisions about personalized cancer medicine," the study authors wrote.

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Be Wary of Websites Selling Genetic Cancer Tests: Study

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Ball Python Genetics 101 - Episode 2 - Punnett Squares
The second video in this multi-video series is FINALLY here! In this video we take a look at how to set up a Punnett square and what happens when we plug som...

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Ball Python Genetics 101 - Episode 2 - Punnett Squares - Video

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Long Natural Hair Growth :Back to Basics Genetics Hair Length
Long Natural Hair Growth : Back to Basics Genetics and Hair Length - Does Genetics determine hair length?? and if so, how can we attain hair length??. In thi...

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The Sims 3 - Perfect Genetics Challenge Ep.69 Irony
Come join me on my latest journey into the complex world of sims 3 genetics, as I try to get perfect foals and perfect children. Will I succeed in getting perfect genetics in both? Can I keep...

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Setting up a clinical trial protocol - Virtual Clinical Trials: Spinal Cord Injury
In this movie clip, students help the Biomedical Engineer set up a protocol for testing FES therapy with spinal cord injury patients.

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Setting up a clinical trial protocol - Virtual Clinical Trials: Spinal Cord Injury - Video

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Imagine Me Project Sue Murray with people with spinal cord injury
Imagine Me Project Sue Murray working on a creative photographic project with people living with spinal cord injury.

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Speech on C-643 National Spinal Cord Injury Awareness Day
Kirsty expresses support for private member #39;s bill C-643, An Act to establish National Spinal Cord Injury Awareness Day.

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SA Spinal Cord Injury

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P-SPAN #411: "Treating Blindness with Stem Cells"
On February 5, 2015, the Science/Biotechnology Department at Berkeley City College kicked off their Spring 2015 Seminar Series, sponsored by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine....

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WSCS 2014: REGENERATIVE MEDICINE FOR AGING: MAKING REJUVENATION COMPREHENSIVE NOT COSMETIC
Presenter - Aubrey de Grey, PhD, SENS Foundation.

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The ALS Therapy Development Institute is conducting a tissue sample collection study as part of the first ever integrated precision medicine effort to end ALS. The precision medicine program at ALS TDI encompasses much of what would commonly be called a "translational research program" used at academic and pharmaceutical companies alike to accelerate drug discovery and development. However, our program has been designed to include several additional steps and patient-integrated measures which we believe may positively impact speed and the quality of the data produced.

We are asking people living with ALS to participate in this study by donating tissue samples and sharing your medical history. Your information will be used to characterize the disease in a way that has never been done before. Using an integrated precision medicine approach and cutting-edge technology - and YOUR help - ALS TDI will screen thousands of potential drugs for you and others like you.

As part of this study, you will be asked to donate:

As part of this study, ALS TDI will:

The sample collection site is located at MGH Dermatology Department in Boston, MA. As you know, time is the most important advantage in the battle against ALS. A local collection facility allows for the tightest control over sample transfer and quality.

To review the full experimental protocol, click here.

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What are iPS cells? - Invest in iPS @ TDI | ALS Therapy ...

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Healing Tendon Tears, Ligamentous Tears and Sprains with Stem Cell Therapy
For more information: http://www.rmiclinic.com or 877-899-7836 (toll-free) Board Certified Orthopedic Surgeon discusses treating tendon tears, ligament tears and sprains with Stemnexa, a proprietary...

By: Riordan-McKenna Institute

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What Is AlphaGEMS Amniotic Tissue Product And How Does It Augment Bone Marrow Stem Cell Therapy?
Board-Certified Orthopedic Surgeon, Wade McKenna, DO, explains how AlphaGEMS amniotic tissue product can actually enhance the cellular activity of a patient #39;s own bone marrow stem cells.

By: Riordan-McKenna Institute

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What Is Stemnexa Stem Cell Therapy For Orthopedics And Is It Safe?
Dr. McKenna explains how AlphaGEMS amniotic tissue product is used to augment the metabolic activity of a patient #39;s own bone marrow stem cells. He talks about how Stemnexa bone marrow harvest.

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What Is Stemnexa Stem Cell Therapy For Orthopedics And Is It Safe? - Video

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