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Newswise A novel study by the Cancer Science Institute of Singapore (CSI Singapore) at the National University of Singapore (NUS) found that an increase in a gene known as Leo1 affects other genes that are directly implicated in acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML), increasing the incidence of cancer.

Led by Associate Professor Chng Wee Joo, Deputy Director and Senior Principal Investigator at CSI Singapore and Director of the National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, the scientists discovered that inhibition of Leo1 and Leo1 downstream signalling pathways provide an avenue for targeted treatment of AML. The findings were recently published in Cancer Research, the official journal of the American Association of Cancer Research.

In addition, this is the first study to suggest that the protein PRL-3 plays a role in the regulation of ribonucleic acid (RNA) related processes, a finding which advances the understanding of how the protein contributes to cancer progression. The teams work represents the first large-scale quantitative survey of proteins regulated by PRL-3 in leukaemia.

The elevated expression of PRL-3 has been implicated in the progression and metastasis of an array of cancer types, including gastric, ovarian, cervical, lung, liver, and breast. In particular, the protein PRL-3 is overexpressed in about half of AML patients and associated with poor survival. Assoc Prof Chng and his team were the first to report that elevated PRL-3 protein expression occurs in about 47 per cent of AML cases while being absent from normal myeloid cells in bone marrow. As a result, PRL-3 is deemed as an attractive therapeutic target that spares normal tissues.

Previously, knowledge of the mechanisms of PRL-3 was limited. In this study, the researchers used a new, advanced SILAC-based mass spectrometry to identify all the protein changes induced by PRL-3 in a comprehensive manner. Using this approach, they discovered that the gene Leo1 serves as a novel target of PRL-3 phosphatase, and inhibition of Leo1 as well as Leo1 downstream signalling pathways provide an avenue for PRL-3 targeted therapy for AML patients.

In the next phase of research, the team is validating several important proteins directly downstream of Leo1 that can possibly be used as biomarkers and drug targets to improve treatment for leukaemia with PRL-3 overexpression.

Assoc Prof Chng said, Our previous studies showed that PRL-3 is clinical and biologically important in acute myelogenous leukaemia, and may therefore be a useful treatment target. In the current study, we have taken the work further by understanding how PRL-3 confers cancer properties to the leukaemia cells. This now provides a framework for rational design of a treatment based on mechanistic understanding. In the process, we will also develop biomarkers to better select patients for the treatment and hence, progress towards personalising treatment for leukaemia patients.

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Singapore Researchers Discover a Gene That Increases Incidence of Acute Myelogenous Leukaemia

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:

22-Sep-2014

Contact: Kimberley Wang kimberley.wang@nus.edu.sg 65-660-11653 National University of Singapore

A novel study by the Cancer Science Institute of Singapore (CSI Singapore) at the National University of Singapore (NUS) found that an increase in a gene known as Leo1 affects other genes that are directly implicated in acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML), increasing the incidence of cancer.

Led by Associate Professor Chng Wee Joo, Deputy Director and Senior Principal Investigator at CSI Singapore and Director of the National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, the scientists discovered that inhibition of Leo1 and Leo1 downstream signalling pathways provide an avenue for targeted treatment of AML. The findings were recently published in Cancer Research, the official journal of the American Association of Cancer Research.

In addition, this is the first study to suggest that the protein PRL-3 plays a role in the regulation of ribonucleic acid (RNA) related processes, a finding which advances the understanding of how the protein contributes to cancer progression. The team's work represents the first large-scale quantitative survey of proteins regulated by PRL-3 in leukaemia.

The elevated expression of PRL-3 has been implicated in the progression and metastasis of an array of cancer types, including gastric, ovarian, cervical, lung, liver, and breast. In particular, the protein PRL-3 is overexpressed in about half of AML patients and associated with poor survival. Assoc Prof Chng and his team were the first to report that elevated PRL-3 protein expression occurs in about 47 per cent of AML cases while being absent from normal myeloid cells in bone marrow. As a result, PRL-3 is deemed as an attractive therapeutic target that spares normal tissues.

Previously, knowledge of the mechanisms of PRL-3 was limited. In this study, the researchers used a new, advanced SILAC-based mass spectrometry to identify all the protein changes induced by PRL-3 in a comprehensive manner. Using this approach, they discovered that the gene Leo1 serves as a novel target of PRL-3 phosphatase, and inhibition of Leo1 as well as Leo1 downstream signalling pathways provide an avenue for PRL-3 targeted therapy for AML patients.

In the next phase of research, the team is validating several important proteins directly downstream of Leo1 that can possibly be used as biomarkers and drug targets to improve treatment for leukaemia with PRL-3 overexpression.

Assoc Prof Chng said, "Our previous studies showed that PRL-3 is clinical and biologically important in acute myelogenous leukaemia, and may therefore be a useful treatment target. In the current study, we have taken the work further by understanding how PRL-3 confers cancer properties to the leukaemia cells. This now provides a framework for rational design of a treatment based on mechanistic understanding. In the process, we will also develop biomarkers to better select patients for the treatment and hence, progress towards personalising treatment for leukaemia patients."

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Singapore researchers discover a gene that increases incidence of AML

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David Pearce - The World Transhumanist Association (WTA)
David Pearce (born 3 April) is a British philosopher. He promotes the idea that there exists a strong ethical imperative for humans to work towards the abolition of suffering in all sentient...

By: Adam Ford

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David Pearce - The World Transhumanist Association (WTA) - Video

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Genetic engineering is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including thetransfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms. The techniques involve sophisticated manipulations of genetic material and other biologically important chemicals.

Genes are the chemical blueprints that determine an organism's traits. Moving genes from one organism to another transfers those traits. Through genetic engineering, organisms can be given targeted combinations of new genesand therefore new combinations of traitsthat do not occur in nature and, indeed, cannot be developed by natural means. Such an approach is different from classical plant and animal breeding, which operates through selection across many generations for traits of interest. Classical breeding operates on traits, only indirectly selecting genes, whereas biotechnology targets genes, attempting to influence traits. The potential of biotechnology is to rapidly accelerate the rate of progress and efficiency of breeding.

Novel organisms

Nature can produce organisms with new gene combinations through sexual reproduction. A brown cow bred to a yellow cow may produce a calf of a completely new color. But reproductive mechanisms limit the number of new combinations. Cows must breed with other cows (or very near relatives). A breeder who wants a purple cow would be able to breed toward one only if the necessary purple genes were available somewhere in a cow or a near relative to cows. A genetic engineer has no such restriction. If purple genes are available anywhere in naturein a sea urchin or an iristhose genes could be used in attempts to produce purple cows. This unprecedented ability to shuffle genes means that genetic engineers can concoct gene combinations that would never be found in nature.

New risks

Genetic engineering is therefore qualitatively different from existing breeding technologies. It is a set of technologies for altering the traits of living organisms by inserting genetic material that has been manipulated to extract it from its source and successfully insert it in functioning order in target organisms. Because of this, genetic engineering may one day lead to the routine addition of novel genes that have been wholly synthesized in the laboratory.

In addition to desired benefits, novel organisms may bring novel risks as well. These risks must be carefully assessed to make sure that all effectsboth desired and unintendedare benign. UCS advocates caution, examination of alternatives, and careful, contextual, case-by-case evaluation of genetic enginering applications within an overall framework that moves agricultural systems of food production toward sustainability.

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What Is Genetic Engineering? | Union of Concerned Scientists

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Genetics of Pulmonary Hypertension
Dr. C. Gregory Elliott of the Intermountain Medical Center addresses new developments in the study of PH genetics, as well as some of the developing science ...

By: PHAssociation

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Genetics of Pulmonary Hypertension - Video

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Using Tree Fruit Genetics to Help the Citrus Industry: Challenges

By: WSU CAHNRS

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Using Tree Fruit Genetics to Help the Citrus Industry: Challenges - Video

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Dr Shalima Nair - Genetics and Epigenetics Research

By: Garvan Institute of Medical Research

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Dr Shalima Nair - Genetics and Epigenetics Research - Video

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Using Genetics to Defeat Citrus Greening (HLB)
Using Genetics to Defeat Citrus Greening (HLB)

By: CaliforniaAgNet

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Using Genetics to Defeat Citrus Greening (HLB) - Video

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genetics,study of heredity in general and of genes in particular. Genetics forms one of the central pillars of biology and overlaps with many other areas such as agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology.

Since the dawn of civilization, humankind has recognized the influence of heredity and has applied its principles to the improvement of cultivated crops and domestic animals. A Babylonian tablet more than 6,000 years old, for example, shows pedigrees of horses and indicates possible inherited characteristics. Other old carvings show cross-pollination of date palm trees. Most of the mechanisms of heredity, however, remained a mystery until the 19th century, when genetics as a systematic science began.

Genetics arose out of the identification of genes, the fundamental units responsible for heredity. Genetics may be defined as the study of genes at all levels, including the ways in which they act in the cell and the ways in which they are transmitted from parents to offspring. Modern genetics focuses on the chemical substance that genes are made of, called deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, and the ways in which it affects the chemical reactions that constitute the living processes within the cell. Gene action depends on interaction with the environment. Green plants, for example, have genes containing the information necessary to synthesize the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll that gives them their green colour. Chlorophyll is synthesized in an environment containing light because the gene for chlorophyll is expressed only when it interacts with light. If a plant is placed in a dark environment, chlorophyll synthesis stops because the gene is no longer expressed.

Genetics as a scientific discipline stemmed from the work of Gregor Mendel in the middle of the 19th century. Mendel suspected that traits were inherited as discrete units, and, although he knew nothing of the physical or chemical nature of genes at the time, his units became the basis for the development of the present understanding of heredity. All present research in genetics can be traced back to Mendels discovery of the laws governing the inheritance of traits. The word genetics was introduced in 1905 by English biologist William Bateson, who was one of the discoverers of Mendels work and who became a champion of Mendels principles of inheritance.

Although scientific evidence for patterns of genetic inheritance did not appear until Mendels work, history shows that humankind must have been interested in heredity long before the dawn of civilization. Curiosity must first have been based on human family resemblances, such as similarity in body structure, voice, gait, and gestures. Such notions were instrumental in the establishment of family and royal dynasties. Early nomadic tribes were interested in the qualities of the animals that they herded and domesticated and, undoubtedly, bred selectively. The first human settlements that practiced farming appear to have selected crop plants with favourable qualities. Ancient tomb paintings show racehorse breeding pedigrees containing clear depictions of the inheritance of several distinct physical traits in the horses. Despite this interest, the first recorded speculations on heredity did not exist until the time of the ancient Greeks; some aspects of their ideas are still considered relevant today.

Hippocrates (c. 460c. 375 bce), known as the father of medicine, believed in the inheritance of acquired characteristics, and, to account for this, he devised the hypothesis known as pangenesis. He postulated that all organs of the body of a parent gave off invisible seeds, which were like miniaturized building components and were transmitted during sexual intercourse, reassembling themselves in the mothers womb to form a baby.

Aristotle (384322 bce) emphasized the importance of blood in heredity. He thought that the blood supplied generative material for building all parts of the adult body, and he reasoned that blood was the basis for passing on this generative power to the next generation. In fact, he believed that the males semen was purified blood and that a womans menstrual blood was her equivalent of semen. These male and female contributions united in the womb to produce a baby. The blood contained some type of hereditary essences, but he believed that the baby would develop under the influence of these essences, rather than being built from the essences themselves.

Aristotles ideas about the role of blood in procreation were probably the origin of the still prevalent notion that somehow the blood is involved in heredity. Today people still speak of certain traits as being in the blood and of blood lines and blood ties. The Greek model of inheritance, in which a teeming multitude of substances was invoked, differed from that of the Mendelian model. Mendels idea was that distinct differences between individuals are determined by differences in single yet powerful hereditary factors. These single hereditary factors were identified as genes. Copies of genes are transmitted through sperm and egg and guide the development of the offspring. Genes are also responsible for reproducing the distinct features of both parents that are visible in their children.

In the two millennia between the lives of Aristotle and Mendel, few new ideas were recorded on the nature of heredity. In the 17th and 18th centuries the idea of preformation was introduced. Scientists using the newly developed microscopes imagined that they could see miniature replicas of human beings inside sperm heads. French biologist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck invoked the idea of the inheritance of acquired characters, not as an explanation for heredity but as a model for evolution. He lived at a time when the fixity of species was taken for granted, yet he maintained that this fixity was only found in a constant environment. He enunciated the law of use and disuse, which states that when certain organs become specially developed as a result of some environmental need, then that state of development is hereditary and can be passed on to progeny. He believed that in this way, over many generations, giraffes could arise from deerlike animals that had to keep stretching their necks to reach high leaves on trees.

British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace originally postulated the theory of evolution by natural selection. However, Charles Darwins observations during his circumnavigation of the globe aboard the HMS Beagle (183136) provided evidence for natural selection and his suggestion that humans and animals shared a common ancestry. Many scientists at the time believed in a hereditary mechanism that was a version of the ancient Greek idea of pangenesis, and Darwins ideas did not appear to fit with the theory of heredity that sprang from the experiments of Mendel.

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genetics -- Encyclopedia Britannica

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PUBLIC RELEASE DATE:

22-Sep-2014

Contact: Jim Feuer jim.feuer@cchmc.org 513-636-4656 Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center @CincyChildrens

Researchers have found that environment has a much stronger role than genetics in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a severe, often painful food allergy that renders children unable to eat a wide variety of foods.

Eosinophils are normal cellular components of the blood, but when the body produces too many eosinophils they can cause a variety of eosinophilic disorders. These are disorders involving chronic inflammation and resulting tissue damage, often in the gastrointestinal system.

In an international collaboration involving multiple institutions, researchers at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center quantified the risk associated with genes and environment on familial clustering of EoE.

The researchers constructed and examined patient family pedigrees of patients with EoE and their first-degree relatives (nuclear family analysis) and of patients with EoE and their identical or fraternal twin/triplets (twin analysis). Using these two distinct analyses, they determined that 2.4% of siblings and 1.8% of first-degree relatives of patients with EoE also had EoE.

The researchers also found that brothers, fathers, and males were more likely to have EoE than sisters, mothers, or females. Twins had 20-40% risk of EoE depending upon whether they were identical or fraternal.

"The power of this study is the twin analysis," says Eileen Alexander, PhD, MS, BSN, RN, Woodside Fellow at Cincinnati Children's and first author of the study. "Both the twin and family analyses support that genetics contribute to EoE risk, but the twin analysis revealed that the contribution of genetics was previously overestimated, masking the stronger contribution of common household environment. Further studies of environmental factors may identify modifiable environmental risk factors that could be targeted for EoE prevention."

This study, published online September 22 in Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, is the first EoE heritability study to analyze twins. This is a necessary step in separating the contribution of genetics from environment. It also identified a few environmental risk factors, including food allergies, high twin birth-weight difference, and self-reported penicillin allergy.

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Environment plays bigger role than genetics in food allergic disease eosinophilic esophagitis

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The Future: Aging is Plastic
Sonia Arrison, futurist and author of 100 Plus: How the Coming Age of Longevity Will Change Everything, From Careers and Relationships to Family and Faith, proffers that today #39;s generation...

By: RealClear Radio Hour

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The Future: Aging is Plastic - Video

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Male sexuality following spinal cord injury (detailed overview)
Thanks Dan for the question! http://www.intimaterider.com is where you can find the product I was referencing. ...By the way...be confident!

By: Blake Perkins

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Male sexuality following spinal cord injury (detailed overview) - Video

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Stem Cell Research: Ophir Klein, UCSF

By: California Institute for Regenerative Medicine

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) & Stem Cell Research: Ophir Klein, UCSF - Video

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About three million Briton currently suffer osteoporosis which is affected by a number factors such as genes, a lack of exercise and poor diet and results in about 60,000 hip, 50,000 wrist and 120,000 spinal fractures every year, according to the National Osteoporosis Society, costing about 1.7 billion in health and social care.

Dr Ifty Ahmed, a researcher at Nottingham University, said his team wanted to provide a preventative treatment, strengthening the bones of those at risk before they suffered a fracture.

Speaking at the Regener8 conference on regenerative medicine, in Leeds last week, he said: Our aim would be to use screening to spot people who are at risk, then strengthen their bones before they get fractures.

It means that rather than waiting until people have a fall and break something, we would try to stop that ever happening, along with the consequences, loss of independence, surgery and secondary illnesses.

Previous attempts have been made to find ways of strengthening thinning bones but the difficulties of protecting the fragile stem cells has meant no such treatments have yet been developed.

Dr Ahmeds team hope to overcome this problem by puncturing the tiny hollow spheres of calcium phosphate allowing the stem cells to migrate inside them where they are protected.

The experimental treatment has not yet been trialled on humans.

It would involve extracting stem cells from a patients bone marrow and mixing them with the microspheres before injecting the paste into the vulnerable bones.

Dr Ahmed said: "If it works, this kind of treatment could be done in a day.

Until now the team have been funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council but they are now looking for a commercial partner.

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Bone paste could provide treatment for ostoeporosis

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WARNING: Ebola the Days of Noah - Mass Scale Genetic Engineering of the Human Race
In this radio broadcast, Tim Alberino is interviewed by the fellas from the blogtalkradio program "We Are The Essential Resistance" concerning a conspiracy to conduct mass scale genetic alterations...

By: Genesis 6 Giants (official Steve Quayle channel)

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WARNING: Ebola & the Days of Noah - Mass Scale Genetic Engineering of the Human Race - Video

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THIS IS WHY "THE ROCK" IS THE PEOPLES CHAMP!
THIS IS WHY "THE ROCK" IS THE PEOPLE #39;S CHAMP! DWAYNE JOHNSON CALLS ALEX MCKINNON WHO SUFFERED A SEVERE SPINAL CORD INJURY IN A FOOTBALL TACKLE, DURING HIS INTERVIEW! Say what you want about...

By: Cheap Trillz

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THIS IS WHY "THE ROCK" IS THE PEOPLES CHAMP! - Video

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Building for the future
http://www.bhf.org.uk/institute We #39;re raising funds to build a cutting-edge research facility at the University of Oxford. The Institute of Developmental and...

By: British Heart Foundation

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Building for the future - Video

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Campus Insights: Professor Rashid Bashir, Abel Bliss Professor and Head, Bioengineering On September 10, 2014, eight faculty members from the Urbana-Champaign campus gave brief presentations to the University of Illinois Board of Trustees on the

By: Illinois1867

Read more from the original source: Campus Insights: Professor Rashid Bashir, Abel Bliss Professor and Head, Bioengineering Video

Campus Insights: Professor Matthew Wheeler, Animal Sciences and Bioengineering On Sept. 10, 2014, eight faculty members from the Urbana-Champaign campus gave brief presentations to the University of Illinois Board of Trustees on their r

By: Illinois1867

See the article here: Campus Insights: Professor Matthew Wheeler, Animal Sciences and Bioengineering Video

The winners generally have no inkling they are under consideration. The money, doled out over five years, comes with no strings attached.

Im still processing that this is actually happening, said Bassett, the youngest of this years fellows.

Also among the winners are graphic memoirist and cartoonist Alison Bechdel, who grew up in Lock Haven; jazz composer and saxophonist Steve Coleman, of Allentown; and University of Pittsburgh writing professor and poet Terrance Hayes. Tara Zahra, a 1998 graduate of Swarthmore College, was honored for her work as a historian of modern Europe.

In a group being honored for creative brains, it makes sense that one, Bassett, studies the very quality that makes brains flexible.

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BioEngineering IPS Cell Therapy IPS Cell Therapy

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Stem Cell Therapy Professional Football Player
James Lee a Professional Football player is back in action thanks to stem cell therapy and Dr. Dennis M. Lox MD. Dr. Lox | http://www.drloxstemcells.com | (844) 440...

By: Dr. Lox

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Stem Cell Therapy Professional Football Player - Video

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9 Global Options Stem Cell Therapy for Parkinson #39;s Disease
Parkinson #39;s disease is a neuromuscular condition that affects millions of people around the world. Uncontrollable movement of the body muscles along with strong shaking and trembling of extremiti...

By: placidways

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9 Global Options Stem Cell Therapy for Parkinson's Disease - Video

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A collaborative research team led by Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) scientists has identified a new gene associated with fasting glucose and insulin levels in rats, mice and in humans. The findings are published in the September issue of Genetics.

Leah Solberg Woods, Ph.D., associate professor of pediatrics at MCW and a researcher in the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin Research Institute, led the study and is the corresponding author of the paper.

The authors of the paper identified a gene called Tpcn2 in which a variant was associated with fasting glucose levels in a rat model. Studies in Tpcn2 knockout mice also demonstrated the difference in fasting glucose levels as well as insulin response between the knockout animals and regular mice. Finally, Dr. Woods' team identified variants within Tpcn2 associated with fasting insulin in humans. Tpcn2 is a lysosomal calcium channel that likely plays a role in insulin signaling. Glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction are key underlying causes of type 2 diabetes.

"Genome-wide association studies in humans have identified 60+ genes linked to type 2 diabetes; however, these genes explain only a small portion of heritability in diabetes studies. As we continue to identify genes and variants of interest, we will evaluate them in multiple models to understand the mechanism of disease," said Dr. Solberg Woods.

According to the American Diabetes Association, 29 million Americans have diabetes -- more than nine percent of the total population. It is the 7th leading cause of death, and experts estimate diabetes is an underreported cause of death because of the comorbidities and complications associated with the disease.

Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Medical College of Wisconsin. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

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Gene responsible for traits involved in diabetes discovered

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How Much Do You Know About GMOs?
Did you know that farmers and gardeners have been genetically modifying their plants to express desired traits through selective breeding for thousands of years? From taste, color and hardiness...

By: KickedUp Media Group

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How Much Do You Know About GMOs? - Video

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Harnessing Genetics to Identify Druggable Targets and Causes of Off-Target Cardiotoxicity
Christopher Newton-Cheh, MD, MPH Assistant Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School Director, Electrocardiography Laboratory Faculty, Cardiovascular Research Center Center for Human Genetic...

By: Duke Clinical Research Institute

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Harnessing Genetics to Identify Druggable Targets and Causes of Off-Target Cardiotoxicity - Video

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Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Medicine Collaboration with National University Ireland Galway
Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Medicine and National University Ireland Galway have signed a formal MOU to pave the way for joint clinical trials in regenerative medicine. They will focus...

By: Mayo Clinic

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Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Medicine Collaboration with National University Ireland Galway - Video

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Pluristem Pursues Development Strategy in Japan Where New Law Accelerates Path to Market
HAIFA, Israel, Sept. 16, 2014 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Pluristem Therapeutics Inc. (PSTI) (TASE:PLTR), a leading developer of placenta-based cell therapy products, announced today it is evaluating...

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Pluristem Pursues Development Strategy in Japan Where New Law Accelerates Path to Market - Video

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