http://www.CLINICell.com "MENISCUS TEAR alternative with PRP and Stem Cell Therapy"
http://www.CLINICell.com offers the latest alternative treatments with PRP and Stem Cell Therapy for an MENISCUS Tear. Platelet Rich Plasma and Stem Cell treatments can be used as an alternative...

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http://www.CLINICell.com "MENISCUS TEAR alternative with PRP and Stem Cell Therapy" - Video

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Other common name(s): cellular therapy, fresh cell therapy, live cell therapy, glandular therapy, xenotransplant therapy

Scientific/medical name(s): none

In cell therapy, processed tissue from the organs, embryos, or fetuses of animals such as sheep or cows is injected into patients. Cell therapy is promoted as an alternative form of cancer treatment.

Available scientific evidence does not support claims that cell therapy is effective in treating cancer or any other disease. Serious side effects can result from cell therapy. It may in fact be lethalseveral deaths have been reported. It is important to distinguish between this alternative method involving animal cells and mainstream cancer treatments that use human cells, such as bone marrow transplantation.

In cell therapy, live or freeze-dried cells or pieces of cells from the healthy organs, fetuses, or embryos of animals such as sheep or cows are injected into patients. This is supposed to repair cellular damage and heal sick or failing organs. Cell therapy is promoted as an alternative therapy for cancer, arthritis, heart disease, Down syndrome, and Parkinson disease.

Cell therapy is also marketed to counter the effects of aging, reverse degenerative diseases, improve general health, increase vitality and stamina, and enhance sexual function. Some practitioners have proposed using cell therapy to treat AIDS patients.

The theory behind cell therapy is that the healthy animal cells injected into the body can find their way to weak or damaged organs of the same type and stimulate the body's own healing process. The choice of the type of cells to use depends on which organ is having the problem. For instance, a patient with a diseased liver may receive injections of animal liver cells. Most cell therapists today use cells taken from taken from the tissue of animal embryos.

Supporters assert that after the cells are injected into the body, they are transported directly to where they are most needed. They claim that embryonic and fetal animal tissue contains therapeutic agents that can repair damage and stimulate the immune system, thereby helping cells in the body heal.

The alternative treatment cell therapy is very different from some forms of proven therapy that use live human cells. Bone marrow transplants infuse blood stem cellsfrom the patient or a carefully matched donorafter the patients own bone marrow cells have been destroyed. Studies have shown that bone marrow transplants are effective in helping to treat several types of cancer. In another accepted procedure, damaged knee cartilage can be repaired by taking cartilage cells from the patient's knee, carefully growing them in the laboratory, and then injecting them back into the joint. Approaches involving transplants of other types of human stem cells are being studied as a possible way to replace damaged nerve or heart muscle cells, but these approaches are still experimental.

First, healthy live cells are harvested from the organs of juvenile or adult live animals, animal embryos, or animal fetuses. These cells may be taken from the brain, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus gland, liver, kidney, pancreas, spleen, heart, ovaries, testicles, or even from whole embryos. Patients might receive one or several types of animal cells. Some cell therapists inject fresh cells into their patients. Others freeze them first, which kills the cells, and they may filter out some of the cell components. Frozen cell extracts have a longer "shelf life" and can be screened for disease. Fresh cells cannot be screened. A course of cell therapy to address a specific disease might require several injections over a short period of time, whereas cell therapy designed to treat the effects of aging and "increase vitality" may involve injections received over many months.

More:
Cell Therapy - American Cancer Society

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Adam Rutherford on Creation, synthetic biology and hip-hop
Geneticist and self-proclaimed geek, Adam Rutherford talks about his new book, Creation: The Origin of Life/The Future of Life, and what hip-hop can teach us...

By: Science Gallery

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Adam Rutherford on Creation, synthetic biology and hip-hop - Video

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Genetics. What is the probability have at least 2 boys out of 4 children?
the possible combinations of boys and girls are: bbbb bbbg bbgg bggg gggg all boys can occur in 1 way so p(4b) = 1 * .5^4 = .0625 3 boys 1 girl can occur in ...

By: GeneticsLessons

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Genetics. What is the probability have at least 2 boys out of 4 children? - Video

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Strainhunters Live Thread - 26th High Times Cannabis Cup smoking Apothecary Genetics
Sunday morning during the first day of the Cannabis Cup in amsterdam, we have been having some good times with our friend from Apothecary Genetics. http://www.strai...

By: strainhunterslive

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Strainhunters Live Thread - 26th High Times Cannabis Cup smoking Apothecary Genetics - Video

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Genetics. Law of probability: rules of multiplication and addition.
If A and B are events, the probability of obtaining either of them is: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B) If the events A and B are mutually exclusive( that is, if both events cannot occur...

By: GeneticsLessons

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Genetics. Law of probability: rules of multiplication and addition. - Video

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Click the YES button at the bottom of this page to continue.

This website http://www.cellmedicine.com offers patients, doctors and scientists the opportunity to connect to licensed doctors who use adult stem cells as part of their clinical practice outside of the United States and Canada. Because stem cell therapy is not the standard of care in the US or Canada, the following important disclosures are made:

1) The Stem Cell Institute is not conducting free clinical trials at this time. 2) Health insurance will not cover the treatment fees. 3) The Stem Cell Institute does not provide itemized bills.

Treatments include from 3 to 16 separate stem cell infusions/injections over the course of 4 to 30 days depending upon the protocol employed. A fee will be quoted once your treatment protocol has been determined.

We do not treat ALS, Alzheimers, muscular dystrophy or stroke.

JavaScript is disabled! Please enable JavaScript and then reload this form before you begin. If you cannot do this on your own, please call 1-800-980-STEM and we will arrange for someone to email an application to you. Thank you.

To access the application you must first agree that you have read and understand all of the statements above.

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Stem Cell Therapy || Patient Treatment Disclaimer || Stem Cell ...

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T he International Cellular Medicine Society (ICMS) is an international non-profit dedicated to patient safety through strict evaluation of protocols and rigorous oversight of clinics and facilities engaged in the translation of point-of-care cell-based treatments.As a Professional Medical Association, the ICMS represents Physiciansand Researchersfrom over 35 countries who share a mission to provide Scientifically Credible and Medically Appropriate Treatments to Informed Patients.Join the ICMS.

The ICMS Works Tirelessly for the Clincial Translation of Field of Cell-Based Point-of-Care Treatments through:

Comprehensive Medical Standards and Best Practice Guidelines for Cell Based Medicine,

Strict Evaluation and Rigerous Oversight of Stem Cell Clinics and Facilities through aGlobal Accreditation Process,

Physician Education through daily updates on the latest Research on Stem Cells, the monthly Currents In Stem Cell Medicine and the annual International Congress for Regenerative and Stem Cell Medicine.

Join the ICMSto receive the latest news and research from cell-based medicne, including the bi-monthly publication, Currents in Stem Cell Medicine.

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ICMS International Cell Medicine Society

Recommendation and review posted by simmons

Home >> Publication: Cell Medicine

The importance of translating original, peer-reviewed research and review articles on the subject of cell therapy and its application to human diseases to society has led to the formation of the journal Cell Medicine. To ensure high-quality contributions from all areas of transplantation, the same rigorous peer review will be applied to articles published in Cell Medicine. Articles may deal with a wide range of topics including physiological, medical, preclinical, tissue engineering, and device-oriented aspects of transplantation of nervous system, endocrine, growth factor-secreting, bone marrow, epithelial, endothelial, and genetically engineered cells, and stem cells, among others. Basic clinical studies and immunological research papers may also be featured if they have a translational interest. To provide complete coverage of this revolutionary field, Cell Medicine will report on relevant technological advances and their potential for translational medicine. Cell Medicine will be a purely online Open Access journal. There will therefore be an inexpensive publication charge, which is dependent on the number of pages, in addition to the charge for color figures. This will allow your work to be disseminated to a wider audience and also entitle you to a free PDF, as well as prepublication of an unedited version of your manuscript.

Publisher: Cognizant Communication Corporation

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ingentaconnect Publication: Cell Medicine

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http://www.CLINICell.com "MENISCUS TEAR alternative with PRP and Stem Cell Therapy"
http://www.CLINICell.com offers the latest alternative treatments with PRP and Stem Cell Therapy for an MENISCUS Tear. Platelet Rich Plasma and Stem Cell treatments can be used as an alternative...

By: ClinicellTech

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http://www.CLINICell.com "MENISCUS TEAR alternative with PRP and Stem Cell Therapy" - Video

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Direct-to-Consumer genetic testing - What #39;s in it for me? - Interview with Prof. Timothy Caulfield
Timothy Caulfield, Research Director for Health Law and Science Policy at the University of Alberta, Canada, talks to Sandra Bendiscioli, EMBO Science Policy...

By: EMBO - excellence in life sciences

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Direct-to-Consumer genetic testing - What's in it for me? - Interview with Prof. Timothy Caulfield - Video

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PhD Retreat 2013 Regenerative Medicine Utrecht

By: Imagination Lab

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PhD Retreat 2013 Regenerative Medicine Utrecht - Video

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Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be one of the main causes of death in the western world. A high burden of disease and the high costs for the healthcare systems claim for novel therapeutic strategies besides current conventional medical care. One decade ago first clinical trials addressed stem cell based therapies as a potential alternative therapeutic strategy for myocardial regeneration and repair. Besides bone marrow derived stem cells (BMCs), adult stem cells from adipose or cardiac tissue have been used in current clinical studies with inconsistent results. Although outcomes in terms of safety and feasibility are generally encouraging, functional improvements were mostly disappointingly low and have failed to reach expectations. In the future, new concepts for myocardial regeneration, especially concerning recovery of cardiomyocyte loss, have to be developed. Transplantation of novel stem or progenitor cell populations with true regenerative potential, direct reprogramming of scar tissue into functional myocardium, tissue engineering or stimulation of endogenous cardiac repair by pharmacological agents are conceivable. This review summarizes current evidence of stem cell based regenerative therapies and discusses future strategies to improve functional outcomes.

KEYWORDS : Myocardial infarction, regenerative medicine, stem cells, tissue engineering, reprogramming

In 2009 cardiovascular disease (CVD) still accounted for 32.3% of all deaths in the United States and therefore continues to be one of the main causes of death (1). From 1999 to 2009, the rate of death due to CVD has declined, but nevertheless the burden of disease remains high. Although improved medical care and acute management of myocardial infarction have led to a considerable reduction of early mortality rate survivors are susceptible to an increased prevalence of chronic heart failure as they develop scarring followed by ventricular remodeling despite optimum medical care (2,3).

Interestingly, cardiovascular operations and interventional procedures increased by 28% from 2000 to 2010 implicating an enormous cost factor for the healthcare system (1). For 2009, it was estimated that the direct and indirect costs of CVD and stroke add up to about $312.6 billion in the United States, which was more than for any other diagnostic group (1).

The main issue of current pharmacological, interventional or operative therapies is their disability to compensate the irreversible loss of functional cardiomyocytes (4). Hence, the future challenge of cardiovascular therapies will be the functional regeneration of myocardial contractility by novel concepts, like cell based therapy, tissue engineering or reprogramming of scar fibroblasts (5,6).

After promising preclinical results using adult stem and precursor cells for cardiac regeneration a rapid clinical translation using autologous bone marrow cells (BMCs) in patients was initiated (7,8). In the last few years numerous clinical trials addressing the transplantation of various adult stem cell populations for cardiac regeneration have been performed. Essential characteristics for the selected adult stem cell populations are the potential to proliferate, migrate and the ability to transdifferentiate into various mature cell types (9). Today, different adult stem cell sources like BMCs, myocardium or adipose tissue derived cells were already used in clinical trials. Beside direct intracoronary or intramyocardial transplantation of adult stem cells into the heart mobilization of autologous progenitor cells by administration of different cytokines [i.e., erythropoietin (EPO) or granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)] were also evaluated in first clinical trials (summarized in and ,).

Regenerative therapies and cell sources currently administered in clinical trials. Current clinical trials use BMCs, ADRCs or CPCs to regenerate impaired myocardium after ischemic events. Alternatively cytokines like EPO or G-CSF are employed to mobilize ...

Transplantation of adult stem cells-clinical trials mentioned in the text.

Mobilization of adult stem cells-clinical trials mentioned in the text.

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Cardiac regeneration: current therapies—future concepts

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

New research has shown human neural stem cells could improve blood flow in critical limb ischemia through the growth of new vessels. Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a disease that severely obstructs arteries and reduces the blood flow to legs and feet. CLI remains an unmet clinical problem and with an ageing population and the rise in type II diabetes, the incidence of CLI is expected to increase.

The study, led by academics in the University of Bristol's School of Clinical Sciences, is published online in the American Heart Association journal Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology.

Current stem cell therapy trials for the treatment of CLI have revitalised new hope for improving symptoms and prolonging life expectancy. However, there are limitations on the use of autologous cell therapy. The patient's own stem cells are generally invasively harvested from bone marrow or require purification from peripheral blood after cytokine stimulation. Other sources contain so few stem cells that ex vivo expansion through lengthy bespoke Good Manufacturing Practice processes is required. Ultimately, these approaches lead to cells of variable quality and potency that are affected by the patient's age and disease status and lead to inconsistent therapeutic outcomes.

In order to circumvent the problem a team, led by Professor Paolo Madeddu in the Bristol Heart Institute at the University of Bristol, has used a conditionally immortalised clonal human neural stem cell (hNSC) line to treat animal models with limb ischaemia and superimposed diabetes. The CTX cell line, established by stem cell company ReNeuron, is genetically modified to produce genetically and phenotypically stable cell banks.

Results of the new study have shown that CTX treatment effectively improves the recovery from ischaemia through the promotion of the growth of new vessels. The safety of CTX cell treatment is currently being assessed in disabled patients with stroke [PISCES trial, NCT01151124]. As a result, the same cell product is immediately available for starting dose ranging safety and efficacy studies in CLI patients.

Professor Paolo Madeddu, Chair of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine and Head of Regenerative Medicine Section in the Bristol Heart Institute at the University of Bristol, said: "Currently, there are no effective drug interventions to treat CLI. The consequences are a very poor quality of life, possible major amputation and a life expectancy of less than one year from diagnosis in 50 per cent of all CLI patients.

"Our findings have shown a remarkable advancement towards more effective treatments for CLI and we have also demonstrated the importance of collaborations between universities and industry that can have a social and medical impact."

Dr John Sinden, Chief Scientific Officer of ReNeuron, added: "The novel idea of using neural stem cells to treat vascular disease arose from a chance discussion with Professor Madeddu. The discussion led to a short pilot study with our cells producing very clear data, which then developed into a further eight experiments exploring different variants of the disease model, the product formulation and dose variation.

"The study also explored the cascade of molecular events that produced vascular and muscle recovery. It is a great example of industry and academia working successfully towards the key goal, clinical translation."

Explore further: UH Case Medical Center launches novel clinical trial using stem cells to prevent amputation

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Human neural stem cells could meet the clinical problem of ...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Bone marrow stem cells

Diseases such as aplastic anaemia, or infections (such as tuberculosis) can negatively impact the ability of the bone marrow to produce blood cells or platelets. Other diseases, such as leukaemia, also affect the progenitor/stem cells in the bone marrow and are diagnosed by a bone marrow biopsy where a sample of the tissue is taken using a large hollow needle inserted into the iliac crest (the pelvic bone). Harvesting bone marrow is usually done under general anaesthetic, although local anaesthetic is also a possibility.

Recent advances in stimulating and harvesting stem cells from the peripheral blood may mean that the invasiveness of bone marrow harvesting can be avoided for some donors and patients. Stimulatory pharmaceuticals, such as GM-CSF, and G-CSF, which drive the stem cells out of the bone marrow and into the peripheral circulation, can allow for a large yield of stem cells during apheresis. However, bone marrow stem cells have been found through research in the past five years or so to be able to differentiate into more cell types than previously thought. Mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow have been successfully cultured to create beta-pancreatic cells, and neural cells, with possible ramifications for treatment of diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Clinical trials involving stem cell treatments for such conditions in humans remain theoretical however as there are a number of issues that need further investigation to confirm efficacy and safety.

The stem cells contained within bone marrow are of three types; haematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and endothelial stem cells. Haematopoietic stem cells differentiate into both white and red blood cells, and platelets. These leukocytes, erythrocytes, and thrombocytes, respectively, play a role in immune function, oxygen transportation, and blood-clotting and are destroyed by chemotherapy for cancers such as leukaemia. This is why bone marrow transplants can mean the difference between life and death for someone suffering from such a disease as it is vital to replace and repopulate the bone marrow with stem cells that can then create new blood- and immune-forming cells.

Mesenchymal stem cells are also found in the bone marrow and are responsible for creating osteoblasts, chrondrocytes, and mycocytes, along with a number of other cell types. The location of these stem cells differs from that of the haematopoietic stem cells as they are usually central to the bone marrow, which makes it easier to extract specific populations of stem cells during a bone marrow aspiration procedure.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have also been found to differentiate into beta-pancreatic islet cells, with potential ramifications for treating those with diabetes (Moriscot, et al, 2005). Neural-like cells have also been cultured from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells making the bone marrow a possible source for stem cell treatment of neurological disorders (Hermann, et al, 2006). More recent research appears to show that donor-heterogeneity (genetic differences between those donating the bone marrow) is at the heart of the variability in mesenchymal stem cells ability to differentiate to neural cells (Montzka, et al, 2009). This means that careful selection of donor stem cells would have to be carried out in order for treatment to be successful if the research ever displays clinical significance. Conditions such as spinal cord injury, Alzheimers Disease, and Multiple Sclerosis, may be able to be treated in the future using mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow that were previously thought to only be able to produce bone and cartilage cell types.

Patients with leukaemia or other cancer are likely to be treated with radiation and/or chemotherapy. Both of these treatements kill the stem cells in the bone marrow to some degree and it is the effect that this has on the immune system that is responsible for many of the symptoms of chemotherapy and radiation sickness. In some cases, a patient with cancer may have bone marrow harvested and some stem cells stored prior to radiation treatment or chemotherapy. They then have their own stem cells infused after the cancer treatment in order to repopulate their immune system. This presents little risk of graft versus host disease which is a concern with, non-autologous, allograft bone marrow transplants. The use of a patients own stem cells is unlikely to be helpful in cases where an in-borne mutation of the blood and lymph system is present and such procedures are not usually performed in such cases.

Bone marrow transplantation from a donor source will normally require the destruction of the patients own bone marrow in a process called myeloablation. Patients who undergo myeloablation will lose their acquired immunity and are usually advised to undergo all vaccinations for diseases such as mumps, measles, rubella, and so on. Myeloablation also means that the patient has extremely low white blood cell (leukocyte) levels for a number of weeks as the bone marrow stem cells begin to create new blood and immune system cells. Patients undergoing this procedure are, therefore, extremely susceptible to infection and complication making bone marrow transplants only appropriate in life-threatening situations. Many patients will take antibiotics during this time in an attempt to avoid sepsis, infections, and septic shock. Some patients will be given immunosuppressant drugs to lower the risk of graft versus host disease and this can make them even more susceptible to infection.

It is also possible that the new stem cells do not engraft, which means that they do not begin to create new blood and immune-system cells at all. Peripheral blood stem cells harvested at the same time as bone marrow harvesting were found in one study to speed the recovery of the patients immune systems following myeloablation, thus reducing the risk if infection (Rabinowitz, et al, 1993). Peripheral blood stem cells do appear to be quicker in general at engrafting and they may become more widely involved in the treatment of diseases traditionally addressed through bone marrow transplants (Lewis, 2005).

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Bone Marrow Stem Cells - Stem Cell Treatment

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Bone Marrow Cells & Tissue

AllCells is able to provide whole bone marrow aspirate and

collected from healthy individuals. These bone marrow products are available in fresh or frozen format.

The following bone marrow cells and tissue product types are available from AllCells:

Please view all of our Bone Marrow Products below.

Bone Marrow (BM) contains hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, which are self-renewing, proliferating, and differentiating into multi-lineage blood cells. Multipotent, non-hematopoietic stem cells, such as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, can be isolated from human bone marrow as well. These non-hematopoietic, bone marrow stromal cells are capable of both self-renewal and differentiation into bone, cartilage, muscle, tendons, and fat. 100 mL of bone marrow cells and tissue is drawn into a 60cc syringe containing heparin (80 U/mL of BM) from the posterior iliac crest, at a maximum of eight separate sites. Whole bone marrow products are diluted with PBS. Please see our entire Bone Marrow Product inventory below.

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Bone Marrow Cells, Bone Marrow Stem Cells - AllCells.com

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Current ratings for: Scientists grow artificial skin from stem cells of umbilical cord

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Scientists have developed a breakthrough technique to grow artificial skin - using stem cells taken from the umbilical cord. The new method means major burn patients could benefit from faster skin grafting, the researchers say, as the artificial skin can be stored and used when needed.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there were approximately 410,000 burn injuries in the US in 2008, of which around 40,000 required hospitalization.

Patients who have suffered severe burns may require skin grafts. At present, this involves the growth of artificial skin using healthy skin from the patients' own bodies. But the researchers note this process can take weeks.

"Creating this new type of skin using stem cells, which can be stored in tissue banks, means that it can be used instantly when injuries are caused, and which would bring the application of artificial skin forward many weeks," says study author Antonio Campos, professor of histology at the University of Granada in Spain.

To create the new technique, details of which are published in the journal Stem Cells Translational Medicine, the scientists used Wharton jelly mesenschymal stem cells from the human umbilical cord.

Previous research from the team had already led them to believe that stem cells from the umbilical cord could be turned into epithelia cells (tissue cells).

The investigators note that the stem cells are "excellent candidates" for tissue engineering due to their "proliferation and differentiation capabilities," but that their potential to turn into epithelial cells had not been explored, until now.

The scientists combined the umbilical cord stem cells with a biomaterial made of fibrin - a protein found in the clotting of blood - and agarose - a polymer usually extracted from seaweed.

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Scientists grow artificial skin from stem cells of umbilical ...

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In the nearly three years that Greenwich's Barbara Netter has served as president of the Alliance for Cancer Gene Therapy, she has seen history-making strides in the successful use of gene therapy in combating cancer. Individuals, young and old with certain types of cancer have been living cancer-free after receiving treatments funded by the Stamford-based foundation that she and her late husband Edward Netter created in 2001.

To learn more about Netter's work, Greenwich Time took a Time Out with her in her ACGT office.

Q: What is your role as president of ACGT?

A: As president, I try to map out strategic directions for the alliance, to see that what chiefly needs to be done is done. I became president shortly after my husband, Ed Netter, passed away -- it took me a while to get my arms around it. I was still grieving for my husband. But a year ago, April of last year, on the day we held our benefit, I was named "donor of the day" by The Wall Street Journal. The editor had asked me how did I know what to do when I took over, but I had worked on the alliance with Ed. I had done special events. I found I had inner resources I never thought I had. You develop confidence when you make important things happen. Seeing wonderful things happening mitigated my grief. I feel we've really made progress.

Q: How does ACGT dispense its funds?

A: We give seed money to scientists who are chosen by ACGT's Scientific Advisory Council from applications for funding that are sent to us. My esteemed scientists are able to determine which applications present potential for future discoveries.

Q: What are the major new advances of cancer treatment using gene therapy that ACGT has funded?

A: The extraordinary results brought about by Dr. Carl June at the University of Pennsylvania with T cell therapy were first reported in the New England Journal of Medicine in August of 2011. His T cell therapy seemed to work for a number of people with lymphocytic leukemia. There are 22 to 23 adults who have achieved cancer remission from this therapy who are now back at work. Emily Whitehead, a child who had leukemia, was treated by Dr. June using T cell therapy, and she is doing great. She's back at school. She was not expected to live.

We funded Dr. June first in 2004 and again in 2008. We also funded another research fellow in 2004, Dr. Michael Sadelain of Sloan-Kettering's Cancer Center. He is the director of cell engineering at the center. He and Dr. June spoke at a recent event we held in New York City. Sadelain said we're on the cusp of a golden age of cancer prevention and treatment, thanks to the promise of recent discoveries.

Q: Your event was held at the Harvard Club in New York. What was the purpose of this event?

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Funding research in search for a cure - GreenwichTime

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Our Divisions Ancestry

Family Tree DNA is the world leader in this research, with over 400,000 DNA profiles since inception in 2000. Family Tree DNA is in the lead - Our databases set the bar and industry lead. Learn More

DNA Traits specializes in DNA testing to identify genetic disorders to inherited diseases and characteristics. It's services are private, affordable, and meet or exceed HIPAA requirements.

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DNA DTC is the RUO division of Gene By Gene and a sister division of Family Tree DNA which pioneered the concept of direct to consumer DNA tests in the field of genetic genealogy.

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DNA Findings is a division of Genealogy by Genetics, though its Family Tree DNA division has been assisting family genealogical reconstruction via the male inherited Y chromosome. Learn More

Gene by Gene, founded in April of 2000, was the first company in the world to develop DNA testing for ancestry and genealogical purposes as a commercial application. Prior to the companys initiative, these tests were only available for academic and research purposes. Because of this innovation, the National Geographic Society and its partner, IBM, selected us to provide the testing and manage all public participation in the Genographic Project.

Initially, the Arizona Research Labs at The University of Arizona performed all testing. In 2006, Gene by Gene established a state-of-the-art Genomics Research Center at its headquarters in Houston, Texas, where we currently perform R&D and process over 200 types of DNA tests for our customers.

Today, Gene by Gene is the largest processor of Full Mitochondria Sequences in the world and the largest submitter of those sequences to the NCBIs Genbank. Additionally, we are the top discoverer of Y-chromosome Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). During our 12 years of operations, we have processed over 5 million discrete tests for over 700,000 individuals.

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Gene by Gene - Official Site

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People with a genetic mutation linked to Parkinsons disease may have an increased risk of contracting the neurodegenerative disorder if they have been exposed to certain pesticides, according to a new study published in the journal Cell.

Conducted at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute in La Jolla, Calif., the research involved using human stem cells, derived from a patient with Parkinsons disease, to analyze the relationship between Parkinsons and pesticides.

Though previous epidemiological and animal studies have attempted to prove a connection between exposure to pesticides and a higher susceptibility to Parkinsons, this was the first study that successfully used human cells to examine the link.

To conduct their analysis, researchers gathered skin cells from a Parkinsons patient who possessed a genetic mutation linked to the disease, in the gene encoding a protein called alpha-synuclein. The researchers then transformed these skin cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and corrected the Parkinsons mutation in half of the cells, in order to provide a basis for comparison.

Researchers then transformed all of these hiPSCs into a specific type of nerve cell damaged in Parkinsons disease: A9 dopamine-containing neurons. These nerve cells are the first to be affected by Parkinsons disease and are linked to motor sequencing, or the ability to start and stop movements a common problem in Parkinsons patients.

Many think of Parkinsons disease as tremor, shaking, rigidity and stiffness. But its also very important to know that it is the sequencing of movements beginning and stopping a movement where patients really get into trouble and these particular cells really control that, lead study author Dr. Stuart Lipton, professor and director of Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute's Del E. Webb Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, told FoxNews.com.

Researchers then exposed the nerve cells to a combination of pesticides, including paraquat, maneb, and rotenone, which are commonly used in agricultural settings in the United States. Notably, the levels of exposure tested by the researchers were well below EPA-recommended levels.

We did a dose response of pesticides, and that particular dose had been implicated in the human epidemiological studies as being strongly associated with Parkinsons, Lipton said. And what we found is we could give very low doses of that combination (of pesticides), and the cells with the genetic mutation would die and the cells without that would not.

Overall, the researchers determined that exposure to pesticides seems to increase the likelihood that people with a genetic risk for the disease will actually go on to contract the illness.

If youre susceptible to Parkinsons disease, you will be more susceptible to getting it earlier if you are exposed to pesticides, Lipton said.

Original post:
Pesticide exposure may increase Parkinson’s risk for those ...

Recommendation and review posted by Bethany Smith

Establishing links between genes, the brain and human behavior is a central issue in cognitive neuroscience research, but studying how genes influence cognitive abilities and behavior as the brain develops from childhood to adulthood has proven difficult.

Now, an international team of scientists has made inroads to understanding how genes influence brain structure and cognitive abilities and how neural circuits produce language.

The team studied individuals with a rare disorder known as Williams syndrome. By measuring neural activity in the brain associated with the distinct language skills and facial recognition abilities that are typical of the syndrome, they showed that Williams is due not to a single gene but to distinct subsets of genes, hinting that the syndrome is more complex than originally thought.

"Solutions to understanding the connections between genes, neural circuits and behavior are now emerging from a unique union of genetics and neuroscience," says Julie Korenberg, a University of Utah professor and an adjunct professor at the Salk Institute, who led the genetics aspects on the new study.

The study was led by Debra Mills, a professor of cognitive neuroscience at Bangor University in Wales. Ursula Bellugi, a professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, was also integrally involved in the research.

Korenberg was convinced that with Mills' approach of directly measuring the brain's electrical firing they could solve the puzzle of precisely which genes were responsible for building the brain wiring underlying the different reaction to human faces in Williams syndrome.

"We also discovered," says Mills, "that in those with Williams syndrome, the brain processes language and faces abnormally from early childhood through middle age. This was a surprise because previous studies had suggested that part of the Williams brain functions normally in adulthood, with little understanding about how it developed."

The results of the study were published November 12 in Developmental Neuropsychology.

Williams syndrome is caused by the deletion of one of the two usual copies of approximately 25 genes from chromosome 7, resulting in mental impairment. Nearly everyone with the condition is missing these same genes, although a few rare individuals retain one or more genes that most people with Williams have lost. Korenberg was the early pioneer of studying these individuals with partial gene deletions as a way of gathering clues to the specific function of those genes and gene networks. The syndrome affects approximately 1 in 10,000 people around the world, including an estimated 20,000 to 30,000 individuals in the United States.

Although individuals with Williams experience developmental delays and learning disabilities, they are exceptionally sociable and possess remarkable verbal abilities and facial recognition skills in relation to their lower IQ. Bellugi has long observed that sociability also seems to drive language and has spent much of her career studying those with Williams syndrome.

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